CN111434237A - Method for reducing tannin and xylem content in caragana microphylla and caragana microphylla feed processing method - Google Patents
Method for reducing tannin and xylem content in caragana microphylla and caragana microphylla feed processing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for reducing the content of tannin and xylem in caragana microphylla and a caragana microphylla feed processing method, which are characterized in that picked caragana microphylla is collected, mechanically crushed and cut into a mixture of xylem and tender branch leaves, the xylem is separated from the tender branch leaves by a winnowing machine, the xylem is sent into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion, the generated plant ash and the tender branch leaves are mixed and then sent into a crusher for secondary crushing, and then sent into the dryer for drying, a heat source for drying is provided by the combustion of the xylem, most lignified components in the finished caragana microphylla feed are removed, or proper amount of soda, caustic soda, hydrated lime and polyethylene glycol are mixed to remove tannin by various methods such as heating and puffing, the palatability of the caragana microphylla is improved, the whole caragana microphylla plant can be fully utilized, additional value-added products are generated, and the palatability of the caragana microp, the method solves the problems of improving palatability of caragana microphylla, low utilization rate of caragana microphylla and high cost, which have plagued the country for a long time, in a cheap way.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving palatability of caragana forage, in particular to a method for reducing lignification components and tannin content of caragana forage and a processing technology of complete pellet feed taking caragana as a main component.
Background
Caragana microphylla is a perennial shrub, a perennial leguminous bush plant of caragana, has high contents of crude protein, crude fat, various trace elements and vitamins, blooms to the fruiting stage, tender branches and leaves, the flower contains 22-30% of crude protein, each kilogram of flower season can air-dry digestible crude protein contained in branches and leaves, which is equivalent to 2 kilograms of corn and 0.8 kilogram of pea, the caragana microphylla can be cut down once every three years, the ecological function of the caragana microphylla can not be damaged in the cutting down process, the caragana microphylla can be more vigorously developed, 60-100 branches can be grown in each plant after cutting down, a dense plant cluster is formed, the caragana microphylla can grow to more than 1 meter in the same year, the moisture content of the caragana microphylla collected in each mu through the cutting down process can be below 25%, the average volume can be above 300Kg, and the record of the highest acre yield can be 2000Kg in some high-yield areas where the caragan.
The caragana microphylla is used as biofuel, has high utilization value, can be used as high-quality fuel or high-quality raw material of biofuel due to the biological characteristic that branches and stems contain high-proportion oil and fat components, generates about 4000 kilocalories of average heat energy, is equivalent to the calorific value of clean coal, particularly is excellent fuel for xylem of stems of the caragana microphylla, and has ash content of less than 10 percent after combustion.
The caragana microphylla is shrub in form, 1.5-5 meters high, developed in root system, generally 5-6 meters deep into the soil, about 9 meters deep at the deepest, and more than 20 meters horizontally extending, has strong ecological suitability and stress resistance, has a service life of dozens of years and hundreds of years, and has very strong wind-proof and sand-fixing capabilities, so that the caragana microphylla are widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions in the north of China, sand-proof and sand-retaining strategic engineering is implemented in the west of the country for many years, and the caragana microphylla is developed in the west of China and extends to cover the western parts of the vast countries in Liaoning: in provinces such as Shanxi, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang, Tibet and the like, China repulses huge capital to plant caragana microphylla which is a sand prevention and fixation plant, only the caragana microphylla area is planted in the middle and the west of inner Mongolia, the area is more than ten million mu, and according to the growth characteristics of the caragana microphylla, the caragana microphylla growing in three years is treated, otherwise the caragana microphylla withers and dies, but because the caragana microphylla has no cheap and effective technical breakthrough in treating the side effect of tannin and solving the problem of palatability, the country needs to give corresponding fund subsidies to each mu of flat stubble areas when the caragana microphylla is subjected to flat stubble, and therefore, the planting and maintenance cost of the caragana microp.
At present, in China, the natural distribution and artificial planting area of only the three north areas reaches millions of hectares, a huge amount of caragana microphylla branches and leaves are generated in the stumping process, caragana microphylla becomes a very rich potential forage grass resource, the caragana microphylla contains rich crude protein, starch and trace elements, is an animal forage grass rich in nutrition and even is not inferior to alfalfa, but due to the plant characteristics of the caragana microphylla, the lignified branch and stem components are higher than the tender branch and leaf components, so the lignified component proportion causing poor palatability of ruminants is higher, and due to the fact that the caragana microphylla contains a large amount of tannin components, the palatability of herbivorous domestic animals such as cattle and sheep to the caragana microphylla forage grass is extremely poor, and the phenomenon of food refusal is generated.
