CN1214642A - 制造热轧钢带的方法和设备 - Google Patents

制造热轧钢带的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1214642A
CN1214642A CN97193377A CN97193377A CN1214642A CN 1214642 A CN1214642 A CN 1214642A CN 97193377 A CN97193377 A CN 97193377A CN 97193377 A CN97193377 A CN 97193377A CN 1214642 A CN1214642 A CN 1214642A
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约阿希姆·舍恩贝克
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    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
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    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B2201/00—Special rolling modes
    • B21B2201/02—Austenitic rolling
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    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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    • B21B28/02—Maintaining rolls in effective condition, e.g. reconditioning
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种由连铸的半成品在彼此直接相继的工序中制造热轧钢带的方法,按此方法,当钢水在一个稳定的过程中转变为连铸的半成品后,此半成品不事先切断地从连铸机排出直接进入连续式热轧机内,以及,在采用规定的参数的情况下直接从一次热出发生产出任意厚薄的具有工艺技术上常用的终轧温度的连续钢带。

Description

制造热轧钢带的方法和设备
本发明涉及由连铸半成品在彼此直接相继的工序中生产热轧钢带的方法和设备。
制造热轧带材例如这样进行，即，一种铸造的其重量通过成品未来的钢卷重量确定的半成品，通过一个或多个轧制过程，变形到所期望的几何尺寸。通常这些过程前后相继而不是同时进行的。但是这种顺序的工艺流程造成长的工作时间、昂贵的轧制设备以及在工作过程中显著的能量损失。除此以外，由于这种不连续式的工作，降低了生产率和产品质量。
在文献中已多次提到全连续式工作的连续铸轧设备。但是实践中不断表明这些结构型式无法使用，因为未能说明借助于此类设备为调整所期望的热轧带材性质必要的终轧温度。由于浇注速度低带材迅速冷却，以致没有中间加热就不可能工作，然而借助于必要的昂贵的加热设备来工作是不经济的。
由于在制造热轧带材时将产品的终轧严格限制在奥氏体范围(≥880℃)内，所以选择恰当的浇注参数有特别重要的意义。其中，浇注厚度和浇注速度起重要作用，因为在连续式运行时通过它们确定了经由整个设备的温度控制。
本发明的目的是创造一种由连铸半成品生产热轧带材的方法和设备，这种方法和在这种设备中，热轧带材在一个连续循环的过程中直接从熔体出发至轧制为成品，其中，终轧在奥氏体温度范围内进行。在制造热轧带材时可利用浇注过程的过程热，所以这种方法和设备比传统的非连续式方法和设备能更经济地工作。
为达到此目的拟定了在专利权利要求1中所规定的方法。
通过恰当地选择浇注参数，即浇注厚度ho和浇注速度Vc，可以克服热轧带材制造时最严格限制的困难，亦即产品应在奥氏体范围终轧。业已证实，当板坯厚度[m]和浇注速度[m/min]的乘积大于0.487m2/min时，对于终轧温度在奥氏体范围内的热轧带材，只要与此同时在轧机内变形步骤的次数n遵循在权利要求1中所说明的公式，便可以实施卓有成效的生产过程。
一种实施由连铸半成品在彼此直接相继的工序中生产热轧钢带的方法所用的设备，其特征在于，轧机由与变形步骤数量一致的轧机机架组成，所有机架它们的工作辊直径小于或等于600mm。采用这样的工作辊直径可以使轧件获得必要的变形，这种变形是为了通过设备时达到期望的温度控制所需要的。
