CN108056260B - Feed for beef cattle and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Feed for beef cattle and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108056260B CN108056260B CN201810022465.5A CN201810022465A CN108056260B CN 108056260 B CN108056260 B CN 108056260B CN 201810022465 A CN201810022465 A CN 201810022465A CN 108056260 B CN108056260 B CN 108056260B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides a feed for beef cattle, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in Muslim beef special breeding, and relates to the technical field of feed processing. The preparation method of the feed is simple in process and suitable for large-scale production. The feed provided by the invention is not added with animal-derived feed and hormone which are contraindicated by Muslim, can be applied to the special cultivation of Muslim beef, and solves the technical problems of lack of economic cost and low nutrition but suitability for the special cultivation of Muslim beef in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a feed for beef cattle and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of animal husbandry, the beef cattle breeding also reaches a high level, beef is an important animal product for improving the dietary structure of human beings, and the state encourages the vigorous development of the beef cattle breeding industry at present. In recent years, the market price of beef is unstable, and certain economic loss is caused to farmers. The beef cattle feed mainly contains protein feed components, energy feed components and coarse feed components. The level of protein in the feed affects the production performance of beef cattle (pregnant cows, lactating calves, fattening cattle, heifers and bulls); the beef cattle has higher requirements on energy components, unreasonable energy feed can influence the feed intake, digestibility and feed conversion efficiency of the beef cattle on nutrient substances such as dry substances, organic substances, crude protein and the like, and long-term feeding of the feed with unreasonable energy components can reduce the rumen pH value of the beef cattle and induce acidosis; the coarse fodder is an important nutrient source of ruminants, is mainly silage, is commonly used as silage, and is high in economic cost due to the fact that silage corn, silage grass, silage sorghum and the like are common in the conventional coarse fodder. Therefore, the problem to be solved is to develop the feed which has low economic cost and balanced nutrition and can improve the production performance of beef cattle.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a feed for beef cattle, which solves the technical problem that the feed which is low in economic cost, balanced in nutrition and capable of improving the production performance of beef cattle is lacked in the prior art.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the feed for beef cattle, which alleviates the problem of the lack of a method for preparing a feed with low economic cost and balanced nutrition in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the feed for the beef cattle comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-110 parts of basic feed, 8-40 parts of silage, 1.1-3.3 parts of inorganic salt and 4.72-11 parts of additive;
wherein the silage comprises tomato pomace silage.
Further, the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-88 parts of basic feed, 20-30 parts of silage, 1.7-2.5 parts of inorganic salt and 7.5-16 parts of additive.
Further, the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 67 parts of basic feed, 26 parts of silage, 1.8-2 parts of inorganic salt and 10-11 parts of additive.
Further, the tomato pomace is ensiled to be a fermentation product of waste after the production of tomato paste and/or tomato juice;
preferably, the waste after the production of tomato paste and/or tomato juice is fermented by a fermentation agent to obtain a fermentation product;
further preferably, the starter is a lactic acid bacterium.
Further, the basic feed comprises corn, beans, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, sesame cakes, bran, alfalfa and corn stalks;
the silage comprises corn silage and tomato pomace silage;
the inorganic salt comprises calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride;
the additive comprises DDGS, a microecological preparation, a mold removal agent, stone powder, rumen bypass fat, rumen bypass lysine, beef cattle premix and urea;
preferably, the mold-removing agent comprises yeast cell walls and/or aluminosilicates;
preferably, the probiotic comprises lactic acid bacteria, bacillus and yeast.
Further, the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-50 parts of corn, 1-5 parts of soybean meal, 1-5 parts of cottonseed meal, 1-5 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-5 parts of sesame cake, 1-7 parts of bran, 2-8 parts of alfalfa, 5-25 parts of corn straw, 5-25 parts of corn silage, 3-15 parts of tomato residue silage, 2-10 parts of DDGS, 0.1-0.5 part of microecological preparation, 0.02-0.1 part of mildew removal agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of stone powder, 1-4 parts of rumen-passing fat, 0.1-1 part of rumen-passing lysine, 0.5-3 parts of beef cattle premix, 0.2-1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.5 part of magnesium oxide, 0.5-0.8 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.2-1 part of sodium chloride and 0.5-1.5 part of urea.
Further, the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-45 parts of corn, 1-3 parts of soybean meal, 1-3 parts of cottonseed meal, 1-3 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-3 parts of sesame cake, 2-5 parts of bran, 4-6 parts of alfalfa, 10-20 parts of corn straw, 15-20 parts of corn silage, 5-10 parts of tomato residue silage, 4-8 parts of DDGS, 0.1-0.2 part of microecological preparation, 0.04-0.08 part of mildew removal agent, 0.6-1 part of stone powder, 1.5-2.5 parts of rumen bypass fat, 0.1-0.5 part of rumen bypass lysine, 1-2.5 parts of beef cattle premix, 0.4-0.7 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.4 part of magnesium oxide, 0.6-0.7 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.4-0.7 part of sodium chloride and 0.5-0.8 part of urea.
