CN101076259B - 用于提高精神集中度的消费品 - Google Patents
用于提高精神集中度的消费品 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/16—Tea extraction; Tea extracts; Treating tea extract; Making instant tea
- A23F3/30—Further treatment of dried tea extract; Preparations produced thereby, e.g. instant tea
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
- A23F3/14—Tea preparations, e.g. using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/16—Tea extraction; Tea extracts; Treating tea extract; Making instant tea
- A23F3/163—Liquid or semi-liquid tea extract preparations, e.g. gels, liquid extracts in solid capsules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Tea And Coffee (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种适于人类直接消费的组合物,其包括:(A)300-3000ppm茶氨酸和(B)200-2000ppm咖啡因;并且其中茶氨酸与咖啡因的比为5:1-1:15,当其饮用时显示集中度、精神集中和/或警觉程度的明显提高。
Description
本发明涉及适于直接消费的组合物,其中含有特定量的茶氨酸和咖啡因以提供提高的精神警觉性(mental alertness)。
背景技术和现有技术
能够提高人体精神和体力的食品和饮料制品日益流行。特别地,用于提高精神敏度的产品尤其具有商业价值。
含有产生提神效果组分的饮料在几个世纪来已知。现代饮品中茶和咖啡最为有名。在这两种饮料中通常认为咖啡因产生了精神促进作用。然而现已发现,除了含有咖啡因外,茶中还含有具有提神作用的其它天然组分。
茶中含有酶、生化中间体和通常与植物生长和光合作用有关的结构组分的组合。还含有赋予茶以独特味道、涩味、香味和颜色的多种天然物质。其中许多是通过红茶制造中所谓的发酵阶段的氧化反应产生。茶的生产长期以来仅仅通过对涉及化学的基本了解的传统加工方法而生产。另外,茶叶中含有天然来源的氨基酸茶氨酸。已经发现茶氨酸对人体和大脑具有许多有益效果。
然而,目前茶氨酸仅以合成的sun-theanine的形式大量可供。这大部分是由于在茶树原料的可萃取茶固相中仅仅含有约1%的天然茶氨酸。
EP 1 393 726(Taiyo,2001)中公开了含有茶氨酸的用于提高精神集中度的组合物(例如食品或药物)。其中公开的组合物中含有0.00025-100重量%,0.005-100重量%,和0.05-100重量%的茶氨酸。
US 5,501,866(Ito En,1995)中公开了含有咖啡因和茶氨酸的组合物,其中茶氨酸与咖啡因的比例为10∶1-500∶1。
US 5,780,086(P&G,1996)中公开了含有茶氨酸和咖啡因的绿茶饮料。
US 6,268,009(P&G,1999)中公开了含有茶氨酸和咖啡因的绿茶提取物,并且公开了具有200ppm茶氨酸和992ppm咖啡因的一种萃取物。
一杯泡制红茶中含有至多约20毫克/100克茶氨酸和40毫克/100克咖啡因。这些相应于饮料的0.02和0.04重量%或200和400ppm。
本发明人已经发现特定量的咖啡因和茶氨酸产生出人意料和协同的精神效果。
发明详述
组合物
该组合物适于人类直接消费。其因此为食品或饮品。优选其为饮料,更优选其为茶基饮料。然而,还可能为其它产品形式,例如糖果、小吃、口香糖、冰激淋等。
