CN103892127A - Ramie feed for beef cattle fattening period and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Ramie feed for beef cattle fattening period and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention relates to ramie feed for beef cattle fattening period and a processing method thereof. The ramie feed comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-50 percent of ramie grass powder, 8-15 percent of corn, 5-10 percent of barley, 5-10 percent of wheat, 1-5 percent of bean pulp, 5-10 percent of cottonseed meal, 5-10 percent of rapeseed dregs, 5-15 percent of brewer's grains, 5-8 percent of molasses, 0.5-0.8 percent of salt, 1-2 percent of premix and 1-2 percent of oil, totaling 100 percent. The processing method comprises the following steps: harvesting ramie, preparing raw materials, tempering and granulating. The feed is used for feeding and fattening beef cattle in the growing and fattening period, the rate of grain raw materials in daily ration of the beef cattle can be effectively reduced under the condition that the production performance is not reduced, and the cost of raw materials is reduced by over 30 percent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of animal feed, be specifically related to a kind of beef ox fattening phase use ramie feed and processing method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of China's animal husbandry, the demand of feed grain is growing, and the contradiction that people and animals strive grain constantly intensifies, and aquaculture cost constantly rises.Exploitation non-grain raw material feed has become the generally acknowledged effective way that reduces production costs, alleviates people and animals and strive the problems such as grain contradiction.At present in the ruminant breeding process such as China cattle and sheep, the most general concentrated feed is that the corn after pulverizing is equipped with Direct-fed after the material mixings such as a certain proportion of wheat bran, dregs of beans, premix.But owing to raising the reasons such as the preparation of extensive, feed is unreasonable, the problem such as cause the utilization ratio of grain resource not high, Beef Cattle Growth speed is slow, the cycle of fattening is long, dressing percentage is low, has limited giving full play to of beef cattle production performance.
Ramie is the herbaceos perennial that a kind of biological yield is high, be rich in protein, lysine, calcium and fat.China utilizes ramie to do the with a long history of feed, but generally take search for food fresh leaf or cured leaf as main, the available blade amount in unit are soil is little.The ramie Sativa Silage Technology of research and development has solved local use problem in recent years, but is limited to the water content of ensilage 50%-70%, long-distance transportation high cost.Utilize the special concentrated feed of ramie exploitation beef cattle by effectively in conjunction with the feature of ramie high yield, high nutritive value and the resistance to storage of particulate material, the just advantage of transportation, and then reduce feed grain consumption, promote the sustainable development of beef cattle cultivation.
Summary of the invention
Based on China's current beef cattle aquaculture overview and ramie feedization research and development basis, the object of the invention is to develop a kind of beef ox fattening phase use concentrated feed take ramie grass meal as major ingredient and preparation method thereof.
To achieve these goals, beef ox fattening phase ramie feed provided by the invention, comprise following component by weight percentage: 20% ~ 50% ramie grass meal, 8% ~ 15% corn, 5% ~ 10% barley, 5% ~ 10% wheat, 1% ~ 5% dregs of beans, 5% ~ 10% cotton dregs, 5% ~ 10% rapeseed dregs, 5% ~ 15% brewex's grains, 5% ~ 8% molasses, 0.5% ~ 0.8% salt, 1% ~ 2% premix, 1%-2% grease, add up to 100%; Ramie grass meal used is that ramie cauline leaf forms through super-dry, pulverizing.
Described ramie feed is preferably pellet.
Described ramie grass meal preferably cradles overground part during for≤80cm at Ramie Growth height, dry, pulverize and obtain.Or in the time that Ramie Growth height is >80cm, cradle the tender tip in plant top, and more preferably cradle the tender tip on plant top 1/3, be dried, pulverize and obtain.Described dry moisture≤13% that is preferably dried to.