For years, the tannin component in the caragana microphylla is the biggest bottleneck for preventing the caragana microphylla from being converted into feed, the caragana microphylla processed by the existing caragana microphylla processing method is to crush the whole caragana microphylla plant, and the caragana microphylla processed by the method is bitter and astringent in taste, even has toxic and side effects on herbivores such as cattle and sheep and the like when being serious, and influences the development and growth of the cattle and sheep; at present, the method for utilizing the caragana microphylla raw material is to mix nutritive substances with good palatability such as alfalfa, corn, protein and the like in caragana microphylla powder to dilute the proportion of unfavorable components such as tannin, lignin and the like of the caragana microphylla, so that the mixing proportion of the caragana microphylla powder which is not treated by the tannin and lignification components cannot exceed 30 percent generally, otherwise the harmful components in the caragana microphylla influence the side effect and the palatability in the mixture, and the existing technology is low in efficiency and high in cost in the aspect of caragana microphylla treatment, so that the caragana microphylla forage resource cannot be fully and cheaply.
If lignified stems, tannin and other harmful substances in caragana microphylla forage grass can be eliminated or effectively reduced by a cheap method, and caragana microphylla is used as a main raw material for producing the forage, a new way is opened up for the animal husbandry forage industry, the contradictions of food competition between people and livestock of cattle and sheep forage, insufficient forage grass, high cost and the like are solved, abundant caragana microphylla resources can be fully utilized, the feeding cost of cattle and sheep and other livestock can be reduced, the enthusiasm of peasants for planting caragana microphylla is promoted, the national subsidy and expenditure are reduced, and the problems of desertification and greening are solved at the same time, so the development of the cheap palatable caragana microphylla forage has wide market prospect of sustainable development, circular economy, green production and environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for reducing the contents of tannin and xylem in caragana microphylla and a processing technology of complete feed taking caragana microphylla as a main component, aiming at solving the problems that caragana microphylla is used as a main raw material of feed, cattle, sheep and other livestock are unwilling to eat, the cost of traditional caragana microphylla raw feed is high and the like; the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a method for reducing tannin and xylem content in caragana microphylla comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting caragana microphylla original plants picked by stumping and removing impurities;
(2) crushing the caragana microphylla original plant once by a mechanical mode, and crushing the plant into mixed fragments containing xylem and tender branch leaves of 2-25 cm;
(3) sending the mixed fragments into a winnowing machine for winnowing, and separating the mixed fragments into two parts, namely a xylem part and a tender branch leaf part; the ratio of lignified components of the separated tender branch leaves in the step is less than that of the whole caragana microphylla plant, and the palatability is improved; the lignified components in the xylem separated in the step have a higher proportion than the whole plant of the original caragana microphylla, and the fuel value is higher when the caragana microphylla is used as fuel;
(4) feeding the separated xylem into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion, and collecting plant ash generated after combustion; the lignified part of the caragana microphylla is separated and combusted to provide heat energy for the drying chamber; compared with the mode of burning coal, gas or electric energy for heating, the scheme of the invention has the advantages of saving fuel and energy consumption expenditure and greatly reducing the feed processing cost;
(5) in the separated tender branch and leaf parts, the weight percentage is calculated according to the following formula that 1-9% of plant ash: mixing plant ash into 91-99% of the tender branches and leaves to form a mixed part of the plant ash and the tender branches and leaves;
(6) feeding the mixed part into a pulverizer for secondary pulverization to form flocculent caragana microphylla powder part with the diameter less than 1.2 mm; in the crushing process, when the blades of the crusher cut the tender branch leaves, a certain amount of water is generated and is combined with plant ash to be more fully mixed with the tender branch leaves and the caragana microphylla powder, so that the effect of reducing tannin by the plant ash is realized;
(7) and (4) conveying the caragana microphylla powder part into a drying chamber of a dryer, drying at the temperature of 140-280 ℃ for 3-10 minutes, and discharging to form dry caragana microphylla powder with the moisture content of less than 15%, wherein the heat source of the dryer is provided by the heat energy generated by the combustion of the wood part in the step (4).
