CN111434237B - Method for reducing content of tannin and xylem in caragana microphylla and caragana microphylla feed processing method - Google Patents
Method for reducing content of tannin and xylem in caragana microphylla and caragana microphylla feed processing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for reducing tannin and xylem content in caragana microphylla and a caragana microphylla feed processing method, which are characterized in that picked caragana microphylla is collected, mechanically crushed and cut into a mixture of xylem and tender branch leaf, the xylem is separated from the tender branch leaf by a winnowing machine, the xylem is sent into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion, the generated plant ash and tender branch leaf are mixed and sent into the pulverizer for secondary pulverization and then sent into the dryer for drying, a dried heat source is provided by the combustion of the xylem, most of lignified components in the finished caragana microphylla feed are removed, or a proper amount of soda, caustic soda, slaked lime and polyethylene glycol are mixed, and then the single is removed by a plurality of methods such as heating and puffing, so that the palatability of the caragana microphylla is improved, the whole caragana microphylla can be fully utilized, additional value added products are generated, and the palatability of the caragana full-price pellet feed of the caragana microphylla is improved in a low-cost mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving palatability of caragana forage grass, in particular to a method for reducing lignified components and tannin content of caragana forage grass and a processing technology of complete pellet feed taking caragana as a main component.
Background
The caragana is perennial shrub, is a perennial leguminous shrub plant of caragana, wherein the contents of crude protein, crude fat and various trace elements and vitamins are high, the caragana flowers to fruiting period, the content of the crude protein in tender branches and leaves and flowers is 22-30%, the content of the digestible crude protein in each kilogram of air-dried branches and leaves in the flowering period is equivalent to 2 kilograms of corn and 0.8 kilogram of peas, the caragana can make stubble cutting every three years, the stubble cutting process can not destroy the ecological function of the caragana, the caragana can develop more vigorously, 60-100 branches are produced per plant cluster after stubble cutting, the current year of the caragana can be up to 1 meter, the water content of the caragana per mu collected through the stubble cutting process is below 25%, the average water content of the caragana can be up to 300Kg, and the highest yield record can be up to 2000Kg.
The caragana microphylla is used as a biofuel, has high utilization value, can be used as a high-quality fuel or a high-quality raw material of the biofuel because the biological characteristics are that the branches contain high-proportion grease components, generates average heat energy of about 4000 kilocalories, is equivalent to the heat value of clean coal, particularly the xylem of the stems of the caragana microphylla, is an excellent fuel, and has ash content of less than 10 percent after combustion.
The caragana microphylla is shrub, has a height of 1.5-5 m, developed root system, is generally buried into soil for 5-6 m, can reach about 9 m at the deepest, can reach more than 20 m in horizontal extension, has strong ecological suitability and stress resistance, can reach more than decades of life, has strong wind-proof and sand-fixing capabilities, and therefore, the caragana microphylla is widely distributed in arid and semiarid regions in northern China, sand-proof and sand-holding strategic projects are implemented in western China for years, and the peace is in the middle and western regions in the east, and extends to the western region of the broad ancestor for covering: shanxi, ningxia, shaanxi, gansu and Qinghai until Xinjiang and Tibet and other provinces, sand-preventing and sand-fixing plants of caragana microphylla are planted in the regions above by mass, the area of caragana microphylla planted in the middle west of the inner Mongolian is more than ten thousand mu, and the caragana microphylla is subjected to stumping and overgrowth treatment every three years according to the growth characteristics of the caragana microphylla, otherwise, the caragana microphylla withers until death, but no cheap and effective technical breakthrough is always needed in treating the side effect of tannin and solving the problem of palatability, and the country needs to give corresponding fund patch to each mu of the peagana microphylla in the stumping region.
At present, only in the three north areas, the natural distribution and artificial planting area reaches millions of hectares, a huge amount of caragana microphylla branches and leaves are generated in the stubble leveling process, so that caragana microphylla is an extremely rich potential forage grass resource, contains abundant crude proteins, starch and trace elements, is an animal forage grass rich in nutrition, and is not even inferior to alfalfa, but due to the plant characteristics of the caragana microphylla, the proportion of lignified branch and trunk components is higher than that of tender branches and leaves, so that the proportion of lignified components with poor palatability of ruminants is also higher, and due to the self evolution of the caragana microphylla for preventing feeding, the caragana microphylla branches and leaves contain a great amount of tannin components, so that the palatability of grass-eating livestock such as cattle and sheep to the caragana microphylla forage grass is extremely poor, and a feeding refusal phenomenon is generated.