The above-mentioned beef ox fattening phase, by the processing method of ramie feed, comprises the steps:
(1) raw material ramie grass meal, corn, barley, wheat, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, rapeseed dregs, brewex's grains and salt are pulverized, sieved, average particulate diameter is 0.5 ~ 3mm, mixes, stirs according to formula composition;
(2) add molasses, premix and grease, control mixture moisture content 15% ~ 20%;
(3) be granulation into particulate material;
(4) cooling, dry.
As improvement, also add appropriate antioxidant in step (2).
Step (3) dry be preferably dry to moisture weight percentage be 8% ~ 12%.
Find that after deliberation the ramie nutritional labeling difference of different harvesting heights adopts " No. 2, middle ramie " ramie complete stool nutrition Quality Analysis, in table 1.
Table 1
| Harvesting height | <60cm | 70cm | 80 cm | 100 cm | 120 cm |
| Crude protein (%) | 20.87-24.42 | 19.77 | 16.13 | 13.26 | 10.72 |
| Crude fat (%) | 5.36-7.03 | 4.09 | 3.55 | 4.21 | 3.07 |
| Coarse ash (%) | 11.57-15.44 | 10.27 | 9.92 | 11.66 | 12.26 |
| Calcium (%) | 3.60-4.07 | 2.96 | 3.41 | 3.51 | 3.47 |
| Phosphorus (%) | 0.23-0.27 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.25 |
Feed of the present invention is used for the raising of growing and fattening phase beef cattle and fattens, and can ensure under the condition that its production performance not reduce, and obviously reduces the consumption of grain protein powder, effectively reduces the ratio of grain raw material in cattle diet, reduces aquaculture cost.This feed is rich in rich in protein and amino acid, can balanced ration structure, improve digestibility and the fodder energy utilization rate of beef cattle, be conducive to improve fitness and the resistance of beef cattle, improve the quality of beef, improve daily gain, further improve dressing percentage, shorten the cycle of fattening, reduce the fattening effect of feed grain consumption thereby reach.
The specific embodiment
The present invention's dregs of beans used, cotton dregs, rapeseed dregs, brewex's grains, molasses, grease etc. can be buied from market.Grease can be edible soybean oil, for example animal fodder oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, ready-mixed oil.Premix is the mixing of composite trace element and B B-complex, and the product being well known to those skilled in the art, is also commercially available.The 1% beef cattle compound premix (specifications and models 8411) that following embodiment compound premix used is produced purchased from Beijing You Libao biotechnology Co., Ltd.Below be weight percentage.The following stated is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not construed as limiting.
case study on implementation 1
In the implementation case, the described beef ox fattening phase comprises by its weight percent meter with ramie concentrated feed: 50% ramie grass meal, 8% corn, 5% barley, 5% wheat, 2.5% dregs of beans, 5% cotton dregs, 5% rapeseed dregs, 6.3% brewex's grains, 8% molasses, 0.7% salt, 1.5% compound premix, 1.5% grease.
Described ramie grass meal cradles overground part complete stool in the time that Ramie Growth height is 40-50cm, and airing is pulverized during to moisture≤13% and obtained.
The described beef ox fattening phase makes by the following method with ramie concentrated feed:
(1) pulverize and mix: raw material ramie grass meal, corn, barley, wheat, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, rapeseed dregs, brewex's grains and salt are pulverized, sieved, and average particulate diameter is 0.5 ~ 3mm, in mixer, mixing, stir according to formula composition;
(2) modified: to add molasses and premix, control mixture moisture content 15% ~ 20%, add grease and appropriate antioxidant;
(3) granulate: adopt granulator direct pressing to become particulate material the compound after pulverizing, mix, stirring evenly, ring membrane aperture is 8mm;
(4) cooling, dry and store: cooling particulate material, and pack is stored while drying to moisture 8% ~ 12%.
