CN100548634C - 给固体装备表面层和粘膜的方法及按该方法制成的固体 - Google Patents

给固体装备表面层和粘膜的方法及按该方法制成的固体 Download PDF

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CN100548634C
CN100548634C CNB02805797XA CN02805797A CN100548634C CN 100548634 C CN100548634 C CN 100548634C CN B02805797X A CNB02805797X A CN B02805797XA CN 02805797 A CN02805797 A CN 02805797A CN 100548634 C CN100548634 C CN 100548634C
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E·埃泽尔
H·维德尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及给一固体(1)装备一表面层(3)和一在该表面层上的粘膜(4)的方法，其中先将表面层(3)安装在固体(1)上。为了产生高质量的长久连接，安装在该固体(1)上的表面层(3)的外表面(6)的表面能至少在一个规定设置该粘膜(4)的区域(5)里被如此提高，即在表面层(3)外表面(6)上的分子结构在上述区域(5)内暂时断裂，随后，粘膜(4)被粘到表面层(3)外表面(6)上，其中所述分子结构本身位于断裂状态下。此外，本发明涉及借助该方法而装备有一表面层和一粘膜的固体，其中该固体是一指示仪表的盖板并且该表面层是一耐划痕涂层。

Description

给固体装备表面层和粘膜的方法及按该方法制成的固体
技术领域
本发明涉及给固体装备一表面层和一在该表面上的粘膜的方法，其中，该表面层首先被安装到固体上。此外，本发明涉及借助这样的方法而装备有表面层和粘膜的固体。
背景技术
直接给如塑料固体装备具有胶边或相应特性的粘膜的方法是已知的。此外，研究出了将粘膜如热压印膜安装到汽车指示仪表的盖板上的变型方法。粘膜通常安置在盖板的一个边缘区里并且覆盖住如盖板与指示仪表的壳体框架相连的连接区。通常，指示仪表是如此构成的，即盖板被安装在框架里并且它借助可焊接的槽榫接头被固定在框架上。在这里，榫头由一个在盖板边缘区里延伸的并且略微垂直地突出在板面上的接片构成，该接片在壳体框架上的一道对应槽中延伸。通过例如超声波焊或振荡焊，盖板和框架在槽-榫接头区域里相互连接。由此形成的接缝一般在驾驶员的视线范围内，因而，上述粘膜被安装到盖板的上表面之上，以便盖住槽-榫接头。为此，该膜通常是不透明的。
还知道了，指示仪表的盖板装备有一个耐划痕的玻璃状覆层，以保护盖板不会受到外界影响且尤其是机械损伤。此外，粘膜一般没有附着在常用的涂覆材料上，因为该覆层的化学性质是惰性的。
因此，曾有人想到，先将粘膜加到盖板上并随后用耐划痕的覆层覆盖整个表面。但是，在这种情况下还是出现了可看到的覆层层厚的无规律性，这导致特别是在汽车中因交通安全原因而不能容忍的指示仪表的可读性变差。主要是在阳光照射时，可能出现使可读性变差的反射。
其它解决方案提议在于，或是用漆代替粘膜，或是在安装在盖板上的玻璃状覆层上涂覆增附剂并马上粘上粘膜。但是，为了避免从外观上改变盖板(和进而使仪表可读性变差)，应该只在要覆盖区域里涂覆增附剂。后述的方法很费事并且因而尤其是完全不适用于批量生产，例如在汽车指示仪表中要求的批量生产。
发明内容
本发明的任务是，提供一种成本低廉的、适用于批量生产的且用于将一表面层和一粘膜安装在一固体上的方法，其中，该表面层没有受到损伤。另外，提供了一种用于指示仪表的盖板，它是如此构成的，即所述盖板耐划痕并且看到不焊缝。
根据本发明，如此完成该任务，即安装在该固体上的表面层的外表面的表面能至少在一个规定设置该粘膜的区域里被如此提高，即在该表面层外表面上的分子结构在上述区域内暂时断裂，随后，该粘膜被粘到该表面层的外表面上，其中所述分子结构本身位于断裂状态下。通过提高用于加装粘膜的表面层外表面的表面能，通过反应来改变层，从而粘膜长久地附着于其上。不需要增附剂或其它添加剂。此外，固体的机械性能且尤其是外观性能没有改变。本发明的方法有利地具有较低成本并且在批量生产时导致很低的出错率。它非常适用于对其表面性能有很高要求的固体。要做的只是，如上所述地提高在这样的区域里的表面能，即在该区域里安装粘膜。但由于只是暂时断开分子结构，所以也可以预处理整个表面层，而不会损伤表面层或固体。此外，可以很均匀地形成表面层，粘膜外表面始终不受本发明方法的影响，因此，该粘膜外表面例如也可以是暗淡无光的。
