CN101193713B - 用于不间断制造钢长材产品的方法和相关设备 - Google Patents

用于不间断制造钢长材产品的方法和相关设备 Download PDF

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CN101193713B
CN101193713B CN200580049999.8A CN200580049999A CN101193713B CN 101193713 B CN101193713 B CN 101193713B CN 200580049999 A CN200580049999 A CN 200580049999A CN 101193713 B CN101193713 B CN 101193713B
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steel
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CN101193713A (zh
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乔瓦尼·阿尔韦迪
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • B21B1/463Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B37/00Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
    • B21B37/74Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203Cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203Cooling
    • B21B45/0209Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02Induction heating
    • H05B6/10Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/101Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications for local heating of metal pieces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/02Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203Cooling
    • B21B45/0209Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
    • B21B45/0215Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
    • B21B2045/0221Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes for structural sections, e.g. H-beams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B45/00Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B45/004Heating the product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于制造钢长材产品的方法,从带有液芯缩减的连铸步骤(1)开始,接着是感应加热(2)不间断直至在多个机台的轧制步骤(4)结束。经受这种方法处理的钢锭或坯料(10)具有120mm~400mm的初始厚度和在连铸的出口处规定时间内通过的高“批量流量”,以及在横截面的平均温度高于表面温度,在芯或内部中间区域比约1200℃的表面高100℃。还描述了实现这种方法的设备。

