CN102578368A - Preparation method of edible fungus chaff feed - Google Patents
Preparation method of edible fungus chaff feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN102578368A CN102578368A CN2011104433910A CN201110443391A CN102578368A CN 102578368 A CN102578368 A CN 102578368A CN 2011104433910 A CN2011104433910 A CN 2011104433910A CN 201110443391 A CN201110443391 A CN 201110443391A CN 102578368 A CN102578368 A CN 102578368A
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of edible fungus chaff feed, which comprises the steps, grinding dried edible fungus chaff, sieving, evenly mixing after adding an auxiliary material, then adding water and adjusting moisture content well, placing the edible fungus chaff in a twin-screw extrusion bulking machine to be extruded and bulked, drying to a certain moisture after bulking, and preparing the edible fungus chaff feed. The preparation method is simple to operate, high in production efficiency and capable of saving grains. The edible fungus chaff feed prepared by the method is rich in nutrition and good in palatability, the feed intake is increased, and the edible fungus chaff feed can serve as complete feed or a feed nutrition additive for livestock.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of edible fungus bran feed, belongs to the edible mushroom processing technique field.
Background technology:
In China, the raw materials for production of edible mushroom mainly are the byproducts such as cotton seed hulls, wood sawdust, straw, corncob, bagasse and multiple kinds of crops stalk that agriculture and forestry produce.Edible fungus bran can be described as mushroom residue, mushroom slag and bacterium slag etc. again, is to be primary raw material with cotton seed hulls, wood chip, straw, corncob or multiple kinds of crops stalk, industrial waste, produces discarded solid medium behind the edible mushroom.After the enzymolysis through the various enzymes of edible mushroom myceliums secretion of these composts, macromolecular substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein are all by in various degree degraded and utilization.And crude protein and content of crude fat improve; And be rich in several kinds of mineral elements such as amino acid, polysaccharide and calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc; Also produced organic acid and bioactivator etc. simultaneously, this has just increased the content of nutritional labeling in the bacterium chaff.China is for the processing of useless bacterium chaff; Except that the further processing and utilization of minority bacterium chaff quilt; Most bacterium chaffs remain discarded or carry out combustion (of oil) insitu, have so not only wasted resource but also have polluted environment, have wasted the biomass energy and the utility that are rich in the bacterium chaff again.Some place directly is poured over the korneforos with the bacterium chaff, has caused blocking up of river dead with the large tracts of land of wild fish, heavy damage local natural environment, also caused enormous economic loss.At present, the mushroom industry development produces a large amount of bacterium chaffs rapidly.The handling problem of a large amount of solid waste bacterium chaffs becomes one of key factor that influences the mushroom industry sustainable development.How to handle the bacterium chaff and become the important topic that the edible mushroom industry is badly in need of solution.Therefore, though the bacterium chaff has passed through the utilization of edible mushroom and has been absorbed most nutriment, as biomass waste, the organic substance that is wherein contained, nitrogen and all kinds of trace elements etc. still quite enrich.At present, the edible fungus bran mode that is used as feed mainly contain directly feed, feed behind the compost fermentation and allocate after feed.Because the edible fungus bran feed that these modes prepare is not done maturation process to the bacterium chaff well, so palatability is relatively poor, feed intake is few, and rate of body weight gain is low, to such an extent as to long at the growth cycle of being raised poultry, fowl, fish, shrimps.