特别有利的是，工作辊直径至少在最后两个机架内＜450mm。因为所建议的设备和方法的方案特别适用于生产最薄的热轧带材，所以基于在辊缝内有更有利的变形条件，小直径的工作辊是有优点的。
为了沿半成品整个横截面具有均匀的温度，按本发明另一项特征规定，在连铸机与轧机之间设一均热段，用于改善板坯内的温度均匀性。这种均热段可以由一台已知结构型式的均热炉组成，在均热炉中必要时向板坯供热，作为替换形式，均热段也可以由已知结构类型的有盖辊道或由有盖辊道加上感应炉组成。感应炉不仅可布置在辊道上游也可连接在辊道下游。
为了在带材通过轧机时进一步控制温度，按本发明另一项特征规定，在两个或多个机架之间设加热和/或冷却装置，用于在加工期间任意调整带材的温度变化。通过适当地控制这些装置可以在设备内调整为任意的温度变化，借助于此设备也可以满足用于铁素体轧制的不同方法的先决条件。
按本发明的一项设计特征规定，浇注设备配备有连铸坯冷却的自动调节装置，它将液心端部“在任何时刻”定位在尽可能靠近连铸机的端部。因此进入轧机内的板坯含有的能量最大。
最好在轧机的机架内设用于轧辊正弯曲和负弯曲的装置。借助于此类装置，可以在加工过程中根据既定条件和目的影响带材的轧制断面。
在本发明的另一项设计中规定，在至少一个机架内违反咬入条件α＜μ。因为所建议的设备和方法设计可以实施一种在一定程度上为连续的浇注和轧制过程，所以不必满足要不然对于轧制强制存在的引入条件α＜μ。只是保证实现维持轧制过程的拉拔条件α＜2μ在这种方法中必须满足。由于允许违反引入条件，所以带来明显的技术和经济方面的优点，因为可以利用较小直径的工作辊，因此降低了轧制力和轧制力矩。其结果是导致较小和较轻的轧机机架以及较小的主传动装置。
此外规定，至少一个机架的主传动装置通过最小拉力调节装置调节。此装置可有利地使用在如这里所建议的其中产生大的轧制力矩和大的轧件厚度的方法中。因此可以取消机架之间复杂的活套的挑装置。
最后，按本发明的一项补充规定，在第一台轧机机架前设一立轧机架，借助于此可以立轧浇注的半成品的边缘。在第一台水平机架前通过一个立式道次，既改善了边缘的几何尺寸又提高了边缘的质量。除此以外可以在第一台水平机架内实现更大的压下量。在立轧道次时边缘的成型和再结晶，是带来这些优点的原因。
在其他的从属权利要求中说明了进一步改进和设计本发明的特征。
附图中表示了本发明的实施例并在下面说明。
唯一的图表示了按本发明的设备，用于制造成品带钢厚度为1mm的热轧钢带。用1表示已知的钢包转塔，它通过中间罐2向薄板坯浇注设备的结晶器3给料。用4表示此薄板坯浇注设备的导向机架，在导向机架4上连接薄板坯浇注设备的弧形段5与反弯曲装置6。用7表示均热炉，连铸半成品沿横截面的温度在均热炉内均匀化。用8表示接在均热炉后面的半成品高压水除鳞装置，在此高压水除鳞装置上直接连接具有七个四辊式轧机机架9至11和14至17的热轧机。在机架11和14之间设有一个可根据选择加热或冷却(主动的和被动的)带材的温度调节装置12以及另一个用于除鳞的装置13。
如图的上部所示，半成品以速度0.09m/s和厚度ho为100mm离开连铸结晶器3。在连铸机的弧形段4末端处半成品温度为1240℃。半成品通过均热炉7和高压水除鳞装置8，在高压水除鳞装置后温度为1188℃。半成品以此温度进入第一个四辊式轧机机架9，半成品的厚度在其中减至58mm，因此与此同时它的速度提高到0.16m/s。此时半成品的温度降为1131℃。离开第二个机架10时，轧件的厚度减小至29mm，速度提高到0.33m/s。轧件进一步冷却，亦即冷却到温度为1075℃。离开机架11时，轧件厚度现在为12mm和带材的排出速度为0.79m/s。在带材离开机架11后便进入温度调节段12，在其中带材的温度可按照轧制过程的要求有选择地升高或降低。在进入下一个机架14之前带材在13中除鳞。带材以1018℃的温度进入机架14。在机架15中喂入厚度为4.8mm的轧件，在温度为983℃时喂入速度为1.97m/s。通过在机架15内进一步减缩，轧件厚度降至2.1mm，速度提高到4.51m/s。轧件以温度为949℃进入机架16，在机架16中厚度减至1.2mm以及速度提高到7.88m/s。在最后一个机架17中轧件以温度为902℃喂入并轧制到最终厚度为1.0mm。在温度为880℃的情况下排出速度为9.46m/s。因此满足这里所考虑的钢st37的奥氏体轧制的条件。在辊道18上冷却后，轧件按选择卷绕在两台热轧带钢卷取机20之一上，并在达到期望的钢卷重量后用横剪机19剪断。
本发明的措施在于，带材系在一个连续不断的过程中直接从熔体开始制成，也就是说无需进行半成品板坯的分切。只是成品热轧带材按照钢卷重量切断。因此在全套设备中将浇注热的全部容量充分利用于后续的变形过程。在相应地调整设备例如协调工作辊尺寸的情况下，板坯或带材的中间加热并不是绝对需要的。但终轧温度应在流水线内附加地通过温度调节段(加热和/或冷却)加以影响。

