CN1010519B - 可逆的光学情报记录介质 - Google Patents

可逆的光学情报记录介质

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CN1010519B
CN1010519B CN86107003A CN86107003A CN1010519B CN 1010519 B CN1010519 B CN 1010519B CN 86107003 A CN86107003 A CN 86107003A CN 86107003 A CN86107003 A CN 86107003A CN 1010519 B CN1010519 B CN 1010519B
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CN86107003A (zh
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山田昇
木村邦夫
高尾正敏
佐内进
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP60211471A external-priority patent/JPS6273439A/ja
Priority claimed from JP60211470A external-priority patent/JPS6273438A/ja
Priority claimed from JP61053034A external-priority patent/JP2584741B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP61053033A external-priority patent/JP2592800B2/ja
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Abstract

用激光对情报进行记录、重放、抹除及改写的相变化型的可逆光学情报记录介质,是在玻璃、树脂等表面平滑的基片上涂复Ge、Te、Sb(或Bi)三元素、或将Te的一部分置换成Se的四元素记录薄膜。该介质在其结晶时有以多个Te或Se构成化学量组成的化合物为主的结晶相,且各成分间存在化学量组成的稳定化合物相,从而提高了结晶速度及延长了反复记录/抹除的寿命,提高Se粘性可易于结晶化。如Te置换量适当,可得到记录/及消除兼优的膜的组成。

Description

本发明是关于用激光束对情报进行记录、重放、抹除、重写功能的相变化型可逆光学情报记录介质。
众所周知以Te(端)为基质的某种合金薄膜,在激光光束的照射下,比较容易产生可逆相变态。特别是对于Te成分含量多时,用能量比较低的激光源照射就可以产生非结晶化现象,根据这种现象就将其应用到记录介质上。
例如S·R·Ovsinsky等,在美国专利U·S·P3,530,441中首先披露了对Te85Ge15,Te81Ge15S2Sb2等薄膜使用激光束等高密度能量光线照射,会产生可逆的相变态。另外,A·W Smith明确指出了以Te92Ge2As5为代表构成的薄膜能进行104次记录(非结晶化)及抹除(结晶化)。(Applied Physic′s Letters 18(1971)P25A)。进一步,由M·Chen等公布的以Te87Ge8Sn5为代表的薄膜如果作静态试验,可以重复106次以上。(Applied Physic′s Letters 46(1985)P734)。
一般来说,在利用非结晶-结晶之间的相变化的记录介质,重视记录速度,从结晶向非结晶化的变化过程作为记录,上述各种组成都是利用Te和添加物的共晶附近的组成,熔点都低于400℃,所以容易形成非结晶。另外,抹除是利用从非结晶向结晶化的变化过程。在上述各种组成中,其内部存在的许多自由Te链妨碍结晶化的进行。即在固化后其内部也残存无规则的链。为使其定向一致,也就是为得 到完全的结晶状态,有必要充分保持长时间的高温(Tg附近)。亦即,若存在着富Te的成分,则在原理上存在不能提高抹除速度的问题。