Further, the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of corn, 2 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of cottonseed meal, 2 parts of rapeseed meal, 2 parts of sesame cake, 4 parts of bran, 5 parts of alfalfa, 15 parts of corn straw, 18 parts of corn silage, 8 parts of tomato residue silage, 6 parts of DDGS, 0.12 part of microecological preparation, 0.05 part of mold removal agent, 0.8 part of stone powder, 2 parts of rumen bypass fat, 0.2 part of rumen bypass lysine, 1 part of beef cattle premix, 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.35 part of magnesium oxide, 0.63 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of sodium chloride and 0.6 part of urea.
A preparation method of the feed for beef cattle, which comprises the steps of mixing the components according to the formula to prepare the feed;
preferably, the preparation method further comprises the steps of crushing corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, sesame cake, bran, DDGS, a microecological preparation, a mold removal agent, stone powder, rumen bypass fat, rumen bypass lysine, beef cattle premix, calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and urea, and then mixing the formula amount with the rest of the components;
further preferably, corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, sesame cake, bran, DDGS, probiotics, mold removing agent, stone powder, rumen bypass fat, rumen bypass lysine, beef cattle premix, calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and urea are pulverized into 10-20 meshes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the feed for beef cattle provided by the invention comprises a basal feed, a silage, inorganic salt and an additive, wherein the silage comprises tomato pomace silage. The feed is balanced in nutrition and has a part capable of providing rich protein and energy, the tomato pomace silage is used for replacing part of corn silage, the tomato pomace silage is rich in protein, fat and other nutrient substances, the waste of a large amount of tomato pomace in China is relieved, the resource loss is caused, and the feed cost is reduced. Therefore, the feed for beef cattle provided by the invention is a feed with low economic cost and balanced nutrition, and can improve the production performance of beef cattle. The preparation method of the feed for beef cattle provided by the invention is simple in process, simple and convenient, and easy to operate for various farmers and feed production enterprises.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a feed for beef cattle, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-110 parts of basic feed, 8-40 parts of silage, 1.1-3.3 parts of inorganic salt and 4.72-11 parts of additive. Wherein the silage comprises tomato pomace silage.
Alternatively, the parts by weight of the base feed may be, for example, but not limited to, 35 parts, 50 parts, 70 parts, 85 parts, 100 parts, or 110 parts; alternatively, the parts by weight of the silage may be, for example but not limited to, 8 parts, 15 parts, 25 parts, 30 parts, 35 parts, or 40 parts; alternatively, the weight parts of the inorganic salt may be, for example, but not limited to, 1.1 parts, 1.5 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts, 3 parts, or 3.3 parts; alternatively, the weight parts of the additive may be, for example, but not limited to, 4.72 parts, 4.8 parts, 5 parts, 7 parts, 9 parts, or 11 parts.
In a preferred embodiment, the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 67 parts of basic feed, 26 parts of silage, 1.8-2 parts of inorganic salt and 10-11 parts of additive.
Optionally, the basal feed comprises corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, sesame cake, bran, alfalfa, corn stover; optionally, the silage comprises corn silage and tomato pomace silage; optionally, the inorganic salt comprises dibasic calcium phosphate, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride; optionally, the additive comprises DDGS, probiotics, mold removal agents, stone powder, rumen bypass fat, rumen bypass lysine, beef premix, urea; the mildew removing agent is preferably yeast cell wall or/and aluminosilicate; the probiotic preferably comprises lactic acid bacteria, bacillus and yeast.
In an alternative embodiment, the beef cattle feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-50 parts of corn, 1-5 parts of soybean meal, 1-5 parts of cottonseed meal, 1-5 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-5 parts of sesame cake, 1-7 parts of bran, 2-8 parts of alfalfa, 5-25 parts of corn straw, 5-25 parts of corn silage, 3-15 parts of tomato residue silage, 2-10 parts of DDGS, 0.1-0.5 part of microecological preparation, 0.02-0.1 part of mildew removal agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of stone powder, 1-4 parts of rumen-passing fat, 0.1-1 part of rumen-passing lysine, 0.5-3 parts of beef cattle premix, 0.2-1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.5 part of magnesium oxide, 0.5-0.8 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.2-1 part of sodium chloride and 0.5-1.5 part of urea.
Corn, bean pulp, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, sesame cake and bran as basic functional substances can provide main nutritional ingredients such as protein and starch in the feed, wherein the weight parts of the corn can be, but are not limited to, 25 parts, 30 parts, 35 parts, 40 parts, 45 parts or 50 parts; alternatively, the weight parts of the soybean meal may be, for example, but not limited to, 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, or 5 parts; alternatively, the weight parts of the cottonseed meal can be, for example but not limited to, 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, or 5 parts; alternatively, the weight portion of the rapeseed meal may be, for example, but not limited to, 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, or 5 parts; alternatively, the parts by weight of flaxseed cake may be, for example, but not limited to, 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, or 5 parts; alternatively, the parts by weight of bran may be, for example but not limited to, 1 part, 3 parts, 4 parts, 6 parts, or 7 parts.