After the caragana microphylla raw material is subjected to primary crushing, lignified components in most of the whole caragana microphylla plants are separated by a wind separation method, and partial tannin in the caragana microphylla is removed by using the lignified components as a heat source to dry the tender branch leaves of the caragana microphylla; the method comprises the steps of improving the palatability of caragana microphylla by a plurality of methods, and finally forming dry caragana microphylla powder, wherein the tannin content of the caragana microphylla is reduced by 50-65% compared with that of the caragana microphylla raw wood, the lignin and lignification content of the caragana microphylla raw wood are reduced by 35-45% compared with that of the caragana microphylla raw wood, and meanwhile, the xylem with small nutrient content is eliminated, so that the nutrient content of the dry caragana microphylla powder is increased by 30-40%.
Further, the mixing part is used for mixing the plant ash in the step (4) and distilled water according to the mass fraction of 2-18: 98-82, mixing, dissolving and filtering to obtain a plant ash aqueous solution, wherein the plant ash aqueous solution is formed by atomizing and spraying 1 part of the plant ash aqueous solution and 1-5 parts of tender branch leaves in percentage by mass; the water solution of the plant ash keeps the effective alkaline components of the degraded tannin in the plant ash, and part of the ash insoluble in water in the plant ash is filtered in the filtering step, so that the influence of the ash on the feed quality is reduced.
Further, the mixing part is formed by adding soda into the plant ash aqueous solution to form a plant ash/soda mixed aqueous solution, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10-12 by adjusting the proportion of distilled water; the soda is alkaline, and the plant ash/soda water alkaline solution after mixing the soda can neutralize more types of tannin components, thereby improving the effect of reducing tannin.
Further, the mixing part is formed by adding one or more of caustic soda, slaked lime and polyethylene glycol into the plant ash aqueous solution and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10-12 by adjusting the proportion of distilled water; the caustic soda is alkaline, and the alkaline solution of the plant ash/caustic soda water after the caustic soda is mixed can neutralize more types of tannin components, so that the effect of reducing the tannin content is improved; the sodium hydroxide can be replaced by calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) or partially replaced by calcium hydroxide, and the effect of reducing the tannin content can be achieved; each component of hydrated lime, caustic soda or polyethylene glycol and the like can be properly added into the plant ash aqueous solution, and the proportion of each component is adjusted to be suitable for the change of the tannin content in the caragana microphylla collected in different seasons and the change of the tannin component types in the caragana microphylla collected in different regions, so that the tannin content is effectively reduced.
Furthermore, the drying chamber of the dryer is a sealing device, the internal pressure born by the drying chamber is more than 8 atmospheric pressures, and the drying chamber is provided with a quick air release device; in the heating process of the sealed drying chamber, the water-containing part of the tender branch leaf part in the dried mixture inside is evaporated and the pressure in the furnace is gradually increased, after the pressure is acted for a period of time, the pressure is rapidly released through a rapid air release opening arranged on the drying chamber, the mixing part is puffed in the pressure reduction process, and the method can further reduce the tannin in the caragana microphylla.
Further, the xylem is mixed with xylem components of other types of crops; the wood part is mixed with other wood or straws of other crops, so that the combustion heat can be increased, and the components of the generated plant ash can be improved; according to different seasons, when the ratio of the xylem content in the collected caragana microphylla raw material is low, the shortage of the xylem fuel value can be made up by mixing other wood fuels, and the alkalinity of the plant ash and the nutrient content of the plant ash as a fertilizer can be adjusted at any time under the condition of not influencing the alkalinity of the generated plant ash.
Further, in the step (4), the xylem is processed into the biological granular fuel or other physical forms suitable for combustion, and then the biological granular fuel is sent into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion and provides drying heat energy; the xylem fuel subjected to the biofuel granulation treatment is more uniform, sufficient and environment-friendly in combustion, plant ash loss is reduced, pollution of generated smoke dust to the caragana microphylla processing process is avoided, redundant biofuel particles can be packaged and sold, and therefore the production and processing cost of enterprises is further reduced, and the utilization value of the caragana microphylla is increased while waste is avoided; especially, when the ratio of xylem contained in the caragana microphylla raw material collected in some seasons is high, the rest caragana microphylla xylem can be smashed into small particles with uniform size by a pulverizer so as to be suitable for combustion conditions, and the method can enable the xylem to be more fully combusted and more fully utilize the excellent fuel performance of the caragana microphylla.
