CN111493230A - Fattening donkey feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Fattening donkey feed and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111493230A
CN111493230A CN202010328973.3A CN202010328973A CN111493230A CN 111493230 A CN111493230 A CN 111493230A CN 202010328973 A CN202010328973 A CN 202010328973A CN 111493230 A CN111493230 A CN 111493230A
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parts
fattening
donkey
feed
weight
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李伟
王佳辉
王芳
张智慧
江波涛
赵金波
黄萌
韩永胜
丁得利
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Abstract

A fattening donkey feed and a preparation method thereof relate to a donkey feed and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing donkey feed has high cost, low feed utilization rate and too soft feed, the absorption and digestion of the donkey on the feed are influenced, the fattening effect of the donkey is poor, andthe quality of donkey meat is low. A fattening donkey feed consists of coarse fodder and fine fodder in parts by weight; the coarse material consists of silage, straw, reed, ear of grain and ear of wheat; the concentrated material is prepared from steam-pressed corn, soybean meal, calcium carbonate, scallion powder, salt, sodium bicarbonate, vitamin A, and vitamin D3And lysine. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing materials; secondly, preparing a concentrate; thirdly, preparing coarse materials; and fourthly, mixing, sterilizing and packaging to obtain the fattening donkey feed. The invention can obtain the fattening donkey feed.

Description

Fattening donkey feed and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to donkey feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Donkey meat, belonging to the genus donkey of the family equines, has abundant nutritional value, the "Tianshanglong meat and overground donkey meat", which is the highest praise on donkey meat, the protein content of donkey meat is higher than that of mutton, pork, beef and other meat products, the protein content is 14.6 percent more than that of mutton, 15.8 percent more than that of pork, 16.9 percent more than that of beef and 21.1 percent more than that of chicken, while the fat content is the lowest of the meat, and is 40 percent, 32 percent and 14 percent lower than that of mutton, pork and beef respectively, and the cholesterol content is also the lowest. In addition, the donkey meat is also most abundant in amino acid content, and the content of 8 essential amino acids is the highest. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the donkey meat is obviously higher than that of other meats, is 1.3 times of mutton, 3.1 times of pork and 3.0 times of beef and 2.4 times of chicken, and is the highest among pork, beef, mutton and chicken, so that the donkey meat has good development prospect.
The number of artificially cultured donkeys is increasing, but the donkeys cannot be ruminated like cattle or sheep, so that the feed for culturing donkeys is required to meet the characteristics of dryness, hardness and brittleness, the donkey can be obstructed in the stomach and intestine by too soft forage, the normal digestion and absorption can be influenced slightly, and the donkey can be killed by the too hard forage.
The feed used in the existing donkey breeding process has unreasonable parts, such as high feed cost, low feed utilization rate, too soft feed, influence on the absorption and digestion of the donkey on the feed, poor donkey fattening effect and low donkey meat quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing donkey feed is high in cost, low in feed utilization rate, too soft, poor in donkey fattening effect and low in donkey meat quality, and the feed influences the absorption and digestion of donkey on the feed.
The fattening donkey feed consists of 100 parts of coarse fodder and 10-35 parts of fine fodder in parts by weight;
the coarse material consists of 20 to 40 parts of silage, 55 to 70 parts of cereal grass, 5 to 8 parts of reed, 6 to 12 parts of ear of grain and 3 to 5 parts of ear of grain according to the parts by weight;
the concentrated material comprises 55 to 58 portions of steam pressed corn, 20 to 23 portions of soybean meal, 1 to 4 portions of calcium carbonate, 5 to 10 portions of scallion powder, 1 to 1.5 portions of salt, 0.05 to 0.1 portion of baking soda, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of vitamin A and 0.03 to 0.05 portion of vitamin D according to the weight portion3And 0.5-1 part of lysine.