Extruding and puffing technology has played very important effect in feed processing, can increase the effects such as palatability, digestibility and feed intake of feed.Extruding and puffing technology is a kind of puffing technique that utilizes extruder that raw material is merged to carry out together (comprising compression, mixing, mixing, fusion, expanded, moulding) under several kinds of process conditions.The advantage of extrusion is: raw material makes the active passivation of starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, ANFs and toxin under the synergy of TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE, high pressure and mechanical shear stress, and degraded cellulose class material also makes sterilization more abundant simultaneously.Adopt extruding and puffing technology, raw material is preliminary pulverize and mix after, can in extruding, once accomplish technologies such as mixing, slaking, fragmentation, sterilization, moulding.At present extruder mainly contains the extruder of two types of single screw rod and twin-screws.Twin (double) screw extruder has incomparable advantage with respect to single-screw extrusion machine, and wide, the high slaking of its range of work, automatically cleaning ability be strong, control advantage such as stable gradually by everybody approval.Can better be brought into play for requiring than higher food service industry these advantages of twin (double) screw extruder.Utilize the less of extruding and puffing technology processing and eating bacterium edible fungi residue feed aspect research now, the report that utilizes single screw extrusion technology processing and eating bacterium edible fungi residue feed is only arranged.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of edible fungus bran feed.Be to utilize the twin-screw extruding and puffing technology to prepare a kind of method of edible fungus bran feed.The principle of the invention is to utilize the mixture of expanded edible fungus bran of twin-screw extruder and auxiliary material earlier; Raw material is under the synergy of TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE, high pressure and mechanical shear stress; Make the active passivation of starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, ANFs and toxin; Degraded part cellulose substances can further improve feed intake and the rate of body weight gain of livestock and poultry; Simultaneously, the TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE in the extrusion pressing puffing process, high pressure also can play the effect of sterilization, prevent the infringement of germ.The inventive method is simple to operate, and production efficiency is high, also can save food.The present invention has certain versatility, and the inventive method is applicable to be utilized single or mixed edible bacterium bacterium chaff prepares animal and fowl fodder.Can be used as complete feed or feed supplement use through the prepared feed of the inventive method.
Summary of the invention:
The preparation method who the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of edible fungus bran feed.This method is that the edible fungus bran of drying is pulverized and sieved, and then stirs after adding auxiliary material, after then adding water and adjusting its moisture; Put into twin-screw extruder again and carry out extrusion; Treat expanded after, be dried to certain moisture, promptly be prepared into edible fungus bran feed.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of edible fungus bran feed, and this method comprises the steps:
1) preliminary treatment of edible fungus bran: elder generation pulverizes the edible fungus bran of drying and crosses 60～120 mesh sieves, obtains the edible fungus bran powder.
2) allotment: gained edible fungus bran powder in the step 1) is mixed by certain mass percent with the auxiliary material component, and stir, after then adding water and adjusting its water content to 10～38%, promptly obtain expanded raw material.
Wherein, the component of said auxiliary material has corn flour, farina, salt, sucrose; Consisting of of the mass percent of said pulverizing back edible fungus bran powder and auxiliary material component: edible fungus bran powder 81～95%, corn flour 2～6%, farina 2～4%, coixlacrymajobi powder 1～3%, salt 0.2～1.2%, sucrose 0～4.8%.
3) extrusion: configure the twin-screw extruder running parameter earlier, treat twin-screw extruder reach set the running parameter requirement after, with step 2) the expanded raw material that obtains puts into twin-screw extruder and carries out extrusion.
Wherein, the running parameter of said twin-screw extruder is: screw speed is 100～300rpm; Charging rate is 40～120kg/h; Machine barrel/or the sleeve temperature be 100～235 ℃; Nib/or the die orifice diameter be 2～8mm.
4) drying: the material behind the extrusion in the step 3) is carried out drying, its water content is reached till 5～12%, promptly be prepared into edible fungus bran feed.
Edible fungus bran feed through the present invention is prepared is nutritious, good palatability, and feed intake increases, and the complete feed or the feed supplement that can be used as livestock and poultry use.
Specific embodiment:
Through specific embodiment processing method of the present invention is described below, but the present invention does not limit to therewith.Method described in the following embodiment like no specified otherwise, is conventional method; Said reagent and material and facility like no specified otherwise, all can obtain from commercial sources.
The preparation of 1. 1 kinds of growing and fattening pigs full prices of embodiment edible fungus bran feed
1) preliminary treatment of edible fungus bran: elder generation pulverizes the flat mushroom bacterium chaff of drying and crosses 80 mesh sieves, obtains the edible fungus bran powder.
2) allotment: gained edible fungus bran powder in the step 1) is mixed by certain mass percent with the auxiliary material component, and stir, after then adding water and adjusting its water content to 15%, promptly obtain expanded raw material.
Wherein, the component of auxiliary material has corn flour, farina, salt, sucrose; Consisting of of the mass percent of said pulverizing back edible fungus bran powder and auxiliary material component: edible fungus bran powder 86%, corn flour 6%, farina 4%, coixlacrymajobi powder 3%, salt 1%, sucrose 0%.
