CN101168577B - 包括二聚表面活性剂的分散粉末组合物 - Google Patents
包括二聚表面活性剂的分散粉末组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101168577B CN101168577B CN2007101809386A CN200710180938A CN101168577B CN 101168577 B CN101168577 B CN 101168577B CN 2007101809386 A CN2007101809386 A CN 2007101809386A CN 200710180938 A CN200710180938 A CN 200710180938A CN 101168577 B CN101168577 B CN 101168577B
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- ZPOLOEWJWXZUSP-WAYWQWQTSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCC=C ZPOLOEWJWXZUSP-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- SAJLIOLJORWJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethanesulfinic acid;sodium Chemical compound [Na].OCS(O)=O SAJLIOLJORWJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019357 lignosulphonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- JMSTYCQEPRPFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methoxy-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)acetate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(OC)NC(=O)C=C JMSTYCQEPRPFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-methyl-4-oxopentan-2-yl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Natural products CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940094933 n-dodecane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012875 nonionic emulsifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005634 peroxydicarbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxydisulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)OOS(O)(=O)=O JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC=C FBCQUCJYYPMKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVWRJUBEIPHGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl n-propan-2-yloxycarbonyliminocarbamate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N=NC(=O)OC(C)C VVWRJUBEIPHGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003469 silicate cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/28—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/32—Polyethers, e.g. alkylphenol polyglycolether
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
- C04B40/0042—Powdery mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
- C08J3/122—Pulverisation by spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing other atoms than carbon or hydrogen atoms