The ramie feed of embodiment 1 and conventional diet (45% corn, 30% Silage Corn Straw, 11% brewex's grains, 5% cottonseed cake, 8% wheat bran, 1% compound premix) are compared to test (the results are shown in Table 2): 100% conventional diet (control group), the conventional diet of 50% ramie feed+50% (testing 1 group) and 100% ramie feed (testing 2 groups).Test shows, there were significant differences for the beef cattle production performance of control group, 1 group of test and 2 groups of 3 kinds of feeding methods of test, the beef cattle that wherein 100% ramie feed is raised is under the consistent condition of feed intake, daily gain reaches that 1.61kg/d, dressing percentage reach 55.47%, feed conversion rate reaches 4.16, is significantly higher than other two processing.According to the amount of beef cattle weight 1.5%, coordinate the graminous pasture of equivalent to feed in ramie concentrated feed, beef cattle daily gain, Slaughter and beef quality have no adverse effects, and there is no significant difference between control group.
Table 2 DIFFERENT FEED configures the impact on beef cattle production performance
| Index | Control group | Test 1 group | Test 2 groups |
| Initial body weight (kg) | 397.70±3.65 | 396.43±2.76 | 398.73±3.46 |
| Finish body weight (kg) | 467.27±3.37 | 478.17±5.03 | 495.45±2.52 |
| Daily gain (kg/d) | 1.16±0.06 | 1.36±0.05 | 1.61±0.04 |
| Dry matter intake (kg/d) | 6.49±0.04 | 6.56±0.06 | 6.71±0.04 |
| Feed conversion rate (F/G) | 5.61±0.31 | 4.82±0.13 | 4.16±0.12 |
| Dressing percentage (%) | 51.13±0.70 | 52.10±0.20 | 55.47±0.68 |
case study on implementation 2
In the implementation case, the described beef ox fattening phase comprises by its weight percent meter with ramie concentrated feed: 25% ramie grass meal, 15% corn, 10% barley, 10% wheat, 4.5% dregs of beans, 8% cotton dregs, 8% rapeseed dregs, 12% brewex's grains, 5% molasses, 0.5% salt, 1% compound premix, 2% grease.
Described ramie grass meal cradles the tender tip in plant top 1/3 in the time that Ramie Growth height is 145-155cm, while being dried to moisture≤13% pulverize and obtain.
The described beef ox fattening phase makes by the following method with ramie concentrated feed:
(1) pulverize and mix: raw material ramie grass meal, corn, barley, wheat, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, rapeseed dregs, brewex's grains and salt are pulverized, sieved, and average particulate diameter is 0.5 ~ 3mm, in mixer, mixing, stir according to formula composition;
(2) modified: to add molasses and premix, control mixture moisture content 15% ~ 20%, add grease and appropriate antioxidant;
(3) granulate: adopt granulator direct pressing to become particulate material the compound after pulverizing, mix, stirring evenly, ring membrane aperture is generally 8mm;
(4) cooling, dry and store: cooling particulate material, and pack is stored while drying to moisture 8% ~ 12%.
case study on implementation 3
In the implementation case, the described beef ox fattening phase comprises by its weight percent meter with ramie concentrated feed: 40% ramie grass meal, 10% corn, 5% barley, 5% wheat, 3% dregs of beans, 8% cotton dregs, 8% rapeseed dregs, 10% brewex's grains, 7% molasses, 0.7% salt, 1.3% compound premix, 1.5% grease.
Described ramie grass meal cradles overground part complete stool in the time that Ramie Growth height is 60-70cm, and airing is during to moisture 50% ~ 60%, and mechanical drying is pulverized during to moisture≤13% and obtained.
The described beef ox fattening phase makes by the following method with ramie concentrated feed:
(1) pulverize and mix: raw material ramie grass meal, corn, barley, wheat, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, rapeseed dregs, brewex's grains and salt are pulverized, sieved, and average particulate diameter is 0.5 ~ 3mm, in mixer, mixing, stir according to formula composition;
(2) modified: add molasses and premix, grease and antioxidant, utilize high steam to regulate mixture moisture content 15% ~ 20%;
(3) granulate: adopt granulator direct pressing to become particulate material the compound after pulverizing, mix, stirring evenly, ring membrane aperture is generally 8mm;
(4) cooling, dry and store: cooling particulate material, and pack is stored while drying to moisture 8% ~ 12%.
