CN114304388A - Grass meal feed and processing method thereof - Google Patents

Grass meal feed and processing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114304388A
CN114304388A CN202210050944.4A CN202210050944A CN114304388A CN 114304388 A CN114304388 A CN 114304388A CN 202210050944 A CN202210050944 A CN 202210050944A CN 114304388 A CN114304388 A CN 114304388A
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parts
raw materials
total amount
grass meal
leguminous
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李基玉
曾琼
罗太均
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Xishui Gelin Ecology Agriculture Technology Co ltd
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Xishui Gelin Ecology Agriculture Technology Co ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Abstract

The application discloses grass meal feed in the technical field of livestock-raising, raw materials are leguminous straw 200 ~ 300 parts, huge fungus grass 120 ~ 200 parts, 50 ~ 130 parts of pine needle, 10 ~ 30 parts of indisputable mango skip, 10 ~ 30 parts of chinese gentian, beat rice bran 120 ~ 150 parts and soybean meal 150 ~ 210 parts according to the mass fraction, still include that the total amount of raw materials is 1% biological leaven and the 2 ~ 5 times of total amount of raw materials' alkaline treatment fluid, the mass concentration of alkaline treatment fluid is 2 ~ 5%. The raw materials of the invention have the characteristics of wide sources and low price, wherein some medicinal components contained in the raw materials can obviously improve the immunity of livestock, meanwhile, the crushed straws and other materials are subjected to alkali treatment by a chemical method during preparation, so that cellulose is hydrolyzed, a slightly alkaline living environment is created for the later-stage microbial growth, and the content of dietary fiber in subsequent products can be higher than 90%.

Description

Grass meal feed and processing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to grass meal feed and a processing method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of poultry and livestock breeding, most poultry and livestock farmers progressively recognize the role of compound feed in poultry and livestock production, and more farmers feed poultry and livestock with compound feed. At present, the feed commonly used in China is grain feed, which improves the production level of pork pigs, but simultaneously, the grain feed is polluted by mould, magnetic induction oxygen bacteria, putrefying bacteria and the like in the processing process, and the toxic disease caused by the produced harmful toxin after the grain feed is eaten by fur economic animals is called grain feed poisoning. After the grain feed is polluted, if the grain feed is not cooked reliably, the grain feed can be fermented and become rancid quickly in hot summer if the grain feed is left for a period of time, and bacteria in the grain feed breed in large quantity and generate toxin, so that the feed can be poisoned by the fur economic animals. Secondly, although many feeds can promote the growth of livestock at present, the fed livestock has the defects of coarse quality, lack of flavor, poor taste and large amount of inferior pork. Based on the above, the applicant previously developed a grass meal feed disclosed in chinese patent CN103947834B, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: alfalfa 160 and 180 parts; 170 portions of ryegrass and 190 portions of wheat; 240 portions and 260 portions of Russian feed vegetable; beating 110 portions of rice bran and 130 portions of rice bran; 270-290 parts of soybean meal; 15-25 parts of feed zymophyte. The grass meal feed is matched with the bupleurum powder, the artemisia selengensis powder and the corn powder to be eaten by livestock. However, although the grass meal feed can promote the growth of livestock and improve the meat quality, the immunity of the livestock cannot be improved, and based on the situation, the applicant develops a grass meal feed which can ensure the rapid growth of the livestock and improve the meat quality and can improve the immunity of the livestock.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention designs the grass meal feed which can improve the meat quality and the immunity of livestock.
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a grass meal feed, which comprises, by mass, 200-300 parts of leguminous straws, 120-200 parts of pennisetum giganteum, 50-130 parts of pine needles, 10-30 parts of iron mangosteen, 10-30 parts of gentian, 120-150 parts of polished rice bran and 150-210 parts of soybean meal, and further comprises a biological fermentation agent accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials and an alkaline treatment solution accounting for 2-5 times of the total amount of the raw materials, wherein the mass concentration of the alkaline treatment solution is 2-5%.
The invention is further preferably characterized in that the raw materials comprise, by mass, 200 parts of leguminous straws, 120 parts of pennisetum hydridum, 50 parts of pine needles, 10 parts of miscanthus, 10 parts of felwort, 120 parts of polished rice bran and 150 parts of soybean meal, and the raw materials further comprise a biological fermentation agent accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials and an alkaline treatment solution accounting for 2-5 times of the total amount of the raw materials.