Further, collecting and packaging the redundant plant ash generated by burning the xylem; the plant ash is an excellent inorganic fertilizer for peasants, and the production and processing cost of enterprises can be further reduced by selling the surplus plant ash for the second time in the production process.
Further, feeding the dry caragana microphylla powder into a granulator to prepare granules with the water content of less than 12%; the granulating process comprises a process of extruding dry caragana microphylla powder by high mechanical pressure, wherein the tannin content of the dry caragana microphylla powder can be further reduced by 10-15% in the high-pressure extruding process, the caragana microphylla particles generated in the granulating process can further reduce the tannin content of the caragana microphylla, and lignification ingredients in the caragana microphylla particles are reduced by the aid of the process, so that the caragana microphylla particles can be mixed with pellet feeds of other ingredients in a large proportion to form mixed pellet feeds for various purposes.
Compared with the tannin content of the caragana microphylla stock plant, the caragana microphylla pellet feed generated by the steps and the method reduces 60-80%, the lignification content reduces 35-45%, and the nutritional ingredients are improved by 30-40%; in the process of improving the caragana microphylla palatability by the method and the flow, the whole caragana microphylla can be fully utilized without abandon, not only is energy saved, but also by-products are generated to create revenue for enterprises, the method is a method for processing the caragana microphylla by using low-cost energy-saving and environment-friendly, solves the problem of improving the caragana microphylla palatability, which puzzles the country for a long time, can more fully utilize the wide planting resources of the caragana microphylla, provides solid technology for the promotion and planting of the caragana microphylla industry and the improvement of the enthusiasma of farmers for planting the caragana microphylla, and lays a firm foundation for the animal husbandry development in cara.
The invention also provides a processing technology of a complete feed taking caragana microphylla as a main component according to the dry caragana microphylla powder produced by the steps, and the specific components of the caragana microphylla complete pellet feed are as follows: the dry caragana microphylla powder obtained by the steps comprises the following steps: 65-72 parts, and wheat bran: 8-12 parts of corn: 12-18 parts of stone powder: 0.3-0.4 parts of sodium hydrogen phosphate: 0.5-1.5 parts of salt: 0.5-0.8 part of additive: 0.5-1.5 parts of soybean meal: 3-5 parts of additives, wherein the additives comprise trace elements, components for assisting digestion and components for improving palatability, such as vitamins, edible spices, yeast and the like, which are necessary for ruminants such as cattle, sheep and the like, and the materials are fully stirred and then are sent into a granulator to form complete granulated feed mainly comprising caragana microphylla; according to the proportion, the components are fully mixed and then sent into a granulator, the granulator extrudes the dry caragana microphylla powder and the mixture in the granulation process, and simultaneously, the water contained in the dry caragana microphylla powder is further extruded and reduced to be less than 12% of the caragana microphylla component; making into full-value granule product containing Caragana microphylla as main ingredient; the granulator applies huge pressure to the dry caragana microphylla powder and the mixture in the granulating process, and the dry caragana microphylla powder can further remove tannin in a part of the dry caragana microphylla powder under the action of high pressure through extrusion of the granulator, so that the palatability of the caragana microphylla and the mixed feed is further improved.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a process for reducing the tannin and xylem content of caragana microphylla.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the invention, the invention will be further clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments; it should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
A method for reducing tannin and xylem content in caragana microphylla is realized by the following steps:
(1) collecting caragana microphylla original plants picked by stumping and removing impurities;
(2) crushing the caragana microphylla original plant once by a mechanical mode, and crushing the plant into mixed fragments containing xylem and tender branch leaves of 2-25 cm;
(3) sending the mixed fragments into a winnowing machine for winnowing, and separating the mixed fragments into two parts, namely a xylem part and a tender branch leaf part;
(4) feeding the separated xylem into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion, and collecting plant ash generated after combustion;
(5) in the separated tender branch and leaf parts, the weight percentage is calculated according to the following formula that 1-9% of plant ash: mixing plant ash into 91-99% of the tender branches and leaves to form a mixed part of the plant ash and the tender branches and leaves;
(6) feeding the mixed part into a pulverizer for secondary pulverization to form flocculent caragana microphylla powder part with the diameter less than 1.2 mm;
(7) and (4) conveying the caragana microphylla powder part into a drying chamber of a dryer, drying at the temperature of 140-280 ℃ for 3-10 minutes, and discharging to form dry caragana microphylla powder with the moisture content of less than 15%, wherein the heat source of the dryer is provided by the heat energy generated by the combustion of the wood part in the step (4).