Further, the gelatinization degree of the steam-flaked corn is 65-75%, the moisture content is 11-13%, and the size is 0.5-1.5 mm;
further, the green Chinese onion powder is prepared by the following steps: collecting waste scallion leaves, cleaning and drying the waste scallion leaves, and finally crushing to obtain scallion powder;
further, the ears are mature ears;
further, the wheat ear is mature wheat ear;
further, the silage is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 100 parts of corn straw and 8-15 parts of Chinese cabbage according to parts by weight;
secondly, crushing 100 parts of the corn straws weighed in the first step to 2-4 cm in length, and cutting 8-15 parts of the Chinese cabbages weighed in the first step into small blocks with the length of 2-7 cm and the width of 1-4 cm;
thirdly, uniformly mixing the crushed corn straws with the cut Chinese cabbages to obtain a mixture; firstly, uniformly spraying fermentation liquor into the mixture, then compacting and sealing, finally carrying out anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for 7-15 days, and drying after fermentation is finished to obtain silage;
the moisture content of the silage in the step three is 15% -25%;
further, the moisture content of the corn straws in the step one is 65-75 percent;
further, the Chinese cabbage in the step one is a rotten and deteriorated waste Chinese cabbage;
further, the water content of the Chinese cabbage in the step one is 50-70%;
further, the fermentation liquor in the third step is prepared by mixing a beneficial and rich straw fermentation agent, brown sugar and water, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation agent to the brown sugar to the water is (0.7-1.2): (1.8-2.5): 18-26;
further, the mass ratio of the mixture to the fermentation liquor in the third step is (180-330): 0.8-1.3;
a preparation method of a fattening donkey feed is completed according to the following steps:
weighing 100 parts of coarse material and 10-35 parts of fine material according to parts by weight;
the coarse material consists of 20 to 40 parts of silage, 55 to 70 parts of cereal grass, 5 to 8 parts of reed, 6 to 12 parts of ear of grain and 3 to 5 parts of ear of grain according to the parts by weight;
the concentrated material comprises 55 to 58 portions of steam pressed corn, 20 to 23 portions of soybean meal, 1 to 4 portions of calcium carbonate, 5 to 10 portions of scallion powder, 1 to 1.5 portions of salt, 0.05 to 0.1 portion of baking soda, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of vitamin A and 0.03 to 0.05 portion of vitamin D according to the weight portion3And 0.5 to 1 part of lysine;
secondly, drying the bean pulp and the green Chinese onion powder weighed in the first step until the water content is 10% -15%, and then mixing the stepsA steam-pressed corn, calcium carbonate, salt, sodium bicarbonate, vitamin A, and vitamin D3Mixing with lysine to obtain refined material;
thirdly, cutting the cereal grass, the reed, the cereal ears and the wheat ears weighed in the first step to the length of 2-4 cm, and then uniformly mixing the cut cereal grass, the reed, the cereal ears and the wheat ears with the silage weighed in the first step to obtain coarse fodder;
and fourthly, uniformly mixing the concentrated feed prepared in the second step and the coarse feed prepared in the third step, sterilizing and packaging to obtain the fattening donkey feed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the donkey feed disclosed by the invention uses the cereal grass, the reeds, the cereal ears and the wheat ears, meets the characteristics of dryness, hardness and brittleness, and the reeds are rich in vitamins and mineral elements, so that rich nutrient substances are provided for donkey;
the silage is prepared by utilizing fresh corn straws and Chinese cabbages, under the action of microorganisms, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the corn straws are subjected to enzymolysis, the palatability of the straws is improved, the animal feed intake is increased, and meanwhile, the cellulose and the hemicellulose in the corn straws are partially decomposed by the microorganisms and are converted into sugars and fats, so that the contents of carbohydrates and fatty acids in the straws are improved, the nutritional value of the straws is improved, but the content of organic acids is obviously increased, therefore, a proper amount of baking soda is added to neutralize the acidity, the digestion of donkeys is facilitated, and the palatability is improved;
thirdly, the fattening donkey feed contains green onion powder, the green onion powder is collected waste green onion leaves, the waste green onion leaves are cleaned, dried and finally crushed to obtain the green onion powder; because the green Chinese onions can generate a large amount of waste green Chinese onion leaves which account for more than 30 percent of the amount of the green Chinese onions in the harvesting and processing process, the waste green Chinese onion leaves are utilized, the energy waste is avoided, the green Chinese onion leaves are prevented from rotting to pollute the environment, and the cost of the feed is reduced; in addition, the scallion is an alkaline substance, can neutralize the acidity in the silage, also contains components such as fat, saccharides, carotene and the like, vitamin B, vitamin C, nicotinic acid, calcium, magnesium, iron and the like, has rich nutritive value, and also has obvious functions of resisting bacteria and viruses;
the waste Chinese cabbages are utilized in the silage prepared by the invention, because the waste Chinese cabbages as wastes pollute the environment and waste energy, the Chinese cabbages contain rich crude fibers, vitamins and some trace elements, have high water content and poor digestibility, and cannot be directly fed to donkeys, therefore, the waste Chinese cabbages are used as raw materials of the silage, the crude fibers are degraded by microorganisms, and meanwhile, the prepared silage is dried and is suitable for eating by donkeys and high-efficiency absorption by the donkeys;
the steam-flaked corn is used as a raw material in the preparation of the concentrate, the use amount of the corn can be reduced by 10-18% by using the steam-flaked corn, the absorptivity of the fed livestock can be increased by using the steam-flaked corn, and the residue discharged by animal wastes can be reduced, so that the corn is completely digested and absorbed, and meanwhile, the steam-flaked corn conforms to the characteristics of dryness, hardness and crispness and is suitable for donkey to eat;
the fattening donkey feed prepared by the invention is rich in nutrition, improves the growth speed of donkey, has a certain enhancement effect on the immunity of donkey, can also improve the meat quality of donkey, and has a positive promotion effect on the donkey feeding industry;
seventh, the fattening donkey feed prepared by the invention has low cost and high feed utilization rate, and is suitable for donkey to absorb and digest feed.