The invention is further preferably characterized in that the raw materials comprise 300 parts of leguminous straws, 200 parts of pennisetum hydridum, 130 parts of pine needles, 30 parts of iron mangosteen, 30 parts of felwort, 150 parts of polished rice bran and 210 parts of soybean meal in parts by mass, and the raw materials further comprise a biological fermentation agent accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials and an alkaline treatment solution accounting for 2-5 times of the total amount of the raw materials.
The invention is further preferably characterized in that the raw materials comprise, by mass, 270 parts of leguminous straws, 150 parts of pennisetum sinese roxb, 70 parts of pine needles, 20 parts of miscanthus, 20 parts of felwort, 130 parts of polished rice bran and 180 parts of soybean meal, and the raw materials further comprise a biological fermentation agent accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials and an alkaline treatment solution accounting for 2-5 times of the total amount of the raw materials.
The invention also aims to provide a processing method of grass meal feed, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: respectively drying leguminous straws, pennisetum giganteum, pine needles, iron mangoes and gentian till the water content is 6-12%, and then respectively crushing the materials to the particle size of 5-10 mm;
(2) mixing: mixing the crushed leguminous straws, the pennisetum giganteum, the pine needles, the iron mangosteen and the gentian in proportion and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material;
(3) alkali treatment: spraying an alkaline treatment solution on the mixed material, performing alkaline treatment at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ for 1.5-3.5 hours, and then performing centrifugal separation;
(4) fermenting, namely mixing the milled rice bran and the soybean meal with the centrifugally separated materials in proportion, spraying a biological leavening agent on the surface of the mixed material, uniformly mixing again, and then fermenting the mixed material in a closed manner for 3-10 days;
(5) drying and powdering, drying the fermented mixed material and powdering to obtain the grass meal feed;
the grass meal feed is matched with corn flour, salt, multiple vitamins and trace elements to be eaten by livestock. Further, the weight ratio of the grass meal feed to the corn flour to the salt to the vitamins to the trace elements is 35-40: 47-50: 0.2-0.3: 0.01:0.05.
Further, the mass concentration of the acetic acid is 5-10%.
Dicranopteris pedata, also called Dicranopteris pedata, and ferns, wherein Dicranopteris pedata belongs to fern weeds, and is distributed in a small piece shape in forest margin or space open space of a sparse forest, and leaf stalks are 1-4 cm long. The leaf axis has 5-8 branches, the tail pinna is narrow, the length is usually 8-15 cm, the width is 2.5-4 cm, the upper surface is green, the whole herb has the effects of clearing heat, promoting urination, removing blood stasis and stopping bleeding, and the high cellulose is contained.
Pennisetum alopecuroides of Jujun grass family belongs to four-carbon plants, has high photosynthesis rate which is twice that of wheat, developed root system, high tillering speed, enlarged leaf area, strong stress resistance, adaptability to various soils, seldom occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the whole growth period, high growth speed, the average plant height of planted plants in the same year up to 4-5 meters, more than 20 tons of fresh grass produced per mu per year, and more than 6 tons of carbon dioxide absorbed per mu in the south. The stalks are rich in nutrition, contain 16.92 percent of crude protein, 3 to 4 times of the corn stalks, 1.74 percent of crude fat and 8.3 percent of total sugar, and the pennisetum hydridum contains a large amount of crude fiber and lignin.
The pine needles contain rich crude cellulose, crude protein, fat, various vitamins and trace mineral elements, wherein the pasture with high nutrient content is called as pasture with the highest content of crude protein of 7-12 percent, the highest content of fat of 7-12 percent, the content of carbohydrate of 3-15 percent, the content of various amino acids of 6-9 percent, and the content of manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, magnesium and molybdenum of which are higher than those of alfalfa and violaxys. The content of the grass is 2 times of that of common pasture. It contains more than 20 amino acids and more than 10 vitamins, carotene, and has effects of increasing resistance of pig to diseases, promoting growth and reproduction, and inhibiting Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus dysenteriae, etc.
