CN1161009A - 具有冷轧性能的带钢制造方法和设备 - Google Patents

具有冷轧性能的带钢制造方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1161009A
CN1161009A CN95195695A CN95195695A CN1161009A CN 1161009 A CN1161009 A CN 1161009A CN 95195695 A CN95195695 A CN 95195695A CN 95195695 A CN95195695 A CN 95195695A CN 1161009 A CN1161009 A CN 1161009A
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rolling
steel
temperature
band steel
thickness
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CN1062196C (zh
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弗里茨-彼得·普勒什乌奇尼格
英格·冯哈根
沃尔夫冈·布莱克
保罗·斯普林特
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Vodafone GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • B21B1/463Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
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    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/021Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular fabrication or treatment of ingot or slab
    • C21D8/0215Rapid solidification; Thin strip casting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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    • B21B1/24Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
    • B21B1/26Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process by hot-rolling, e.g. Steckel hot mill
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    • B21B1/30Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a non-continuous process
    • B21B1/32Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a non-continuous process in reversing single stand mills, e.g. with intermediate storage reels for accumulating work
    • B21B1/34Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a non-continuous process in reversing single stand mills, e.g. with intermediate storage reels for accumulating work by hot-rolling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21BROLLING OF METAL
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    • B21B1/46Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • B21B1/466Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a non-continuous process, i.e. the cast being cut before rolling
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    • B21B2201/04Ferritic rolling