The invention can obtain the fattening donkey feed.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention comprises but is not limited to the following specific embodiments and any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is that the fattening donkey feed consists of 100 parts of coarse fodder and 10-35 parts of fine fodder according to parts by weight;
the coarse material consists of 20 to 40 parts of silage, 55 to 70 parts of cereal grass, 5 to 8 parts of reed, 6 to 12 parts of ear of grain and 3 to 5 parts of ear of grain according to the parts by weight;
the concentrated material comprises 55 to 58 portions of steam pressed corn, 20 to 23 portions of soybean meal, 1 to 4 portions of calcium carbonate, 5 to 10 portions of scallion powder, 1 to 1.5 portions of salt, 0.05 to 0.1 portion of baking soda, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of vitamin A and 0.03 to 0.05 portion of vitamin D according to the weight portion3And 0.5-1 part of lysine.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the present embodiment in that: the fattening donkey feed consists of 100 parts of coarse fodder and 15-25 parts of fine fodder in parts by weight;
the coarse material consists of 25 to 35 parts of silage, 60 to 65 parts of cereal grass, 6 to 8 parts of reed, 8 to 10 parts of ear of grain and 3 to 4 parts of ear of grain according to the parts by weight;
the concentrated material comprises 55 to 57 portions of steam pressed corn, 22 to 23 portions of soybean meal, 2 to 3 portions of calcium carbonate, 7 to 9 portions of scallion powder, 1 to 1.5 portions of salt, 0.05 to 0.08 portion of baking soda, 0.4 to 0.5 portion of vitamin A and 0.04 to 0.05 portion of vitamin D according to the weight portion3And 0.7 to 0.8 portion of lysine. Other steps are the same as in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: a fattening donkey feed consists of 100 parts of coarse fodder and 15 parts of fine fodder in parts by weight;
the coarse material consists of 25 parts of silage, 65 parts of cereal grass, 6 parts of reed, 8 parts of cereal ears and 3 parts of wheat ears in parts by weight;
the concentrated material comprises 55 parts of steam-pressed corn, 23 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of calcium carbonate, 8 parts of scallion powder, 1.5 parts of salt, 0.08 part of baking soda, 0.4 part of vitamin A and 0.04 part of vitamin D in parts by weight3And 0.7 part of lysine. The other steps are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is as follows: a fattening donkey feed consists of 100 parts of coarse fodder and 20 parts of fine fodder in parts by weight;
the coarse material consists of 30 parts of silage, 60 parts of cereal grass, 8 parts of reed, 10 parts of cereal ear and 4 parts of wheat ear in parts by weight;
the concentrated material comprises 56 parts of steam-pressed corn, 23 parts of soybean meal, 2.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 10 parts of scallion powder, 1.5 parts of salt, 0.06 part of baking soda, 0.5 part of vitamin A and 0.05 part of vitamin D in parts by weight3And 1 part lysine. The other steps are the same as those in the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the gelatinization degree of the steam-flaked corn is 65-75%, the moisture content is 11-13%, and the size is 0.5-1.5 mm; the green Chinese onion powder is prepared by the following steps: collecting waste scallion leaves, cleaning and drying the waste scallion leaves, and finally crushing to obtain scallion powder; the ears are mature ears; the wheat ear is mature wheat ear. The other steps are the same as those in the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is as follows: the silage is prepared by the following steps:
weighing 100 parts of corn straw and 8-15 parts of Chinese cabbage according to parts by weight;
secondly, crushing 100 parts of the corn straws weighed in the first step to 2-4 cm in length, and cutting 8-15 parts of the Chinese cabbages weighed in the first step into small blocks with the length of 2-7 cm and the width of 1-4 cm;
thirdly, uniformly mixing the crushed corn straws with the cut Chinese cabbages to obtain a mixture; firstly, uniformly spraying fermentation liquor into the mixture, then compacting and sealing, finally carrying out anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for 7-15 days, and drying after fermentation is finished to obtain silage;