Alfalfa and corn stover contain rich nutrients and available chemical components such as nutrients including proteins, sugars, carotenes, vitamins, calcium and phosphorus, wherein the bran may optionally be present in, for example but not limited to, 1 part, 3 parts, 4 parts, 6 parts, or 7 parts by weight; alternatively, the portion by weight of alfalfa may be, for example, but not limited to, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 6 parts, or 8 parts.
Tomato pomace resources in China are very rich and are also the biggest tomato and tomato product producing countries in the world, and the tomato pomace contains higher nutrients such as protein, fat and the like, but because the seasonal nature of tomato pomace production is strong, and a very mature storage and processing utilization technology is lacked, a large amount of tomato pomace is wasted, resource loss is caused, and the problem of serious environmental pollution is brought. The invention reasonably and effectively develops and utilizes the tomato pomace feed resources, not only can reduce the feeding cost, but also can reduce the pollution to the environment caused by the waste of the tomato pomace.
Tomato pomace silage is used instead of part of corn silage. Optionally, the tomato pomace is ensiled as a fermentation product of waste after production of tomato paste and/or tomato juice; preferably, the tomato pomace is ensiled to obtain fermentation products by fermenting wastes after tomato sauce and/or tomato juice are produced by using a fermenting agent; further preferably, the starter is a lactic acid bacterium.
The tomato sauce residue mainly comprises seeds and fruit peel. The tomato peel and the tomato seeds contain higher protein, and the content of crude protein in the tomato peel is higher than that in the corn; the tomato seeds are mainly rich in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, leucine and lysine, the tomato seeds have high oil content which is superior to oil crops such as soybean, cotton seeds and the like, the protein content is similar to that of the cotton seeds, no toxic component or nutrition inhibiting factor exists in the tomato seeds, and the tomato seeds are high-quality oil and protein sources; the tomato peel is rich in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine and arginine, the limiting amino acids are methionine and histidine, the tomato peel contains high cellulose, and the tomato peel is a high-quality coarse feed raw material. The tomato pomace is also rich in nutrient components such as lycopene and the like. Wherein, optionally, the tomato pomace silage can be, for example but not limited to, 3 parts, 5 parts, 10 parts, 12 parts or 15 parts by weight; alternatively, the corn silage can be, for example, but not limited to, 5 parts, 10 parts, 15 parts, 20 parts, or 25 parts by weight.
DDGS is Dried distillers grains with solubles, is a product obtained by saccharifying, fermenting and distilling grains (such as corn, sorghum, barley and wheat) to remove alcohol, and drying the residue and residual liquid, and has the advantages of high protein content, high fat and digestible fiber, high effective phosphorus content, complete nutritional value, high yield, low cost and good safety. Alternatively, the weight parts of DDGS may be, for example, but not limited to, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 6 parts, 8 parts, or 10 parts.
The microbial ecological agent is added as a substitute of antibiotics, has the advantages of multiple functions, no toxic or side effect, no residue, no environment pollution and the like, has promotion effects on environment protection and sustainable development of ecological breeding industry maintenance, has the functions of adjusting gastrointestinal tract microbial ecological balance, having antagonistic effect on pathogenic microorganisms, enhancing organism immunity, promoting digestion and absorption of nutrient substances and promoting utilization of ammonia, and is preferably one or more of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus and yeast, and optionally, the weight part of the microbial ecological agent can be, but is not limited to, 0.1 part, 0.2 part, 0.3 part, 0.4 part or 0.5 part.
The mold remover can be but is not limited to aluminosilicate, biological adsorbent, biological enzyme detoxicant, yeast cell wall, Chinese herbal medicine, and is preferably yeast cell wall or aluminosilicate. Wherein the aluminosilicate mainly contains sodium calcium aluminosilicate hydroxide, such as zeolite, montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, and kaolin. The major components of yeast cell walls include glucan, mannan, chitin and proteins. The mildew removing agent prevents mycotoxin from being absorbed in the digestive tract of the animal by forming a stable compound with the mycotoxin, and the mycotoxin is combined with the mycotoxin in the animal body to form a compound body so that the mycotoxin is not absorbed by the animal body when passing through the digestive tract and is discharged out of the body along with the adsorbent, and the absorption amount of the toxin by the intestinal tract and the toxin content in blood and target organs are reduced, so that the amount of the toxin entering the blood and tissues in the animal body is reduced, and the toxicity of the toxin is reduced or eliminated. Alternatively, the parts by weight of the mold release agent may be, for example, but not limited to, 0.02 parts, 0.04 parts, 0.05 parts, 0.07 parts, or 0.1 parts.
The stone powder is prepared by crushing limestone, has high calcium content, and the calcium in the stone powder is an important component forming the bones and teeth of livestock and poultry, and part of the calcium exists in extracellular fluid and other tissues. Calcium in the conventional feed is mostly calcium phytate, and the capability of livestock and poultry to utilize calcium phytate is poor, so that stone powder is added into the feed and inorganic calcium is supplemented to meet the requirement of beef cattle on calcium element, and optionally, the weight part of the stone powder can be, but is not limited to, 0.5 part, 0.7 part, 0.9 part, 1.2 part or 1.5 parts.