- C08L23/0853—Vinylacetate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0045—Polymers chosen for their physico-chemical characteristics
- C04B2103/0057—Polymers chosen for their physico-chemical characteristics added as redispersable powders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/40—Surface-active agents, dispersants
- C04B2103/406—Surface-active agents, dispersants non-ionic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00663—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as filling material for cavities or the like
- C04B2111/00672—Pointing or jointing materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/60—Flooring materials
- C04B2111/62—Self-levelling compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及基于一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体的聚合物的水可再分散的分散粉末组合物,其中存在一种或多种二聚表面活性剂。
Description
本发明涉及包括二聚表面活性剂的水可再分散的分散粉末组合物,其制法以及其在建筑材料、尤其是自流平地板材料组合物和整平板中的应用。
在很多的应用中,基于乙烯基酯、氯乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体、苯乙烯、丁二烯和乙烯的聚合物特别以水分散体或水可再分散的聚合物粉末形式被使用,例如作为涂料组合物或多种基质的粘合剂。在建筑用组合物例如那些基于水泥或石膏灰泥的建筑用组合物中,由保护胶体加以稳定的分散粉末被用于提高粘着、耐磨性、抗刮性或者拉弯强度(Tonindustrie-Zeitung,1985,9,page 698)。这样的分散粉末在例如DE-A 2049114中被描述并且通过喷雾干燥聚合物水分散体并添加聚乙烯醇和其它添加剂而被制备出来。可通过这种方式得到的、具有10-250μm粒径的自由流动粉末在水中再分散以形成具有0.1-5μm粒径的分散体。为了能够在上述应用中得到使用,这种再分散体必须在相对较长的时间之内保持稳定,即,它们不可具有发生沉淀的趋势。
关于分散粉末应用的一个重要领域是液压固化的自流平地板材料组合物。这样的地板材料组合物通过DE-A 3028559和DE-A 10061410而为大家所公知,并且其通常包括水泥或各种水泥的混合物、仔细匹配的填充剂组合、分散粉末、增塑剂以及(如果适当)其它添加剂。所述自流平地板材料组合物通常以干灰泥的形式被送到工地,在那简单地用水搅拌并被涂于地面上。所涂层铺展开从而得到平整表面,这种平整表面或者被直接用作表面层或者用作进一步涂覆的基底。这就会出现问题,尤其是在相对较厚层的涂敷中。在应用中,例如弹坑、小孔或夹气的不平整形成在所涂层的表面上,并且代表磨蚀增强的攻击点。为了减轻这些缺陷,进一步的表面处理是必要的。
为了避免这些不平整的出现,到目前为止已经在使用添加剂。因此,EP-A 477900建议使用1-烷基乙烯基酯和乙烯基酯的充分水解共聚物。但是,这样的添加剂的制备复杂,这对于相应的分散粉末配制是相当大的经济缺点。
EP-B 1133456描述了一种使用基于乙烯基芳族化合物-1,3-二烯聚合物的分散粉末的溶液的可替代路线。但是,这些单体的聚合形成易挥发的副产物(Diels-Alder化合物),所述副产物在制备过程中无法被完全去除,并因此随后在使用分散粉末或其下游产品期间被释放。这导致严重的恶臭污染。这是一个非常大的缺陷,尤其是在大面积应用例如地面材料组合物中。
考虑到这些背景,本发明的目的是提供可替换的分散粉末组合物,其在用于建筑材料、特别是自流平地板材料组合物或整平板时,阻止在所涂层表面上不平整、弹坑或小孔的发生以及所涂层中夹气的发生。
本发明提供基于一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体的聚合物的水可再分散的分散粉末组合物,其中存在一种或多种二聚表面活性剂。
二聚表面活性剂是表面活性剂的一种特殊类型。二聚表面活性剂包括两个通过联接基团(spacer)相连的亲水头基团,并且每个头基团都带有通常疏水的尾基团。
二聚表面活性剂提供一系列优于常规表面活性剂的优点,在常规表面活性剂中只有一个亲水的头基团与疏水尾基团相连。二聚表面活性剂,特别是在各种类型的水基涂料中,被用作消泡剂或表面活性剂(JCT Research,Vol.3,No.1,pp.77-85,2006;US 2287290;US 3325425;DE-A 10326127,DE-A102004047118 or DE-A 19535833)。