自由Te原子的存在,使得长期热稳定性,特别是反复记录/抹除后的热稳定性降低,同时也成为限制反复次数的原因。总之,在存储(as    depo)状态的薄膜中可以认为Te原子是均一分散在膜内的。而在记录/抹除反复期间,则分成为富Te的部分(较低融点的)及Te与添加物质之间的稳定化合物多的部分(较高融点的)。总之,分离产生记录特性变化。这种情况下,Te极高的组成使结晶化温度降低。非结晶极不稳定,结果使其热稳定性降低。可以认为这种现象主要是由于共晶附近的组成不存在稳定的化合物,内能向稳定状态迁移,而产生的结果。由于结晶化产生的Te和添加物之间的化合物的特性,主要是其融点与Te极为不同的情况下晶相分离(phase    Segrogation)更迅速地进行,分离后的晶相(phase)再返回均一状态是困难的。其结果,无论记录还是抹除都不能进行。作为解决这个问题的手段,提高激光功率,以使其长时间保持在两者融点以上的温度,在充分混合均匀后,再速冷(queuch)是必要的;Te的过剩使提高记录灵敏度失去意义。而且实际上在动态系统上是不可能的。也就是只要Te过剩,就不能充分满足读写速度、热稳定性及反复特性的要求。
本发明的目的是提供一种不降低记录灵敏度而使抹除速度提高的可逆光学情报记录介质。另外,本发明还有一个目的是提供一种记录/抹除反复寿命长的可逆光学情报记录介质。本发明的进一步的目的是提供一种反复记录操作后,热稳定性无变化的,高可靠性的可逆光 学情报记录介质。
附图说明
图1为表示本发明的可逆光学情报记录介质实施例构成的断面图。图2为表示适用于本发明的可逆光学情报记录介质记录膜的主要组成及组成的允许量的组成图。图3为具有主要组成的记录膜的相变温度图。图4为表示具有相同主要组成的记录膜非结晶灵敏度的图表。图5为表示具有相同主要组成的记录膜结晶化速度的图表。图6表示在主要组成中添加Se时的非结晶化灵敏度及结晶化速度的变化图表。
本发明的光学情报记录介质是由如图1a~c所示在PMMA、聚碳酸脂等树脂、铝、铜等金属、玻璃等表面平滑的基片1上形成的SiO2,Al2O3,ZnS 2、3把记录层4夹心而构成。尽管电介质对本发明来说并非必要,但对减少因激光反复照射而引起的树脂材料的热损伤或记录层本身的变形、蒸发是有效的;而且使贴上保护板成为可能。
本发明是以记录层的特征为根据的。记录层是由如Te,Ge,Sb/或Bi三元素,或把Te的一部分置换为Se的四元素所构成的。其主要组如图2(a)中粗线所示的那样,位于Ge50Te50组成点和Sb2Te3/或Bi2Te3组成点的连线上。即在本发明中其主要组成可用下列公式表示:
X·Ge50(Te,Se)50+(1-X)·Sb40(Te,Se)60/或(1-X)Bi40(Te Se)60(0.05≤X≤0.8)
这里Se的含量与X值无关,将所有的30ut%为最大值,并在其下。各组份,如图2(b)所示,允许有某种宽度扩展。
下面将阐述本发明的记录介质中的记录层构成的基本构思,具 体构成元素及确定其浓度的依据。
首先,在Te系的相变型记录膜方面,Te同其添加物形成的化合物有过剩时,成为限制抹除速度(结晶化速度)及热稳定性(Cyclability)的原因,前面已经阐述过。因此,想办法控制添加物质的浓度以使Te不过剩。
但是,只加一种元素,Te合金如:CdTe,SnTe,PbTe,ZnTe,Sb2Te3,GeTe等存在如下问题:1)融点过高,在激光短脉冲下,不易熔融;2)结晶化温度过低,得不到稳定的非结晶;3)结晶速度过高,不易得到非结晶化所需的充分必要的速冷条件。根据上述理由,对于记录层是不适宜的。其中,GeTe稳定的非结晶相熔点为725℃。与其它组份相比,虽具有比较低的熔点,但考虑现在实用半导体激光目的输出功率(高于25MW),对于非结晶化(记录)无论如何也是困难的。
因此,尝试采用多种添加物质的方法。即尝试一种用多种元素的Te合金的固熔体来降低融点。同时稳定非结晶相的方法。形成固熔体,不但其熔点低,而且在反复记录/抹除时不易引起相分离;同时结晶化也十分迅速。(当然也不能过快)。
在本发明中,例如将作为添加物的Ge及Sb/或Bi二者并用,则可以获得较低的融点、稳定的非结晶相及高结晶化速度。
