CN111372774A - 具优异强度和光学质量且带嵌体遮蔽物的夹层玻璃 - Google Patents

具优异强度和光学质量且带嵌体遮蔽物的夹层玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111372774A
CN111372774A CN201880072438.7A CN201880072438A CN111372774A CN 111372774 A CN111372774 A CN 111372774A CN 201880072438 A CN201880072438 A CN 201880072438A CN 111372774 A CN111372774 A CN 111372774A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
glass
camera
laminated glass
black
layer
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Pending
Application number
CN201880072438.7A
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English (en)
Inventor
马里奥·阿图罗·曼海姆·阿斯塔特
查尔斯·斯蒂芬·弗尔策尔
劳拉·格拉纳多斯·卡罗
梅林·罗哈斯·瓦莱
安德烈斯·费尔南多·萨缅托·桑托斯
埃琳娜·K·门多萨·卡兰萨
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AGP America SA
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AGP America SA
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Publication of CN111372774A publication Critical patent/CN111372774A/zh
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Abstract

在现代汽车领域中，基于摄像头的安全系统的使用正在快速增长。与此同时，安装有许多摄像头的挡风玻璃也变得越来越大，形状也越来越复杂。随着汽车工业向完全自主的方向发展，所需的摄像头数量在增长，摄像头的分辨率也在提高。但是，挡风玻璃的光学质量并不理想。其中一个问题是，在加热和弯曲之前，印刷在玻璃上的典型黑色搪瓷熔块会隐藏或遮盖摄像头硬件。由吸热黑搪瓷熔块引起的弯曲过程中的突然热梯度导致的结果是摄像头视野区域的高度失真/变形。本发明旨在提供一种带有一个遮蔽区域的汽车夹层玻璃，遮蔽物区域由在加热和弯曲后，通过移开摄像头视野区域(摄像头遮蔽物)内或附近或/和挡风玻璃边缘(黑带)的塑料中间层玻璃的一部分移开，并用在摄像头视野区域(摄像头遮蔽物)内或附近或/和挡风玻璃边缘(黑带)或其附近的一个基本不透明塑料或其他合适玻璃制成的一个嵌体来代替，而不是在玻璃上印刷和烧结一个搪瓷熔块。这使得夹层玻璃比黑色搪瓷熔块遮蔽物夹层玻璃具有更好的光学质量、更高的强度和更低的破损可能性。

Description

具优异强度和光学质量且带嵌体遮蔽物的夹层玻璃
发明领域
当前公布的发明涉及一种带摄像头遮蔽物的夹层汽车玻璃及其制造方法，这种玻璃强度高并可带来具优异光学质量的视野。
发明背景
黑搪瓷熔块遮蔽物通常印刷在夹层和钢化汽车安全玻璃上。此类遮蔽物具有多种功能和审美要求。遮蔽物必须是不透明的。这是为了防止从车外看到将玻璃安装到车辆上的粘合剂，并保护粘合剂免受紫外线的有害影响。对于安装在玻璃内表面的部件，遮蔽物也起到同样的作用。在加热和涂层玻璃上，遮蔽物用于隐藏涂层边缘、母线、导线和任何其他会减损车辆外观的物品。遮蔽物还要符合额外的审美要求，即具有深黑色和反光的光泽外观。其寿命必须与玻璃相同，且不褪色、不渗漏、不降低附着力或失效。