For many years, the tannin component in the caragana microphylla is the biggest bottleneck for preventing the caragana microphylla from being converted into feed, the existing caragana microphylla processing method is to crush the whole caragana microphylla, and the caragana microphylla processed by the method has bitter taste, and even has toxic and side effects on herbivores such as cattle and sheep when serious, and influences the development and growth of the cattle and sheep; the current method for utilizing the raw materials of the caragana microphylla is to mix the materials with good palatability such as alfalfa, corn, protein and the like in the caragana microphylla powder to dilute the proportion of the tannins, lignin and other unfavorable components of the caragana microphylla, so that the mixing proportion of the caragana microphylla powder which is not treated by tannins and lignified components cannot exceed 30%, otherwise, the harmful components in the caragana microphylla can affect the side effects and palatability in the mixture, the prior art has low efficiency in the aspect of treating the caragana microphylla, and has high cost, and therefore, the caragana microphylla forage resources cannot be fully and cheaply utilized.
If the lignified stems and tannin and other harmful substances in the caragana microphylla forage grass can be eliminated or effectively reduced by a low-cost method, so that the caragana microphylla is used as a main raw material to produce the forage, a new way is opened up for the livestock forage industry, the contradiction of people and livestock competing for grain of the cattle and sheep forage is solved, the contradiction of insufficient forage grass, high cost and the like is solved, the rich caragana microphylla resources can be fully utilized, the raising cost of livestock such as cattle and sheep can be reduced, the enthusiasm of peasants for planting the caragana microphylla is promoted, the national patch and expense are reduced, the problems of improving the desertification and greening are solved, and therefore, the development of the low-cost palatable caragana microphylla forage has broad market prospects of sustainable development, circular economy, green production and environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for reducing the content of tannin and xylem in caragana microphylla and a processing technology of a complete feed taking caragana microphylla as a main component, aiming at solving the problems that the caragana microphylla is used as a main raw material of the feed, the palatability is poor, livestock such as cattle and sheep do not want to eat food, the traditional raw feed for processing the caragana microphylla is high in cost and the like; the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a method for reducing the content of tannin and xylem in caragana microphylla is prepared by the following process steps:
(1) Collecting and removing impurities from the caragana microphylla original plants picked by stumping;
(2) Primary crushing the caragana microphylla original plant in a mechanical mode, and crushing the plant into mixed fragments which are 2-25cm and contain xylem and tender branch leaves;
(3) Feeding the mixed fragments into a winnowing machine for winnowing, and separating the mixed fragments into two parts, namely a xylem part and a tender branch leaf part; the proportion of the lignified components of the whole caragana microphylla plant is smaller than that of the tender branch leaves separated in the step, so that the palatability is improved; the lignified components in the xylem separated in the step have higher proportion than the whole plant of the original caragana microphylla, and have higher burning value when being used as fuel;
(4) Delivering the separated xylem into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion, and collecting plant ash generated after combustion; separating the lignified caragana microphylla and burning to provide heat energy for the drying chamber; compared with the mode of burning coal, fuel gas or electric energy for heating, the scheme of the invention has the advantages of saving fuel and energy consumption and greatly reducing the feed processing cost;
(5) In the separated tender branch leaf parts, the plant ash is 1-9% by mass percent: mixing plant ash with 91-99% of tender branches and leaves to form a mixed part of plant ash and tender branch and leaves;
(6) Feeding the mixed part into a pulverizer for secondary pulverization to form flocculent caragana microphylla powder part with the diameter smaller than 1.2 mm; in the crushing process, when the blades of the crusher cut the tender branch and leaf parts, a certain amount of water is generated and combined with the plant ash to enable the plant ash to be more fully mixed with the tender branch and leaf parts and the caragana microphylla powder part, so that the effect of reducing tannin by the plant ash is realized;
(7) And (3) delivering the caragana microphylla powder part into a drying chamber of a dryer, drying at 140-280 ℃ for 3-10 minutes, and discharging to form dry caragana microphylla powder with the moisture content less than 15%, wherein the heat source of the dryer is provided by heat energy generated by the combustion of the xylem in the step (4).