在进行结晶化时,由于Te全部被GeTe及Sb2Te3/或Bi2Te3(作为化学计量的)化合物所固定,所以同Te过剩状态相比,结晶化速度提高了。不过应该强调的是在该组成中突出的、极为重要的特点如下:
首先,第一点,GeTe和Sb2Te3/或Bi2Te3之间有多种 化学计量的化合物,即GeSb4Te7/或GeBi4Te7(GeTe+2Sb2Te3/或2Bi2Te3),GeSi2Te4/或GeSb2Te4(GeTe+Sb2Te3/或BiTe3),Ge2Sb2Te5/或Ge2Bi2Te5(2GeTe+Sb2Te3/或BiTe3)这样就存在两端的相之间的晶相。化学计量的相结晶状态内部能量低,因为非结晶化与能量单位差大,故可以得到非常快的结晶速度;第二点,上述各化合物的相具有非常相似的结晶结构及各种非常相近的特性。这样就有如下的效果,即将典型膜组成作为整体同上述化学计量的化合物晶相之一相比不一致,作为整体可以认为是上述三种相之间的混合物,整体的特性肯定属于宽组成范围。总之,即使因反复记录/抹除而引起晶相分离,处于两端的组成晶相也没有完全分离,而得到膜特性几乎不变化的优点;第三点,上述各晶相的融点低且相近。GeTe-Sb2Te3系列的融点为600℃左右,GeTe-Bi2Te3系列的融点为570℃左右。比起GeTe单体的725℃融点来说低100℃以上。因此用激光光束可比较容易进行熔融。另外,由于上述各相熔点相近,具有不易产生第二点所指出的相分离的优点;第四点,在结晶化过程中发现,在GeTe-Sb2Te3/或Bi2Te3的系列里,其稳定的结晶形是六方晶体。激光照射结晶化时,最初是Ge,Te,Sb或Ge,Te,Bi三种元素形成单一的Nacl型的立方晶相。(加Se时相同。)为使结晶化圆满地进行,应该只得到正方形的结晶体(即与液相,非结晶相的原子结构相似)。即缩短原子的扩散距离及缩短结晶化必要的退火时间;第五点,GeTe-Sb2Te3/或Bi2Te3的组成范围宽,为了非结晶相的稳定,可以得到十分高的结晶化温度。由图3(a)、(b)可知,因Sb2Te3/或Bi2Te3 的单体晶相非常接近,则可得到很高的结晶化温度。
本发明具有上述一~五个重要特征,添加Se则可进一步得到如下的优点。
Se与Te,Ge,Sb/或Bi的浓度可保持平衡。添加的Se仅与Te置换。Se的添加效果:(一)提高组成的粘性。添加的Se在结晶时形成GeSe,GeSe2,Sb2Se3/或Bi2Se3的Se化物,这些物质和同种元素的Te化物比较具有较高结合能量,即使在液相时也不能完全断开,所以,其融液的粘度高,易于形成非结晶化。总之,为形成非结晶的急冷条件,可以稍微放宽点。
这里重要的是,其特性并不因添加Se而变成不连续变化。即其组成的结晶化速度与粘性成反比而变慢,根据Se的浓度,这种变化是连续的,而且该变化也是可以控制的。因此,在系统设计上,在有必要以高速进行记录、抹除时,应降低Se浓度,并采用偏重结晶化速度的组成;另外,有必要以低速来进行记录抹除时,应提高Se的浓度,采用偏重非结晶形成条件的组成。这些组成上的微小对应是可行的。实际中,Se的浓度最大不应超过30at%,若超出该最大值则结晶化速度就不够了。添加Se的效果的第二点:提高组分的结晶化温度,特别是在含GeTe成分的贫的组成里是有效果的,提高非结晶相(记录过的信号)的稳定性。添加Se后其融点不变。可以认为这是因为Te化物与Se化物融点相近。重要的一点是,添加Se后,记录灵敏度不变。
综上所述,以Te,Ge,Sb/或Bi的三种元素组成或以Se来置换部分Te的四种元素组成,以作为换写光盘的记录介质,其优越性已经明确了。
以下说明本发明的制造方法。本发明的记录介质可以采用真空蒸涂发,溅散涂敷法等方法制成。对于溅散涂敷法,可以采用根据所要求的组成推算出的合金靶;也可以采用对应于各种组成比的面积的复合镶嵌靶。关于真空蒸发法,须准备多源,采用共蒸涂敷法来控制组成较为便利。这种情况下,可以准备4个电子枪及其电源,4个膜厚度传感器(例如水晶振动子)。重要的是要完全独立地控制源的蒸法速率;在蒸发时,真空度在10-4~10-7ton即可。
下面将详细地介绍本发明的实施例。
(实施例1)