the silage prepared in the third step has the water content of 15-25%. The other steps are the same as those in the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the moisture content of the corn straws in the step one is 65-75 percent; the Chinese cabbage is waste Chinese cabbage without rotting and deterioration; the water content of the Chinese cabbage in the step one is 50-70%. The other steps are the same as those in the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to seventh embodiments is: the fermentation liquor in the third step is prepared by mixing a beneficial and rich straw fermentation agent, brown sugar and water, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation agent to the brown sugar to the water is (0.7-1.2) - (1.8-2.5) - (18-26). The other steps are the same as those in the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the difference between this embodiment and the first to eighth embodiments is: the mass ratio of the mixture to the fermentation liquor in the third step is (180-330) to (0.8-1.3); the Yifu source straw leavening agent in the step three is purchased from Zhengzhou Yifu source biological technology limited company. The other steps are the same as those in the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the embodiment is a preparation method of a fattening donkey feed, which is completed according to the following steps:
weighing 100 parts of coarse material and 10-35 parts of fine material according to parts by weight;
the coarse material consists of 20 to 40 parts of silage, 55 to 70 parts of cereal grass, 5 to 8 parts of reed, 6 to 12 parts of ear of grain and 3 to 5 parts of ear of grain according to the parts by weight;
the concentrated material comprises 55 to 58 portions of steam pressed corn, 20 to 23 portions of soybean meal, 1 to 4 portions of calcium carbonate, 5 to 10 portions of scallion powder, 1 to 1.5 portions of salt, 0.05 to 0.1 portion of baking soda, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of vitamin A and 0.03 to 0.05 portion of vitamin D according to the weight portion3And 0.5 to 1 part of lysine;
secondly, drying the bean pulp and the green Chinese onion powder weighed in the step one until the water content is 10% -15%, and then tabletting the dried bean pulp and the green Chinese onion powder with the steam weighed in the step one to obtain the corn, the calcium carbonate, the salt, the baking soda, the vitamin A and the vitamin D3Mixing with lysine to obtain refined material;
thirdly, cutting the cereal grass, the reed, the cereal ears and the wheat ears weighed in the first step to the length of 2-4 cm, and then uniformly mixing the cut cereal grass, the reed, the cereal ears and the wheat ears with the silage weighed in the first step to obtain coarse fodder;
and fourthly, uniformly mixing the concentrated feed prepared in the second step and the coarse feed prepared in the third step, sterilizing and packaging to obtain the fattening donkey feed.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment are as follows:
the donkey feed of the embodiment uses the cereal grass, the reed, the cereal ear and the wheat ear, meets the characteristics of dryness, hardness and crispness, and the reed is rich in vitamins and mineral elements, so that rich nutrient substances are provided for donkey;
the silage is prepared by utilizing fresh corn straws and Chinese cabbages, under the action of microorganisms, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the corn straws are subjected to enzymolysis, the palatability of the straws is improved, the animal feed intake is increased, and meanwhile, the cellulose and the hemicellulose in the corn straws are partially decomposed by the microorganisms and are converted into sugars and fats, so that the contents of carbohydrates and fatty acids in the straws are improved, the nutritional value of the straws is improved, but the content of organic acids is obviously increased, therefore, a proper amount of baking soda is added to neutralize acidity, the digestion of donkeys is facilitated, and the palatability is improved;
thirdly, the fattening donkey feed contains the green onion powder, the green onion powder is collected waste green onion leaves, the waste green onion leaves are cleaned, dried and finally crushed to obtain the green onion powder; because the green Chinese onions can generate a large amount of waste green Chinese onion leaves which account for more than 30 percent of the amount of the green Chinese onions in the harvesting and processing process, the waste green Chinese onion leaves are utilized, the energy waste is avoided, the green Chinese onion leaves are prevented from rotting to pollute the environment, and the cost of the feed is reduced; in addition, the scallion is an alkaline substance, can neutralize the acidity in the silage, also contains components such as fat, saccharides, carotene and the like, vitamin B, vitamin C, nicotinic acid, calcium, magnesium, iron and the like, has rich nutritive value, and also has obvious functions of resisting bacteria and viruses;
the waste Chinese cabbages are utilized in the silage prepared by the embodiment, because the waste Chinese cabbages are used as wastes to pollute the environment and waste energy, the Chinese cabbages contain rich crude fibers, vitamins and some trace elements, have high water content and poor digestibility and cannot be directly fed to donkeys, therefore, the waste Chinese cabbages are used as raw materials of the silage, the crude fibers are degraded by microorganisms, and meanwhile, the prepared silage is dried and is suitable for eating by the donkeys and being efficiently absorbed by the donkeys;
