CN101107407A - 制造具有光滑面或凹凸面的可堆叠的内接合砖、块体、石头等的模制设备和方法 - Google Patents

制造具有光滑面或凹凸面的可堆叠的内接合砖、块体、石头等的模制设备和方法 Download PDF

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CN101107407A
CN101107407A CNA2006800019798A CN200680001979A CN101107407A CN 101107407 A CN101107407 A CN 101107407A CN A2006800019798 A CNA2006800019798 A CN A2006800019798A CN 200680001979 A CN200680001979 A CN 200680001979A CN 101107407 A CN101107407 A CN 101107407A
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brick
resolution element
mould
molding equipment
resolution
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D·肖塞
L·T·蒂尔容
S·戈捷
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Novabrik International Inc
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
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    • B28B7/241—Detachable assemblies of mould parts providing only in mutual co-operation a number of complete moulding spaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B28B15/00—General arrangement or layout of plant ; Industrial outlines or plant installations
    • B28B15/005—Machines using pallets co-operating with a bottomless mould; Feeding or discharging means for pallets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
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    • B28B3/04—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with one ram per mould
    • B28B3/06—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with one ram per mould with two or more ram and mould sets
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    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B28B7/10—Moulds with means incorporated therein, or carried thereby, for ejecting or detaching the moulded article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
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    • B28B7/24—Unitary mould structures with a plurality of moulding spaces, e.g. moulds divided into multiple moulding spaces by integratable partitions, mould part structures providing a number of moulding spaces in mutual co-operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/04—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with a fixed mould
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
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    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
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    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
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    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
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    • E04F13/0864—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements composed of superposed elements which overlap each other and of which the flat outer surface includes an acute angle with the surface to cover
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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Abstract

公开了一种模制可堆叠的内接合砖、块体、石头等的模制设备和方法。该模制设备包括含有单独空腔的主体结构。每个空腔优选地具有砖分离元件可连接至其上的中间结构。在没有砖分离元件的情况下，每个空腔可以形成两个连接的可分离的砖，而在具有砖分离元件的情况下，每个空腔可以保持两个单独的带有光滑面或凹凸面的砖。可堆叠的内接合砖的尺寸和形状使得在离开模具但仍处于未固化形式时，所述砖可以依靠其侧部站立，而不会在制造过程中跌倒、损坏、起皱或者以其他方式变形。