Preferably, the mixing part is used for mixing the plant ash and the distilled water in the step (4) according to a mass ratio of 2-18: 98-82, mixing and dissolving to form a plant ash aqueous solution, filtering, wherein the filtered aqueous solution part is a solution 1: the ratio of the tender branch leaf parts 1-5 is atomized and sprayed to the tender branch leaf parts.
Preferably, the mixing part is formed by adding soda to the plant ash solution to form a mixed aqueous solution of the plant ash/soda, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10-12 by adjusting the proportion of distilled water.
Preferably, the mixing part is formed by adding one or more of caustic soda, slaked lime and polyethylene glycol into the plant ash solution and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10-12 by adjusting the proportion of distilled water.
Preferably, the drying chamber of the dryer is a sealing device, the drying chamber bears an internal pressure greater than 8 atmospheric pressures, and the drying chamber is provided with a quick air release device.
Preferably, the xylem is mixed with xylem components of other types of crops.
Preferably, in the step (4), the xylem is processed into the bio-pellet fuel or other forms suitable for combustion, and then is sent into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion and provides drying heat energy.
Preferably, excess plant ash from the burning xylem is collected and packaged for disposal.
Preferably, the dry caragana microphylla powder is fed into a granulator to prepare granules with the water content of less than 12%.
Example 1: taking caragana microphylla planting base of caragana microphylla towns in the middle region of inner Mongolia as an example, in the full-bloom season of caragana microphylla in 7-8 months, caragana microphylla in 3-4 years after the last stumping is collected by a caragana microphylla special harvester, the content of crude protein of the caragana microphylla in the season is 23%, the content of crude fiber is 27.9%, the content of crude fat is 2.85%, the content of nutrient components of the caragana microphylla is optimal at the moment, and the content of lignified parts is the least.
The caragana microphylla harvester cuts caragana microphylla into large sections in the collection process so as to facilitate shipment, and the caragana microphylla is loaded and conveyed to a processing base to be treated after impurities are selected.
Mechanically pulverizing caragana microphylla original plant to form caragana microphylla fragments with the length of 2-25cm, wherein the caragana microphylla fragments comprise xylem rich in lignification components and tender branch leaf parts rich in nutritional components in caragana microphylla, conveying the caragana microphylla fragments into a winnowing machine for winnowing, and separating the xylem from the tender branch leaf parts in the caragana microphylla fragments by the winnowing machine; under the action of wind force, the xylem with larger body type and density is vertically fallen, and the tender branch and leaf with smaller density are blown away, so that the xylem and tender branch and leaf are roughly separated, and the proportion of the lignified component separated can be regulated in real time by regulating the wind force, and the method separates the lignified xylem part with lower nutrient content and influencing the palatability of livestock from the tender branch and leaf part by air separation, and separates the tender branch and leaf part with enriched nutrient component, and the coarse fiber, lignin and lignified component in the xylem part contained in the tender branch and leaf part selected by the step are correspondingly reduced, so that the influence of the palatability harmful to the livestock can be reduced, and the digestion burden of ruminants such as cattle and sheep is reduced, in the embodiment, the ligneous part selected by air separation accounts for 35-45% of the raw material of the caragana, and the effective nutrient components of the separated tender stem and leaf part are made to fall away, compared with the content before separation, the content is improved by 30-40%.
Collecting the separated xylem, feeding the xylem into a combustion furnace of a dryer for combustion, uniformly scattering the collected plant ash into the tender branch leaves according to the proportion of 6% of the total mass of the tender branch leaves to form a mixed part of the plant ash and the tender branch leaves, feeding the mixed part into a secondary crusher through a conveyor belt for secondary crushing to obtain flocculent caragana microphylla powder with the diameter of less than 1.2mm, fully mixing the plant ash and the tender branch leaves in the crushing process, and performing neutralization reaction on the alkalinity of the plant ash and acidic substances of tannin, wherein the tannin content of the tender branch leaves can be reduced by 25-30% in the process.