根据上述真空蒸发法,准备各种组成的Te,Ge,Sb/或Bi三种元素类记录膜的样片,以研究它们的特性。样片为厚度0.3mm,φ8mm的玻璃圆片,记录层的膜厚约为1000
特性的评价
Ⅰ相变温度Tx
Ⅱ非结晶化开始所需要的激光功率Pa从3点进行。
Ⅲ结晶化开始所需要的激光照射时间τx。
Tx定义为:存储状态的样片顺序加热升温的情况下,其透射率开始变化的温度。升温以1℃/Sec的速度进行;在其过程中透射率的变化用He-Ne激光监测器检测出变化点。以此来评价非结晶相的稳定性。Pa为非结晶化开始时,照射入结晶状态的记录膜面所必要的激光功率测定值。这种情况下,预先以2mw的激光对各样片进行30us的照射,使其充分预结晶化,然后以脉宽0.2us的激光脉冲照射,改变照射功率,测定开始非结晶化的激光功率,并以此评价非结晶化灵敏度(记录灵敏度)。
τx是把激光二极管的光束用透镜在存储状态的记录膜上照射1μm直径的斑点时,开始结晶化所必要的照射时间。这时,对该结晶化过程作二个假设,从两个观点对τx进行评价,一是假设以固相状态的结晶化过程;照射功率为2mw的较弱的激光功率照射时,开始结晶化所必要的激光照射时间为τx1;二是以上述的Pa为照射功率,从熔融状态到冷却时,所引起的结晶化所必要的照射时间为τx2。τx1包括结晶化开始所必要的能量与结晶化进行速度两个方面,其值与Tx密切相关。τx2评价结晶化进行速度。此时,与非结晶化时用同等的激光功率是必要的。
图3表示在Ge-Te-Sb/或Bi的三角图形上,可对于在GeTe的组成点与Sb2Te3/或Bi2Te3的组成点连线上的组成研究Tx的结果。
它表示,GeTe-Sb2Te3类,GeTe-Bi2Te3类的相变温度在GeTe 3~5%以上的情况下,比室温高100℃以上,且非结晶相是稳定的。
图4表示相同组成的非结晶化灵敏度Pa。非结晶化灵敏度随GeTe的比例增加而有增加的趋势。当GeTe比例在80~90%时,灵敏度明显增加。即若GeTe比例在80%以下,可获得高记录灵敏度。
图5表示组成相同时,结晶化开始所必要的照射时间τx1,τx2。τx1随GeTe的比例增加而有增加的趋势;τx2随GeTe的比例减少而有增加的倾向;而当GeTe低于30%时,这种趋势就不存在了。τx1和τx2曲线在GeTe浓度为30~40male%的附近相交,固相消失;GeTe的组成比在40%以上合适。
下面说明在上述连线上的组成中,加Se以置换一部分Te的实施例。
(实施例2)
选Ge20Te56Sb24作为实施例1的代表组成,准备了以Te56-XSexGe20Sb24的形式来加Se置换一部分Te的样片。并进行与实施例1同样的测定,得到如下结果。
首先确认Tx随Se的浓度增加而单调增加。
图6表示对应Se的浓度,非结晶化灵敏度Pa以及结晶化时间τx1,τx2的变化。根据此图,Pa因Se添加而减少;大约在10at%时饱和;τx1,τx2随Se的浓度增大而连续单调地增大。τx1在Se的浓度超过20at%时极剧增大;另外τx2在Se浓度到大约15at%时单调增加;Se的浓度超出该值之上则τx不存在。(即结晶化困难)。
因此,用Se置换Te可以使记录灵敏度、抹除速度连续变化;对照系统说明书可以较容易地进行膜特性的微调。此时,Se的添加浓度高达30at%;在该值之上时,结晶化速度极剧降低。而且,为了从液相结晶化,Se的浓度最高为15at%;进一步而言,考虑记录灵敏度时,Se的浓度在5~15at%时最为适宜。
对改变Te-Ge-Sb的组成进行同样的实验,与添加Se的效果相同。Te-Ge-Bi的组成也有相同效果。
(实施例3)
从上述连线上,对于不同的组成与实施例1相同的实验。对于该连线上的组成,固定Ge的浓度,使Sb/或Bi的组成在±15at%的范围内变化。其结果,对于Tx,Pa与该连线上的组成没有太大的 差别;τx则有某些偏差,显示稍大的值。
(实施例4)
对实例1、2、3的各组成点光盘化,研究其反复记录、抹除的特性。光盘为φ130mm,厚1.2mm的PMMA树脂基片,该光盘上备有光导轨;Zns,记录层、Zns按顺序压层,其表面贴有紫外线硬化树脂保护层。各层的厚度,从下至上约为800 ,1000
Figure 86107003_IMG3