Description

制造具有光滑面或凹凸面的可堆叠的内接合砖、块体、石头等的模制设备和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于建造无灰泥墙壁的可堆叠的内接合砖、块体、石头等的领域。本发明更具体地涉及制造具有各个带有光滑面或凹凸面或者连接的可分离的内接合砖、块体、石头等的方法。如在下文中所用的，术语“砖”也指块体、石头等。
背景技术
可堆叠的内接合砖用于建造无灰泥的墙壁，并且这在本领域中公知。不需要使用诸如灰泥的粘合剂保持在一起而可以堆叠在一起并互锁的建造墙壁用块体是公知的。一种这样的块体具有包括突出元件的顶面和包括榫眼元件的底面。两个元件都被构造成当两个块体堆叠时，一块体的底面接合布置在下方的相似块体的顶面，同时该块体的顶面接合布置在其上方的块体的底面。(Bouchard等的)美国专利No.6,108,995示出了这种块体的例子。
在制造可堆叠的内接合砖的方法中，由砖材料例如混凝土制成的多个连接的可分离的砖首先浇铸在金属模具中。模制的连接的砖单元然后从所述模具中取出并在钢板或木板上运输经过制造设备。所模制的连接的砖单元然后在窑中加工以使所述砖材料固化。一旦固化好，借助于已知的分离设备在两个单独的分离面砖的中间拆分每一个连接的砖。在该实施例中，每个模制的连接的砖单元可以形成两个分离面砖。
由单个连接的可分离的砖单元制造两个分离面砖的原因是基于下述现象：在固化工序完成之前，未固化的单个砖太易碎了以至于不能在制造设备内运输且在运输过程中没有损坏或变形到不可接受的程度。运输未固化的各个现有技术的砖会导致有缺陷或不合格砖的增加。
此外，将连接的砖单元切割成各个砖的方法导致砖具有分离面，这并不总是所期望的。
因此，需要发现一种装置，借此可以独立地模制、运输和固化可堆叠的砖且不会损坏或变形到不可接受的程度，并且使得所制造的砖面可以是光滑的或者凹凸的。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种装置，借此可以独立地模制、运输和固化可堆叠的砖且不会在制造过程中损坏或变形。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种不需要专用切割设备而在单个模具腔中制造两个单独的砖的方法。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种可以在模制所述砖的同时模制具有光滑面的砖的模制设备。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种可以在模制所述砖的同时模制具有凹凸面的砖的模制设备。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种可以选择性地模制各个带有光滑面的砖、带有凹凸面的砖或者连接的砖单元(其要在制造过程中进一步切割)的模制设备。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种模制设备以制造带有光滑面或凹凸面的砖，该砖可以便宜地制造。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种模制设备以制造带有光滑面或凹凸面的砖，其容易操作。
本发明的其它以及进一步目的和优点将在阅读下面要描述的示意性实施例后变得显而易见，或者将在附属权利要求中表示，并且实践中实施本发明后这里没有指出的各种优点也将出现。
本发明的这些以及其它目的将随着描述的进行而越来越明显。
根据本发明的一个发明，提供了一种制造各个带有光滑面或凹凸面的砖或者连接的可分离的砖的方法。每个砖具有突出互锁元件和榫眼互锁元件，它们被构造成当砖、块体或石头等一个堆叠在另一个纸上时，砖处于互相接合的关系。
根据本发明的模制设备包括具有至少一个空腔，优选地多个空腔的模具。每个空腔允许形成一对可分离的砖。砖分离元件可以安装在每个空腔的中间以允许形成两个单独自由站立的砖。所述砖分离元件通过诸如螺钉或螺杆的紧固装置固定在位。一旦所述砖分离元件安装好，所述连接的可分离的砖空腔可以有效地分离成两个单独的模具空腔。
所述砖分离元件具有包含开口的上部。所述开口用于接纳诸如螺钉或螺杆的紧固件。所述紧固件用于将砖分离元件固定至模制设备主题。
所述砖分离元件由硬且坚固的材料例如钢或铸铁制成。
所述砖分离元件具有光滑表面或者带有突起和/或空腔的表面。