Then the caragana microphylla powder part is sent into a drying chamber of a drying furnace of a dryer, the caragana microphylla powder part is dried for 8 minutes at 148 ℃ according to the water content of the caragana microphylla powder part and taken out of the drying chamber, the dried caragana microphylla powder part is dried for 8 minutes, the water content of the caragana microphylla powder part is formed, the tannin in the caragana microphylla powder part is removed along with the volatilization of steam of the water content of the tender branch leaves, the tannin content in the caragana microphylla powder part can be reduced by 25-35 percent in the drying process, the heat source of the dryer is obtained by burning the wood part of the separated caragana microphylla, the wood part of the caragana microphylla is a high-quality fuel heat source, the method saves energy consumption for heating, improves the palatability of the caragana microphylla forage, simultaneously enables the caragana microphylla to generate, can also be used as a mixed forage grass raw material of other pellet feeds; through tests, the pH value of the aqueous solution of the dry caragana microphylla powder treated by the step is similar to that of an equal proportion aqueous solution of equal quality high-quality pasture alfalfa.
In the previous step, the tannin content in the dry caragana microphylla powder is reduced to 50-65% of the original caragana microphylla plant, and the mixing amount of the dry caragana microphylla powder serving as a raw material of the complete feed can be increased to not less than 60% or even higher from 20-30% of the untreated tannin.
Example 2: the method comprises the following steps of conveying the dry caragana microphylla powder into a granulator through a belt, extruding the dry caragana microphylla powder in the granulating process of the granulator, extruding water and reducing the water content to be less than 12%, compressing the dry caragana microphylla powder into a caragana microphylla pellet feed according to the volume ratio of 5:1 by the granulator, airing and packing the caragana microphylla pellet feed in a bag, compressing the dry caragana microphylla powder by the granulator in the granulating process, enabling the compression process to generate heat under the strong pressure, further reducing the tannin content by 10-15% through the combined action of extrusion and heat, and reducing the tannin content in caragana microphylla stock plant by 60-80% and the content of lignified parts by 35-45% before and after a plurality of the steps and increasing the nutrient.
Example 3: in the whole caragana microphylla collected in the flowering season of caragana microphylla, the lignified part content is low, and the situation that the fuel value is insufficient can occur in the lignified combustion process in the embodiment 1, in the embodiment, the xylem of the caragana microphylla with rich lignified part content in other seasons can be called, or the straws of crops such as sunflower and corn are collected to be used as mixed fuel, and the step provides a path for pollution-free treatment of local agricultural straws; in the caragana microphylla feed production enterprises, as the caragana microphylla is collected in different seasons, the ratio of lignified components of the caragana microphylla is greatly changed, in order to increase social benefits, the lignified components are usually prepared into biofuel, so that on one hand, the storage and the sale are convenient, and on the other hand, the energy conservation and the emission reduction can be realized, and on the other hand, when the caragana microphylla fuel is used as the fuel of a drying furnace, the combustion of the bio-pellet fuel is more; the excess plant ash generated by burning the xylem can be collected and packaged for sale treatment; therefore, the scheme not only enables the collected caragana microphylla to be used without abandoning by 100%, but also reduces a large amount of electric energy consumed in the drying step, and can generate high value-added products derived from biofuel, plant ash and the like.
Example 4: firstly, processing the xylem into biological granular fuel or processing the xylem into other forms suitable for combustion, and then sending the biological granular fuel into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion and providing drying heat energy; specifically, in embodiment 1, the collected xylem is processed into a bio-pellet fuel or processed into other forms suitable for sufficient combustion, and then the bio-pellet fuel is fed into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion and provides drying heat energy, the biomass-pelletized xylem fuel is more uniform, sufficient and environment-friendly in combustion, meanwhile, pollution of smoke dust such as generated ash to the caragana microphylla processing process is avoided, and redundant bio-fuel pellets can be packaged and sold, so that the production and processing cost of enterprises is further reduced, and the utilization value of caragana microphylla is increased while waste is avoided; especially, when the ratio of the xylem contained in the caragana microphylla raw material collected in some seasons is high, the rest caragana microphylla xylem can be smashed into small particles with uniform size by a pulverizer so as to be suitable for combustion, and the method can fully utilize the excellent fuel performance of the caragana microphylla.