In addition, gather in the crops ramie raw materials required for the present invention, common numb garden can obtain ramie grass meal more than dry weight 1.8t/ mu, and as the full-valence pellet feed of major ingredient processing, compared with conventional diet take corn as major ingredient, its cost of material significantly reduces approximately more than 30%.
Claims (10)
1. a beef ox fattening phase ramie feed, comprise following component by weight percentage: 20% ~ 50% ramie grass meal, 8% ~ 15% corn, 5% ~ 10% barley, 5% ~ 10% wheat, 1% ~ 5% dregs of beans, 5% ~ 10% cotton dregs, 5% ~ 10% rapeseed dregs, 5% ~ 15% brewex's grains, 5% ~ 8% molasses, 0.5% ~ 0.8% salt, 1% ~ 2% premix, 1%-2% grease, add up to 100%; Ramie grass meal used is that ramie cauline leaf forms through super-dry, pulverizing.
2. beef ox fattening phase ramie feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that described ramie feed is pellet.
3. beef ox fattening phase ramie feed according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described ramie grass meal is to cradle overground part during for≤80cm at Ramie Growth height, dry, pulverize and obtain.
4. beef ox fattening phase ramie feed according to claim 3, is characterized in that being dried to moisture≤13%.
5. beef ox fattening phase ramie feed according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described ramie grass meal is in the time that Ramie Growth height is >80cm, to cradle the tender tip in plant top, is dried, pulverizes and obtain.
6. beef ox fattening phase ramie feed according to claim 5, is characterized in that being dried to moisture≤13%.
7. beef ox fattening phase ramie feed according to claim 5, is characterized in that cradling the tender tip on plant top 1/3.
8. the described beef ox fattening phase of one of claim 1-7 is used a processing method for ramie feed, comprises the steps:
(1) raw material ramie grass meal, corn, barley, wheat, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, rapeseed dregs, brewex's grains and salt are pulverized, sieved, average particulate diameter is 0.5 ~ 3mm, mixes, stirs according to formula composition;
(2) add molasses, premix and grease, control mixture moisture content 15% ~ 20%;
(3) be granulation into particulate material;
(4) cooling, dry.
9. the beef ox fattening phase according to claim 8, by the preparation method of ramie feed, is characterized in that also adding appropriate antioxidant in step (2).
10. beef ox fattening phase is according to claim 8 or claim 9 by the preparation method of ramie feed, it is characterized in that step (3) be dried for dry to moisture weight percentage be 8% ~ 12%.
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| CN106036051A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-10-26 | 湖南德人牧业有限公司 | Feed mulberry and feed ramie mixed complete materials for beef cattle |
| CN106721132A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-05-31 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of ramie grass block and its method for cultivation beef cattle |
| CN106721167A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-31 | 关岭黔顺种养殖农民专业合作社 | A kind of beef ox fattening feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN108271931A (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2018-07-13 | 湖南省畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of meat cattle feed mulberry mixing complete diet pellet and preparation method thereof |
| CN109907166A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-06-21 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of fodder compound reducing intestine of ruminants methane and ammonia emission, preparation method and feeding method |
| CN110367192A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-10-25 | 湖南农业大学 | A method of improving fattening pig blood health indicator and meat |
| CN113040280A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-29 | 万源市安科实业有限公司 | Formula and method for ramie silage for feed |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109907166A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-06-21 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of fodder compound reducing intestine of ruminants methane and ammonia emission, preparation method and feeding method |
| CN109907166B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2021-12-10 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Feed composition capable of reducing emission of methane and ammonia gas in intestinal tracts of ruminants, preparation method and feeding method thereof |
| CN110367192A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2019-10-25 | 湖南农业大学 | A method of improving fattening pig blood health indicator and meat |
| CN110367192B (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2022-07-15 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for improving blood health index and meat quality of fattening pig |
| CN113040280A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-29 | 万源市安科实业有限公司 | Formula and method for ramie silage for feed |
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