本发明饮料还可蒸馏或充碳酸气.充碳酸气本身看起来可以产生防腐作用,因此充碳酸气的产品不必与蒸馏产品相同。部分溶解的二氧化碳可以削弱细胞壁的生长。
除了咖啡因和茶氨酸的浓度外,本发明饮料可通过常规方式配制。
术语“茶基饮料”指的是含有山茶(Camellia sinensis)、苦茶(Camellia assamica)或博士茶(Aspalathus linearis)叶固体提取物的饮料。叶子可进行所谓的“发酵”步骤,叶子在发酵步骤中被“红茶”生产的早期释放的某些内源酶氧化。氧化甚至可通过外源酶的作用补充,外源酶例如氧化酶、漆酶和过氧化物酶.叶子或者已经被部分发酵(“乌龙茶”)或基本没有发酵(“绿茶”)。茶可以以不同形式加入饮料中,所述不同形式包括萃取物、浓缩物、粉末或颗粒。
向介质中加入茶通常增加微生物酸败的危险。这可能是由于茶叶提供了微生物生长的养分。大多数微生物通常可在茶基饮料中生长,由于糖、氮源、氧、锌、镁、钾、磷酸盐和维生素而生长茂盛。因此有利的是将含糖量限定为8-10白利糖度,然而当产品为茶混合物时可使用高达60的白利糖度。含氧量可通过预先巴氏灭菌法或一些热处理或氮气吹扫而最小化。茶基饮料的矿物质含量可使用EDTA、柠檬酸盐或软水剂最小化。例如,如果镁离子浓度超过0.2ppm,微生物可在茶中生长,并且其仅仅需要痕量的锌。由于可以影响味道,必须小心使用柠檬酸盐。
在例如0.1-3%的低浓度,茶是提高微生物酸败趋势的营养物。由于已知的茶的抗菌和抗病毒性质,这是没预料到的。直到浓度超过3%时茶才开始抑制酵母和霉菌的生长。
水质可能严重破坏饮料的稳定性。在制造冷灌装的茶基饮料时这是重要的因素。为此目的通常重要的是在全部生产阶段将使用的水中的酵母含量最小化。现有技术中已知的方法包括氯化/脱氯和紫外线辐射。
由于不能穿透微生物细胞,弱酸酸化剂作为弱酸防腐剂作用很小,如果有作用的话。其浓度通常指的是相应于柠檬酸当量的可滴定酸度(克/升)。茶基饮料通常具有1-4克/升的可滴定酸度。这种饮料的pH通常为2.5-4.2。酸败酵母可在低至pH2.0时生长,而霉菌孢子通常在低至pH1.6时生长。
在例如3.0的pH,pH本身没有对酸败酵母或霉菌的抗菌效果,加入100ppm肉桂酸将会完全消灭生长。这种数量的肉桂酸在中性pH完全无效,这表明肉桂酸和低pH之间重要的协同作用。
本发明的防腐和调味体系可任选包括其它防腐剂。为此目的优选弱酸防腐剂。或者,还可考虑作为现有弱酸防腐剂的补充物在低pH使用肉桂酸。根据另一方面,常规弱酸防腐剂通过使微生物细胞酸化,即降低内部pH pHI而起作用。在溶液中,未离解的弱酸能够溶于微生物的膜中并进入细胞内部。由于电荷阻止其溶于类脂膜中,带电、离解的离子不能进入细胞。一旦进入细胞,未离解的弱酸分子到达更高pH(6.5-7.0)区域,并且立即恢复变成带电离解的离子形式。其还可释放质子H+,并因此降低内部pH。
质子的连续释放增加了H+离子浓度,并使得内部pH降低至细胞酶停止作用的水平。弱酸进入细胞的运动还从介质中除去质子,并使得外部pH升高。最终内外部pH将相同,则弱酸进入细胞的流动将会停止。
为了具有最大效果,弱酸防腐剂最好在酸性介质中作用,由此更多的未离解酸能够进入细胞,并使得细胞的内部pH在弱酸转运停止之前降得更低。
弱酸防腐剂包括山梨酸、苯甲酸、亚硫酸、乙酸、丙酸和parabenz。在低浓度时,它们对饮料pH的酸化剂作用通常很小(如果有作用的话),但它们具有大的抗菌作用。不同弱酸倾向于具有不同的pKa值,例如山梨酸具有4.76的pKa值,亚硫酸具有1.88的pKa值。这表示在4.76的pKa值时将存在50%的山梨酸和50%的山梨酸离子。在比该值更高的pH时将会存在更多的山梨酸离子和更少的未离解的酸,例如在pH为6.5时将会有2%山梨酸和98%的山梨酸盐。
在本发明防腐和调味体系中,弱酸防腐剂的选择及其浓度将取决于弱酸的pKa和最终制品的pH。当茶基饮料的pH小于3.0时,优选肉桂酸和苯甲酸的组合。然而当茶基饮料的pH小于3.4时,优选肉桂酸和山梨酸的组合。
防腐和调味体系的稳定取决于能够将饮料的pH维持在4.5以下。通常而言,可使用本领域已知的调节和保持茶基饮料pH的任意方式。