Example 5: in order to enhance the tannin eliminating effect, in the above example 1, the plant ash produced by burning the xylem of caragana microphylla is mixed with distilled water in a mass ratio of 6: 94, mixing and dissolving to form a plant ash aqueous solution, and atomizing and spraying the solution into tender branches and leaves according to a liquid/solid ratio of 1:1 in an atomizing and spraying manner through the filtered solution; the step reduces the proportion of insoluble components in the plant ash mixed into the caragana microphylla feed, and meanwhile, the spraying can moisten the outer surface of the tender branch leaves, increase the mixing uniformity of the plant ash alkali solution, and enable the alkaline plant ash solution to more easily go deep into the tender branch leaves, thereby enhancing the effect of reducing the tannin component.
In order to enhance the tannin removing effect, soda is properly added into the plant ash solution, the pH value of the plant ash/soda solution after the soda is mixed is adjusted to be 11 by adjusting the proportion of distilled water, the soda is alkaline, and the plant ash/soda alkaline solution after the soda is mixed can neutralize more types of tannin components, so that the tannin reducing effect is improved, and the soda has an eliminating effect on the tannin components in the caragana microphylla according to the test.
In order to enhance the tannin removal effect, caustic soda is properly added into the plant ash solution or the plant ash/soda solution to form a plant ash/caustic soda aqueous solution, the pH value of the plant ash/caustic soda aqueous solution is adjusted according to 11 by adjusting the proportion of distilled water, the caustic soda can be replaced by hydrated lime, the caustic soda or the hydrated lime is alkaline, the plant ash/caustic soda aqueous alkaline solution after the caustic soda is mixed can neutralize more types of tannin components, so that the tannin reduction effect is improved.
Example 6: the drying chamber of the dryer described in embodiment 1 uses a sealing structure, and bears an internal pressure of at least 8 atm, and the drying chamber is sealed, so that the part of the water contained in the dried caragana microphylla powder inside is evaporated and the pressure is raised to 8 atm, and after the pressure of the caragana microphylla powder inside the oven is acted for 3 minutes, the pressure is rapidly released through a quick air release opening arranged on a container of the drying chamber, and the caragana microphylla mixture can be dried and puffed, and the tannin content in the caragana microphylla can be further reduced by the process.
The dry caragana microphylla powder formed in the above examples is used as a raw material of a complete feed pellet, a complete feed processing technology with caragana microphylla as a main component is implemented, the complete feed pellet comprises the dry caragana microphylla powder generated in the examples 1-6, and the following components:
example 7: dry caragana microphylla powder: 65kg, wheat bran: 8kg, corn: 12kg, stone powder: 0.3kg, sodium hydrogen phosphate: 0.5kg, salt: 0.5kg, additive: 0.5kg, soybean meal: 3 kg; according to the proportion, the components are fully mixed and then sent into a granulator, the granulator extrudes the dry caragana microphylla powder and the mixture in the granulation process, and simultaneously, the water contained in the dry caragana microphylla powder is further extruded and reduced to be less than 12% of the caragana microphylla component; making into full-value granule product containing Caragana microphylla as main ingredient.
Example 8: dry caragana microphylla powder: 68 kg, wheat bran: 10 kg, corn: 15 kg, stone powder: 0.35 kg, sodium hydrogen phosphate: 1.0 kg, salt: 0.65 kg, additive: 1.0 kg, soybean meal: 4 kg; according to the proportion, the components are fully mixed and then sent into a granulator, the granulator extrudes the dry caragana microphylla powder and the mixture in the granulation process, and simultaneously, the water contained in the dry caragana microphylla powder is further extruded and reduced to be less than 12% of the caragana microphylla component; making into full-value granule product containing Caragana microphylla as main ingredient.
Example 9: dry caragana microphylla powder: 72kg, wheat bran: 12kg, corn: 18kg, stone powder: 0.4kg, sodium hydrogen phosphate: 1.5kg, salt: 0.8kg, additive: 1.5kg, soybean meal: 5 kg; according to the proportion, the components are fully mixed and then sent into a granulator, the granulator extrudes the dry caragana microphylla powder and the mixture in the granulation process, and simultaneously, the water contained in the dry caragana microphylla powder is further extruded and reduced to be less than 12% of the caragana microphylla component; making into full-value granule product containing Caragana microphylla as main ingredient.
In the above examples 7-9, the additive comprises the following main components: vitamins, flavorants and yeasts; the granulator applies a pressure of several MP even tens of MP to the dry caragana microphylla powder and the mixture in the granulating process, and the dry caragana microphylla powder can further remove a part of tannin in the caragana microphylla under the action of high pressure through extrusion of the granulator, so that the palatability of the caragana microphylla and the mixed feed is further improved.