优选的二聚表面活性剂是包含两个醇基的炔烃衍生物。优选的二聚表面活性剂也包括炔二醇衍生物,其中一个或两个醇基均被聚乙二醇基所取代。优选的二聚表面活性剂也包括环氧化物与炔二醇衍生物的反应产物,其中炔二醇衍生物的一个或两个醇基均可以通过环氧化物被转化。
特别优选的二聚表面活性剂是如通式(1)的炔烃:
RR1(R2O)C-C≡C-C(OR2)R1R (1)
其中R和R1都是具有1-10个碳原子的、直链的或支链的、取代的或未取代的烷基、芳基或烷氧基烷基,并且R2是氢原子或者式为(-CH2-CH2-O)n-CH2-CH2-OH的聚乙二醇链,其中n=0-50。
上述通式(1)中的所有符号具有彼此无关的含义。
R优选是具有1-6个碳原子的烃基,特别是异丁基、丁基或丙基。R1优选是具有1-6个碳原子的烃基,特别是甲基或乙基。R2优选是氢原子。
一种非常优选的二聚表面活性剂是式(2)的炔二醇衍生物,其也被称为Surfynol 104(Air Products的商品名称)。
特别优选的二聚表面活性剂也包括环氧化物与通式(1)的炔烃的反应产物,其中,在每种情况下R2是氢原子并且一个或两个醇基均可以通过环氧化物被转化。
非常特别优选的二聚表面活性剂是通式(3)的环氧化物与式(2)的炔二醇衍生物的反应产物,
通式(3)中,R3基彼此无关,为氢原子或具有1-10个碳原子的、直链的或支链的、取代的或未被取代的烷基,在式(2)中炔二醇的一个或两个醇基均可以被通式(3)的环氧化物被转化。
特别优选的二聚表面活性剂还包括通式(4)的炔二醇衍生物,
其中,R1是氢原子或具有1-6个碳原子的直链的、支链的或环状的烷基,
R2是具有1-12个碳原子的直链的、支链的或环状的烷基,
R3是氢原子或-CH2OR4基,
R4是具有2-30个碳原子的直链的、支链的或环状的烷基、烯基、芳基或芳烷基,
并且(n+m)具有1-100的平均值,且(p+q)具有0.5-5的平均值。
在通式(4)中,优选R1是甲基并且R2是具有1-6个碳原子的直链的、支链的或环状的烷基。特别优选R1是甲基并且R2是具有4或5个碳原子的直链的、支链的或环状的烷基。R2最优选是异丁基或异戊基。
通式(4)中R4优选是具有2-30个碳原子的直链的、支链的或环状的烷基、烯基、芳基或芳烷基,特别优选是具有4-12个碳原子的直链的、支链的或环状的烷基、烯基、芳基或芳烷基。优选的R4基的实例是乙基、丁基、己基、辛基、2-乙基己基、十二烷基、十八烷基、苯基和甲苯基。特别优选的R4基的实例是丁基、2-乙基己基和十二烷基。
(n+m)优选具有1-50的值,特别优选具有10-30的值。
(p+q)优选具有1-3的值,特别优选为2。
一种非常优选的通式(4)的二聚表面活性剂是,由二当量的环氧乙烷[[(2-乙基己基)氧]甲基]和聚乙二醇醚与一当量的式(2)的炔二醇衍生物反应形成的反应产物。后者的反应产物也被称为SurfynolMD-20(Air Products的商品名称)。
二聚表面活性剂的比例基于分散粉末组合物的总重量是0.01-5.00重量%,优选是0.1-2.0重量%,特别优选是0.1-0.8重量%。
用于水可再分散的分散粉末组合物的优选基础聚合物是基于一个或多个烯键式不饱和单体的聚合物,所述烯键式不饱和单体选自具有1-15个碳原子的羧酸的乙烯基酯、羧酸与具有1-15个碳原子的无支链的或支链的醇的甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯、烯烃或二烯、乙烯基芳族化合物或卤乙烯。
优选的乙烯基酯是乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、2-乙基己酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯、1-甲基乙烯基乙酸酯、新戊酸乙烯酯、和具有5-13个碳原子的α-分支一元羧酸的乙烯基酯,例如,VeoVa9R或VeoVa10R(Shell的商品名称)。特别优选乙酸乙烯酯。
优选的甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯是具有1-15个碳原子的无支链的或支链的醇的酯,例如丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、降冰片基丙烯酸酯。特别优选丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸正丁酯和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。
优选的烯烃或二烯是乙烯、丙烯和1,3-丁二烯。优选的乙烯基芳族化合物是苯乙烯和乙烯基甲苯。优选的卤乙烯是氯乙烯。