茶氨酸和咖啡因含量
本发明制品含有300-3000ppm的茶氨酸和200-2000ppm的咖啡因。另外,茶氨酸与咖啡因的比例为5∶1-1∶1.5。
我们已经发现,当这种组合物施加到个体时,能够导致集中度(concentration)、精神集中(mental focus)和/或个体警觉(alertness)的明显提高。即便是施加前精神不好和/或身体疲劳的个体中也是如此。因此,虽然组合物中任选含有其它已知能够减轻精神压力和/或身体疲劳的作用剂(例如氨基酸精氨酸),在一个优选实施方案中,该组合物基本上不含有这些作用剂。特别优选组合物中含有少于100ppm,更优选少于50ppm,更优选少于10ppm,并且最优选少于约1ppm的精氨酸。
茶氨酸与咖啡因的比例优选为4∶1-1∶1.5,更优选3∶1-1∶1。
茶氨酸的浓度可为400-2000ppm,优选600-1500ppm。咖啡因的浓度可为300-1500,优选400-1000ppm。
重要的是茶氨酸和咖啡因的相对浓度。然而同样重要的是为了实现本发明的利益而递送到消费者的茶氨酸和咖啡因的特定量。在这方面,能够经口递送给人(a)40-500毫克茶氨酸和(b)30-400毫克咖啡因,并且具有小于500克的质量的组合物是合适的。优选其递送80-400毫克茶氨酸。优选其递送60-300毫克咖啡因。
实施例
实施例1
饮料
使用与市售无糖即饮茶基饮料(LiptonTM Peach Lite Ice Tea)相同的组成配制安慰剂饮料,只不过配方中不使用茶叶固体。然后向惰性安慰剂中加入茶氨酸(suntheanineTM,其为99%L-茶氨酸并且得自Taiyo公司)和/或咖啡因(药物级),以产生三组(每250ml)含有150毫克咖啡因、250毫克茶氨酸或150毫克咖啡因和250毫克茶氨酸的试验饮料。这些量分别相应于约600ppm咖啡因、1000ppm茶氨酸或600ppm咖啡因和1000ppm茶氨酸的浓度。
认字
一组人参加认字测试。试验在四天进行,每天使用上述一种不同饮料。向每个人显示15个字,每次在电脑屏幕上一个字。约20分钟后,再次显示与15个新字随机混合的一系列字。受试者必须在键盘上选择“是”或“否”键以确认他们从第一次显示的字中认出的字。试验分别在饮用饮料之前(t=0)和饮用饮料30分钟和90分钟之后进行。相对于时间t=0,全部受试者回答所需的平均时间(Δt)列于表1。
表1
能够看出,与其单独使用相比,较高量的比例约为1.7∶1的茶氨酸和咖啡因的组合产生出人意料和协同的益处。
警觉
使用Bond-Lader情绪调查表测试警觉。调查表包括16种直观模拟等级,其以例如警觉-困倦、镇静-兴奋的反义词对中的一个定义。各个项目的评价使用公式组合,以产生三种情绪因素的评分:警觉、镇静和满足。试验在饮用饮料之前(t=0)和饮用饮料30分钟和90分钟之后进行。相对于时间t=0,全部受试者评分差异的平均值(Δs)列于表2。
表2
再次能够看出,较高量的比例约为1.7:1的茶氨酸和咖啡因的结合产生出人意料和协同的益处。
实施例2
饮料
使用与市售无糖即饮茶基饮料(LiptonTM Peach Lite Ice Tea)相同的组成配制安慰剂饮料,只不过配方中不使用茶叶固体。然后向惰性安慰剂中加入茶氨酸(suntheanineTM,其为99%L-茶氨酸并且得自Taiyo公司)和/或咖啡因(药物级),以产生三组(每250ml)含有50毫克咖啡因、50毫克茶氨酸、50毫克咖啡因和50毫克茶氨酸,250毫克咖啡因、250毫克茶氨酸或250毫克咖啡因和250毫克茶氨酸的试验饮料。这些量分别相应于约200ppm咖啡因、200ppm茶氨酸、200ppm咖啡因和200ppm茶氨酸、1000ppm咖啡因、1000ppm茶氨酸或1000ppm咖啡因和1000ppm咖啡因的浓度。
测试各个饮料对简单反应时、选择反应时和快速直观信息处理的影响。
简单反应时(SRT)
每次当asterix出现在计算机屏幕时受试者按空格键。出现的间隔是随机的。对于各个饮料,计算所有受试者在饮用饮料后48分钟和饮用饮料之前在反应时间改变(ΔSRT)的平均值.