The rumen bypass fat is fat which is protected by physical or chemical methods and the like, is not hydrolyzed by rumen, does not influence normal fermentation of rumen, can be digested, absorbed and utilized in stomach and small intestine, has higher energy value, can supplement energy deficiency in beef cattle feed, and improves feed conversion rate. Alternatively, the parts by weight of rumen bypass fat may be, for example, but not limited to, 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, or 5 parts.
Rumen-bypass lysine is a nutrient substance which is prepared from protein, amino acid, fat and starch and is not degraded by rumen microorganisms when passing rumen. The invention increases the amount of amino acid passing through small intestine by adding rumen-bypass lysine, and because the lysine is the first or second limiting amino acid of ruminant, the invention can reduce the supply of crude protein in daily ration, save feed and reduce daily ration cost. Besides, rumen bypass lysine is added into the ruminant ration, so that the liver burden can be relieved, the liver function stability can be maintained, the concentration of plasma urea nitrogen can be reduced, and the amino acid balance condition can be improved. Alternatively, the parts by weight of ruminal bypass lysine may be, for example, but not limited to, 0.1 parts, 0.3 parts, 0.5 parts, 0.8 parts, or 1 part.
The beef cattle premix is preferably beef cattle premix BD0512, and the weight part of the beef cattle premix can be, for example and without limitation, 0.5 part, 1 part, 1.5 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts or 3 parts.
The urea is used as non-protein nitrogen to supplement protein content in the feed, and the urea can be added to control or slow down the release speed of ammonia after the urea enters the rumen, so that the optimum ammonia concentration in the rumen is maintained, ammonia poisoning is prevented, and the utilization rate of the urea is improved. Alternatively, the weight portion of urea may be, for example, but not limited to, 0.5 parts, 0.7 parts, 1 part, 1.2 parts, or 1.5 parts.
The inorganic salt can supplement trace elements and minerals and can be used as a buffer in feed to prevent beef acidosis and improve beef production performance, and the inorganic salt added in the invention can be calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride. Alternatively, the weight parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate may be, for example, but not limited to, 0.2 parts, 0.4 parts, 0.5 parts, 0.7 parts, 0.8 parts, or 1 part; alternatively, the parts by weight of magnesium oxide may be, for example, but not limited to, 0.2 parts, 0.3 parts, 0.4 parts, or 0.5 parts; alternatively, the weight parts of sodium bicarbonate can be, for example, but not limited to, 0.5 parts, 0.6 parts, 0.65 parts, 0.7 parts, or 0.8 parts; alternatively, the weight part of sodium chloride may be, for example, but not limited to, 0.2 part, 0.4 part, 0.6 part, 0.8 part, or 1 part.
In a preferred embodiment, the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of corn, 2 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of cottonseed meal, 2 parts of rapeseed meal, 2 parts of sesame cake, 4 parts of bran, 5 parts of alfalfa, 15 parts of corn straw, 18 parts of corn silage, 8 parts of tomato residue silage, 6 parts of DDGS, 0.12 part of microecological preparation, 0.05 part of mold removal agent, 0.8 part of stone powder, 2 parts of rumen bypass fat, 0.2 part of rumen bypass lysine, 1 part of beef cattle premix, 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.35 part of magnesium oxide, 0.63 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of sodium chloride and 0.6 part of urea. By optimizing the proportion of the components, the purposes of balanced nutrition and improvement of meat quality and yield of beef cattle are achieved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed, which comprises the step of mixing the components according to the formula amount to prepare the feed.
In an alternative embodiment, the method for preparing the tomato pomace silage comprises the following steps: and (3) transporting the residual tomato residues after the tomato sauce or the tomato juice is produced to a silage silo, uniformly spraying lactic acid bacteria in the filling process, wherein the amount of the sprayed lactic acid bacteria is preferably 3-5 g of viable lactic acid bacteria added to each ton of tomato residues. The viable lactic acid bacteria are dissolved in physiological saline containing 5% -8% of glucose and then uniformly sprayed on the tomato residues, the moisture of the tomato residues is controlled to be 60% -70%, and the tomato residues are sealed and stored in a cellar. The tomato silage prepared by the preparation method provided by the embodiment can better preserve nutrient components such as crude protein in tomato pomace, can effectively reduce the content of fiber, has the characteristics of sour and fragrant smell, softness and juiciness, good palatability and high digestibility, and can be stored for a long time.
In an alternative embodiment, the above preparation method further comprises the steps of pulverizing corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, sesame cake, bran, DDGS, probiotics, mold removing agent, stone powder, rumen bypass fat, rumen bypass lysine, beef premix, calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and urea before mixing, and then mixing the formula amount with the rest of the components; optionally, the grinding prior to mixing is to 10-20 mesh, such as but not limited to 10 mesh, 12 mesh, 14 mesh, 16 mesh, 18 mesh or 20 mesh, preferably 16 mesh. Optionally, the preparation method further comprises the step of chopping the corn stover and alfalfa short prior to mixing; preferably, the length of the corn and the alfalfa hay is as short as 3-5 cm.
The preparation method of the beef cattle feed is based on the same inventive concept as the beef cattle feed, and the feed obtained by the preparation method of the beef cattle feed has all the effects of the feed, and is not repeated herein.