,1600 ,设计上是为提高记录层的光吸收效果。激光光线从基片侧射入。动态光栅有作为记录用的φ0.9μm的圆形激光点,也有作为抹除用的1×8μm的椭圆形激光点。三种光点,在一个光学头中连续配置。研究以5m/S的周速反复记录、抹除的寿命。分别选择与光特性相适应的记录和抹除功率,用2MHz的单一频率模式进行记录。其寿命界限可定义为由初始时的S/N减少3dB的次数,由此可得到如下四个结论:
Ⅰ连线上的组成,初始C/N为50dB以上,反复次数为106,存在宽的功率条件。
Ⅱ若与连线上的组成有较大的偏离,会产生大约102次噪声。
Ⅲ组成的偏差容许范围如图2的A1,B1,C1,D1所示,固定Ge的浓度时,在向富Se侧偏+10at%,向贫Sb侧偏-10at%的范围内,存在可能的功率条件为反复104次。同样,在+7at%至-5at%的范围A2,B2,C2,D2内存在可能的功率条件为反复105次。另外,在+5at%至-3at%的A3,B3,C3,D3范围内与连线上的组成相比较虽然狭窄,但存在可能功率条件为反复106次。特别是在A4,B4,C4,D4的范围内,用较低的功率就能反复记录/抹除。
各点的组成见第一表。
表1组成点座标分别为(Te,Ge,Sb/或Bi)
ⅣSe的浓度与Cyclability无明显的关系。
(实施例5)
采用实施例4的方法,将Te58Ge12Sb30的三种元素膜及Te48Ge12Sb30Se10的四种元素的光盘作为典型的组成研究其Cyclability。
对于前者,以记录功率8mW及抹除功率8mW反复记录/抹除;初始C/N为53dB,反复10万次后,其C/N为51dB。
对于后者,以记录功率7mW及抹除功率10mW反复记录/抹除;初始C/N为54dB,反复10万次后,其C/N为52dB。
对于上述组成,将Sb置换为Bi后,作同样试验。采用Te58Ge12Bi30的三种元素的光盘,其记录功率为7mW,抹除功率为7mW;其初始C/N为50dB,反复10万次后,其C/N为48dB。或者采用Te48Ge12Sb30Se10的四种元素的光盘,其记录功率为6mW,抹除功率为9mW;其初始C/N为52dB,反复10万次后,其C/N为50dB。
(实施例6)
对实施例5的光盘进行环境试验。即对各光盘的反复10万次记 录/抹除轨迹及相邻轨迹信号记录其C/N的测定值。将其放置于80℃且80%RH的恒温、恒温槽中;2个月后,将其拿出并测定各轨迹的C/N,结果轨迹的C/N仅变化-0.5~1.5dB,即小到可以忽略不计。此外,用金属显微镜进行观察,该光盘上没有发现明显的锈斑和破损。
综上所述,本发明提供高灵敏度的、具有耐热及耐湿优点的、反复记录/抹除寿命长的光学情报记录介质。

Claims (15)

1、包括基材和其上形成的Te、Ge、Sb或Te、Ge、Bi3元,或者在此任一体系中加入Se而形成的4元体系记录薄膜层的可重写记录介质,其特征在于记录膜的组成在表示(Te+Se)、Ge、Sb/或Bi各构成原子数比的各自的三角相图中,在Al、Bl、Cl、Dl各组成点围成的区域内,各点的座标如下:
Al(Te+Se38,Ge59,Sb/或Bi3),
Bl(Te+Se50,Ge2,5b/或Bi48),
Cl(Te+Se70,Ge2,Sb/或Bi28),
Dl(Te+Se63,Ge34,Sb/或Bi3),
通过分别选定激光照射条件下,可在非晶态和晶态之间发生可逆性相变化。
2、权利要求1的记录介质,其中记录膜的组成在表示(Te+Se)、Ge、Sb/或Bi各构成原子数比的各三角相图中,在A2、B2、C2、D2组成点围成的区域内,各组成点的座标如下:
A2(Te+Se42,Ge55,Sb/或Bi3),
B2(Te+Se53,Ge2,Sb/或Bi45),
C2(Te+Se64.5,Ge2,Sb/或Bi33.5),
D2(Te+Se57,Ge40,Sb/或Bi3)。
3、权利要求1的记录介质,其中记录膜组成在表示(Te+Se)、Ge、Sb或Bi各构成原子数比的各三角相图中,在A3,B3、C3、D3组成点围成的区域内,各组成点的座标如下:
A3(Te+Se44.5,Ge52.5,Sb/或Bi3),
B3(Te+Se55,Ge2,Sb/或Bi43),