Separating lignified components in most of the whole caragana microphylla plant by a winnowing method after primary crushing of caragana microphylla raw materials, and removing part of tannin in the caragana microphylla by using the lignified components as a heat source to dry the tender branch and leaf parts of the caragana microphylla; the plant ash generated after the burning of the xylem is mixed into tender branches and leaves to eliminate part of tannin in the caragana microphylla, the tender branches and leaves are slightly cooked in the high-temperature baking process, the flavor of feed is increased, the palatability of the caragana microphylla is improved by using a plurality of methods, the finally formed dry caragana microphylla powder is reduced by 50-65% compared with caragana microphylla log, the tannin component is reduced by 35-45% compared with caragana microphylla log, the lignin and lignification component contained in the caragana microphylla log are reduced, and simultaneously, the xylem with small nutrient component is eliminated, so that the nutrient component of the dry caragana microphylla powder is increased by 30-40%.
Further, the mixing part comprises the following steps of mixing plant ash in the step (4) with distilled water according to mass fraction of 2-18:98-82, mixing, dissolving and filtering to obtain a plant ash water solution, wherein the plant ash water solution is 1 part by mass, and the plant ash water solution is 1-5 parts by mass, and the plant ash water solution is atomized and sprayed to tender branch and leaf parts; the water solution of the plant ash keeps the effective alkaline components of the degraded tannin in the plant ash, and in the filtering step, the ash part insoluble in water in the plant ash is filtered out, thus reducing the influence of the ash on the quality of the feed.
Further, the mixing part is formed by adding soda into the plant ash water solution to form a plant ash/soda mixed water solution, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10-12 by adjusting the proportion of distilled water; the soda is alkaline, and the plant ash/soda water alkaline solution after mixing the soda can neutralize more tannin components, thereby improving the effect of reducing the tannin.
Further, the mixing part is formed by adding one or more of caustic soda, slaked lime and polyethylene glycol into the plant ash water solution, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10-12 by adjusting the proportion of distilled water; the caustic soda is alkaline, and the plant ash/alkaline solution of caustic soda after mixing the caustic soda can neutralize more tannin components, thereby improving the effect of reducing the tannin content; the caustic soda can be replaced by calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) or partially replaced, so that the effect of reducing the tannin content can be achieved; each component such as slaked lime, caustic soda or polyethylene glycol can be added into the plant ash water solution in proper quantity, and the proportion of each component is adjusted to adapt to the change of the tannin content in the caragana microphylla collected in different seasons and the change of the tannin component types in the caragana microphylla in different regions, so that the tannin content is reduced more effectively.
Further, the drying chamber of the dryer is a sealing device, the internal pressure born by the drying chamber is more than 8 atmospheres, and the drying chamber is provided with a rapid air vent device; the sealed drying chamber is heated, the water-containing part of the tender branch and leaf part in the mixture to be dried is evaporated and gradually increases the pressure in the furnace, after the pressure is acted for a period of time, the pressure is quickly released through a quick air release port arranged on the drying chamber, and the mixed part is puffed in the process of decompression.
Further, the xylem components of other types of crops are mixed in the xylem; the xylem is mixed with other wood or straw of other crops, so that the combustion heat can be increased and the components of the generated plant ash can be improved; according to different seasons, when the proportion of the xylem content in the collected caragana microphylla raw material is low, the deficiency of the xylem fuel value can be made up by mixing other wood fuels, and the alkalinity of the plant ash and the nutrition component of the plant ash as fertilizer can be adjusted at any time under the condition that the alkalinity of the generated plant ash is not influenced.
In the step (4), the xylem is processed into biological particle fuel or processed into other physical forms suitable for combustion, and then the biological particle fuel or the physical forms are sent into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion and drying heat energy is provided; the xylem fuel after the biofuel granulation treatment is more uniform, full and environment-friendly, reduces plant ash loss, simultaneously avoids pollution of generated smoke dust to the processing process of the caragana microphylla, and redundant biofuel particles can be packaged and sold, thereby further reducing the production and processing cost of enterprises; particularly, when the proportion of the xylem contained in the caragana microphylla raw material collected in some seasons is high, the rest of the caragana microphylla xylem can be crushed into small particles with uniform size through a crusher so as to be suitable for combustion conditions.