The advantageous effects of the invention will be further described below with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a feed for beef cattle, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of corn, 2 parts of bean pulp, 2 parts of cottonseed meal, 2 parts of rapeseed meal, 2 parts of sesame cake, 4 parts of bran, 5 parts of alfalfa, 15 parts of corn straw, 18 parts of corn silage, 8 parts of tomato pomace silage, 8 parts of DDGS, 0.12 part of microecological preparation (calculated by viable count: lactobacillus: bacillus: saccharomycete =1:1: 1), 0.05 part of mildew-removing agent aluminosilicate, 0.8 part of stone powder, 2 parts of rumen-passing fat, 0.2 part of rumen-passing lysine, 1% special premix for beef cattle 05121 parts, 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.35 part of magnesium oxide, 0.63 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of sodium chloride and 0.6 part of urea,
the feed for beef cattle provided in this example was obtained by mixing the above components in proportion.
Example 2
This example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 1 in that it is prepared as follows.
(a) Pulverizing semen Maydis, soybean meal, cotton meal, rapeseed meal, sesame cake, testa Tritici, DDGS, microecological preparation, mold removing agent, stone powder, rumen-bypass fat, rumen-bypass lysine, 1% special premix for beef cattle BD0512, calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and urea to 10 mesh;
(b) cutting the corn stalks and the alfalfa to be as short as 3-5 cm;
weighing corn silage and tomato pomace silage in proportion and the components treated in the step (a) and the step (b) and uniformly mixing. Preparing the feed for beef cattle.
Example 3
This example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 1 in that it is prepared as follows.
(a) Pulverizing semen Maydis, soybean meal, cotton meal, rapeseed meal, sesame cake, testa Tritici, DDGS, microecological preparation, mold removing agent, stone powder, rumen-bypass fat, rumen-bypass lysine, 1% special premix for beef cattle BD0512, calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and urea to 20 mesh;
(b) cutting the corn stalks and the alfalfa to be as short as 3-5 cm;
weighing corn silage and tomato pomace silage in proportion and the components treated in the step (a) and the step (b) and uniformly mixing. Preparing the feed for beef cattle.
Example 4
This example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 1 in that it is prepared as follows.
(a) Pulverizing semen Maydis, soybean meal, cotton meal, rapeseed meal, sesame cake, testa Tritici, DDGS, microecological preparation, mold removing agent, stone powder, rumen-bypass fat, rumen-bypass lysine, 1% special premix for beef cattle BD0512, calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and urea to 16 mesh;
(b) cutting the corn stalks and the alfalfa to be as short as 3-5 cm;
weighing corn silage and tomato pomace silage in proportion and the components treated in the step (a) and the step (b) and uniformly mixing. Preparing the feed for beef cattle.
Example 5
The present example provides a feed for beef cattle, which is different from example 4 in that the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of corn, 5 parts of soybean meal, 1 part of cottonseed meal, 5 parts of rapeseed meal, 1 part of sesame cake, 7 parts of bran, 2 parts of alfalfa, 25 parts of corn straw, 5 parts of corn silage, 15 parts of tomato pomace silage, 2 parts of DDGS, 0.5 part of microecological preparation (calculated by viable count, lactobacillus: bacillus: saccharomycete =1:1: 1), 0.02 part of mildew-removing agent aluminosilicate, 1.5 parts of stone powder, 1 part of rumen-passing fat, 1 part of rumen-passing lysine, 1% special premix BD 05120.5 for beef cattle, 1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 part of magnesium oxide, 0.8 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.2 part of sodium chloride and 1.5 parts of urea;
example 6
The present example provides a feed for beef cattle, which is different from example 4 in that the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of corn, 1 part of soybean meal, 5 parts of cottonseed meal, 1 part of rapeseed meal, 5 parts of sesame cake, 1 part of bran, 8 parts of alfalfa, 5 parts of corn straw, 25 parts of corn silage, 3 parts of tomato residue silage, 10 parts of DDGS, 0.1 part of microecological preparation (calculated by viable count: lactobacillus: bacillus: saccharomycete =1:1: 1), 0.1 part of mildew-removing agent aluminosilicate, 0.5 part of stone powder, 4 parts of rumen-passing fat, 0.1 part of rumen-passing lysine, 1% special premix for beef cattle 05123 parts, 0.2 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part of magnesium oxide, 0.5 part of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of sodium chloride and 0.5 part of urea.
Example 7
The present example provides a feed for beef cattle, which is different from example 4 in that the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of corn, 3 parts of soybean meal, 1 part of cottonseed meal, 3 parts of rapeseed meal, 1 part of sesame cake, 5 parts of bran, 4 parts of alfalfa, 20 parts of corn straw, 15 parts of corn silage, 10 parts of tomato pomace silage, 4 parts of DDGS, 0.2 part of a microecological preparation (calculated by viable count: lactobacillus: bacillus: saccharomycete =1:1: 1), 0.04 part of a mildew removing agent aluminosilicate, 1 part of stone powder, 1.5 parts of rumen bypass fat, 0.5 part of rumen bypass lysine, 1% special premix for beef cattle (BD 05121 parts), 0.7 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of magnesium oxide, 0.7 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.4 part of sodium chloride and 0.8 part of urea.