C3(Te+Se63,Ge2,Sb/或Bi35),
D3(TeSd54,Ge43,Sb/或Bi3)。
4、权利要求1的记录介质,其中记录膜组成在表示(Te+Se)、Ge、Sb/或Si各构成原子数比的各三角相图中,在A4、B4、C4、D4组成点围成的区域内。各组成点的座标如下:
A4(Te+Se46.5,Ge41.5,Sb/或Bi12),
B4(Te+Se54,Ge6.5,Sb/或Bi39.5),
C4(Te+Se62,Ge4,Sb/或Bi34),
D4(TetSe55,Ge39,Sb/或Bi6)。
5、权利要求1的记录介质,记录膜的组成由下式表示
(Te+Se)60-10xGe50x(Sb/或Bi)40-40x
(0.05≤x≤0.8)
6、权利要求1的记录介质,其中记录膜组成在表示(Te+Se)、Ge、Sb各构成原子比的三角相图中,且在连结表示为Ge2,Sb2(Te+Se)5的组成点和表示为GeSb4(Te+Se)7的组成点的线上。
7、权利要求1的记录介质,其中记录膜组成在表示(Te+Se)、Ge、Sb各构成原子数比的三角相图中,且在连结表示Ge3Bi2(Te+Se)6的组成点和表示GeBi4(Te+Se)7的组成点的线上。
8、权利要求1~7中任一项的记录介质,其中Se的浓度占全部的0~30at%。
9、权利要求8的记录介质,其中Se的浓度占全部的5~15at%。
10、权利要求1的记录介质,其中记录膜由Te、Ge、Sb三元构成,其组成在表示各构成原子数比的三角相图中,且处于连结表示化学计量3元化合物Ge2Sb2Te5的组成点和表示同样为化学计量3元化合物GeSb4Te7的组成点的线上。
11、权利要求1的记录介质,其中记录膜由Te、Ge、Bi三元构成,其组成在表示各构成原子数比的三角相图中,且在连结表示化学计量3元化合物Ge3Bi2Te6的组成点和表示同样为化学计量3元化合物GeBi4Te7的组成点的线上。
12、权利要求1或10的记录介质,其中记录膜组成为化学计量三元化合物组成Ge2Sb2Te5、GeSb2Te4、GeSb4Te7中任一个。
13、权利要求1或11的记录介质,其中记录膜组成为化学计量3元化合物组成Ge3Bi2Te6、GeBi2Te4、GeBi4Te7中任意一个。
14、权利要求12的记录介质,其中记录膜组成为化学计量3元化合物Ge2Sb2Te5、GeSb2Te4、GeSb4Te7中Te的一部分被Se置换的4元体系,即Ge2Sb2Te5-xSex、GeSb2Te4-ySey、GeSb4Te7-zSez(0<x<5,0<y<4,0<z<7)中的任一个。
15、权利要求1~5中任意一项的记录介质,其中记录膜组成是化学计量3元化合物Ge3Bi2Te6、GeBi2Te4、GeBi4Te7中Te的一部分被Se置换的4元体系,即Ge3Bi2Te6-xSex、GeBi2Te4-ySey、GeBi4Te7-zSez(0<x<6,0<y<4,0<z<7)中的任意一个。
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USRE42222E1 (en) 2011-03-15
DE3689886D1 (de) 1994-07-07
EP0355865B1 (en) 1994-06-01
EP0355865A3 (en) 1990-03-28
CN86107003A (zh) 1987-08-19
DE3689815T2 (de) 1994-11-17
US6268107B1 (en) 2001-07-31
EP0217293A1 (en) 1987-04-08
EP0355865A2 (en) 1990-02-28
DE3689886T2 (de) 1995-01-19
EP0217293B1 (en) 1994-04-27
US20010019810A1 (en) 2001-09-06
US5278011A (en) 1994-01-11
KR870003475A (ko) 1987-04-17
DE3689815D1 (de) 1994-06-01

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