为了提高所述表面能，可以想到使用各种不同的且尤其是高能的方法。如果为提高表面能而对被安装在固体上的表面层的外表面施加等离子，这被事实证明是非常有利的。等离子可以是电离气体云团。如果使等离子接触到表面层，则在表面层外表面上的分子结构也暂时被改变，这样一来，直接完成表面能的提高。在表面层的这个状态下，加上粘膜，由此得到长久的连接。
施加等离子例如是以低压等离子处理的方式进行的。不过，为此所需的真空处理室比较麻烦。如果根据本发明的另一个有利改进方案，所述等离子是在大气压下产生的，则这就简单多了。这样一来，尤其是可以将这种方法用于批量生产。
根据本发明的另一个有利改进方案，为了提高所述表面能，对被安装在固体上的表面层的外表面施加短波高能紫外线。同样有利的是，为了提高所述表面能，按照电晕法对被安装在固体上的表面层的外表面进行处理。上述的照射(紫外线照射)或所谓的气体放电法(电晕法)最好在应已设有相应的机器和设备并且它们适用于本发明方法的情况下使用。
通过本发明的方法，可以在有限的时间里激活表面层，在这段时间里，可以进行粘膜的安装。事实证明，约为30分钟的时间段是有利且实用的。
通过一个借助上述方法而装备有一表面层和一粘膜的固体来完成上述任务，其中该固体是一个指示仪表的一块盖板并且该表面层是一个耐划痕涂层。这样一来，即便在装上粘膜后，仍然保证了盖板具有很高的外观质量。另外，尽可能地保护盖板不受机械损伤，例如划伤。因此，按照本发明方法制成的盖板非常适用于其可读性与安全有关的指示仪表，这尤其针对的是汽车的指示仪表。
如果该粘膜根据本发明的另一个改进方案是一热压印膜，则有利地获得了质量非常高的长久粘接。
为了获得与表面层的非常长久的连接，该粘膜作为附着层地具有一熔融胶。该熔融胶最好是聚酰胺熔融胶。因此，尤其是在使用热压印膜时，获得了可承受很大负荷的粘接。聚酰胺熔融胶可以过加热到热粘合温度而熔化并由此起到胶的作用。
根据本发明的另一个有利改进方案，该粘膜设置在该盖板的一环绕边缘区域里，这样一来，它可以不改变盖板外观性能地盖住一外部区域。该粘膜最好盖住一个使该盖板与所述指示仪表的一壳体构件相连的连接区，这样，指示仪表具有不防碍可读性的清晰的形状。
但也可以想象到的是，根据本发明的另一个有利改进方案，该粘膜构成该指示仪表的一道指示的图形元素。这样一来，该板可以成本低廉且简单地获得过去例如要为之配备一个刻度盘的部分。
可想象到的是，作为盖板材料，可以使用玻璃或任何基本上透明的塑料。但是，如果根据本发明的另一个有利改进方案，该盖板主要由PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)构成，则能够同时获得很高的盖板透明性和机械稳定性及简单的可制造性。
尤其是在汽车的情况下，根据本发明的另一个改进方案，该表面层是一个减反射层和/或一个抗沉积层是很有利的，因此，即便在光照环境和/或温度和空气湿度环境不利的情况下，也可以看清楚指示仪表。
如果表面层是在聚硅氧烷的基础上构成的，则盖板表面层耐划痕并且可以同时非常好地用在本发明的方法中。
附图说明
本发明可以以截然不同的形式实现。以下，结合一个附图所示的实施例来详细说明本发明。所述附图示意示出了：
图1以截面侧视图示出了本发明的盖板；
图2以前视图示出了如图1所示的盖板。
具体实施方式
在图1中，以截面侧视图示出了一个在此未详细示出的汽车组合指示仪表的一块盖板1的边缘区。盖板1具有长长的、大致呈椭圆形的形状(见图2)，这对应于组合指示仪表的壳体框架的形状。在它的与乘客视线方向B相反的背面上，盖板1有一个大致垂直突出的且环绕的接片2，它被安装在壳体框架的一道对应槽里并与之连接如焊接。在盖板1的整个正面上，涂有一个耐划痕的玻璃状表面层3。表面层3以一个边缘区10环绕盖板1的正面，以保证完全盖住盖板1。因此，盖板1受到保护而不受外界影响，尤其是不会被划伤，因此，它的表面总是清澈透明的并且该指示仪表在汽车的整个使用寿命期限内都能让人看清楚。
一个具有盖接片2的并用于将盖板1安装在壳体框架上的连接区7被一热压印膜4覆盖住，该热压印膜环绕地安置在表面层3的边缘区5里。热压印膜4被粘在表面层3的外表面6上。
在粘上热压印膜4之前，在由一锯齿线表示的边缘5里对耐划表面层3的外表面6施加大气压等离子，以便提高其表面能。该锯齿线可以表示具有因提高表面能而断裂的分子结构的表面层3状态，这种分子结构在施加上热压印膜4后还存在，该把脉内层3的分子结构随后又返回其初始状态。因此，对表面层的能量处理没有造成保持不变的外观变化，因为表面能又率减了。表面层3边缘区5与表面层3其余区域的区别不复存在。
在这样一个重回的初始状态下，表面层3显示出在一个区域11里具有一层呈图形元素8形式的热压印膜。如图2所示，图形元素8是一个在此未进一步详细示出的模拟指示仪表如油箱表的刻度的组成部分。另外，在盖板1的中心区域里，或许安装上述方法地施加上另一个作为热压印膜的且呈警告区形式的图形元素9。此外，图2示出了盖板1与覆盖壳体框架的热压印膜4的连接区以及一条剖面线I-I，它表示图1所示截面的位置。