遮蔽物通常印刷在车辆内侧玻璃的第四表面上，但有时也交替印刷在玻璃的第二表面上。
遮蔽物历来都是黑色的，其中一个原因在于陶瓷熔块的局限性。除了黑色以外，很难生产出耐久性符合要求且颜色从头到尾能进行可靠复制的其他颜色熔块。另一个原因是一个黑色遮蔽物可以与任何颜色的涂料一起使用。
黑搪瓷熔块由颜料、载体、粘合剂和细磨玻璃组成。有时也添加其他材料来增强某些性能：烧结温度、防粘、耐化学性等。在加热和弯曲之前，使用丝网或喷墨印刷工艺将黑搪瓷熔块应用在玻璃上。在弯曲过程中，熔块中的细磨玻璃变软并与玻璃表面融合，当发生这种情况时，熔块被称为“烧结”。这一过程与在浴室内的各种装置组合、陶器、瓷器和电器上应用搪瓷饰面的过程极为相似。
金属和许多其他类型的材料均有一个极限屈服强度，当达到极限屈服强度时材料将失效。然而对于玻璃，我们只能指定给应力的一个定值来看破损概率。从分子水平上来看玻璃，我们会期望玻璃的强度非常高。事实上，我们在实践中发现，玻璃如预期那样具有非常高的压缩强度，但抗拉强度却非常低。
对于给定的一组玻璃试样，在相同载荷下，初看失效点可能是一个随机变量。事实上，屈服点遵循韦伯分布，而破损概率可作为应力、持续时间、表面区域、表面缺陷和玻璃模量的函数进行计算。
肉眼看来，浮法玻璃近乎完美。可能存在小到看不见的缺陷。但事实上，在微观层面上，其表面看起来十分粗糙，而且能看到点缀着的缺陷。当玻璃处于张力状态时，这些表面缺陷会张开并扩展/膨胀，最终导致失效。因此，夹层汽车玻璃几乎总在张力下失效。即使不处于张力状态，表面缺陷也会与环境中的水分/湿气发生反应，并随着时间的推移逐渐“增长”。这种现象被称为缓慢裂纹扩展。结果是，玻璃随着老化而变弱。
烧结后的黑搪瓷熔块会增加表面缺陷。如果以化学方式溶解烧结后的黑色遮蔽物的黑色颜料，就能发现这一情况。玻璃表面会出现磨砂外观，类似于喷砂或化学蚀刻玻璃。磨砂外观归因于熔融玻璃的无数表面缺陷。表面缺陷使得表面变得脆弱，增加了破损的可能性。测试表明，含黑搪瓷熔块的玻璃在应力水平的失效明显低于不含黑搪瓷熔块的玻璃。
另一个问题源于弯曲过程中出现的热梯度。正如期待的那样，黑搪瓷熔块比透明玻璃吸收更多的辐射热。辐射热是玻璃弯曲的主要热量来源。玻璃的黑搪瓷熔块区域比相邻的透明区域更热。由于玻璃是热的不良导体，会在相距较近的不同部位之间形成几十摄氏度的温度梯度。表面的高突然热梯度导致黑带内周围出现光失真/变形和高残余。这在行业中被称为烧痕，通常出现在大多数挡风玻璃边缘的黑色遮蔽物周围。
如图1所示，当遮蔽物配合玻璃安装摄像头系统一同使用时，必须在摄像头视野16的周围和摄像头遮蔽物34,8的周围来指定一个“缓冲器”15，以消除烧痕。因为黑搪瓷熔块的局限性，因此必须来进行调和。最理想的情况是不用配置缓冲器15，因为如果遮蔽物太大的话，将减少驾驶员的视野和进入车辆的自然光。
解决烧痕问题的一种方法是将点淡出/将其隐藏。从黑色涂料内部实心边缘开始，将一排排逐渐变小的点涂于玻璃上。这与灰度打印使用的原理相同。表面温度的变化率降低了，波及更广阔的区域。点的隐藏也有助于隐藏失真/变形。但在某些部分，即使采用宽点隐藏也不足以消除所有失真。此外，根据开口尺寸和驾驶员视野的法规要求，宽点隐藏也是不可能的。点隐藏的模式也是不符合要求的，因为它们增加了玻璃生产的成本。
另一个问题是表面失配。夹层玻璃至少由两层玻璃组成。玻璃原料通常只涂于其中一层玻璃上。这可能导致玻璃表面的形状出现细微差别。当在层压过程中通过力将两个表面压在一起时，表面失配会导致夹层玻璃出现残余应力和光失真/变形。
尽管有这些缺点，近几年来，带有黑搪瓷熔块遮蔽物的挡风玻璃区域有所增加。
随着现代车辆的电子内容日益增多，许多车辆靠近顶部中心的挡风玻璃区域变得越来越拥挤。这个位置以前的职责只供后视镜使用，但现在我们发现大量的电子设备均被安装于此处。