The radix Gentianae contains gentiopicroside, has effects of invigorating stomach and digestion, promoting gastric secretion of swinery, increasing acidity in intestine and stomach, and improving pig appetite, and is suitable for raising piglets or fattening pigs, and increasing daily gain of fattening pigs.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the main raw materials adopted by the feed are leguminous straws, pennisetum giganteum, pine needles, iron mangoes and gentian, and the feed has the characteristics of wide sources and low price, so that the feed is low in preparation cost, some medicinal components contained in the feed can obviously improve the immunity of livestock, the disease occurrence frequency can be reduced after the feed is eaten for a long time, and the weight gain is more obvious.
2. The invention firstly uses a chemical method to carry out alkali treatment on materials such as crushed straws and the like, the alkali treatment can dissolve and destroy the association between cellulose and lignin, so that the cellulose is hydrolyzed, and because the lignin and the cellulose in the grass plant straws are combined by lipid bonds, the lipid bonds are easy to be saponified with alkali and easy to break, a slightly alkaline living environment can be created for the later-stage microbial growth, the content of dietary fiber in the subsequent products can be higher than 90 percent, which is one of the main measures of the invention that can improve the nutritive value and the digestibility of grass meal.
3. The main raw materials of the feed are green plants, no adverse effect is brought to livestock feeding, the processing method is simple and feasible, manpower and material resources are saved, and the livestock fed by the feed has high yield, high quality of livestock meat and good taste.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
embodiment 1, the grass meal feed comprises, by mass, 200 parts of leguminous straws, 120 parts of pennisetum giganteum, 50 parts of pine needles, 10 parts of miscanthus floridulus, 10 parts of felwort, 120 parts of polished rice bran and 150 parts of soybean meal, and further comprises a biological fermentation agent accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials and an alkaline treatment solution accounting for 2-5 times of the total amount of the raw materials, wherein the mass concentration of the alkaline treatment solution is 2-5%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of raw materials: respectively drying leguminous straws, pennisetum giganteum, pine needles, iron mangoes and gentian till the water content is 10%, and then respectively crushing the materials to the particle size of 5-10 mm;
(2) mixing: mixing the pulverized leguminous straw, the pennisetum hydridum, the pine needle, the iron dustpan and the gentian in proportion and uniformly stirring the materials;
(3) alkali treatment: firstly, spraying an alkaline treatment solution on a material, carrying out alkaline treatment at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ for 2.5 hours, then carrying out centrifugal separation, and adjusting the pH value to 7.5-8 by using acetic acid, wherein the material is microscopically alkaline;
(4) fermenting, namely mixing the milled rice bran and the soybean meal with the centrifugally separated materials, spraying a biological leavening agent on the surface of the mixed materials, uniformly mixing again, and then fermenting the mixed materials in a closed manner for 3-10 days;
(5) drying and powdering, drying the fermented mixed material and powdering to obtain the grass meal feed;
the grass meal feed is matched with corn flour, salt, multiple vitamins and trace elements to be eaten by livestock, wherein the weight ratio of the grass meal feed to the corn flour to the salt to the multiple vitamins to the trace elements is 35: 47: 0.2: 0.01:0.05.
Embodiment 2, the grass meal feed comprises 300 parts by mass of leguminous straws, 200 parts by mass of pennisetum hydridum, 130 parts by mass of pine needles, 30 parts by mass of miscanthus floridulus, 30 parts by mass of gentian, 150 parts by mass of polished rice bran and 210 parts by mass of soybean meal, and further comprises a biological fermentation agent accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials and an alkaline treatment solution accounting for 2-5 times of the total amount of the raw materials.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of raw materials: respectively drying leguminous straws, pennisetum giganteum, pine needles, iron mangoes and gentian till the water content is 12%, and then respectively crushing the materials to the particle size of 5-10 mm;
(2) mixing: mixing the pulverized leguminous straw, the pennisetum hydridum, the pine needle, the iron dustpan and the gentian in proportion and uniformly stirring the materials;
(3) alkali treatment: firstly, spraying an alkaline treatment solution on a material, carrying out alkaline treatment at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ for 3 hours, then carrying out centrifugal separation, and adjusting the pH value to 7.5-8 by using acetic acid, wherein the material is microscopically alkaline;
(4) fermenting, namely mixing the milled rice bran and the soybean meal with the centrifugally separated materials, spraying a biological leavening agent on the surface of the mixed materials, uniformly mixing again, and then fermenting the mixed materials in a closed manner for 3-10 days;
(5) drying and powdering, drying the fermented mixed material and powdering to obtain the grass meal feed;
the grass meal feed is matched with corn flour, salt, multiple vitamins and trace elements to be eaten by livestock, wherein the weight ratio of the grass meal feed to the corn flour to the salt to the multiple vitamins to the trace elements is 38: 45: 0.3: 0.01:0.05.