Further, collecting and packaging redundant plant ash generated by burning xylem; the plant ash is an excellent farmyard manure, and the production cost of enterprises can be further reduced by selling the surplus plant ash for the second time in the production process.
Further, the dried caragana microphylla powder is sent into a granulator to prepare granules with the water content of less than 12 percent; the granulating process comprises a process of extruding dry caragana microphylla powder under higher mechanical pressure, wherein the content of tannin in the dry caragana microphylla powder can be further reduced by 10-15% in the high-pressure extruding process, the content of tannin in the caragana microphylla is further reduced by the caragana microphylla granules generated in the granulating process, the lignified components in the caragana micropellet powder are reduced by the process, and the caragana micropellet powder can be mixed with pellet feeds of other components in a larger proportion to form mixed pellet feeds with various purposes.
Compared with the peashrub original plant, the peashrub pellet feed produced by the steps and the method has the advantages that the tannin content is reduced by 60-80%, the lignification content is reduced by 35-45% and the nutrient content is improved by 30-40%; the method and the process of the invention can fully obtain the non-abandoned utilization of the whole caragana microphylla plant in the process of improving the palatability of the caragana microphylla, not only saves energy sources, but also produces byproducts which can create income for enterprises, and the method is a method for processing the caragana microphylla by using low-cost energy conservation and environmental protection, solves the problem of improving the palatability of the caragana microphylla which has plagued the country for a long time, can fully utilize the wide planting resources of the caragana microphylla, provides a firm technology preparation for popularization and planting of the caragana microphylla industry and improving the enthusiasm of peasants for planting the caragana microphylla, and lays a firm foundation for the development of animal husbandry in the caragana microphylla planting area.
The invention also provides a complete feed processing technology taking caragana microphylla as a main component according to the dry caragana microphylla powder produced by the steps, and the complete pellet feed for the caragana microphylla comprises the following specific components in parts by weight: the method comprises the following steps of obtaining the dry caragana microphylla powder: 65-72 parts, and wheat bran: 8-12 parts of corn: 12-18 parts of stone powder: 0.3-0.4 part of sodium hydrogen phosphate: 0.5-1.5 parts of salt: 0.5-0.8 part of additive: 0.5-1.5 parts of soybean meal: 3-5 parts of additives including trace elements, digestion-assisting components and components for improving palatability, such as vitamins, edible flavors, yeast and the like, which are necessary for ruminants such as cattle, sheep and the like, and the materials are fully stirred and then are sent into a granulator to form complete pellet feed mainly comprising caragana microphylla; according to the proportion, the components are fully mixed and then sent into a granulator, the dried caragana microphylla powder and the mixture are extruded in the granulating process of the granulator, and meanwhile, the water contained in the dried caragana microphylla powder is extruded in further parts and is reduced to be less than 12% of the components of the caragana microphylla; preparing a full-valence granule finished product with caragana microphylla as a main component; in the granulating process of the granulator, huge pressure is applied to the dried caragana microphylla powder and the mixture, and the dried caragana microphylla powder can further remove part of tannin in the dried caragana microphylla powder under the action of high pressure by extruding the granulator, so that the palatability of caragana microphylla and mixed feed is further improved.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for reducing tannin and xylem content in caragana microphylla.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate the following more complete and thorough description of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples; it should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
A method for reducing tannin and xylem content in caragana microphylla is realized by the following steps:
(1) Collecting and removing impurities from the caragana microphylla original plants picked by stumping;
(2) Primary crushing the caragana microphylla original plant in a mechanical mode, and crushing the plant into mixed fragments which are 2-25cm and contain xylem and tender branch leaves;
(3) Feeding the mixed fragments into a winnowing machine for winnowing, and separating the mixed fragments into two parts, namely a xylem part and a tender branch leaf part;
(4) Delivering the separated xylem into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion, and collecting plant ash generated after combustion;
(5) In the separated tender branch leaf parts, the plant ash is 1-9% by mass percent: mixing plant ash with 91-99% of tender branches and leaves to form a mixed part of plant ash and tender branch and leaves;
(6) Feeding the mixed part into a pulverizer for secondary pulverization to form flocculent caragana microphylla powder part with the diameter smaller than 1.2 mm;
(7) And (3) delivering the caragana microphylla powder part into a drying chamber of a dryer, drying at 140-280 ℃ for 3-10 minutes, and discharging to form dry caragana microphylla powder with the moisture content less than 15%, wherein the heat source of the dryer is provided by heat energy generated by the combustion of the xylem in the step (4).