由于引入了能进行各种级别自主操作的车辆，因此对具有广阔视野范围和高清晰度的摄像头的需求也在飞速增长。摄像头分辨率也在以同样快的速度增长。这些摄像头通常必须安装在刮雨器区域的挡风玻璃上。摄像头最初是用于夜视。如今，基于摄像头的系统用于提供大量的安全功能，包括自适应巡航控制、障碍物探测、车道偏离警告和自主操作支持。许多这类应用需要使用多个摄像头。高清晰且不失真/变形的视野，具有最少的双重成像以及出色的MTF(调制传递函数，用来测量镜头将图像映射到传感器上的良好情况)，就基于摄像头系统是否按照预期规划来执行是至关重要的。对于这些系统而言，最关键的就是可以快速对对象进行区分，文字抓取编辑，识别信号，在低照明度的情况下也能运行。此外，随着摄像头分辨率的提高，对于高清晰其不失真的视野要求也在增加。
虽然可以使用罩盖和各种造型方法从内部遮盖部件和电线，但从外部观看车辆的时候，我们还需要保证线条的整洁和良好且符合审美的外观效果。
标准做法是延伸黑搪瓷熔块边(也称为黑带)，以便在玻璃的第四表面上形成遮蔽物，遮蔽物上提供给摄像头视野的开口。
如果为了在玻璃的第二表面或第四表面上创造一个遮蔽物而让黑带从顶部中心黑带向下延伸，变形/失真和应力都将成为一个主要问题。这是因为黑色熔块会从边缘进一步延伸至需要更多热量来弯曲玻璃的区域。由玻璃原料而产生的表面缺陷和应力会增加大块表面区域破裂的可能性。这也是一个关键的可视区域。
全景挡风玻璃的特点是玻璃顶部边缘一直延伸到包含至少一部分车顶，给驾驶员一个延伸的垂直视野区域(如图2所示)。如果采用全景挡风玻璃，当黑带遮蔽物32,8延伸或位于距顶部边缘几厘米的位置时，问题甚至更加明显。这是挡风玻璃最薄弱的地方。这也是需要最高温度来弯曲玻璃的地方，从而产生更高的热梯度和失真/变形。
我们已针对使用黑搪瓷熔块来生产遮蔽物的缺点进行了检查，特别针对挡风玻璃的摄像头设置区域进行了研究，旨在希望制造出一种不受黑搪瓷熔块遮蔽物限制的挡风玻璃。
发明概述
本发明的主题是一种带有至少一种遮蔽物的夹层汽车玻璃，其在加热和弯曲玻璃之后通过移开摄像头视野(摄像头遮蔽物)内或附近和/或挡风玻璃边缘(黑带)内的塑料中间层玻璃的一部分，并在摄像头视野区域(摄像头遮蔽物)和/或挡风玻璃边缘(黑带)内用一个基本不透明的塑料或其他合适的材料玻璃制成的一个嵌体替代遮蔽物，而不是将搪瓷熔块印刷和烧结到玻璃上来产生遮蔽物。被移开的部分和嵌体可以由用于中间层的相同类型的塑料或与层压工艺兼容的任何其它合适的塑料或其它材料而组成。被移开的部分和嵌体可以通过数控切割(激光切割、刀片切割或超声波切割)、模切或本技术领域已知的适合切割所选材料的任何其他方法来进行制造。嵌体的维度/大小刚好可以将嵌体放入中间层的开口。嵌体可以在夹层安装的过程中被添加上去，若需要添加，嵌体可以放置在中间层开口中，无需将嵌体的边缘粘合到中间层上。即便如此，也可以使用一种适当的溶剂来帮助粘合嵌体的边缘。合适的溶剂种类包括但不限于醇类和增塑剂。溶剂可以通过刷涂、喷涂、辊涂、垫涂或任何其他便利的方式来进行处理。嵌体可以由一部分/段或多部分/段组成。作为一个例子，一个双摄像头系统可能需要一个被两层透明部分包围的遮蔽物。在中间层片上有一个切口，与遮蔽物的维度/尺寸相符，不透明塑料遮蔽物具有两个切口区域，用于接受两个摄像头视野内的透明塑料。如果使用多个塑料粘合层(中间层)，由于夹层由薄膜层组成，因此塑料粘合层中只有一层可以任意地嵌入嵌体。
以这种方式制造出来的夹层玻璃，尤其是供摄像头使用的夹层玻璃区域会更加坚固且光学质量更好。
优点
1.一流的光学效果。
2.消除了玻璃原料引起的表面缺陷。
3.消除了因不均匀地加热玻璃原料而引起的残余应力。
4.消除了由玻璃原料引起的残余应力而导致的表面失配。
5.低变形/失真，可与普通的透明玻璃相媲美。
6.重影少，可与普通的透明玻璃相媲美。
7.降低破损的可能性。
8.由于消除了不均匀加热，弯曲过程中的产量更高。
9.由于强度更高、残余应力更低和表面失配更少，层压过程中的产量更高。
附图简要说明
图1A展示了有烧痕缓冲器的一个摄像头遮蔽物。
图1B展示了没有烧痕缓冲器的一个摄像头遮蔽物。
图2.展示了有摄像头遮蔽物和黑带的全景挡风玻璃的等距视图。
图3A展示了有单层塑料层和嵌体摄像头遮蔽物的夹层玻璃的横截面。
图3B展示了有两层塑料层的夹层玻璃的横截面，薄膜层在塑料层的外侧带有嵌件摄像头遮蔽物。