3) extrusion: configure the twin-screw extruder running parameter earlier, treat twin-screw extruder reach set the running parameter requirement after, with step 2) the expanded raw material that obtains puts into twin-screw extruder and carries out extrusion.
Wherein, the running parameter of said twin-screw extruder is: screw speed is 150rpm; Charging rate is 80kg/h; Machine barrel/or the sleeve temperature be 125 ℃; Nib/or the die orifice diameter be 4mm.
4) drying: the material behind the extrusion in the step 3) is carried out drying, its water content is reached till 12%, promptly be prepared into edible fungus bran feed.
The comparison of the different fattening pannages of table 1.
Annotate: 6 of every experimental group, fattened for 4 weeks altogether; The raw material of experimental group 2,3 is formed identical with the raw material composition of experimental group 1 in the table; Edible fungus bran is with a kind of flat mushroom bacterium chaff in the table.The mode of feeding is a wet-mixing material mode, and every kind of feed adds water 100ml/kg feed.
From table 1, can find out: under the situation of same day feeding capacity; The daily ingestion amount of feed of the present invention is apparently higher than not extrusion edible fungi residue feed and single screw extrusion edible fungus bran feed; And feedstuff-meat ratio is 2.31; The efficiency of feed utilization that the inventive method preparation is described is higher, can be used as the complete feed of growing and fattening pigs.
The preparation of 2. 1 kinds of fattening beef cattle edible fungus bran feeds of embodiment
1) preliminary treatment of edible fungus bran: earlier the glossy ganoderma bacterium chaff and the flat mushroom bacterium chaff of drying are pressed arbitrary proportion mixing back pulverizing and crossed 60 mesh sieves, obtain the edible fungus bran powder.
2) allotment: gained edible fungus bran powder in the step 1) is mixed by certain mass percent with the auxiliary material component, and stir, after then adding water and adjusting its water content to 20%, promptly obtain expanded raw material.
Wherein, the component of auxiliary material has corn flour, farina, salt, sucrose; Consisting of of the mass percent of said pulverizing back edible fungus bran powder and auxiliary material component: edible fungus bran powder 89%, corn flour 4%, farina 2%, coixlacrymajobi powder 1%, salt 1%, sucrose 3%.
3) extrusion: configure the twin-screw extruder running parameter earlier, treat twin-screw extruder reach set the running parameter requirement after, with step 2) the expanded raw material that obtains puts into twin-screw extruder and carries out extrusion.
Wherein, the running parameter of said twin-screw extruder is: screw speed is 170rpm; Charging rate is 120kg/h; Machine barrel/or the sleeve temperature be 115 ℃; Nib/or the die orifice diameter be 8mm.
4) drying: the material behind the extrusion in the step 3) is carried out drying, its water content is reached till 12%, promptly be prepared into edible fungus bran feed.
The comparison of the different fattening beef cattle feeds of table 2.
Annotate: 3 of every experimental group, fattened for 3 weeks altogether; The raw material of experimental group 2,3 is formed identical with the raw material composition of experimental group 1 in the table; Edible fungus bran is identical bacterium chaff in the table.The mode of feeding is the siccative feeding.
From table 2, can find out: under the situation of same day feeding capacity; The daily ingestion amount of feed of the present invention is apparently higher than not extrusion edible fungi residue feed and single screw extrusion edible fungus bran feed; And feedstuff-meat ratio is 2.07; The efficiency of feed utilization that the inventive method preparation is described is higher, can be used as the complete feed or the concentrated feed of fattening beef cattle.
The preparation of 3. 1 kinds of eaten by broilers bacterium of embodiment edible fungi residue feed
1) preliminary treatment of edible fungus bran: earlier the straw mushroom bacterium chaff of drying is pressed arbitrary proportion and mix the back pulverizing and cross 100 mesh sieves, obtain the edible fungus bran powder.
2) allotment: gained edible fungus bran powder in the step 1) is mixed by certain mass percent with the auxiliary material component, and stir, after then adding water and adjusting its water content to 16%, promptly obtain expanded raw material.