选择反应时(CRT)
随机序列的字母(例如G或B)以红色或绿色字体显示在计算机屏幕上。受试者必须仅仅对红色B作出响应(通过按空格键)。对于各个饮料,计算所有受试者在饮用饮料后38分钟和饮用饮料之前在响应时间改变(ΔCRT)的平均值。
快速直观信息处理(RVIP)
饮用饮料43分钟后,各个受试者监视连续数字流以标记连续三个奇数或偶数。数字以每分钟100个的速率出现,并且任务持续时间为5分钟,每60秒出现8个正确的数字流。对于每种饮料,计算所有受试者指出的正确数目的平均数(RVIP)。
结果
上述三种研究的结果列于表3。
表3
*明显不同于安慰剂组。
可以看出,与安慰剂组相比,1:1的茶氨酸和咖啡因在低浓度(50毫克)和高浓度(250毫克)都产生明显的SRT改善,仅仅同时含有较高浓度(250毫克)茶氨酸和咖啡因的饮料产生全部三种指标(SRT、CRT和RVIP)的明显改善。
实施例3
饮料
根据表4中给出的配方制备安慰剂和测试饮料。两种测试饮料每款(250毫升)含有50毫克咖啡因或50毫克咖啡因和100毫克茶氨酸。
表4
组分 | 安慰剂 | 50mg咖啡因 | 50mg咖啡因+100mg茶氨酸 |
苹果酸(g/1) | 1.60 | --- | --- |
调味料(g/1) | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.40 |
阿司巴坦(g/l) | 0.22 | --- | --- |
柠檬酸三钠(g/l) | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
抗坏血酸(g/l) | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
Acesulphame-K(g/l) | 0.07 | --- | --- |
蔗糖(g/l) | --- | 58.00 | 58.00 |
麦芽糊精(g/l) | --- | 5.00 | 5.00 |
柠檬酸(g/l) | --- | 1.60 | 1.60 |
绿茶提取物(g/l) | --- | 0.95 | 0.95 |
红茶提取物(g/l) | --- | 0.45 | 0.45 |
咖啡因-药物级(g/l) | --- | 0.14 | 0.14 |
SuntheanineTM(g/l) | --- | --- | 0.40 |
水 | 平衡 | 平衡 | 平衡 |
总茶氨酸*(ppm) | 0 | 0 | 400 |
总咖啡因*(ppm) | 0 | 200 | 200 |
*包括茶萃取物的作用
测试各个饮料对认字和注意力转换的影响。
认字
向27人一次一个人显示15个字,每在电脑屏幕显示1秒钟。20分钟后,以随机顺序一次一个地显示这些原始字(老字)和15个扰乱字(新字)。对于每个字,受试者必须通过尽可能快地按指定键来指出这个字是否为老字。图像出现的时间为30秒并且识别持续的时间为1分钟。试验分别在饮用饮料之前(t=0)和饮用饮料60分钟和90分钟之后进行。相对于时间t=0,全部受试者响应正确次数的平均值(Δw)列于表5。
表5
*明显不同于安慰剂
可以看出,与安慰剂相比,仅仅同时含有茶氨酸和咖啡因的饮料显示出明显的改善。
注意力转换
27个人参加测量持续注意力和执行功能的任务。同时在显示器上向受试者显示红色或紫色的字母和数字。当出现红色的字母和数字时,受试者注意字母并且仅当字母为元音时按下空格键。当出现紫色的字母和数字时,只有当数字为偶数时按下空格键。颜色每4次交替一次。测试持续5分钟。相对于时间=0时正确响应的平均响应时间(Δt)、和相对于时间=0时正确响应的次数(Δn)列于表6和表7。
表6
*明显不同于安慰剂
表7
*明显不同于安慰剂
可以看出,与安慰剂相比,仅仅同时含有茶氨酸和咖啡因的饮料在饮用60分钟后显示出明显的改善。然而在90分钟后,仅仅含有咖啡因的饮料显示出优于安慰剂的改善,然而优势也仅限于正确响应次数方面而非反应时间方面。
Claims (15)
1.一种适于直接消费并且经由人口递送其功能益处的组合物,其包括:
(a)300-3000ppm茶氨酸;和
(b)200-2000ppm咖啡因;
并且其中茶氨酸与咖啡因的比为5∶1-1∶1.5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其为饮料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其为茶基饮料。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中茶氨酸的量为400-2000ppm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的组合物,其中茶氨酸的量为600-1500ppm。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中咖啡因的量为300-1500ppm。