Claims (15)

1．由连铸的半成品在彼此直接相继的工序中制造热轧钢带的方法，按此方法当钢水在一个稳定的过程中转变为连铸的半成品后，此半成品不事先切断地从连铸机排出直接进入连续式热轧机内，以及，在采用下列参数的情况下直接从一次热出发生产出任意厚薄的具有工艺技术上常用的终轧温度的连续钢带：-板坯厚度ho[m]与浇注速度Vc[m/min]满足关系式
     ho·Vc＞0.487m2/min-在轧机内的变形在至少n个变形步骤中进行，其中
     n=0.51+3.29lg10(ho)
2．实施按照权利要求1所述的由连铸的半成品在彼此直接相继的工序中生产热轧钢带的方法所用的设备，其特征为：轧机由其数量与变形步骤的数量n相应的轧机机架(8至15)组成，它们所有机架(8至15)的工作辊直径≤600mm。
3．按照权利要求2所述生产热轧钢带的设备，其特征为：至少在最后两个机架(14和15)内的工作辊直径小于450mm。
4．按照权利要求2和3所述生产热轧钢带的设备，其特征为：在连铸机(3至6)与轧机(9至17)之间设有一均热段(7)，用于改善板坯的温度均匀性。
5．按照权利要求2至4所述生产热轧钢带的设备，其特征为：在两个或多个机架(9至11和14至17)之间设有加热和/或冷却装置，用于在加工过程中调整带材任意的温度变化。
6．按照权利要求2至5所述生产热轧钢带的设备，其特征为：连铸机(3至6)配备有连铸坯冷却的自动调节装置，它与浇注速度无关地将连铸坯的液心端部定位在尽可能靠近连铸机(6)的末端处。
7．按照权利要求2至6所述生产热轧钢带的设备，其特征为：在机架(9至11和14至17)中设有用于轧辊正弯曲和轧辊负弯曲的装置。
8．按照权利要求2至7所述生产热轧钢带的设备，其特征为：在至少机架(9至11和14至17)之一中违反咬入条件α＜μ。
9．按照权利要求2至8所述生产热轧钢带的设备，其特征为：至少一个机架(9至11和14至17)的主传动装置通过最小拉力调节装置调节。
10．按照权利要求1至9所述生产热轧钢带的设备，其特征为：在第一个机架(9)前设置一立轧机架。
11．按照前列诸权利要求之一项或多项所述生产热轧钢带的设备，其特征为：在跟随着第一个机架(9)的其他机架前设带钢除鳞的装置(13)。
12．按照前列诸权利要求之一项或多项所述生产热轧钢带的设备，其特征为：在连铸机后设应急剪。
13．按照前列诸权利要求之一项或多项所述生产热轧钢带的设备，其特征为：芯部仍为液态的连铸坯在凝固过程中其厚度被减小。
14．按照前列诸权利要求之一项或多项所述生产热轧钢带的设备，其特征为：一个或多个机架(9至17)配备有轧辊磨削装置，用于校正在长时间浇注过程中的轧辊磨损。
15．按照前列诸权利要求之一项或多项所述生产热轧钢带的设备，其特征为：一个或多个机架(9至17)配备有换辊装置，用于在运行期间换辊。
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