Embodiment 3, the grass meal feed comprises, by mass, 270 parts of leguminous straws, 150 parts of pennisetum sinese roxb, 70 parts of pine needles, 20 parts of miscanthus floridus, 20 parts of felwort, 130 parts of polished rice bran and 180 parts of soybean meal, and further comprises a biological fermentation agent accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials and an alkaline treatment solution accounting for 2-5 times of the total amount of the raw materials.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of raw materials: respectively drying leguminous straws, pennisetum giganteum, pine needles, iron mangoes and gentian till the water content is 12%, and then respectively crushing the materials to the particle size of 5-10 mm;
(2) mixing: mixing the pulverized leguminous straw, the pennisetum hydridum, the pine needle, the iron dustpan and the gentian in proportion and uniformly stirring the materials;
(3) alkali treatment: firstly, spraying an alkaline treatment solution on a material, carrying out alkaline treatment at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ for 3 hours, then carrying out centrifugal separation, and adjusting the pH value to 7.5-8 by using acetic acid, wherein the material is microscopically alkaline;
(4) fermenting, namely mixing the milled rice bran and the soybean meal with the centrifugally separated materials, spraying a biological leavening agent on the surface of the mixed materials, uniformly mixing again, and then fermenting the mixed materials in a closed manner for 3-10 days;
(5) drying and powdering, drying the fermented mixed material and powdering to obtain the grass meal feed;
the grass meal feed is matched with corn flour, salt, multiple vitamins and trace elements to be eaten by livestock, wherein the weight ratio of the grass meal feed to the corn flour to the salt to the multiple vitamins to the trace elements is 40: 50: 0.3: 0.01:0.05.
Embodiment 4, the grass meal feed comprises 250 parts of leguminous straws, 140 parts of pennisetum sinese roxb, 100 parts of pine needles, 18 parts of miscanthus sinensis, 20 parts of felwort, 140 parts of polished rice bran and 190 parts of soybean meal according to the mass parts of the raw materials, and further comprises a biological fermentation agent accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials and an alkaline treatment solution accounting for 2-5 times of the total amount of the raw materials.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of raw materials: respectively drying leguminous straws, pennisetum giganteum, pine needles, iron mangoes and gentian till the water content is 12%, and then respectively crushing the materials to the particle size of 5-10 mm;
(2) mixing: mixing the pulverized leguminous straw, the pennisetum hydridum, the pine needle, the iron dustpan and the gentian in proportion and uniformly stirring the materials;
(3) alkali treatment: firstly, spraying an alkaline treatment solution on a material, carrying out alkaline treatment at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ for 3 hours, then carrying out centrifugal separation, and adjusting the pH value to 7.5-8 by using acetic acid, wherein the material is microscopically alkaline;
(4) fermenting, namely mixing the milled rice bran and the soybean meal with the centrifugally separated materials, spraying a biological leavening agent on the surface of the mixed materials, uniformly mixing again, and then fermenting the mixed materials in a closed manner for 3-10 days;
(5) drying and powdering, drying the fermented mixed material and powdering to obtain the grass meal feed;
the grass meal feed is matched with corn flour, salt, multiple vitamins and trace elements to be eaten by livestock, wherein the weight ratio of the grass meal feed to the corn flour to the salt to the multiple vitamins to the trace elements is 40: 47: 0.3: 0.01:0.05.
And (3) verification test:
the experimental groups select 30 healthy piglets of 20-25 kg, and the piglets are randomly divided into five groups, namely an example 1, an example 3 and a control group.