7.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其中咖啡因的量为400-1000ppm。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中茶氨酸与咖啡因的比为4∶1-1∶1.5。
9.根据权利要求8所述的组合物,其中茶氨酸与咖啡因的比为3∶1-1∶1。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其能够经口向人体递送(a)40-500毫克茶氨酸,(b)30-400毫克咖啡因并且具有小于500克的质量。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任意一项的组合物在制备用于通过口服使用所述组合物提高个体集中度、精神集中和/或警觉的药剂中的用途。
12.一种饮料,其能够经口向人体递送(a)80-500毫克茶氨酸,(b)30-400毫克咖啡因并且具有小于500克的质量。
13.根据权利要求12所述的饮料,其为茶基饮料。
14.根据权利要求12或13的饮料,其能够递送80-400毫克茶氨酸。
15.根据权利要求12或13的饮料,其能够递送60-300毫克咖啡因。
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AU2005313636A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
RU2392836C2 (ru) | 2010-06-27 |
RU2007125709A (ru) | 2009-01-20 |
EP1819241B1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
PT2108270E (pt) | 2011-04-18 |
EP1819241A1 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
DE602005026878D1 (de) | 2011-04-21 |
CN101076259A (zh) | 2007-11-21 |
JP2006158398A (ja) | 2006-06-22 |
US20060159829A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
EP2108270B2 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
ES2359042T3 (es) | 2011-05-17 |
ZA200704521B (en) | 2008-08-27 |
CA2589696A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
JP4499652B2 (ja) | 2010-07-07 |
PT1819241E (pt) | 2014-07-25 |
RU2009145221A (ru) | 2011-06-20 |
RU2494654C2 (ru) | 2013-10-10 |
JP2010063471A (ja) | 2010-03-25 |
PL1819241T3 (pl) | 2014-07-31 |
EP2108270A1 (en) | 2009-10-14 |
AU2005313636B2 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
MX2007006633A (es) | 2007-06-19 |
EP2108270B1 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
ATE500753T1 (de) | 2011-03-15 |
PL2108270T5 (pl) | 2016-09-30 |
AR051704A1 (es) | 2007-01-31 |
MY144727A (en) | 2011-10-31 |
SA05260394B1 (ar) | 2009-03-11 |
WO2006061097A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
PL2108270T3 (pl) | 2011-08-31 |
BRPI0517122A (pt) | 2008-09-30 |
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