如果适当,可以额外共聚基于原料聚合物总重量的0.05-50重量%、优选1-10重量%的辅助单体。辅助单体的实例是烯键式不饱和一元羧酸和二元羧酸,优选乙酸、甲基丙烯酸、富马酸和马来酸;烯键式不饱和甲酰胺和羧基丁腈,优选丙烯酰胺和丙烯腈;富马酸和马来酸的单酯和二酯,例如二乙基酯和二异丙基酯;以及马来酸酐;烯键式不饱和磺酸或它们的盐,优选乙烯基磺酸、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙烷磺酸。其它实例是预交联共聚单体例如多烯键式不饱和共聚单体,例如己二酸二乙烯酯、马来酸二烯丙酯、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯或三聚氰酸三烯丙酯;或后交联共聚单体,例如丙烯酰胺基羟基乙酸(AGA)、甲基丙烯酰胺基羟基乙酸甲酯(MAGME)、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA)、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺(NMMA)、N-羟甲基氨基甲酸烯丙酯、烷基醚例如异丁氧基醚、或N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺的酯、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺的酯和N-羟甲基氨基甲酸烯丙酯的酯。合适的还有环氧官能的共聚单体,例如甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。其它实例是硅官能的共聚单体,例如丙烯酰氧丙基三(烷氧基)硅烷和甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三(烷氧基)硅烷、乙烯基三烷氧基硅烷和乙烯基甲基二烷氧基硅烷,其中的烷氧基可以是例如甲氧基、乙氧基和乙氧基丙烯乙二醇醚基。值得一提的还有具有羟基或CO基团的单体,例如甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酸的羟烷基酯,例如甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸羟乙酯、羟丙酯或羟丁酯,以及化合物例如二丙酮丙烯酰胺和甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸乙酰基乙酰氧乙基酯。其它实例是乙烯基醚例如甲基、乙基或异丁基乙烯基醚。
合适的均聚物和共聚物的实例是乙酸乙烯酯均聚物、乙酸乙烯酯与乙烯的共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯与乙烯和一种或多种其它乙烯基酯的共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯与乙烯和丙烯酸酯的共聚物、乙酸乙烯酯与乙烯和氯乙烯的共聚物、苯乙烯一丙烯酸酯共聚物、苯乙烯-1,3-丁二烯共聚物。
优选的是乙酸乙烯酯均聚物;乙酸乙烯酯与1-40重量%乙烯的共聚物;乙酸乙烯酯与1-40重量%乙烯和1-50重量%的一种或多种其它共聚单体的共聚物,所述其它共聚单体选自羧酸基中具有1-12个碳原子的乙烯基酯,例如丙酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯、具有5-13个碳原子的α-支链羧酸的乙烯基酯,例如VeoVa9R、VeoVa10R、VeoVa11R;乙酸乙烯酯、1-40重量%乙烯和优选1-60重量%丙烯酸酯的共聚物,所述丙烯酸酯是具有1-15个碳原子的无支链的或支链醇的丙烯酸酯,特别是丙烯酸正丁酯或丙烯酸2-乙基己酯;和包括如下成分的共聚物:30-75重量%的乙酸乙烯酯、1-30重量%的月桂酸乙烯酯或具有5-13个碳原子的α-支链羧酸的乙烯基酯、以及1-30重量%的丙烯酸酯,其中所述丙烯酸酯是具有1-15个碳原子的无支链的或支链醇的丙烯酸酯,特别是丙烯酸正丁酯或丙烯酸2-乙基己酯,所述共聚物还可以额外包含1-40重量%的乙烯;包括乙酸乙烯酯、1-40重量%的乙烯和1-60重量%的氯乙烯的共聚物;所提到的辅助单体每个均能以所述量存在于聚合物中并且在每种情况下重量百分比之和为100%。
还优选(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物例如丙烯酸正丁酯或丙烯酸2-乙基己酯的共聚物或甲基丙烯酸甲酯与丙烯酸正丁酯和/或丙烯酸2-乙基己酯以及(如果适当)乙烯的共聚物;包括一种或多种单体的苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物,所述单体选自丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯;包括一种或多种单体以及(如果适当)乙烯的乙酸乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物,所述单体选自丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯;苯乙烯-1,3-丁二烯共聚物;所提到的辅助单体每个均能以所述量存在于聚合物中并且在每种情况下重量百分比之和为100%。
选择所述单体和共聚单体的重量比从而使通常得到的玻璃化转变温度Tg为-50℃-+50℃,优选-30℃-+40℃。所述聚合物的玻璃化转变温度Tg可以通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)以已知的方式来测定。Tg也可以通过Fox等式提前被粗略计算出来。根据Fox T.G.,Bull.Am.Physics Soc.1,3,page 123(1956):1/Tg=x1/Tg1+x2/Tg2+...+xn/Tgn,其中xn是单体n的质量分率(重量%/100),Tgn是单体n的均聚物的玻璃化转变温度,以Kelvin表示。均聚物的Tg值由Polymer Handbook 2nd Edition,J.Wiley & Sons,NewYork(1975)给出。