Wherein, the component of auxiliary material has corn flour, farina, salt, sucrose; Consisting of of the mass percent of said pulverizing back edible fungus bran powder and auxiliary material component: edible fungus bran powder 95%, corn flour 2%, farina 1%, coixlacrymajobi powder 1%, salt 1%, sucrose 0.5%.
3) extrusion: configure the twin-screw extruder running parameter earlier, treat twin-screw extruder reach set the running parameter requirement after, with step 2) the expanded raw material that obtains puts into twin-screw extruder and carries out extrusion.
Wherein, the running parameter of said twin-screw extruder is: screw speed is 150rpm; Charging rate is 100kg/h; Machine barrel/or the sleeve temperature be 35 ℃; Nib/or the die orifice diameter be 6mm.
4) drying: the material behind the extrusion in the step 3) is carried out drying, its water content is reached till 8%, promptly be prepared into edible fungus bran feed.
The comparison of the different broiler fodders of table 3.
Annotate: 6 of every experimental group, fattened for 2 weeks altogether; The raw material of experimental group 2,3 is formed identical with the raw material composition of experimental group 1 in the table; Edible fungus bran is identical bacterium chaff in the table.The mode of feeding is the siccative feeding.
From table 2, can find out: under the situation of same day feeding capacity; The daily ingestion amount of feed of the present invention is apparently higher than not extrusion edible fungi residue feed and single screw extrusion edible fungus bran feed; And feedstuff-meat ratio is 1.77; The efficiency of feed utilization that the inventive method preparation is described is higher, can be used as the complete feed or the concentrated feed of fattening fryer.
Claims (9)
1. the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of edible fungus bran feed, and this method comprises the steps:
1) preliminary treatment of edible fungus bran: elder generation pulverizes the edible fungus bran of drying and crosses 60～120 mesh sieves, obtains the edible fungus bran powder.
2) allotment: gained edible fungus bran powder in the step 1) is mixed by certain mass percent with the auxiliary material component, and stir, after then adding water and adjusting its water content to 10～38%, promptly obtain expanded raw material.
Wherein, the component of said auxiliary material has corn flour, farina, salt, sucrose; Consisting of of the mass percent of said pulverizing back edible fungus bran powder and auxiliary material component: edible fungus bran powder 81～95%, corn flour 2～6%, farina 2～4%, coixlacrymajobi powder 1～3%, salt 0.2～1.2%, sucrose 0～4.8%.
3) extrusion: configure the twin-screw extruder running parameter earlier, treat twin-screw extruder reach set the running parameter requirement after, with step 2) the expanded raw material that obtains puts into twin-screw extruder and carries out extrusion.
Wherein, the running parameter of said twin-screw extruder is: screw speed is 100～300rpm; Charging rate is 40～120kg/h; Machine barrel/or the sleeve temperature be 100～235 ℃; Nib/or the die orifice diameter be 2～8mm.
4) drying: the material behind the extrusion in the step 3) is carried out drying, its water content is reached till 5～12%, promptly be prepared into edible fungus bran feed.
2. according to the method described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: edible fungus bran described in the claim 1 can be any or several kinds of edible fungus brans in glossy ganoderma, flat mushroom, mushroom, straw mushroom, Asparagus, Pleurotus nebrodensis, two spore mushroom, the coprinus comatus.
3. according to the method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: edible fungus bran described in claim 1 and the claim 2 is pulverized the back and is crossed 60～120 mesh sieves.
4. according to arbitrary described method in the claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: the edible fungus bran powder mixes by certain mass percent with the auxiliary material component, and stirs, and then adds water adjustment its water content to 10～38%.
Wherein, the component of said auxiliary material has corn flour, farina, salt, sucrose; Consisting of of the mass percent of said pulverizing back edible fungus bran powder and auxiliary material component: edible fungus bran powder 81～95%, corn flour 2～6%, farina 2～4%, coixlacrymajobi powder 1～3%, salt 0.2～1.2%, sucrose 0～4.8%.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the screw speed described in the step 3) in the claim 1 in the running parameter of twin-screw extruder is 100～300rpm.
6. according to the method described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: the charging rate described in the step 3) in the claim 1 in the running parameter of twin-screw extruder is 40～120kg/h.