The caragana microphylla stumping paste is provided in China, so that the cost of the caragana microphylla branches and leaves is extremely low, at least 65% of the components in the raw materials of the granular feed prepared by the method are caragana microphylla, and the mixing proportion of the caragana microphylla in the granular feed is far greater than that of the caragana microphylla in the prior art by 30%, so that the feed processing cost is low, at the same time, additional value-added products such as caragana microphylla plant ash or caragana microphylla granular fuel and the like are produced, 100% conversion and utilization of caragana microphylla plants are realized.
The scope of the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art, and any modifications, improvements and equivalents within the spirit and principle of the invention should be included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for reducing tannin and xylem content in caragana microphylla is realized by the following steps:
(1) collecting caragana microphylla original plants picked by stumping and removing impurities;
(2) crushing the caragana microphylla original plant once by a mechanical mode, and crushing the plant into mixed fragments containing xylem and tender branch leaves of 2-25 cm;
(3) sending the mixed fragments into a winnowing machine for winnowing, and separating the mixed fragments into two parts, namely a xylem part and a tender branch leaf part;
(4) feeding the separated xylem into a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion, and collecting plant ash generated after combustion;
(5) in the separated tender branch and leaf parts, the weight percentage is calculated according to the following formula that 1-9% of plant ash: mixing plant ash into 91-99% of the tender branches and leaves to form a mixed part of the plant ash and the tender branches and leaves;
(6) feeding the mixed part into a pulverizer for secondary pulverization to form flocculent caragana microphylla powder part with the diameter less than 1.2 mm;
(7) and (4) conveying the caragana microphylla powder part into a drying chamber of a dryer, drying at the temperature of 140-280 ℃ for 3-10 minutes, and discharging to form dry caragana microphylla powder with the moisture content of less than 15%, wherein the heat source of the dryer is provided by the heat energy generated by the combustion of the wood part in the step (4).
2. The method for reducing tannin and xylem content of caragana microphylla according to claim 1, wherein the mixing part is prepared by mixing the plant ash in the step (4) with distilled water according to a mass ratio of 2-18: 98-82, mixing, dissolving and filtering to obtain a plant ash aqueous solution, wherein the plant ash aqueous solution is formed by atomizing and spraying 1 part of the plant ash aqueous solution and 1-5 parts of tender branch leaves to the tender branch leaves in parts by mass.
3. The method for reducing tannin and xylem content of caragana microphylla as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mixing section is formed by adding soda to the plant ash aqueous solution to form a mixed plant ash/soda aqueous solution, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 10-12 by adjusting the ratio of distilled water.
4. A method for reducing tannin and xylem content in caragana microphylla according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the mixing section is formed by adding one or more of caustic soda, slaked lime and polyethylene glycol into the plant ash water solution, and adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10-12 by adjusting the proportion of distilled water.
5. The method for reducing tannin and xylem content of caragana microphylla according to claim 1, wherein the drying chamber of the dryer is a sealed unit, the drying chamber is subjected to an internal pressure greater than 8 atm, and the drying chamber has a quick air release device.
6. Method to reduce tannin and xylem content in caragana microphylla according to claim 1, characterized in that the xylem is mixed with xylem components of other types of crops.
7. The method for reducing tannin and xylem content of caragana microphylla according to claim 1, wherein in step (4), the xylem is processed into a bio-pellet fuel or other form suitable for combustion, and then is sent to a combustion chamber of a dryer for combustion and providing drying heat energy.
8. The method for reducing tannin and xylem content of caragana microphylla as claimed in claim 1, wherein excess plant ash produced by burning the xylem is collected and packaged for disposal.
9. The method for reducing tannin and xylem content of caragana microphylla according to claim 1, wherein the dry caragana microphylla powder is fed into a granulator to make granules with a moisture content of less than 12%.
10. A method for processing a complete feed based on caragana microphylla, characterized in that it comprises the dry caragana microphylla powder obtained according to claims 1 to 8: 65-72 parts, and wheat bran: 8-12 parts of corn: 12-18 parts of stone powder: 0.3-0.4 parts of sodium hydrogen phosphate: 0.5-1.5 parts of salt: 0.5-0.8 part of additive: 0.5-1.5 parts of soybean meal: 3-5 parts of the above materials, fully stirring and then feeding into a granulator to form complete granular feed mainly comprising caragana microphylla.
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