Example 8
The present example provides a feed for beef cattle, which is different from example 4 in that the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of corn, 1 part of soybean meal, 3 parts of cottonseed meal, 1 part of rapeseed meal, 3 parts of sesame cake, 2 parts of bran, 6 parts of alfalfa, 10 parts of corn straw, 20 parts of corn silage, 5 parts of tomato pomace silage, 8 parts of DDGS, 0.1 part of microecological preparation (calculated by viable count: lactobacillus: bacillus: saccharomycete =1:1: 1), 0.08 part of mildew-removing agent aluminosilicate, 0.6 part of stone powder, 2.5 parts of rumen-bypass fat, 0.1 part of rumen-bypass lysine, 05122.5 parts of 1% beef cattle special premix, 0.4 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.4 part of magnesium oxide, 0.6 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.7 part of sodium chloride and 0.5 part of urea.
Example 9
This example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 4 in that the probiotic is of the following formulation: according to the viable count: lactic acid bacteria: bacillus: yeast =2:1: 1.
Example 10
This example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 4 in that the probiotic is of the following formulation: according to the viable count: lactic acid bacteria: bacillus: yeast =1:2: 1.
Example 11
This example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 4 in that the probiotic is of the following formulation: according to the viable count: lactic acid bacteria: bacillus: yeast =1:1: 2.
Example 12
This example provides a feed for beef cattle, differing from example 4 in that the mold-removing agent is yeast cell walls.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 4 in that the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of corn, 10 parts of soybean meal, 0.5 part of cottonseed meal, 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 0.5 part of sesame cake, 10 parts of bran, 1 part of alfalfa, 30 parts of corn straw, 2 parts of corn silage, 30 parts of tomato pomace silage, 1 part of DDGS, 2 parts of microecological preparation (counted by viable bacteria: lactobacillus: bacillus: yeast =1:1: 1), 0.01 part of mildew-removing agent aluminosilicate, 2 parts of stone powder, 0.5 part of rumen-bypass fat, 6 parts of rumen-bypass lysine, 1% special premix for beef cattle BD 05120.02, 2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1 part of magnesium oxide, 1 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.1 part of sodium chloride and 2 parts of urea.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 4 in that the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of corn, 0.5 part of soybean meal, 10 parts of cottonseed meal, 0.5 part of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of sesame cake, 0.5 part of bran, 10 parts of alfalfa, 0 part of corn straw, 30 parts of corn silage, 1 part of tomato pomace silage, 15 parts of DDGS, 0.05 part of microecological preparation (counted by viable bacteria, lactobacillus: bacillus: saccharomycete =1:1: 1), 0.5 part of mildew-removing agent aluminosilicate, 0.2 part of stone powder, 6 parts of rumen-passing fat, 0.05 part of rumen-passing lysine, 1% beef cattle special premix BD 22, 0.1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 1 part of magnesium oxide, 0.2 part of sodium bicarbonate, 1.5 parts of sodium chloride and 0.2 part of urea.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 4 in that the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of corn, 2 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of cottonseed meal, 2 parts of rapeseed meal, 2 parts of sesame cake, 4 parts of bran, 5 parts of alfalfa, 15 parts of corn straw, 26 parts of corn silage, 8 parts of DDGS, 0.12 part of microecological preparation (counted by viable count: lactobacillus: yeast =1:1: 1), 0.05 part of mildew-removing agent aluminosilicate, 0.8 part of stone powder, 2 parts of rumen-passing fat, 0.2 part of rumen-passing lysine, 1% special premix BD 05121 parts of beef cattle, 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.35 part of magnesium oxide, 0.63 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of sodium chloride and 0.6 part of urea.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example provides a feed for beef cattle that differs from example 4 in that it does not contain DDGS.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 4 in that it does not contain a probiotic.
Comparative example 6
This example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 4 in that the probiotic is of the following formulation: according to the viable count: lactic acid bacteria: bacillus =1: 1.
Comparative example 7
This example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 4 in that the probiotic is of the following formulation: lactic acid bacteria: yeast =1: 1.
Comparative example 8
This example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 4 in that the probiotic is of the following formulation: bacillus: yeast =1: 1.
Comparative example 9
This example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 4 in that the probiotic contains only bacillus.
Comparative example 10
This example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 4 in that the probiotic contains only yeast.
Comparative example 11
This example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 4 in that the probiotic contains only lactic acid bacteria.
Comparative example 12
This comparative example provides a feed for beef cattle that differs from example 4 in that it does not contain a mold remover.
Comparative example 13
This comparative example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 4 in that it does not contain stone powder.
Comparative example 14
This comparative example provides a feed for beef cattle that differs from example 4 in that it does not contain rumen bypass fat.
Comparative example 15
This comparative example provides a feed for beef cattle that differs from example 4 in that it does not contain rumen bypass lysine.
Comparative example 16
This comparative example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 4 in that it does not contain 1% of beef cattle premix BD 0512.
Comparative example 17
This comparative example provides a feed for beef cattle that differs from example 4 in that it does not contain dibasic calcium phosphate, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride.