Preferably, the mixing part comprises the following steps of (by mass parts) mixing plant ash in the step (4) with distilled water according to the weight ratio of 2-18:98-82, mixing and dissolving to form plant ash water solution, filtering, wherein the filtered water solution part comprises the following components in parts by mass: and the tender branch and leaf parts are formed by spraying the tender branch and leaf parts in a ratio of 1-5.
Preferably, the mixing part is formed by adding soda into the plant ash solution to form a plant ash/soda mixed water solution, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10-12 by adjusting the proportion of distilled water.
Preferably, the mixing part is formed by adding one or more of caustic soda, slaked lime and polyethylene glycol into the plant ash solution, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10-12 by adjusting the proportion of distilled water.
Preferably, the drying chamber of the dryer is a sealing device, the internal pressure born by the drying chamber is more than 8 atmospheres, and the drying chamber is provided with a rapid air vent device.
Preferably, the xylem component of other types of crops is mixed in the xylem.
Preferably, in the step (4), the xylem is processed into bio-particle fuel or processed into other forms suitable for combustion, and then sent into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion and providing drying heat energy.
Preferably, the excess plant ash from burning the xylem is collected and packaged for disposal.
Preferably, the dried caragana microphylla powder is fed into a granulator to prepare granules with a water content of less than 12%.
Example 1: taking the example of the caragana microphylla harvesting and processing of the caragana microphylla planting base of the four-season king flag Wu Lanhua town in the middle of inner Mongolia, in the full bloom season of the caragana microphylla of 7-8 months, the caragana microphylla in 3-4 years after the previous stubble cutting is harvested by a caragana microphylla special harvester, the caragana microphylla in the season contains 23% of crude protein, 27.9% of crude fiber, 2.85% of crude fat, the nutrition content of the caragana microphylla is optimal, and the content of lignified parts is minimum.
The caragana microphylla harvester cuts caragana microphylla into large sections in the collection process so as to facilitate shipment, and the caragana microphylla harvester is transported to a processing base to select impurities and then to be treated.
Mechanically crushing the caragana microphylla original plant for one time to form caragana microphylla fragments with the length of 2-25cm, wherein the fragments comprise xylem rich in lignified components and tender branch leaf parts rich in nutritional components in the caragana microphylla, conveying the caragana microphylla fragments into a winnowing machine for winnowing, and separating the xylem and the tender branch leaf parts in the caragana microphylla fragments by the winnowing machine; under the action of wind force, the xylem with larger size and density is fallen down vertically, the tender branch and leaf with smaller density is blown away, so that the xylem and tender branch and leaf are separated, and the proportion of lignified components can be regulated and separated in real time by regulating the wind force.
Collecting the separated xylem, sending the collected xylem into a combustion furnace of a dryer for combustion, uniformly scattering the collected plant ash into tender branch and leaf parts according to the proportion of 6% of the total mass of the tender branch and leaf parts to form a mixed part of the plant ash and the tender branch and leaf parts, sending the mixed part into a secondary pulverizer through a conveyor belt for secondary pulverization to obtain flocculent caragana microphylla powder with the diameter smaller than 1.2mm, fully mixing the plant ash with the tender branch and leaf parts in the pulverization process, and carrying out neutralization reaction on the alkalinity of the plant ash and acidic matters of tannins, wherein the tannin content of the tender branch and leaf parts can be reduced by 25-30%.
The method comprises the steps of feeding the caragana microphylla powder into a drying chamber of a drying furnace of the drying machine, drying the caragana microphylla powder for 8 minutes at the temperature of 148 ℃ according to the water content of the caragana microphylla powder, forming dry caragana microphylla powder with the water content of about 15%, removing tannin in the caragana microphylla powder along with the steam volatilization of water contained in tender branch and leaf parts in the drying process, reducing the tannin content in the caragana microphylla powder by 25-35% in the drying process, wherein a heat source of the drying machine is obtained by burning the separated xylem of the caragana microphylla, and because the xylem of the caragana microphylla is a high-quality fuel heat source, the method saves energy consumption for heating and improves the palatability of caragana microphylla forage grass, and meanwhile, the baking process enables the caragana microphylla to produce fried fragrance for attracting livestock such as cattle and sheep, so that the feed intake is improved; through testing, the aqueous solution of the dried caragana microphylla powder treated by the step has the pH value similar to that of an equal-proportion aqueous solution of equal-quality and high-quality pasture alfalfa.