Description

用于不间断制造钢长材产品的方法和相关设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于从连铸至终端轧制台不间断制造所谓的“长材”钢产品(比如钢条、钢丝、角钢、轨梁)的方法和相关设备。
背景技术
据了解,用于这类生产采用连铸系统,该连铸系统具有一或更多线路制造钢锭或坯料,可能仍然是热的时候,进入轧机,该轧机具有许多机台足够达到最终产品的横截面尺寸。终端轧制可以这样获得,要么一次轧制单个坯料,或在轧机的上游坯料头尾交替焊接在一起提供一持续的或无休止的线路。还有已知的其他的方法获得无休止的生产,如在专利EP0761327和国际公开WO00/71272中披露的那些,其中来自连铸的产品对整个横截面进行温度均一化或均等化步骤,然后加热,最后再成一直线轧制。
根据现有技术的这种类型的所有设备的一个共同的特点是,在被轧制前,来自连铸的产品(钢锭、方坯,圆条等)进行完全的温度同质化处理,特别是在从外表面到芯的整个横截面。在产品的表面和芯之间的一个完全的温度同质化/均等化在过去被认为带来纤维均匀伸长的优点,即具有完全相同的温度,会表现出同样的变形抗力。
与此相反,一种持续的技术偏见一直认为产品的表面和芯的温差将涉及非均匀伸长,以致会影响最终产品的质量。
仍然根据现有技术,至少有两种截然不同的轧制步骤被认为是必要的,以获得最终的产品,即第一粗磨步骤和第二精制步骤,两者截然不同,以便要加工的钢条在两轧制步骤间的整个通路免于箍缩(pinching)。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是轧制钢锭/方坯以获得钢长材产品,通过用最小分离力获得最大可能地缩减,根据通过采用机台的总功率低于根据现有技术所必需的总功率的较低的投资,和用于最终产品的相同的横截面大小的低功率消耗,使得该方法经济。
已发现,通过克服现有技术的一个共同的偏见,如上表示的,这些目标可以这样实现,将轧机直接置于连铸的下游,与迄今为止所认为的相反。用这样的方式,我们有一个非常好的解决办法,因为钢锭或坯料在更高的平均温度进行轧制,即使当表面温度低于1200℃时。当横截面的芯温高出约1200℃的表面温度100℃~200℃,事实上,获得的优点是增加了平均轧制温度,而没有任何产品质量问题和在轧制圆柱体上的可能的火裂。作为在芯区的更高的温度的结果,平均温度的增加将允许表面温度不到1200℃,从而避免了上述问题。
还发现,在这种类型的制造中,这类与连铸直接成一直线连接的轧制,换句话说,采用所谓的“铸轧”方法的有利的效果可以获得,当铸造产品:
-具有“批量流量”,即来自连铸的在单位时间流动的钢数量,那是充分高,特别是在连铸的出口的速度>3m/min;
-经受液芯缩减(“软缩减”)过程,例如,根据在本申请人名下的专利EP0603330的教导,为确保所谓的铸造产品的“健全中心”(sound center)在被轧制前完全凝固,直接成一直线而不间断;和
-在速度和铸钢类型的作用下,经过在连铸的出口处的感应炉,以平衡温度,不是在深度,而只是透过表层,在必要的时候,特别是减少在弯道的冷却和进一步加热铸造产品。
上面提到的本发明的目的是通过具有权利要求1所述的特征的方法和具有权利要求5引用的特征的设备来实现的。
附图说明
从对以非限制的例子方式提供的一优选具体实施例的以下详细描述,参考附图,本发明的这些和其他目的、优点和特征,将更加清晰,其中:
图1示意性的显示根据本发明的设备的一实施例;和
图2显示了所谓的"轧制程序表",具有图1所示的设备的每个各自的机台的出口处的材料剖面。
具体实施方式
参考图1,根据本发明实现本方法的设备的一具体例子显示从离开连铸区的钢锭10开始,连铸区示意性地用1代表其整体,包括,众所周知,模具,以及合适的装置以完成液芯“软缩减”。钢锭10离开连铸1,厚度在120mm~400mm,例如:250mm,速率约4m/min,那意味着具有较高的“批量流量”。
然后它不间断通过感应炉2和去鳞机3,仍无连续,至用精轧机4实现的单个轧制步骤。
该精轧机在这里描绘成由九个轧制台M1~M9组成,以获得直径为70mm的圆杆作为最终产品,更好地如图2所示。
应该注意到,连铸1的出口和轧机4之间的距离将不会高于约30米,以限制钢锭的温度损失,从而带来更进一步的优势,具有需要更少空间的更为紧凑的设备。用这样的方式,由于感应炉2,产品的平均温度将高于表面温度,芯比外表面高至少100℃以上,外表面的温度约为1200℃或更低。
将会注意到,通过利用上面提到的更大的批量流量,能够获得更高的缩减,因此通过要么使用行星轧机,要么用一个更强大的轧制台代替第一(例如:两或三)粗磨台,获得更紧凑的设备,短于30米。因此,机台的总数可以减少,例如当前三个机台M1~M3被具有3倍功率的单个机台代替时,从如图1所示的9减到低至7的数目。
根据浇铸速度和要轧制的钢材类型,在轧制台4和/或之间设置的中间冷却系统5之间可以进一步设置额外的感应加热炉(未显示)。
最后,参照图2,显示的是轧制程序表的一个实际的例子,其中从进入轧机4的钢锭的初始剖面开始,表示在各个单个轧制台的出口处的产品剖面。当以来自连铸的具有每边约250mm的起始产品No.0开始时,如图2所示的各个剖面,对应在各自的机台M1~M9的出口处的产品的横截面。对每个剖面,横截面的面积以A值表示;M是缩减系数,对应(A0-A1/A0)×100,其中A0是相应的机台的进口处的横截面面积,A1是它的出口处的横截面面积;以及缩减比λ=A0/A1。
因此可以注意到,随着九次通过(但即使是更少的通过次数),和降低数额的从边长250mm的钢锭所需的功率,可以获得具有卓越品质的直径70mm的圆钢条。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于制造钢长材产品的方法,从产生钢锭/坯料的连铸步骤开始,所述钢锭/坯料具有120~400mm厚度和高数量的钢“批量流量”,即来自连铸的在单位时间流动的钢数量,在连铸的出口的速度>3m/min,该步骤包括液芯缩减,后接感应加热步骤,不间断直至在许多轧制台的轧制步骤结束,其特征在于,当进入轧制步骤,产品的平均温度高于表面温度,在芯或中间内部区域的温度和约1200℃的表面温度的差异至少100℃,连铸的出口和轧机之间的距离不大于30m。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述感应加热步骤和所述轧制步骤之间设置去鳞步骤。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述轧制台之间设置有至少一额外的感应加热步骤。
4.根据前述任一权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述轧制台之间设置有至少一冷却步骤。
5.一种用于从厚度120mm~400mm的钢锭/坯料制造钢长材产品的设备,所述钢锭/坯料来自带有对连铸产品(10)进行液芯缩减的连铸(1),包括感应加热炉(2),位于所述产品(10)不间断进入的具有许多轧制台的终端轧机(4)的上游,其特征在于,在第一轧制台的进口处,产品的平均温度高于表面温度,在芯或中间内部区域的温度比约1200℃的表面温度高至少100℃,连铸(1)的出口和轧机(4)之间的距离不大于30m。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备,其特征在于,还包括在感应加热炉(2)和轧机(4)之间的去鳞机(3)。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的设备,其特征在于,还包括在轧制台(4)之间的至少一额外感应加热炉。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的设备,其特征在于,还包括在轧制台(4)之间的中间冷却装置(5,5')。
CN200580049999.8A 2005-07-19 2005-07-19 用于不间断制造钢长材产品的方法和相关设备 Expired - Fee Related CN101193713B (zh)

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