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    • B21B45/02Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
    • B21B45/0203Cooling
    • B21B45/0209Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
    • B21B45/0215Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
    • B21B45/0218Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes for strips, sheets, or plates
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
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    • Y10T29/49991Combined with rolling

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制造具有冷轧性能的带钢的方法,此方法包括下列依次连续的步骤:a)由钢水经连铸制成厚度从30至100毫米(凝固厚度)的薄板坯;b)按照步骤a)制出的薄板坯除鳞;c)除鳞后的薄板坯在温度在1150-900℃的范围内,通过热轧减小厚度至少50%,加工为最大厚度20毫米的中间带钢;d)热轧后此半成品带快速冷却到温度850-600℃的范围内;e)冷却后的半成品带钢在至少有三个机架的精轧机列中温度为850-600℃的情况下通过等温轧制,轧制出最大厚度2毫米的带钢;f)然后,此等温轧出的带钢快速冷却到温度最高为100℃,并作为成品带钢最好卷成盘。本发明还涉及一种实施此方法的设备。

Description

具有冷轧性能的带 钢制造方法和设备
本发明涉及一种按专利权利要求1所定义类型的制造具有冷轧性能的带钢的方法,以及涉及一种实施此方法的设备。
由EP0541574B1已知此类方法,其中,具有冷轧性能的成品带钢由能过接近最终尺寸的浇注制成的初加工材料,直接在热轧机列中生产。其中规定首先在连续铸锭装置中制成最大厚度为100毫米的薄板坯,在这种情况下,直接在连续铸锭结晶器后面设轧机,具有液态和固体芯的铸坯,在此轧机上轧制成凝固厚度(无锭轧制)。紧接着,薄板坯除鳞,并在温度1100℃以上在具有例如三个轧机机架的轧机上,热轧至厚度从10至30毫米。以此方法热轧出的中间带钢,借助于带剪机切成段。这些段最好卷成盘,在以后进一步热轧时再开卷,并在需要时重新除鳞。在进一步热轧前,最好还在卷成盘前,将此带状材料通过感应加热,重新加热到1100℃以上的热轧温度。第二次热轧在温度为Ar3之上的情况下进行。紧接在这之后冷却到温度低于Ar3,最好在600-250℃范围内。接着,将如此制出的带料在一个或多个连续连接的轧机机架上通过冷轧进行成品轧制,并卷成盘。
此已知的方法企图用尽可能少的能量消耗生产冷轧带。为此,一方面使用接近最终尺寸的浇注(薄板坯制造)和无锭轧制方法,亦即部分仍为液态芯的热铸坯厚度减小方法。另一方面,一部分热轧是在留有连铸过程热量的情况下进行的。存在的缺点是,尽管利用了连铸带来的热量,仍需要感应加热带状的中间产品,以进行第二部分热轧。
本发明的目的是提供一种方法和实施此方法的一种设备,其中避免单独再次加热带状的中间产品和与之相关的能量消耗和设备投资。此外,在冷轧性能方面应做到尽可能改善所生产材料的特性。
为达到此目的,使此类型的方法中具有专利权利要求1特征部分所述之特征。从属权利要求2至14说明了有利的进一步改进。按本发明用于实施此方法的设备具有专利权利要求15的特征,并通过从属权利要求16至25所述之特征可以有利的方式进一步设计。
本发明与由EP0541574B1已知方法的区别是,仅规定了唯一的一次相连的热轧过程,也就是取消了第二次热轧过程和为此所需的中间感应加热。与之不同,按本发明热轧在唯一的道次中进行,在结束热轧时加速冷却到850至600℃之间的温度。然后,在此所达到的温度下在至少三个轧制道次中通过等温轧制(其中每个轧制道次厚度减小至少35%)制成成品带钢,以及,紧接着此精轧后加速冷却至最多还只有100℃的温度。相比之下,在已知的方法中精轧是在低得多的温度(约250至600℃)下进行的。按本发明的等温轧制尽管从严格的意义上讲带钢的温度并不是保持为常数,但它只是在一个相当小的公差带范围内变化,例如ΔT=0至20℃。在等温轧制过程中必须保证温度决不低于一个临界值,以及不可避免的因辐射造成的热损失至少通过在带钢内产生的变形功来补偿。此方法最好应这样运行,即,通过加入的单位变形功(“speed up”)产生的热量,始终多于预期通过辐射造成的热耗散,以及,温度控制通过在轧制道次之间有目的地冷却来保证。若在轧制过程中带钢的实际温度一度低于临界值时,通过改变轧制参数来达到重新提高到所期望值的做法,几乎不可能还有什么意义。
下面借助在唯一的图中表示的设备简图,进一步说明本发明。