本发明还提供一种通过在水介质中一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体的乳液聚合或悬浮聚合,并且随后干燥得到的水分散体来制备水可再分散的分散粉末组合物的方法,其中加入一种或多种二聚表面活性剂。
聚合物优选通过乳液聚合过程来制备。聚合温度优选为40℃-100℃,特别优选60℃-90℃。气态共聚单体如乙烯、1,3丁二烯或氯乙烯的共聚也可以在通常为5-100bar的超大气压力下进行。
通过通常用于乳液聚合或悬浮聚合的水溶性的或可溶于单体的引发剂或氧化还原引发剂组合来引发聚合。水溶性引发剂的实例是过二硫酸的钠、钾和铵盐;过氧化氢;叔丁基过氧化物;叔丁基氢过氧化物;过二磷酸钾;叔丁基过氧化新戊酸酯;氢过氧化异丙苯;单过氧化异丙苯;偶氮二异丁腈。可溶于单体的引发剂的实例是过氧化二碳酸联十六烷基酯、过氧化二碳酸二环己酯、过氧化二苯甲酰。所提到的引发剂通常的用量为0.001-0.02重量%,优选0.001-0.01重量%,各种情况下均基于单体的总重量。
对于氧化还原引发剂,使用提到的引发剂与还原剂的组合。合适的还原剂是碱金属和铵的亚硫酸盐和亚硫酸氢盐,例如亚硫酸钠;次硫酸的衍生物例如锌或碱金属甲醛合次硫酸盐,例如羟基甲烷亚磺酸钠;和抗坏血酸。还原剂的量通常是0.001-0.03重量%,优选0.001-0.015重量%,各种情况下均基于单体的总重量。
为了控制分子量,在聚合过程中可以使用调节物质。如果使用调节剂,其用量通常是基于待聚合的单体重量的0.01-5.0重量%,并且被单独引入或者与反应组分进行预混合。这样的物质的实例是正十二烷硫醇、叔十二烷硫醇、巯基丙酸、巯基丙酸甲酯、异丙醇和乙醛。
用于聚合的合适的保护胶体是聚乙烯醇;聚乙烯醇缩乙醛;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;水溶形式的多糖,例如淀粉(直链淀粉和支链淀粉)、纤维素和它们的羧甲基、甲基、羟乙基、羟丙基衍生物、糊精和环糊精;蛋白质例如酪蛋白或酪蛋白酸盐、大豆蛋白、白明胶;木质素磺酸盐;合成聚合物例如聚(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸酯与羧基官能的共聚单体单元的共聚物、聚(甲基)丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯基磺酸和它们的水溶性共聚物;三聚氰胺甲醛磺酸酯、萘甲醛磺酸酯、苯乙烯-马来酸和乙烯基醚-马来酸共聚物。
优选水解度为80-100摩尔%的部分水解或全部水解的聚乙烯醇,特别是水解度为80-95摩尔%、在4%浓度水溶液中的Hppler粘度是1-30mPas(20℃下Hppler法,DIN 53015)的部分水解的聚乙烯醇。还优选水解度为80-95摩尔%,在4%浓度水溶液中的Hppler粘度为1-30mPas的部分水解的、疏水改性的聚乙烯醇。实例是乙酸乙烯酯与疏水共聚单体的部分水解共聚物,所述疏水共聚单体例如乙酸异丙烯酯、新戊酸乙烯酯、乙基己酸乙烯酯、具有5个或9-11个碳原子的饱和α-支链一元羧酸的乙烯基酯、二烷基马来酸酯和二烷基富马酸酯例如二异丙基马来酸酯和二异丙基富马酸酯、氯乙烯、乙烯基烷基醚例如乙烯基丁基醚、烯烃例如乙烯和癸烯。疏水单元的比例基于部分水解聚乙烯醇的总重量优选是0.1-10重量%。还可能使用上述提到的聚乙烯醇的混合物。
最为优选的是水解度为85-94摩尔%、在4%浓度水溶液中的Hppler粘度为3-15mPas(20℃下Hppler法,DIN 53015)的聚乙烯醇。所提到的保护胶体可以通过本领域技术人员所公知的方法得到,并且在聚合中通常其加入量基于单体总重量为1-20重量%。
如果聚合是在乳化剂存在下进行,乳化剂的存在量基于单体总重量为1-5重量%。合适的乳化剂包括阴离子型、阳离子型和非离子型乳化剂,例如阴离子型表面活性剂如链长为8-18个碳原子的烷基硫酸酯、疏水基上具有8-18个碳原子并具有总共40个环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷单元的烷基或烷基芳基醚硫酸酯、具有8-18个碳原子的烷基磺酸酯或烷基芳基磺酸酯、磺基琥珀酸与一元醇或烷基酚的酯或单酯;或非离子型表面活性剂例如具有8-40个环氧乙烷单元的烷基聚乙二醇醚或烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚。
聚合结束以后,可以根据公知的方法通常通过使用氧化还原催化剂的后聚合引发剂来进行后聚合,以除去残余单体。挥发性残余单体也可以通过蒸馏去除,优选在减压下进行,并且,如果适当,使惰性共沸剂气体例如空气、氮气或蒸气通过或覆盖反应混合物。
可以用这种方式得到的水分散体具有的固含量为30-75重量%,优选50-60重量%。
水不溶性的、成膜的加聚和缩聚聚合物例如聚氨基甲酸酯、聚酯、聚醚、聚酰胺、三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂、萘-甲醛树脂、酚-甲醛树脂,如果适当,以它们的低聚预产物形式,也适合作为聚合的保护胶体。
为了制备水可再分散聚合物粉末,在加入保护胶体作为干燥助剂之后如果适当,水分散体例如通过流化床干燥、冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥而被干燥。分散体优选被喷雾干燥。喷雾干燥在常规的喷雾干燥装置中进行,雾化能够通过单流体、二流体或多流体喷嘴或者通过旋转盘来进行。根据所述装置、树脂的Tg和期望的干燥程度,出口温度通常被选择为45℃-120℃,优选60℃-90℃,