The tannin content in the dry peashrub powder is reduced to 50-65% of the original caragana microphylla plant, and the dry caragana microphylla powder can be used as the raw material of the complete feed, and the mixing amount of the dry caragana microphylla powder can be increased to not less than 60% or even higher from 20-30% of untreated tannin.
Example 2: the dry caragana microphylla powder is sent into a granulator through a belt, the dry caragana microphylla powder is extruded in the granulating process of the granulator, the water content is extruded and reduced to be less than 12%, the dry caragana microphylla powder is compressed into caragana microphylla pellet feed according to the volume of 5:1 by the granulator, the caragana microphylla pellet feed is packaged in a bag after being dried, the dry caragana microphylla powder is compressed by the granulator in the granulating process, the compression process generates heat under strong pressure, the tannin content is further reduced by 10-15% in the process under the combined action of extrusion and heat, the tannin content in the caragana microphylla primary strain is reduced by 60-80% before and after the steps, the content of a lignified part is reduced by 35-45%, and the nutrition content is increased by 30-40%.
Example 3: in the whole caragana microphylla plant collected in the full-bloom season of caragana microphylla, the lignified part content is low, and in the process of lignifying combustion in the embodiment 1, the condition of insufficient fuel combustion value can occur, in the embodiment, the caragana microphylla lignified part with rich lignified part content in other seasons can be called at the moment, or the straw of the sunflower and corn crops is collected as mixed fuel, so that a path is provided for pollution-free treatment of the local agricultural straw; in order to increase social benefit, the caragana microphylla fodder production enterprises generally prepare the lignified parts into biological fuels because of the different seasons of caragana microphylla collection, so that the storage and the sales are convenient, the energy conservation and the emission reduction can be realized, and the combustion of the biological particle fuels is smoother and more uniform, has no smoke dust and is more environment-friendly when the caragana microphylla fodder production enterprises are used as the fuel of a drying furnace; the redundant plant ash generated by burning the xylem can be collected and packaged for sales treatment; therefore, the collected caragana microphylla is not only utilized in a 100% way, but also a large amount of electric energy required to be consumed in a drying step is reduced, and the derived high-added-value products such as biofuel, plant ash and the like can be generated.
Example 4: firstly, processing the xylem into biological particle fuel or into other forms suitable for combustion, and then sending the biological particle fuel or the form into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion and providing drying heat energy; specifically, in embodiment 1, the collected xylem is processed into bio-particle fuel or processed into other forms suitable for full combustion, and then the bio-particle fuel is sent into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion and drying heat energy is provided, the combustion of the xylem fuel after bio-fuel granulation treatment is more uniform, full and environment-friendly, meanwhile, the pollution of smoke dust such as generated ash to the caragana processing process is avoided, and redundant bio-fuel particles can be packaged and sold, so that the production and processing cost of enterprises is further reduced; particularly, when the proportion of the xylem contained in the caragana microphylla raw material collected in some seasons is high, the rest caragana microphylla xylem can be crushed into small particles with uniform size through a crusher so as to be suitable for combustion, and the method can fully utilize the excellent fuel property of the caragana microphylla.
Example 5: in order to enhance the effect of eliminating tannin, in the above example 1, the plant ash produced by burning the caragana microphylla woody part and distilled water were mixed according to a mass ratio of 6:94, dissolving to form a plant ash water solution, and atomizing and spraying the filtered solution into tender branch leaves according to a liquid/solid ratio of 1:1 in an atomizing and spraying mode; the step reduces the proportion of insoluble components in plant ash mixed into caragana microphylla feed, and meanwhile, spraying can moisten the surfaces of the tender branch leaves, so that the uniformity of mixing the plant ash alkali solution is improved, and the alkaline plant ash solution is easier to penetrate into the tender branch leaves, so that the effect of reducing the tannin components is enhanced.