Claims (15)

1.一种给固体(1)装备表面层(3)和在该表面层上的粘膜(4)的方法，其中，先将该表面层(3)安装在团体(1)上，其特征在于，安装在该固体(1)上的表面层(3)的外表面(6)的表面能至少在一个规定设置该粘膜(4)的区域(5)里被如此提高，即在该表面层(3)外表面(6)上的分子结构在上述区域(5)内暂时断裂，随后，该粘膜(4)被粘到该表面层(3)的外表面(6)上，其中所述分子结构本身位于断裂状态下。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，为了提高所述表面能，对被安装在固体(1)上的表面层(3)的外表面(6)施加等离子。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述等离子是在大气压下产生的。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，为了提高所述表面能，对被安装在固体(1)上的表面层(3)的外表面(6)施加短波高能紫外线。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，为了提高所述表面能，按照电晕法对被安装在固体(1)上的表面层(3)的外表面(6)进行处理。
6.借助如先前权利要求之一所述的方法而装备有表面层(3)和粘膜(4)的固体(1)，其特征在于，该固体(1)是一个指示仪表的一块盖板并且该表面层是一个耐划痕涂层。
7.如权利要求6所述的固体，其特征在于，该粘膜(4)是热压印膜。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的固体，其特征在于，该粘膜(4)作为附着层地具有熔融胶。
9.如权利要求8所述的固体，其特征在于，该熔融胶是聚酰胺熔融胶。
10、如权利要求6或7所述的固体，其特征在于，该粘膜(4)设置在该盖板(1)的一环绕边缘区域(5)里。
11、如权利要求10所述的固体，其特征在于，该粘膜(4)盖住一个使该盖板(1)与所述指示仪表的一壳体构件相连的连接区(7)。
12、如权利要求6或7所述的固体，其特征在于，该粘膜构成该指示仪表的一道指示的图形元素(8，9)。
13、如权利要求6或7所述的固体，其特征在于，该盖板主要由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯构成。
14、如权利要求6或7所述的固体，其特征在于，该表面层(3)是一个减反射层和/或一个抗沉积层。
15、如权利要求6或7所述的固体，其特征在于，该表面层(3)是在聚硅氧烷的基础上构成的。
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