the steam-flaked corn is used as a raw material in the preparation of the concentrate, the use amount of the corn can be reduced by 10-18% by using the steam-flaked corn, the absorptivity of the fed livestock can be increased by using the steam-flaked corn, and the residue discharged by animal wastes can be reduced, so that the corn is completely digested and absorbed, and meanwhile, the steam-flaked corn conforms to the characteristics of dryness, hardness and crispness and is suitable for donkey to eat;
the fattening donkey feed prepared by the embodiment is rich in nutrition, the growth speed of donkey is increased, the immunity of donkey is enhanced to a certain extent, the meat quality of donkey can be improved, and the feed has a positive promoting effect on the donkey feeding industry;
seventh, the fattening donkey feed prepared by the embodiment is low in cost, high in feed utilization rate and suitable for donkey to absorb and digest the feed.
The embodiment can obtain the fattening donkey feed.
The following specific examples are given by way of illustration of the embodiments of the present invention and are intended to provide detailed illustrations and specific procedures, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The first embodiment is as follows: a fattening donkey feed consists of 100 parts of coarse fodder and 15 parts of fine fodder in parts by weight;
the coarse material consists of 25 parts of silage, 65 parts of cereal grass, 6 parts of reed, 8 parts of cereal ears and 3 parts of wheat ears in parts by weight;
the concentrated material comprises 55 parts of steam-pressed corn, 23 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of calcium carbonate, 8 parts of scallion powder, 1.5 parts of salt, 0.08 part of baking soda, 0.4 part of vitamin A and 0.04 part of vitamin D in parts by weight3And 0.7 part of lysine;
the gelatinization degree of the steam-flaked corn is 65%, the water content is 13%, and the size is 0.5 mm-1.5 mm; said
The scallion powder is prepared by the following steps: collecting waste scallion leaves, cleaning and drying the waste scallion leaves, and finally crushing to obtain scallion powder; the ears are mature ears; the wheat ear is mature wheat ear;
the silage is prepared by the following steps:
①, weighing 100 parts of corn stalk and 12 parts of Chinese cabbage according to the parts by weight;
the moisture content of the corn straws in the step ① is 65-75%, and the Chinese cabbage is waste Chinese cabbage without rotting and deterioration, and the moisture content is 50-70%;
②, crushing 100 parts of corn stalks weighed in the step ① to 2-4 cm in length, and cutting 12 parts of Chinese cabbages weighed in the step ① into small blocks with the length of 2-7 cm and the width of 1-4 cm;
③, mixing the pulverized corn stalk and the cut Chinese cabbage uniformly to obtain a mixture, firstly, spraying fermentation liquor uniformly into the mixture, then compacting and sealing, finally, carrying out anaerobic fermentation at 25 ℃ for 12 days, and drying after the fermentation is finished to obtain silage;
the fermentation liquid in the step ③ is prepared by mixing a Yifu source straw fermentation agent, brown sugar and water, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation agent to the brown sugar to the water is 1:2.2: 20;
the mass ratio of the mixture to the fermentation liquid in the step ③ is 270:1.1, and the Yifu source straw leavening agent in the step ③ is purchased from Zhengzhou Yifu source biological technology limited;
the moisture content of the silage in the step ③ is 18% -20%;
the preparation method of the fattening donkey feed is completed according to the following steps:
weighing 100 parts of coarse material and 15 parts of fine material according to parts by weight;
the coarse material consists of 25 parts of silage, 65 parts of cereal grass, 6 parts of reed, 8 parts of cereal ears and 3 parts of wheat ears in parts by weight;
the concentrated material comprises 55 parts of steam-pressed corn, 23 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of calcium carbonate, 8 parts of scallion powder, 1.5 parts of salt, 0.08 part of baking soda, 0.4 part of vitamin A and 0.04 part of vitamin D in parts by weight3And 0.7 part of lysine;
secondly, drying the bean pulp and the green Chinese onion powder weighed in the step one until the water content is 10% -12%, and then tabletting the dried bean pulp and the green Chinese onion powder with the steam weighed in the step one to obtain the corn, the calcium carbonate, the salt, the baking soda, the vitamin A and the vitamin D3Mixing with lysine to obtain refined material;
thirdly, cutting the cereal grass, the reed, the cereal ears and the wheat ears weighed in the first step to the length of 2-4 cm, and then uniformly mixing the cut cereal grass, the reed, the cereal ears and the wheat ears with the silage weighed in the first step to obtain coarse fodder;
and fourthly, uniformly mixing the concentrated feed prepared in the second step and the coarse feed prepared in the third step, sterilizing and packaging to obtain the fattening donkey feed.