Feeding management: examples 1, 3 and the control group were all kept in the same environment, i.e. keeping the pen clean and ventilated, single-pen feeding, weighing for feeding, four times daily feeding, free drinking.
The control group used example 1 in the reference mentioned in the background.
Test results after 50 days of feeding, the statistical results are as follows:
Figure BDA0003474304290000061
in a feeding period of 50 days, 1 time is counted when the disease is ill, and 1 time is counted when the disease is ill again after the disease is cured.
The statistical results show that the yield of the pork pigs fed by the grass meal feed is slightly higher than that of the pork pigs fed by the background technology, but the number of times that the piglets are sick is obviously reduced, which is enough to prove that the immunity of the piglets fed by the grass meal feed is obviously improved.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge of known specific structures and features of the embodiments is not described herein in any greater detail. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. The grass meal feed is characterized by comprising, by mass, 200-300 parts of leguminous straws, 120-200 parts of pennisetum giganteum, 50-130 parts of pine needles, 10-30 parts of iron mangosteen, 10-30 parts of felwort, 120-150 parts of polished rice bran and 150-210 parts of soybean meal, and further comprising a biological fermentation agent accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials and an alkaline treatment solution accounting for 2-5 times of the total amount of the raw materials, wherein the mass concentration of the alkaline treatment solution is 2-5%.
2. A grass meal feed according to claim 1, characterised in that: the raw materials comprise, by mass, 200 parts of leguminous straws, 120 parts of pennisetum sinese roxb, 50 parts of pine needles, 10 parts of iron mangosteen, 10 parts of felwort, 120 parts of polished rice bran and 150 parts of soybean meal, and further comprise a biological fermentation agent accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials and an alkaline treatment solution accounting for 2-5 times of the total amount of the raw materials.
3. A grass meal feed according to claim 1, characterised in that: the raw materials comprise, by mass, 300 parts of leguminous straws, 200 parts of pennisetum sinese roxb, 130 parts of pine needles, 30 parts of iron mangoes, 30 parts of felwort, 150 parts of polished rice bran and 210 parts of soybean meal, and further comprise a biological fermentation agent accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials and an alkaline treatment solution accounting for 2-5 times of the total amount of the raw materials.
4. A grass meal feed according to claim 3, characterised in that: the raw materials comprise, by mass, 270 parts of leguminous straws, 150 parts of pennisetum sinese roxb, 70 parts of pine needles, 20 parts of iron mangosteen, 20 parts of felwort, 130 parts of polished rice bran and 180 parts of soybean meal, and further comprise a biological fermentation agent accounting for 1% of the total amount of the raw materials and an alkaline treatment solution accounting for 2-5 times of the total amount of the raw materials.
5. A method of processing a grass meal feed according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: respectively drying leguminous straws, pennisetum giganteum, pine needles, iron mangoes and gentian till the water content is 6-12%, and then respectively crushing the materials to the particle size of 5-10 mm;
(2) mixing: mixing the crushed leguminous straws, the pennisetum giganteum, the pine needles, the iron mangosteen and the gentian in proportion and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material;
(3) alkali treatment: spraying an alkaline treatment solution on the mixed material, performing alkaline treatment at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ for 1.5-3.5 hours, and then performing centrifugal separation;
(4) fermenting, namely mixing the milled rice bran and the soybean meal with the centrifugally separated materials in proportion, spraying a biological leavening agent on the surface of the mixed material, uniformly mixing again, and then fermenting the mixed material in a closed manner for 3-10 days;
(5) drying and powdering, drying the fermented mixed material and powdering to obtain the grass meal feed;
the grass meal feed is matched with corn flour, salt, multiple vitamins and trace elements to be eaten by livestock.
6. A method of processing a grass meal feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: the weight ratio of the grass meal feed to the corn flour to the salt to the vitamins to the trace elements is 35-40: 47-50: 0.2-0.3: 0.01:0.05.
7. The method for processing grass meal feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: and (3) during alkali treatment in the step (3), adjusting the pH value to 7.5-8, and selecting acetic acid with the mass concentration of 5-10% as an adjusting agent.
CN202210050944.4A 2022-01-17 2022-01-17 Grass meal feed and processing method thereof Pending CN114304388A (en)

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