Comparative example 18
This comparative example provides a feed for beef cattle, which differs from example 4 in that it does not contain urea.
Comparative example 19
This comparative example provides a feed for beef cattle that differs from example 4 in that it does not contain rumen bypass lysine.
Comparative example 20
The feed for beef cattle provided by the comparative example is a self-ingredient of a certain beef farm in Shizushan, and is prepared by mixing the following raw materials: 60 parts of corn, 10 parts of bean pulp, 10 parts of cottonseed meal, 10 parts of sesame cake, 10 parts of bran, 10 parts of alfalfa, 10 parts of corn straw, 20 parts of corn silage, 1 part of sodium bicarbonate, 1 part of sodium chloride and 0.5 part of beef cattle special premix.
The tomato silage used in the above examples and comparative examples was prepared as follows: and (3) transporting the residual tomato residues after the tomato sauce or the tomato juice is produced to a silage silo, uniformly spraying lactic acid bacteria in the filling process, wherein the amount of the sprayed lactic acid bacteria is preferably 3-5 g of viable lactic acid bacteria added to each ton of tomato residues. The viable lactic acid bacteria are dissolved in physiological saline containing 6% glucose and then uniformly sprayed on the tomato residues, the moisture of the tomato residues is controlled at 65%, and the tomato residues are sealed and stored in a cellar.
Examples of effects
A healthy Siemens Taer hybrid variety fattening cattle with 160 heads and body weights of about 350 kilograms and similar month-to-month ages, fat conditions and body qualities is selected in a certain beef cattle farm in Shizui mountain, a single-factor completely random design method is adopted, the breeding is randomly divided into 32 groups, and each group has 5 heads. The same quality of the feed provided by examples 1-12 and comparative examples 1-20 was fed, the feeding management conditions of each group were completely consistent, and daily hygiene, disinfection and epidemic prevention work were performed according to established procedures. The results are shown in the following table when the feed is fed for 90 days and the results are shown in the column:
| live weight for marketing | Weight gain | Daily gain | |
| Example 1 | 459±7 | 110±1.11 | 1.22±0.56 |
| Example 2 | 463±8 | 115±1.49 | 1.28±0.40 |
| Example 3 | 467±9 | 116±1.19 | 1.29±0.75 |
| Example 4 | 473±6 | 122±1.10 | 1.36±0.71 |
| Example 5 | 468±6 | 117±1.17 | 1.3±0.50 |
| Example 6 | 468±7 | 116±2.36 | 1.29±0.14 |
| Example 7 | 471±4 | 120±1.85 | 1.33±0.89 |
| Example 8 | 471±7 | 118±1.94 | 1.31±0.66 |
| Example 9 | 474±9 | 120±2.27 | 1.33±0.78 |
| Example 10 | 470±7 | 121±2.43 | 1.34±0.55 |
| Example 11 | 473±9 | 119±1.53 | 1.32±0.51 |
| Example 12 | 474±8 | 121±2.40 | 1.34±0.32 |
| Comparative example 1 | 460±6 | 110±2.94 | 1.22±0.87 |
| Comparative example 2 | 467±8 | 112±1.16 | 1.24±0.91 |
| Comparative example 3 | 454±4 | 102±2.42 | 1.13±0.95 |
| Comparative example 4 | 456±5 | 106±1.72 | 1.18±0.59 |
| Comparative example 5 | 455±6 | 100±2.59 | 1.11±0.47 |
| Comparative example 6 | 449±8 | 99±1.95 | 1.1±0.22 |
| Comparative example 7 | 458±8 | 106±2.19 | 1.18±0.15 |
| Comparative example 8 | 458±6 | 105±2.19 | 1.17±0.88 |
| Comparative example 9 | 459±9 | 105±2.15 | 1.17±0.45 |
| Comparative example 10 | 455±8 | 102±2.18 | 1.13±0.40 |
| Comparative example 11 | 451±9 | 103±2.97 | 1.14±0.58 |
| Comparative example 12 | 458±9 | 106±2.87 | 1.18±0.82 |
| Comparative example 13 | 454±6 | 105±1.31 | 1.17±0.32 |
| Comparative example 14 | 460±9 | 107±1.55 | 1.19±0.64 |
| Comparative example 15 | 454±8 | 102±2.89 | 1.13±0.77 |
| Comparative example 16 | 457±9 | 104±1.58 | 1.16±0.49 |
| Comparative example 17 | 456±6 | 103±2.57 | 1.14±0.34 |
| Comparative example 18 | 455±9 | 104±1.68 | 1.16±0.35 |
| Comparative example 19 | 457±8 | 107±2.33 | 1.19±0.16 |
| Comparative example 20 | 448±9 | 98±1.65 | 1.09±0.45 |
Comparing examples 1-4, the feed for beef cattle provided by the invention can increase the weight of beef cattle to the maximum extent by using the feed prepared by the preferred preparation scheme provided by the invention, and the daily weight increase can reach 1.36 kg; comparing examples 4-8 with comparative examples 1-2, it can be seen that the beef cattle can have higher slaughter live weight and daily gain after the component proportion of the feed is optimized, and the feeding effect of the feed is improved; as can be seen from comparison of examples 1-11 and comparative examples 5-12, the microecological preparation has the best effect when the lactobacillus, the bacillus and the microzyme are selected and used in combination, and the composite bacteria can promote the digestion and absorption of food in the intestinal tract of the beef cattle, so that the food utilization rate is increased, and the weight of the beef cattle is increased; as can be seen from comparison of the comparative example 3 with other examples and comparative examples, the tomato pomace silage can obviously improve the feeding effect of the feed, and the weight gain of beef cattle is obviously reduced in the feed lacking the tomato pomace silage; as can be seen by comparing other comparative examples with examples, the feed provided by the invention has reasonable component matching, and the feeding effect of the feed can be obviously reduced under the condition of lacking a certain component.