Example two: the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is: a fattening donkey feed consists of 100 parts of coarse fodder and 20 parts of fine fodder in parts by weight; the coarse material consists of 30 parts of silage, 60 parts of cereal grass, 8 parts of reed, 10 parts of cereal ear and 4 parts of wheat ear in parts by weight; the concentrated material comprises 56 parts of steam-pressed corn, 23 parts of soybean meal, 2.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 10 parts of scallion powder, 1.5 parts of salt, 0.06 part of baking soda, 0.5 part of vitamin A and 0.05 part of vitamin D in parts by weight3And 1 part lysine. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Control group one: the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is: a fattening donkey feed consists of 100 parts of coarse fodder and 15 parts of fine fodder in parts by weight; the coarse material is dry corn straw; the length of the dry corn straw is 2 cm-4 cm; the concentrated material comprises 65 parts of corn flour, 23 parts of soybean meal, 2.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 10 parts of scallion powder, 1.5 parts of salt, 0.06 part of baking soda, 0.5 part of vitamin A and 0.05 part of vitamin D in parts by weight3And 1 part lysine. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment.
Control group two: the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is: the concentrated material is prepared from 55 parts by weight of steam tabletting jadeRice, 23 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of calcium carbonate, 1.5 parts of salt, 0.08 part of baking soda, 0.4 part of vitamin A and 0.04 part of vitamin D3①, weighing 100 parts of corn straw by weight, wherein the water content of the corn straw in the step ① is 65-75%, ②, crushing 100 parts of the corn straw weighed in the step ① to 2-4 cm in length, ③, uniformly spraying fermentation liquor into the crushed corn straw, compacting, sealing, performing anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 12 days, and drying after the fermentation is completed to obtain the silage, wherein the fermentation liquor in the step ③ is prepared by mixing a beneficial and rich source straw fermentation agent, brown sugar and water, the mass ratio of the fermentation agent to the brown sugar to the water is 1:2.2:20, the mass ratio of the corn straw to the fermentation liquor in the step ③ is 270:1.1, and the beneficial and rich source straw fermentation agent in the step ③ is purchased from Zhengzhou beneficial and rich source biological Limited company.
Control group three: the fertilizer is sold on the market.
Feeding materials:
test materials:
the experimental group 1 adopts the fattening donkey feed prepared in the first embodiment, and the experimental group 2 adopts the fattening donkey feed prepared in the second embodiment;
the contrast group 1 adopts donkey feed prepared by the contrast group I, the contrast group 2 adopts donkey feed prepared by the contrast group II, and the contrast group 3 adopts commercially available donkey fertilizer;
testing donkey: the fattening donkey variety is Guanzhong donkey, the weight is about 200 kg, each group is 60 donkey, and the female and male are half of the whole; each group adopts the same feeding mode and the same feeding time, water is freely drunk, the experimental period is 180 days, the daily feed intake of each donkey is recorded, the average daily gain and the average feed consumption and weight gain ratio are measured, and a veterinarian observes and counts the occurrence condition of digestive diseases of the donkey during the experimental period in the whole process.