还提供了一种使用所述模制设备和所述空腔分离元件制造单独的带光滑面或凹凸面的砖的方法。
所述方法包括：a)选择其中要模制单独的带光滑面或凹凸面的砖的各个模具，b)将所述带光滑面的砖分离元件安装在所选模具中，c)将所述带凹凸面的砖分离元件安装在所选模具中，d)利用紧固件紧固所述带光滑面的砖分离元件，e)利用紧固件紧固所述带凹凸面的砖分离元件，f)将所述模制设备安装在模制机中。
因此，本发明包括各种元件的构造、组合以及部件的布置，其构造将在下文中示例性地阐述，本发明的范围在权利要求书中表示。尽管上面的发明内容部分更具体地描述了用来制造在一结构上建造无灰泥墙壁的可堆叠的内接合砖块、石头等，但本发明还可以用于例如制造可堆叠的内接合砖、块体、石头等以建造景观墙壁。
附图说明
为了更完整地理解本发明的实质和目的，应结合附图参考下面的详细描述，附图中：
图1是用于制造可分离的可堆叠的内接合砖的现有技术的模制设备的透视图；
图2是单独的可堆叠的内接合砖的透视图；
图3是根据本发明用于制造可分离的可堆叠的内接合砖的模制设备的俯视图；
图4是根据本发明用于制造单独的带有光滑(或凹凸)面的可堆叠的内接合砖的模制设备的俯视图；
图5是如图4的模制设备所生产的两个单独的带有光滑(或凹凸)面的可堆叠的内接合砖的俯视图；
图6是根据本发明的单个带有光滑面的可堆叠的砖的透视图；
图7是图3所示模制设备所生产的可分离的砖的俯视图；
图8是根据本发明的堆叠的砖的侧视图；
图9是根据本发明的单个分离面可堆叠的砖的透视图；
图10是如图4所示的模制设备所生产的带有光滑(或凹凸)面的砖的俯视图；
图11是根据本发明的单个带有凹凸面的可堆叠的砖的透视图；
图12是用于制造带有光滑面的可堆叠的内接合砖的砖分离元件的透视图；
图13用于制造带有凹凸面的可堆叠的内接合砖的砖分离元件的透视图；
图14是用于制造带有凹凸面的可堆叠的内接合砖的砖分离元件的侧视图；
图15是通过使用多个带有凹凸面的可堆叠的内接合砖形成的一种可能图案的透视图；
图16是由现有技术的模制设备所生产的现有技术的可分离的可堆叠的内接合砖的俯视图。
具体实施方式
参考附图，在这里将为了示意性目的并且非限制地描述本发明的优选实施例。
本申请的说明书以及附图仅用于说明本发明的思想。至于其细节，本发明可以在权利要求的范围内改变。因此，各个可堆叠的内接合砖(1)(图6)的尺寸和形状可以按照需要选择，只要所述尺寸和形状能使所述各个砖依靠其未固化的侧部站立，如图6所示，而不会在制造过程中跌倒、损坏、起皱或以其它方式变形。
仅出于示例目的，参看图6，如果侧剖面区域(3)与砖长度(2)的比率是26.65∶1，则具有侧剖面形状(3)的单个独立可堆叠的内接合砖1如图所示将依靠其未固化的侧部站立，而不会在制造过程中跌倒、损坏、起皱或以其它方式变形。但是，对于根据图6的其它砖特性，例如砖材料、砖形状、砖侧面惯性力矩以及砖长度，该比率可以不同。
参考图3和4，示出了模制设备主体(10)。多个空腔(12)形成在该模制设备主体(10)中。空腔(12)用于浇铸混凝土或其它合适材料以生产砖(此处未示出)。
图3显示了用于生产可分离的砖单元的模制设备。但是，在图4中，分离元件(11)已经在连接点(20)和(21)处连接至模具(12)(见图3)。在所述连接点(20)和(21)处连接的所述砖分离元件(11)因而形成两个分离的空腔(13)，以模制各个带有光滑面或带有凹凸面的砖。
图12显示了用于制造各个带有光滑面的砖的砖分离元件。所述砖分离元件的上部(30)在所述上部的两端处具有开口(31)，以将所述砖分离元件固定至模制设备主体(10)(见图3和图4)。该砖分离元件可以具有多个砖分离板(32)。
图13显示了用于制造各个带有凹凸面的砖的砖分离元件。所述砖分离元件的上部(30)在所述上部的两端处具有开口(31)，以将所述砖分离元件固定至模制设备主体(10)(见图3和图4)。该砖分离元件可以具有多个砖分离板(33)。
参考图12和13，示出了光滑的砖分离元件(32)和凹凸的砖分离元件(33)。所述光滑的砖分离元件(32)和凹凸的砖分离元件(33)在每一侧上具有V形凹槽(34)，以将每个砖分离元件(32)/(33)固定在模具设备主体(10)中(见图3和4)。
尽管利用一定程度的特殊性描述了用于模制带有光滑面或凹凸面的可堆叠的内接合砖的模制设备和方法，但应理解，该公开仅仅是示例性的，本发明不限于这里所示和所述的实施例的特征，而是包括落在如附属权利要求所限定的本发明的范围和精神内的各种变型和改进。附属权利要求限定了本发明的实施例的排他特性和权利。