通常,所述干燥助剂(保护胶体)的总用量基于分散体的聚合组分为3-30重量%。优选基于聚合物含量使用5-20重量%。
合适的干燥助剂是部分水解的聚乙烯醇;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;水溶形式的多糖,例如,淀粉(直链淀粉和支链淀粉)、纤维素和它们的羧甲基、甲基、羟乙基、羟丙基衍生物;蛋白质例如酪蛋白或酪蛋白酸酯、大豆蛋白、白明胶;木质素磺酸酯;合成聚合物例如聚(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸酯与羧基官能的共聚单体单元的共聚物、聚(甲基)丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯基磺酸和它们的水溶性共聚物;三聚氰胺甲醛磺酸酯、萘甲醛磺酸酯、苯乙烯-马来酸和乙烯基醚-马来酸共聚物。优选不同于聚乙烯醇的其它保护胶体作为干燥助剂,而优选作为保护胶体的聚乙烯醇也优选用作干燥助剂。
在引发聚合之前,二聚表面活性剂可以与烯键式不饱和单体混合。或者,二聚表面活性剂可以在烯键式不饱和单体的聚合期间加入。同样可能的是,在引发聚合之前向烯键式不饱和单体中加入部分二聚表面活性剂,并且在烯键式不饱和单体的聚合期间加入剩余的二聚表面活性剂。
二聚表面活性剂优选在聚合结束后被加入到聚合物分散体中。二聚表面活性剂特别优选在干燥聚合物分散体之前被加入。为了这个目的,将一种或多种二聚表面活性剂加入到聚合物水分散体中,随后通过上述方法对以这种方式得到的混合物进行干燥。在其它的特别优选的实施方案中,一种或多种二聚表面活性剂也可以在干燥聚合物水分散体期间被加入。
或者,干燥的聚合物粉末也可以与一种或多种二聚表面活性剂混合。
在用于干燥聚合物水分散体的雾化中,基于基础聚合物含量达3重量%的消泡剂,经常发现是有利的。为了通过提高结块稳定性来提高储存性能,特别是在聚合物粉末具有低玻璃化转变温度的情况下,可以用防结块剂提供基于聚合组分总重量多达30重量%的所得聚合物粉末。防结块剂的实例是粒径优选为10nm-100μm的碳酸钙和碳酸镁、滑石、石膏、硅石、高岭土、偏高岭土、煅烧高岭土、硅酸盐。
待干燥的混合物的粘度通过固含量来调节,从而得到小于1500mPas的值(23℃和20转下的Brookfield粘度),优选小于500mPas。所述待干燥的混合物的固含量为大于35%,优选大于40%。
为了改善使用性能,其它添加剂可以在干燥期间被加入。优选实施方案中存在的分散粉末组合物的其它组分是,例如颜料、填料、泡沫稳定剂、疏水剂或水泥增塑剂。
水可再分散的分散粉末组合物特别适合用于建筑用化学制品。它们可以单独使用或者与常规的聚合物分散体或分散粉末结合使用,如果适当,还可以与液压固化粘合剂例如水泥(硅酸盐、铝酸盐、火山灰水泥、矿渣水泥、镁氧水泥、磷酸盐水泥)、石膏灰泥和用以制造流动组合物的水玻璃、建筑用胶粘剂、灰泥和抹灰、刮涂用填孔剂、接缝灰浆、密封泥浆或涂料结合使用。在建筑用胶粘剂中,地砖用胶粘剂或隔热胶粘剂是分散粉末组合物优选的应用领域。分散粉末组合物优选的应用领域是流动组合物,特别优选自流平地板材料组合物和整平板。
为了用于流动组合物,分散粉末组合物被混合入合适的配制剂中。优选添加0.5-10重量%的分散粉末组合物。所述配制剂还包含5-80重量%的无机、液压固化粘合剂例如水泥、石膏灰泥或它们的混合物;优选使用水泥作为粘合剂。配制剂中其它组分是5-80重量%的无机填料例如砂子、石英粉、白垩、重质碳酸钙、滤灰或它们的混合物。为了进一步改善流动性能,促进流动添加剂例如酪蛋白或水泥增塑剂,如果适当,可以被加入到干燥混合物中。所述的以重量%表示的量总是基于用于各流动组合物的配制剂的100重量%干物质。最后通过向上述干燥混合物中加水而得到即可使用的流动组合物。
所述即可使用的流动组合物可以被用于制备自流平涂料。优选用作自流平地板材料组合物或用于制备整平板。
涂敷自流平涂料使基底变平整、平坦或平滑。为了这个目的,将即可使用的流动组合物浇注到合适的基体上、分布开并最后干燥。通常,得到的层厚度为0.5-30.0mm。但是,即使涂敷更厚的层,例如厚度为40.0mm或者甚至50.0mm的层时,在根据本发明的程序中也可以得到具有优异机械强度和硬度的光滑表面。
下面的实施例对本发明作出详细的说明,但是不应当被看作是一种限制。
实施例:
分散粉末组合物的制备:
粉末通过喷雾干燥乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(SC=50%)的水分散体和8重量%的聚乙烯醇的混合物,并且如果合适,添加0.4重量%的添加剂而被制备出来,其中所述聚乙烯醇具有88摩尔%的水解度和4-13mPas的Hppler粘度;重量百分比在各种情况下都是基于所用的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的量。
通过使用4bar下的压缩雾化空气的二流体喷嘴对混合物进行喷雾。通过加热到125℃的空气,所形成的液滴同时被干燥。将得到的干燥粉末与20重量%的商用防结块剂相混合。
实施例1:
包含如式(2)的炔二醇衍生物(也被称为是Surfynol104(AirProducts的商品名称))作为添加剂的分散粉末组合物。
实施例2:
包含SurfynolMD-20(Air Products的商品名称)作为添加剂的分散粉末组合物。SurfynolMD-20是两当量的环氧乙烷[[(2-乙基己基)氧]甲基]和聚乙二醇醚与一当量的式(2)的炔二醇衍生物的反应产物。
对比例3:
对比例4:
未加入添加剂的分散粉末组合物。
在试验的过程中,根据实施例1-2与对比例3-4得到的分散体粉末组合物的粉末性能被测定(见表1)并且它们在自流平地板材料组合物中的加工和表面性能也得到检测(见表2)。
抗结块性的测定(BR):
为了测定抗结块性,将待检测的粉末引入带有螺旋帽的铁管中,然后通过金属冲压机进行装载。包含粉末的管在50℃负荷下被储存在干燥炉中16个小时。冷却到室温之后,将粉末从管中取出并通过压碎粉末定量测定其结块稳定性(见表1)。
将结块稳定性作如下分级:
1=非常好的结块稳定性
2=好的结块稳定性
3=满意的结块稳定性
4=结块不稳定;粉末在压碎后不再自由流动。
沉淀行为的测定(SB):
再分散体的沉淀行为用作再分散粉末的再分散性的一种衡量标准。通过强剪切力的作用,将待检测的粉末以50重量%的浓度再分散于水中。
随后在稀释的再分散体(固含量=0.5%)中测定沉淀行为。为了这个目的,将100ml的这种分散体引入到刻度管中并且测量固体沉淀物的高度。24小时后以沉淀物质的mm量来记录结果。大于7的值表示粉末的再分散性不令人满意(见表1)。
利用具有如下组成的地板材料组合物进行使用测试:
硅酸盐水泥 20重量%
EFA填料(电滤灰填料) 4重量%
硅砂 20重量%
碳酸钙填料 22.7重量%
酪蛋白 0.3重量%
和,如果适当,在实施例(对比例)中提到的添加剂。
通过充分混合所列的地板材料组合物的组分和在实施例(对比例)中提到的添加剂,来制备干燥的混合物。
将干燥的混合物与水掺和(每100重量%的干燥混合物16-18重量%的水)并且充分混合。以这种方式得到的灰浆以4mm厚的层被浇注到膜上。
实施例5:
包含实施例1的分散粉末组合物作为添加剂(基于地板材料组合物总质量的3重量%)的地板材料组合物。
实施例6:
包含实施例2的分散粉末组合物作为添加剂(基于地板材料组合物总质量的3重量%)的地板材料组合物。
对比例7:
包含对比例3的分散粉末组合物作为添加剂(基于地板材料组合物总质量的3重量%)的地板材料组合物。
对比例8:
包含对比例4的分散粉末组合物作为添加剂(基于地板材料组合物总质量的3重量%)的地板材料组合物。
对比例9:
包含2.988重量%的对比例4的分散粉末组合物和0.012重量%的式(2)的炔二醇衍生物(支撑材料上75%强度;也被公知为Air Products的商品名称Surfynol104)作为添加剂的地板材料组合物,其中重量百分比是基于地板材料组合物的总质量。
对比例10:
包含2.988重量%的对比例4的分散粉末组合物和0.012重量%的SurfynolMD-20(Air Products的商品名称)作为添加剂的地板材料组合物,其中重量百分比是基于地板材料组合物的总质量。SurfynolMD-20是两当量的环氧乙烷[[(2-乙基己基)氧]甲基]和聚乙二醇醚与一当量的式(2)的炔二醇衍生物的反应产物。
对比例11:
包含0.12重量%的SurfynolMD-20(Air Products的商品名称)作为添加剂的地板材料组合物,其中重量百分比是基于地板材料组合物的总质量。SurfynolMD-20是两当量的环氧乙烷[[(2-乙基己基)氧]甲基]和聚乙二醇醚与一当量的式(2)的炔二醇衍生物的反应产物。
对比例12:
不含添加剂的地板材料混合物。
表面性能的测试(NS):
利用下列的评价尺度进行视觉上的评价:
1=非常光滑,没有弹坑和小孔
2=非常光滑,没有弹坑,少量小孔
3=光滑,少量弹坑,很多小孔
4=光滑,一些弹坑,很多小孔
硬度和耐刮擦性的测试(HS):
通过用小刀刮擦来检测硬度和耐刮擦性。这同时也给出了组合物的耐磨性的信息。
评价尺度:
1=非常坚硬,非常强烈的粘合,非常耐刮擦
2=坚硬,强烈的粘合,耐刮擦
3=适度地坚硬,适度的粘合,适度地耐刮擦
4=适度地坚硬,粘合不足,很小的耐刮擦性
分散粉末组合物或分散粉末的结块性能BR和沉淀行为SB的测试结果总结于表1中;灰浆的表面性能(NS)和硬度以及耐刮擦性HS的测试结果总结于表2中。
表1:分散粉末组合物:
由表1可以看出,分散粉末组合物(表1,实施例1-2)的粉末性能和标准产物相应的性能(表1,对比例3-4)处在相当的高水平。
但是,根据本发明的地板材料组合物(表2,实施例5-6)的使用性能显著的优于包括含有常规添加剂(表2,对比例7)或没有添加剂(表2,对比例8)的分散粉末组合物的地板材料组合物的相应性能。在干燥混合物(表2,对比例9和10)的制备中直接添加二聚表面活性剂,达不到根据本发明的地板材料组合物(表2,实施例5-6)的使用性能。
在所有未向灰浆中加入分散粉末的情况中,得到的灰浆具有十分令人不满意的表面性能和硬度(表2,对比例11-12)。在对比例(表2)中所述的既不含分散粉末又不含二聚表面活性剂的灰浆的情况中,使用性能尤其令人不满意。
表2:自流平地板材料组合物。
实施例 | 实施例中的粉末 | NS | HS |
5 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
6 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
对比例 | 对比例中的粉末 | ||
7 | 3 | 3 | 2-4 |