The experimental grouping and feeding conditions are shown in table 1;
average daily gain is the total weight gain of each donkey/experimental days, and average material consumption weight gain ratio is the total consumption of feed eaten by each group of donkey/60 × total weight gain of each donkey;
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002464263380000091
Figure BDA0002464263380000101
From the results in table 1, it can be seen that, compared with the control group, the weight gain speed of the fattening donkey feed prepared by the invention is fast for the donkey to eat, but the more the content of the concentrate in the fattening donkey feed is, the better the content is, the concentrate content is too much, the feed cannot be completely digested and absorbed by the donkey, the average feed consumption weight gain ratio is large, the situation of diarrhea is easy to occur, and the ratio of the raw materials in the concentrate and the coarse feed also has an important influence on the quality of the finally prepared fattening donkey feed. Compared with the experimental group 1 and the control group 1, the fattening donkey feed disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the steam-flaked corn is used as the raw material, and the use amount of the corn can be reduced by using the steam-flaked corn, so that the feed is more easily digested and absorbed by donkey. Compared with the experimental group 1 and the control group 2, the feed for fattening donkeys disclosed by the invention contains the cabbage silage and the green Chinese onion powder, has the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, has the obvious effect of resisting bacteria and viruses, and reduces the symptoms of gastroenteritis and diarrhea of donkeys. Compared with the experimental group 1 and the control group 3, the donkey feed for fattening donkeys has the advantages that the donkey weight gain effect is obvious when eating the feed for fattening donkeys, the mental state of donkeys is good, diseases do not occur, and the average feed consumption weight gain ratio is small when eating the feed for fattening donkeys.
In addition, the raw materials used by the donkey fattening feed are low in price and are mostly agricultural wastes, on the premise of ensuring nutrient substances, energy waste and environmental pollution are avoided, the donkey fattening feed has a positive promoting effect on the donkey feeding industry, and the donkey fattening feed conforms to the sustainable development concept.
The invention detects the nutrient components of the donkey meat in the experimental group 1 and the control group 3, and the detection results of the nutrient components of the donkey meat in the experimental group 1 and the control group 3 are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002464263380000102
As can be seen from Table 2, the donkey meat yield of the fattening donkey feed is high, the donkey meat is tender, and the quality is obviously improved.

Claims (10)

1. A fattening donkey feed is characterized in that the fattening donkey feed consists of 100 parts of coarse fodder and 10-35 parts of fine fodder according to parts by weight;
the coarse material consists of 20 to 40 parts of silage, 55 to 70 parts of cereal grass, 5 to 8 parts of reed, 6 to 12 parts of ear of grain and 3 to 5 parts of ear of grain according to the parts by weight;
the concentrated material comprises 55 to 58 portions of steam pressed corn, 20 to 23 portions of soybean meal, 1 to 4 portions of calcium carbonate, 5 to 10 portions of scallion powder, 1 to 1.5 portions of salt, 0.05 to 0.1 portion of baking soda, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of vitamin A and 0.03 to 0.05 portion of vitamin D according to the weight portion3And 0.5-1 part of lysine.
2. The fattening donkey feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the fattening donkey feed consists of 100 parts of coarse fodder and 15-25 parts of concentrated fodder in parts by weight;
the coarse material consists of 25 to 35 parts of silage, 60 to 65 parts of cereal grass, 6 to 8 parts of reed, 8 to 10 parts of ear of grain and 3 to 4 parts of ear of grain according to the parts by weight;
the concentrated material comprises 55 to 57 portions of steam pressed corn, 22 to 23 portions of soybean meal, 2 to 3 portions of calcium carbonate, 7 to 9 portions of scallion powder, 1 to 1.5 portions of salt, 0.05 to 0.08 portion of baking soda, 0.4 to 0.5 portion of vitamin A and 0.04 to 0.05 portion of vitamin D according to the weight portion3And 0.7 to 0.8 portion of lysine.
3. The fattening donkey feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the fattening donkey feed consists of 100 parts of coarse fodder and 15 parts of fine fodder in parts by weight;
the coarse material consists of 25 parts of silage, 65 parts of cereal grass, 6 parts of reed, 8 parts of cereal ears and 3 parts of wheat ears in parts by weight;
the concentrated material comprises 55 parts of steam-pressed corn, 23 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of calcium carbonate, 8 parts of scallion powder, 1.5 parts of salt, 0.08 part of baking soda, 0.4 part of vitamin A and 0.04 part of vitamin D in parts by weight3And 0.7 part of lysine.