In order to enhance the tannin removal effect, soda is properly added into the plant ash solution, the pH value of the plant ash/soda solution after soda mixing is adjusted to 11 by adjusting the distilled water proportion, the soda is alkaline, and the plant ash/soda aqueous alkaline solution after soda mixing can neutralize more tannin components, thereby enhancing the tannin reduction effect, and the soda has an elimination effect on the tannin components in the caragana microphylla according to tests.
In order to enhance the tannin removal effect, caustic soda is properly added into the plant ash solution or the plant ash/soda solution to form a plant ash/caustic soda water solution, the pH value of the plant ash/caustic soda water solution is adjusted according to 11 by adjusting the proportion of distilled water, caustic soda can be replaced by slaked lime, caustic soda or slaked lime is alkaline, the plant ash/caustic soda water alkaline solution after mixing caustic soda can neutralize more tannin components, so that the tannin reduction effect is enhanced, according to the test, caustic soda has an elimination effect on tannic acid components in caragana microphylla, and according to the time-price change, polyethylene glycol is usually purchased to be manufactured into an aqueous solution to replace the caustic soda or slaked lime by the raw material for eliminating tannin, so that the cost is saved and the effect is changed.
Example 6: the drying chamber of the dryer described in example 1 is constructed in a sealed manner, which is subjected to an internal pressure of at least 8 atmospheres, so that the water-containing portion of the inside of the dried caragana powder portion evaporates and rises to a pressure of 8 atmospheres, and after the air pressure of the inside of the oven is applied for 3 minutes, the air pressure is rapidly released through a rapid air vent provided in the drying chamber container, and the caragana mixture is dried and puffed, which further reduces the tannin content of the caragana.
According to the dried caragana microphylla powder formed in the above examples, as a raw material of a complete pellet feed, a complete feed processing process is carried out with caragana microphylla as a main component, comprising the dried caragana microphylla powder produced in examples 1 to 6, and the complete pellet feed comprises the following components:
example 7: dried caragana microphylla powder: 65kg, wheat bran: 8kg, corn: 12kg, stone powder: 0.3kg, sodium hydrogen phosphate: 0.5kg of salt: 0.5kg, additives: 0.5kg, soybean meal: 3kg; according to the proportion, the components are fully mixed and then sent into a granulator, the dried caragana microphylla powder and the mixture are extruded in the granulating process of the granulator, and meanwhile, the water contained in the dried caragana microphylla powder is extruded in further parts and is reduced to be less than 12% of the components of the caragana microphylla; the full-valence granule finished product taking caragana microphylla as the main component is prepared.
Example 8: dried caragana microphylla powder: 68 kg, wheat bran: 10 kg, corn: 15 kg, stone powder: 0.35 kg, sodium hydrogen phosphate: 1.0 kg, salt: 0.65 kg, additives: 1.0 kg, soybean meal: 4 kg; according to the proportion, the components are fully mixed and then sent into a granulator, the dried caragana microphylla powder and the mixture are extruded in the granulating process of the granulator, and meanwhile, the water contained in the dried caragana microphylla powder is extruded in further parts and is reduced to be less than 12% of the components of the caragana microphylla; the full-valence granule finished product taking caragana microphylla as the main component is prepared.
Example 9: dried caragana microphylla powder: 72kg, wheat bran: 12kg, corn: 18kg, stone powder: 0.4kg, sodium hydrogen phosphate: 1.5kg of salt: 0.8kg, additives: 1.5kg, soybean meal: 5kg; according to the proportion, the components are fully mixed and then sent into a granulator, the dried caragana microphylla powder and the mixture are extruded in the granulating process of the granulator, and meanwhile, the water contained in the dried caragana microphylla powder is extruded in further parts and is reduced to be less than 12% of the components of the caragana microphylla; the full-valence granule finished product taking caragana microphylla as the main component is prepared.
In the above examples 7-9, the main components of the additive were: vitamins, flavorants and yeasts; in the granulating process of the granulator, the pressure of a plurality of MP or even tens MP is applied to the dried caragana microphylla powder and the mixture, and the dried caragana microphylla powder can further remove part of tannin in the caragana microphylla powder under the action of high pressure by extrusion of the granulator, so that the palatability of the caragana microphylla and mixed feed is further improved.