7. according to arbitrary described method in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: the machine barrel described in the step 3) in the claim 1 in the running parameter of twin (double) screw extruder/or the sleeve temperature be 100～235 ℃.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the nib described in the step 3) in the claim 1 in the running parameter of twin (double) screw extruder/or the die orifice diameter be nib/or the die orifice diameter be 2～8mm.
9. according to the method described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 4) is that the material behind the extrusion in the step 3) is carried out drying in the claim 1, and its water content is reached till 5～12%.
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Cited By (11)
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| CN102823734A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2012-12-19 | 福建农大菌草技术开发公司 | Application of grass-cultivated ganoderma lucidum dreg in dairy cattle feeding |
| CN102823735A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2012-12-19 | 福建农大菌草技术开发公司 | Application of aqueous extract of grass-cultivated ganoderma bacterium draff in dairy cow feeding |
| CN102919535A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-02-13 | 江苏省江大绿康生物工程技术研究有限公司 | Preparation method of health-care bio-feed additive |
| CN103330052A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-10-02 | 西藏现代农业有限公司 | Method for producing feed by utilizing highland edible fungi culture medium waste materials |
| CN103583827A (en) * | 2013-11-10 | 2014-02-19 | 河南科技学院 | Method for preparing feed additive by honeysuckle decoction dreg puffed material |
| CN104855680A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-08-26 | 河北工程大学 | Pleurotus nebrodensis fungus chaff fermented feed and processing technology thereof |
| CN106306409A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-01-11 | 龙岩学院 | White beech mushroom spent mushroom substrate fodder for feeding finishing pigs and production process thereof |
| CN107348214A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-11-17 | 合肥皖高特种家禽养殖科技有限公司 | A kind of feed for promoting goose growth containing edible fungus bran |
| CN108684935A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-10-23 | 广西艾尚嘉家居有限公司 | A method of using sawdust as raw material Fodder making additive |
| CN110250338A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-20 | 吉林前沅专用汽车制造股份有限公司 | It is a kind of using mushroom bran, chicken manure as the feed producing method of basis |
| CN110463835A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-19 | 西北师范大学 | A kind of edible fungi residue-clay mineral nutrition lap brick and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102823734A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2012-12-19 | 福建农大菌草技术开发公司 | Application of grass-cultivated ganoderma lucidum dreg in dairy cattle feeding |
| CN102823735A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2012-12-19 | 福建农大菌草技术开发公司 | Application of aqueous extract of grass-cultivated ganoderma bacterium draff in dairy cow feeding |
| CN102919535A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-02-13 | 江苏省江大绿康生物工程技术研究有限公司 | Preparation method of health-care bio-feed additive |
| CN103330052A (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2013-10-02 | 西藏现代农业有限公司 | Method for producing feed by utilizing highland edible fungi culture medium waste materials |
| CN103330052B (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2015-08-19 | 西藏现代农业有限公司 | A kind of method utilizing highland edible fungi culture medium waste material to produce feed |
| CN103583827A (en) * | 2013-11-10 | 2014-02-19 | 河南科技学院 | Method for preparing feed additive by honeysuckle decoction dreg puffed material |
| CN104855680A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-08-26 | 河北工程大学 | Pleurotus nebrodensis fungus chaff fermented feed and processing technology thereof |
| CN106306409A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-01-11 | 龙岩学院 | White beech mushroom spent mushroom substrate fodder for feeding finishing pigs and production process thereof |
| CN107348214A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-11-17 | 合肥皖高特种家禽养殖科技有限公司 | A kind of feed for promoting goose growth containing edible fungus bran |
| CN108684935A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-10-23 | 广西艾尚嘉家居有限公司 | A method of using sawdust as raw material Fodder making additive |
| CN110250338A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-20 | 吉林前沅专用汽车制造股份有限公司 | It is a kind of using mushroom bran, chicken manure as the feed producing method of basis |
| CN110463835A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-11-19 | 西北师范大学 | A kind of edible fungi residue-clay mineral nutrition lap brick and preparation method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20210112 Address after: No.26, Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192 Patentee after: Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences Address before: 300192 5-1-901 Hangyu apartment, Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin Patentee before: TIANJIN FORESTRY INSTITUTE OF FRUIT TREES |