8 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
9a) | 4 | 3 | 3 |
10b) | 4 | 3 | 3 |
11b) | - | 3 | 3 |
12 | - | 4 | 3-4 |
Claims (16)
1.基于一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体的聚合物的水可再分散的分散粉末组合物,其中存在一种或多种二聚表面活性剂,所述二聚表面活性剂在喷雾干燥聚合物水分散体之前或期间被加入,并且基于分散体的聚合组分,3-30重量%的保护胶体被用作干燥助剂,其中使用炔二醇衍生物作为二聚表面活性剂,或者使用环氧化物与炔二醇衍生物的反应产物作为二聚表面活性剂,其中该炔二醇衍生物的一个或两个醇基均可以通过环氧化物被转化。
2.如权利要求1所述的分散粉末组合物,其中所用的一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体选自具有1-15个碳原子的无支链的或支链烷基羧酸的乙烯基酯和甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸与具有1-15个碳原子的无支链的或支链醇的酯、乙烯基芳族化合物、烯烃、和卤乙烯。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的分散粉末组合物,其中所用的一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体选自乙酸乙烯酯、乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯和具有5-13个碳原子的α-支链一元羧酸的乙烯基酯、乙酸乙烯酯和VeoVa9R、以及乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯和VeoVa10R、以及乙烯、乙酸乙烯酯和月桂酸乙烯酯、以及乙烯、以及乙烯和具有5-13个碳原子的α-支链一元羧酸的乙烯基酯。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的分散粉末组合物,其中所用的一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体选自丙烯酸乙酯;甲基丙烯酸乙酯;丙烯酸丙酯;甲基丙烯酸丙酯;甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯或甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯;丙烯酸甲酯;甲基丙烯酸甲酯;丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯或丙烯酸叔丁酯;丙烯酸2-乙基己酯和降冰片基丙烯酸酯。
5.如权利要求1所述的分散粉末组合物,其中使用一个或两个醇基均被聚乙二醇基取代的炔二醇衍生物作为二聚表面活性剂。
6.如权利要求1所述的分散粉末组合物,其中使用通式(1)的炔烃衍生物作为二聚表面活性剂,
RR1(R2O)C-C≡C-C(OR2)R1R (1)
其中R和R1均是直链的或支链的、取代的或未取代的具有1-10个碳原子的烷基、芳基或烷氧基烷基,且R2是氢原子或式为(-CH2-CH2-O)n-CH2-CH2-OH的聚乙二醇链,其中n=0.5-50,各个R、R1和R2基均具有彼此无关的含义。
7.如权利要求6所述的分散粉末组合物,其中使用通式(1)的炔烃衍生物作为二聚表面活性剂,其中R是异丁基、丁基或丙基,且R1是甲基或乙基。
9.如权利要求1所述的分散粉末组合物,其中二聚表面活性剂基于分散粉末组合物总重量的比例是0.01-5.00重量%。
10.一种制备权利要求1所述的水可再分散的分散粉末组合物的方法,其通过在含水介质中乳液聚合或悬浮聚合一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体,并在加入保护胶体作为干燥助剂之后,干燥得到的水分散体,其中加入一种或多种二聚表面活性剂,使用炔二醇衍生物作为所述二聚表面活性剂,或者使用环氧化物与炔二醇衍生物的反应产物作为所述二聚表面活性剂,其中该炔二醇衍生物的一个或两个醇基均可以通过环氧化物被转化。
11.如权利要求10所述的制备分散粉末组合物的方法,其中将一种或多种二聚表面活性剂与一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体混合,并且随后使所述烯键式不饱和单体聚合。
12.如权利要求10所述的制备分散粉末组合物的方法,其中使一种或多种烯键式不饱和单体聚合,并且在此期间加入一种或多种二聚表面活性剂。
13.如权利要求10所述的制备分散粉末组合物的方法,其中将一种或多种二聚表面活性剂与聚合物水分散体混合,并且干燥以这种方式得到的混合物。
14.如权利要求1-9之一所述的分散粉末组合物在建筑用化学制品中的用途。
15.如权利要求1-9之一所述的分散粉末组合物在流动组合物、建筑用胶粘剂、地砖用胶粘剂、隔热胶粘剂、灰泥和抹灰、刮涂用填孔剂、接缝灰浆、密封泥浆或涂料中的用途。
16.如权利要求1-9之一所述的分散粉末组合物在自流平地板材料组合物或整平板中的用途。
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