4. The fattening donkey feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the fattening donkey feed consists of 100 parts of coarse fodder and 20 parts of fine fodder in parts by weight;
the coarse material consists of 30 parts of silage, 60 parts of cereal grass, 8 parts of reed, 10 parts of cereal ear and 4 parts of wheat ear in parts by weight;
the concentrated material comprises 56 parts of steam-pressed corn, 23 parts of soybean meal, 2.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 10 parts of scallion powder, 1.5 parts of salt, 0.06 part of baking soda, 0.5 part of vitamin A and 0.05 part of vitamin D in parts by weight3And 1 part lysine.
5. The fattening donkey feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steam flaked corn has a gelatinization degree of 65% to 75%, a moisture content of 11% to 13%, and a size of 0.5mm to 1.5 mm; the green Chinese onion powder is prepared by the following steps: collecting waste scallion leaves, cleaning and drying the waste scallion leaves, and finally crushing to obtain scallion powder; the ears are mature ears; the wheat ear is mature wheat ear.
6. A fattening donkey feed as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said silage is prepared by the steps of:
weighing 100 parts of corn straw and 8-15 parts of Chinese cabbage according to parts by weight;
secondly, crushing 100 parts of the corn straws weighed in the first step to 2-4 cm in length, and cutting 8-15 parts of the Chinese cabbages weighed in the first step into small blocks with the length of 2-7 cm and the width of 1-4 cm;
thirdly, uniformly mixing the crushed corn straws with the cut Chinese cabbages to obtain a mixture; firstly, uniformly spraying fermentation liquor into the mixture, then compacting and sealing, finally carrying out anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for 7-15 days, and drying after fermentation is finished to obtain silage;
the silage prepared in the third step has the water content of 15-25%.
7. The fattening donkey feed as claimed in claim 6, wherein the corn stover in step one has a moisture content of 65% to 75%; the Chinese cabbage is waste Chinese cabbage without rotting and deterioration; the water content of the Chinese cabbage in the step one is 50-70%.
8. The fattening donkey feed as claimed in claim 6, wherein the fermentation broth in the third step is prepared by mixing a beneficial and rich straw fermentation agent, brown sugar and water, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation agent to the brown sugar to the water is (0.7-1.2): (1.8-2.5): (18-26).
9. The fattening donkey feed as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture to the fermentation liquor in step three is (180-330): (0.8-1.3); the Yifu source straw leavening agent in the step three is purchased from Zhengzhou Yifu source biological technology limited company.
10. The preparation method of the fattening donkey feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the fattening donkey feed is completed by the following steps:
weighing 100 parts of coarse material and 10-35 parts of fine material according to parts by weight;
the coarse material consists of 20 to 40 parts of silage, 55 to 70 parts of cereal grass, 5 to 8 parts of reed, 6 to 12 parts of ear of grain and 3 to 5 parts of ear of grain according to the parts by weight;
the concentrated material comprises 55 to 58 portions of steam pressed corn, 20 to 23 portions of soybean meal, 1 to 4 portions of calcium carbonate, 5 to 10 portions of scallion powder, 1 to 1.5 portions of salt, 0.05 to 0.1 portion of baking soda, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of vitamin A and 0.03 to 0.05 portion of vitamin D according to the weight portion3And 0.5 to 1 part of lysine;
secondly, drying the bean pulp and the green Chinese onion powder weighed in the step one until the water content is 10% -15%, and then tabletting the dried bean pulp and the green Chinese onion powder with the steam weighed in the step one to obtain the corn, the calcium carbonate, the salt, the baking soda, the vitamin A and the vitamin D3Mixing with lysine to obtain refined material;
thirdly, cutting the cereal grass, the reed, the cereal ears and the wheat ears weighed in the first step to the length of 2-4 cm, and then uniformly mixing the cut cereal grass, the reed, the cereal ears and the wheat ears with the silage weighed in the first step to obtain coarse fodder;
and fourthly, uniformly mixing the concentrated feed prepared in the second step and the coarse feed prepared in the third step, sterilizing and packaging to obtain the fattening donkey feed.
CN202010328973.3A 2020-04-23 2020-04-23 Fattening donkey feed and preparation method thereof Withdrawn CN111493230A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111972557A (en) * 2020-09-04 2020-11-24 新疆畜牧科学院畜牧研究所 Whole-plant corn silage formula for 7-13 month-old bred donkeys

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111972557A (en) * 2020-09-04 2020-11-24 新疆畜牧科学院畜牧研究所 Whole-plant corn silage formula for 7-13 month-old bred donkeys

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