In conclusion, the feed for the beef cattle provided by the invention can obviously improve the daily gain of the beef cattle, increase the production speed of the beef cattle, improve the palatability and the digestibility and reduce the feeding cost.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The feed for beef cattle is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 25-50 parts of corn, 1-5 parts of soybean meal, 1-5 parts of cottonseed meal, 1-5 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-5 parts of sesame cake, 1-7 parts of bran, 2-8 parts of alfalfa, 5-25 parts of corn straw, 5-25 parts of corn silage, 3-15 parts of tomato residue silage, 2-10 parts of DDGS, 0.1-0.5 part of microecological preparation, 0.02-0.1 part of mildew removal agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of stone powder, 1-4 parts of rumen-passing fat, 0.1-1 part of rumen-passing lysine, 0.5-3 parts of beef cattle premix, 0.2-1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.5 part of magnesium oxide, 0.5-0.8 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.2-1 part of sodium chloride and 0.5-1.5 part of urea;
the tomato pomace silage is prepared by the following method:
transporting the residual tomato residues after the production of tomato sauce or tomato juice to a silage silo, uniformly spraying lactic acid bacteria in the filling process, wherein the amount of the sprayed lactic acid bacteria is that 3-5 g of viable lactic acid bacteria are added to each ton of tomato residues, the viable lactic acid bacteria are dissolved in physiological saline containing 5-8% of glucose and then uniformly sprayed to the tomato residues, controlling the water content of the tomato residues at 60-70%, and sealing the silo for storage;
the microecological preparation comprises lactobacillus, bacillus and yeast; wherein, according to the viable count, the lactic acid bacteria: bacillus: yeast =1:1:1 or 2:1:1 or 1:2:1 or 1:1: 2.
2. The feed of claim 1, wherein the mold removal agent comprises yeast cell walls and/or aluminosilicates.
3. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30-45 parts of corn, 1-3 parts of soybean meal, 1-3 parts of cottonseed meal, 1-3 parts of rapeseed meal, 1-3 parts of sesame cake, 2-5 parts of bran, 4-6 parts of alfalfa, 10-20 parts of corn straw, 15-20 parts of corn silage, 5-10 parts of tomato residue silage, 4-8 parts of DDGS, 0.1-0.2 part of microecological preparation, 0.04-0.08 part of mildew removal agent, 0.6-1 part of stone powder, 1.5-2.5 parts of rumen bypass fat, 0.1-0.5 part of rumen bypass lysine, 1-2.5 parts of beef cattle premix, 0.4-0.7 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.4 part of magnesium oxide, 0.6-0.7 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.4-0.7 part of sodium chloride and 0.5-0.8 part of urea.
4. The feed according to claim 3, characterized in that it consists of the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of corn, 2 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of cottonseed meal, 2 parts of rapeseed meal, 2 parts of sesame cake, 4 parts of bran, 5 parts of alfalfa, 15 parts of corn straw, 18 parts of corn silage, 8 parts of tomato residue silage, 6 parts of DDGS, 0.12 part of microecological preparation, 0.05 part of mold removal agent, 0.8 part of stone powder, 2 parts of rumen bypass fat, 0.2 part of rumen bypass lysine, 1 part of beef cattle premix, 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.35 part of magnesium oxide, 0.63 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.5 part of sodium chloride and 0.6 part of urea.
5. A process for preparing a feed for beef cattle as claimed in any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises the step of mixing the ingredients in the formula amounts to obtain the feed.
6. The method for preparing the feed for beef cattle according to claim 5, wherein the method further comprises the steps of pulverizing corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, sesame cake, bran, DDGS, probiotics, mold release agents, stone powder, rumen bypass fat, rumen bypass lysine, beef cattle premix, calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and urea, and then mixing the formula amounts with the remaining components.
7. The method of preparing the feed for beef cattle according to claim 6, wherein corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, sesame cake, bran, DDGS, probiotics, mold removal agents, stone powder, rumen bypass fat, rumen bypass lysine, beef cattle premix, calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and urea are pulverized to 10-20 mesh.
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| CN114514958B (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-11-24 | 广西壮族自治区畜牧研究所 | Preparation method and application method of complete feed for fattening cattle |
| CN114732082A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-12 | 新疆新禾农牧业有限责任公司 | Animal breeding feed with good palatability and preparation method thereof |
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