钢水,最好是深冲钢水,从钢水包10注入中间容器(Tundish)11。中间容器11可使所盛装的钢水连续流入在它下面的连铸结晶器12内,后者有一个图中没有表示的液华冷却装置并导致形成铸坯,铸坯由铸坯外壳和液态芯组成。热铸坯在这一状态下进入设在连铸结晶器12下方的无锭轧制装置中,它将具有部分液态芯的铸坯的厚度进一步减小。此外,厚度为30至100毫米,最好为40至70毫米的薄板坯1从无锭轧制装置13排出。在无锭轧制中厚度减小至少10%,最好至少30%。之后,铸坯进入除鳞装置19中,此除鳞装置最好设计为流体力学式除鳞器。薄板坯1除鳞后具有的温度在1150至900℃的范围内。在这一状态下,薄板坯1输入一个紧接在除鳞装置19下游的热轧机15,在热轧机15中薄板坯1的厚度减小至少50%,成为厚度最大20毫米,最好10至20毫米的中间带钢。在有些情况下也可以是有利的做法是,直接在热轧机15前设一个均热炉(图中未表示),它将最好切成长度分段的薄板坯1保持在所要求的热轧温度。在此最好具有两或三个轧机机架的、或还具有可逆式轧机的热轧机15后面,按一般情况推荐连接一台切断机,例如形式上为带剪机17,以便把产生的中间带钢分切成已提及的长度分段。按本发明,此经热轧的中间带钢迅速冷却到850至600℃范围内的温度。冷却温度最好根据所用钢的化学成分、根据所谋求的成品带钢的金相组织、以及根据要达到的成品带钢中的机械工艺性能选择。冷却在第一冷却装置18中进行,在所画的略图中它紧接在带剪机17后。在许多情况下,由于场地的原因,建议将处于对随后的成品轧制所希望温度下的中间带钢分段,在卷绕装置20中卷成中间带钢盘,并将它放在均热炉21内保持所希望的温度。在紧接着此均热炉21下游的开卷机22上,为实施接着的精轧将中间带钢重新开卷。在精轧前,最好在除鳞装置23中再次进行除鳞,以避免在此期间可能形成氧化皮而影响质量。为了在温度范围为600至850℃的情况下进行形式上为等温的轧制的精轧,设轧机24,它至少有三个轧机机架。在许多情况下推荐具有四个或最多五个轧机机架的轧机。数量更多的精轧机架一般是不合乎目的的。轧机机架应这样工作,即,每个轧制道次完成减少带钢厚度至少25%。离开轧机的成品带钢厚度最大为2毫米,最好厚度从0.5至1.5毫米。为了保证(近似于)等温的轧制条件,建议,在轧机24的各轧机机架之间,设形式上例如为喷雾冷却的冷却装置(图中未表示),它有控制地带走多余的热量。带钢在轧机24中的实际温度由图中未表示的温度传感器监测。从轧机24排出的带钢直接进入第二冷却装置25,加速冷却至最高还有100℃的温度。这种加速的冷却的冷却速率最好在10至25℃/s的范围内。为此,带钢例如被引导通过一个液体冷却槽。但也可以按熟知的方法,在经过具有尽可能小辊距(小于250毫米)的辊道过程中,采用喷雾冷却器。如此制成的成品带钢最好卷绕成盘的形式以便于运输。为此,在设备略图中设有相应的卷绕机26。
在热轧机15与轧机24之间规定形成中间带钢盘的优点在于,一方面获得材料的中间缓冲(Materialzwischenpuffer),这可以减少轧机的运行故障,而另一方面对于这样一种缓冲材料的温度保持所需要的均热炉21,只需要比较小的面积。
下面给出此方法的举例。
一种深冲钢水含有
  0.04%C
  0.02%Si
  0.21%Mn
  0.018%P
  0.006%S
  0.35%Al
  0.05%Cu
  0.05%Cr
  0.04%Ni
  0.0038%N
  其余为铁和一般杂质(Tliq≌1520℃)在温度约1540℃时在薄板坯连铸装置中浇铸。从连铸结晶器出口处,规格为80毫米厚和1300毫米宽的铸坯中还有液态芯。此铸坯的平均温度在结晶器出口处约1310℃。在这种状态下,薄板铸坯输入无锭轧制装置中,并减小厚度25%,所以得到的凝固厚度为60毫米。在借助于高压水射流除鳞后,薄板坯在一个三机架式热轧机列中厚度减少约66%,所以产生的中间带钢的厚度为20毫米。在热轧机列入口处的温度为1130℃,出口处为938℃。在这之后紧接着将此中间带钢分切成分段,并加速冷却到温度约700℃。在通过均热炉后(它同样在700℃的温度下工作)并经过除鳞,由分段制成的中间带钢盘被输往精轧机机列。它一共有五个轧机机架,它们按总共减小厚度95%进行工作。输入第一个轧机机架架具有650℃温度的中间带钢,在从这一机架出口时具有略有提高的温度为658℃,通过一个设在第二轧机机架前的喷雾冷却器,温度重新降至约650℃。类似地,在第三轧机机架前,从第二轧机机架出口的温度为664℃,通过另一个喷雾冷却器降到第三轧机机架的进口温度为650℃。相应地也适用于第四和第五轧机机架。之后,紧接着将如此制成的厚度为1.0毫米的成品带钢,在水冷槽内以冷却速率为21℃/s冷却到约90℃,并接着卷绕为成品盘。以此方法制成的成品带钢证明具有杰出的机械工艺性能,它可与一种冷轧带钢相比。