Claims (18)

1.一种由混凝土或其它相似材料制成的可堆叠的内接合砖、块体、石头等，其具有这样的尺寸和形状，即能使所述砖独自站立而不会在其制造过程中损坏、变形或起皱。
2.一种制造设备，其可以模制多对单独的可堆叠的内接合砖，所述每对砖由布置在所述砖的外表面之间的分离元件分离。
3.根据权利要求2的模制设备，包括紧固件开口，以将所述砖分离元件固定至模具。
4.根据权利要求2的模制设备，其中所述分离元件通过螺钉、螺栓等连接至模具。
5.一种根据权利要求2的模具的砖分离元件。
6.根据权利要求5的砖分离元件，包括紧固件开口，以将所述砖分离元件固定至模具。
7.根据权利要求5的砖分离元件，其中该分离元件由非常硬且坚固材料制成。
8.根据权利要求5的砖分离元件，其中所述材料选自钢、铸铁。
9.根据权利要求5的砖分离元件，其中所述材料具有光滑表面。
10.根据权利要求5的砖分离元件，其中所述材料具有凹凸表面。
11.一种用于将砖分离元件安装在模制设备中的方法，所述模制设备由多个模具构成，所述方法包括以下步骤：
a.选择其中要安装砖分离元件的模具；
b.将砖分离元件滑入所述模具中；
c.利用紧固装置紧固所述砖分离元件。
12.一种同时制造各个分离的带有光滑面的砖以及连接的分离面砖的方法，所述方法包括使用模制设备，在所述模制设备中，砖分离元件安装在模具中，所述砖分离元件具有光滑表面，所述方法包括以下步骤：
a.选择其中要安装砖分离元件的模具；
b.使用紧固装置紧固所述带有光滑表面的砖分离元件；
c.将所述模制设备安装在模制机中，且砖分离元件安装在模具中。
13.一种同时制造各个分离的带有凹凸面的砖以及连接的分离面砖的方法，所述方法包括使用模制设备，在所述模制设备中，砖分离元件安装在模具中，所述砖分离元件具有凹凸表面，所述方法包括以下步骤：
a.选择其中要安装砖分离元件的模具；
b.使用紧固装置紧固所述带有凹凸表面的砖分离元件；
c.将所述模制设备安装在模制机中，且砖分离元件安装在模具中。
14.一种同时制造各个分离的带有光滑面的砖、带有凹凸面的砖以及连接的分离面砖的方法，所述方法包括使用模制设备，在所述模制设备中，砖分离元件安装在模具中，所述砖分离元件中的一些具有光滑表面，其余所述砖分离元件具有凹凸表面，所述方法包括以下步骤：
a.选择其中要安装所述带有光滑表面的砖分离元件的模具；
b.选择其中要安装所述带有凹凸表面的砖分离元件的模具；
c.使用紧固装置紧固所述带有光滑表面的砖分离元件；
d.使用紧固装置紧固所述带有凹凸表面的砖分离元件；
e.将所述模制设备安装在模制机中，且砖分离元件安装在模具中。
15.一种同时制造各个分离的带有光滑面的砖和带有凹凸面的砖的方法，所述方法包括使用模制设备，在所述模制设备中，砖分离元件安装在模具中，所述砖分离元件中的一些具有光滑表面，其余所述砖分离元件具有凹凸表面，所述方法包括以下步骤：
a.选择其中要安装所述带有光滑表面的砖分离元件的模具；
b.选择其中要安装所述带有凹凸表面的砖分离元件的模具；
c.使用紧固装置紧固所述带有光滑表面的砖分离元件；
d.使用紧固装置紧固所述带有凹凸表面的砖分离元件；
e.将所述模制设备安装在模制机中，且砖分离元件安装在模具中。
16.根据权利要求12的方法，其中在步骤a)中，选择所有模具。
17.根据权利要求13的方法，其中在步骤a)中，选择所有模具。
18.根据权利要求12的方法，其中在步骤a)中，没有模具被选择。
CNA2006800019798A 2005-01-11 2006-01-09 制造具有光滑面或凹凸面的可堆叠的内接合砖、块体、石头等的模制设备和方法 Pending CN101107407A (zh)

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