Because the state has the benefit of supplementing the stubble of the caragana microphylla, the cost of the obtained caragana microphylla branches and leaves is extremely low, and the ingredients of the raw material of the pellet feed prepared by adopting the method disclosed by the invention are caragana microphylla, which is more than 30% of the mixing proportion of the caragana microphylla in the prior art, so that the feed processing cost is low, and meanwhile, additional value-added products such as caragana microphylla plant ash or caragana microphylla pellet fuel are produced, 100% of conversion and utilization of caragana microphylla plants are realized, and meanwhile, the heat energy expenditure of drying is reduced, so that considerable economic benefits can be brought.
The scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but various modifications and alterations of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art, and any modifications, improvements and equivalents within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for reducing the content of tannin and xylem in caragana microphylla, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Collecting and removing impurities from the caragana microphylla original plants picked by stumping;
(2) Primary crushing the caragana microphylla original plant in a mechanical mode, and crushing the plant into 2-25cm mixed fragments containing xylem and tender branch leaves;
(3) Feeding the mixed fragments into a winnowing machine for winnowing, and separating the mixed fragments into two parts, namely a xylem part and a tender branch leaf part;
(4) Delivering the separated xylem into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion, and collecting plant ash generated after combustion;
(5) Mixing plant ash into the separated tender branch leaf to form a mixed part of the plant ash and the tender branch leaf; the mixing part comprises the following steps of (by weight portion) mixing plant ash in the step (4) with distilled water according to the ratio of 2-18:98-82, mixing, dissolving and filtering to obtain a plant ash water solution, wherein the plant ash water solution is 1 part by mass, and the plant ash water solution is 1-5 parts by mass, and the plant ash water solution is atomized and sprayed to tender branch and leaf parts;
(6) Feeding the mixed part into a pulverizer for secondary pulverization to form flocculent caragana microphylla powder part with the diameter smaller than 1.2 mm;
(7) Delivering the caragana microphylla powder part into a drying chamber of a dryer, drying for 3-10 minutes at 140-280 ℃ and discharging to form dry caragana microphylla powder with the water content of less than 15%; feeding the dried caragana microphylla powder into a granulator to prepare granules with the water content of less than 12%;
the heat source of the dryer is provided by the heat energy generated by the combustion of the xylem in the step (4); the drying chamber of the dryer is a sealing device, the internal pressure born by the drying chamber is greater than 8 atmospheres, the drying chamber is provided with a rapid air release device, the sealed drying chamber is heated in the process of evaporating the water-containing part of the tender branch and leaf part in the mixture to be dried in the interior and gradually lifting the pressure in the furnace, after the pressure acts for a period of time, the pressure is rapidly released through the rapid air release opening arranged on the drying chamber, the mixing part is puffed in the process of decompression, and the tannin in the caragana microphylla is further reduced.
2. The method for reducing tannin and xylem content in caragana microphylla as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mixing section is formed by adding soda to a plant ash aqueous solution to form a plant ash/soda mixed aqueous solution, and adjusting the pH of the solution to 10-12 by adjusting the ratio of distilled water.
3. The method for reducing tannin and xylem content in caragana microphylla according to claim 1, wherein said mixing section is formed by adding one or more of caustic soda, slaked lime and polyethylene glycol to a plant ash aqueous solution, and adjusting the pH of the solution to 10-12 by adjusting the proportion of distilled water.
4. The method for reducing tannin and xylem content of caragana microphylla according to claim 3, wherein the xylem component of other types of crops is mixed in the xylem.
5. The method for reducing tannin and xylem content of caragana microphylla according to claim 1 or 4, wherein in step (4), said xylem is processed into bio-particulate fuel or processed into other forms suitable for combustion, and then fed into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion and providing drying heat energy.
6. The method for reducing tannin and xylem content of caragana microphylla as claimed in claim 5, wherein the surplus plant ash generated by burning the xylem is collected and packaged for disposal.
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| CN1269152A (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-11 | 包·哈森其其格 | Process for processing intermediate peashrub herb powder |
| CN102823724A (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2012-12-19 | 赵贵喜 | Caragana microphylla pellet feed |
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| CN101348804B (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2011-06-15 | 北京林业大学 | Method for separating main ingredients of arboret stalk by low-intensity steam explosion |
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| CN1269152A (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-10-11 | 包·哈森其其格 | Process for processing intermediate peashrub herb powder |
| CN102823724A (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2012-12-19 | 赵贵喜 | Caragana microphylla pellet feed |
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