按本发明的生产途径导致特别细晶粒的组织形态,与按照由EP0541574B1已知方法得到的结果相比显然是有利的。在此已知的方法中,由于在第二次热轧前的再次加热至1100℃,导致明显的晶粒粗化,在按本发明的方法中由于选择的温度范围为从850至600℃,所以不可能发生晶粒粗化。与晶粒大小有关的另一个区别源于不同类型的精轧。在按本发明的方法中,在采用处于再结晶门坎值的温度进行等温轧制期间,在比90%高得多的上述总变形系数的情况下,发生了一种进一步的动态的晶粒细化,与此同时提高了强度和韧性。而在已知的方法中,由于在各轧制道次中的变形小得多,所发生的上述这些情况远没有那么明显。在已知的方法中通过冷作硬化可以获得的高强度值,在按本发明的方法中通过适当地调整轧制循环同样可以达到,并且除此之外还伴随着显著改善了韧性性能。因此,总起来可以说,按本发明的方法生产的带钢的特点在于,在有很高的强度值的同时,有极好的变形和韧性性能。

Claims (25)

1.制造具有冷轧性能的带钢的方法,包括下列按时间顺序连续的步骤:
a)由钢水经连铸制成厚度从30至100毫米(凝固厚度)的薄板坯,当铸坯从连续铸锭装置的结晶器排出后,进行具有液态芯的铸坯的无锭轧制,减少铸坯的厚度至少10%;
b)对按照步骤a)制出的薄板坯除鳞;
c)除鳞后的薄板坯在温度在1150-900℃的范围内,通过热轧减小厚度至少50%,加工为最大厚度20毫米的中间带钢,其特征在于下列继续进行的步骤:
d)热轧后,将中间带钢加速冷却到温度在850-600℃的范围内;
e)冷却后的中间带钢,在至少有三个机架的精轧机列中温度为850-600℃的情况下通过等温轧制,轧制为最大厚度2毫米的带钢,其中,每个轧制道次完成带钢厚度的减小至少25%;
f)最后,此等温轧出的带钢加速冷却至温度最高为100℃,并作为成品带钢最好卷成盘。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征为:制成的薄板坯具有凝固厚度为40-70毫米。
3.按照权利要求1或2之一所述的方法,其特征为:薄板坯无锭轧制时的厚度减小至少20%,尤其是30%。
4.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的方法,其特征为:薄板坯在热轧前放在均热炉内保温。
5.按照权利要求1至4之一所述的方法,其特征为:制成的中间带钢具有厚度为10-20毫米。
6.按照权利要求1至5之一所述的方法,其特征为:中间带钢在步骤d)后切成长度分段,并卷绕成盘。
7.按照权利要求1至6之一所述的方法,其特征为:在步骤d)中冷却后的中间带钢,在等温轧制前放在均热炉内保持此冷却温度。
8.按照权利要求1至7之一所述的方法,其特征为:等温轧制在四或五个道次中进行。
9.按照权利要求1至8之一所述的方法,其特征为:带钢等温轧制到厚度为0.5-1.5毫米。
10.按照权利要求1至9之一所述的方法,其特征为:带钢最后的冷却以冷却速率在10-25℃/s的范围内进行。
11.按照权利要求1至10之一所述的方法,其特征为:中间带钢直接在等温轧制前再一次除鳞。
12.按照权利要求1至11之一所述的方法,其特征为:除鳞总是以流体力学的方法进行。
13.按照权利要求1至12之一所述的方法,其特征为:在等温轧制时各轧制道次之间的中间带钢温度,通过冷却尤其通过喷雾冷却来调整。
14.按照权利要求1至13之一所述的方法,其特征为:在步骤a)中使用具有深冲质量的钢水。
15.实施按照权利要求1所述方法的设备,
—具有一个制造薄板坯(1)的连续铸锭装置;
—有一个直接设在连续铸锭装置的结晶器(12)后面的无锭轧制装置(13);
—有一个设在无锭轧制装置(13)后面的除鳞装置(19);以及
—有一个与除鳞装置(19)连接的热轧机(15),它至少由两个轧机机架或一个可逆式轧机机架组成,其特征为:
—在热轧机(15)后面,为了加速冷却在热轧机(15)中制出的中间带钢,设第一冷却装置(18);
—在第一冷却装置(18)后面,设置用于等温轧制并至少有三个轧机机架的轧机(24);以及
—直接在轧机(24)后面连接第二冷却装置(25),用于加速冷却制出的带钢。
16.按照权利要求15所述的设备,其特征为:除鳞装置(19)设计的为流体力学式除鳞器。
17.按照权利要求15或16之一所述的设备,其特征为:在无锭轧制装置(13)与热轧机(15)之间设均热炉。
18.按照权利要求15至17之一所述的设备,其特征为:在热轧机(15)后面设置分切装置(剪切机17),用于将热轧的中间带钢分切为长度分段。
19.按照权利要求18所述的设备,其特征为:在第一冷却装置(18)后面设置用于中间带钢盘卷的卷绕装置(20)和开卷装置(22)。
20.按照权利要求18或19之一所述的设备,其特征为:在第一冷却装置(18)与等温轧机(24)之间,尤其在卷绕装置(20)与开卷装置(22)之间,设置用于中间带钢分段的温度保持的加热装置(均热炉21)  。
21.按照权利要求15至20之一所述的设备,其特征为:直接在等温轧机(24)前,设置除鳞装置(23)。
22.按照权利要求15至21之一所述的设备,其特征为:热轧机(15)包括三个轧机机架。
23.按照权利要求15至22之一所述的设备,其特征为:等温轧机(24)包括四或五个轧机机架。
24.按照权利要求15至23之一所述的设备,其特征为:在第二冷却装置(25)后面设置用于卷绕成品带钢的卷绕装置(26)。
25.按照权利要求15至24之一所述的装置,其特征为:在用于等温轧制的轧机(24)的轧机机架之间,设置用于调整温度的冷却装置,尤其是喷雾冷却器。
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