图4.展示了摄像头遮蔽物和黑带之间有间隙的挡风玻璃的等距视图。
图5A展示了摄像头遮蔽物和黑带之间有间隙的挡风玻璃的正视图。
图5B展示了摄像头遮蔽物带黑色和透明部分的细节。
图6A展示了未进行更正的重影。
图6B展示了进行过楔形/成型中间层更正的重影。
图7A展示了有普通塑料中间层的夹层玻璃。
图7B展示了有一个普通塑料中间层和一个楔形/成型塑料中间层的夹层玻璃。
图7C展示了有两个楔形/成型塑料中间层的夹层玻璃。
图8.展示了与黑带重叠的带摄像头遮蔽物的挡风玻璃的等距视图。
附图标识
3 楔形中间层
4 塑料粘合中间层
8 遮蔽物
15 缓冲器
16 视野
17 薄膜
32 黑带
34 摄像头遮蔽物
40 双像角
41 观察点
42 入射(光)线
43 初像
44 二次图像
45 楔角
46 入射角
52 偏向角
56 倾斜角
101 玻璃的第一表面
102 玻璃的第二表面
103 玻璃的第三表面
104 玻璃的第四表面
201 外层
202 内层
发明详述
本发明通过使用本发明的替代方法，在玻璃受热和弯曲成形后为摄像头视野提供的遮蔽物，消除了采用现有技术中烧制的黑搪瓷熔块遮蔽物而带来的弊端。在弯曲过程中将玻璃上的黑搪瓷熔块移开有助于让热量在弯曲过程中更均匀地分布在整个部分上，从而减少了残余应力和因为热梯度所致的相关表面失配、扭曲和变形/失真现象的出现。
夹层安全玻璃是由一个透明的热塑料粘合中间层的一个薄片将两片退火玻璃粘合在一起而制成的。退火玻璃是指从弯曲温度逐渐冷却至玻璃转化范围的玻璃制品。这个过程缓解了在弯曲过程中残余在玻璃上的任何应力。退火玻璃会破碎成边缘锋利的大碎片。当夹层玻璃破裂的时候，破碎的玻璃片就像拼图玩具中的各部分一样被塑料层粘合在一起，从而有助于保证玻璃结构的完整性。挡风玻璃破裂的车辆仍然可以操作。塑料粘合中间层还有助于防止物体从外部撞击到夹层玻璃上，并在发生碰撞的时候，增强对乘客的安全保障。
在图纸和讨论中，以下术语用于描述夹层玻璃的配置。典型的汽车夹层玻璃横截面如图3A和3B所示。一个夹层玻璃是由两层玻璃组成的，外部或外层201和内部或内层202，通过塑料粘合中间层4永久地粘合在一起。车辆外部的玻璃表面被称为玻璃的第一表面101。外层的相对面是玻璃的第二表面102。车辆内部的玻璃表面被称为玻璃的第四表面104。内层的相对面是玻璃的第三表面103。玻璃的第二表面102和玻璃的第三表面103通过塑料粘合中间层4被粘合在一起。图3A和3B还包含一个嵌入的摄像头遮蔽物34、8。遮蔽物通常由印刷在玻璃的第二表面102或玻璃的第四表面104或两两表面上的黑搪瓷熔块组成。本发明提出了一种将暗色嵌体作为一个遮蔽物的想法。在夹层玻璃的一个或多个表面上可能有一个涂层(未显示)。夹层玻璃还可能包含放置在至少两个塑料粘合中间层4之间的一个薄膜夹层17。
塑料粘合中间层的主要功能是将相邻层的主面相互粘合。通常选用透明塑料来将一个玻璃层粘合到另一个玻璃层上。对于汽车用途，最常用的塑料粘合层是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)。除了聚乙烯醇缩丁醛之外，还可以使用离子型聚合物、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、现浇(CIP)液体树脂和热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)。中间层除了将玻璃层粘合在一起之外，还提供增强的功能。本发明可以包括设计成用于减音的中间层。这种中间层是由整层塑料或部分塑料层构成的，该塑料层比常用的塑料层更加柔软且更加柔韧。中间层也可以是一种具备太阳衰减特性的一种。
可使用的玻璃类型包括但不限于：普通钠钙品种的汽车玻璃、以及铝硅酸盐玻璃、锂铝硅酸盐玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、玻璃陶瓷和各种经过玻璃转化并归类为玻璃的各种其他无机固体无定形组合物，包括不透明的玻璃。
可以对玻璃层可进行退火或钢化处理。有两种增加玻璃强度的过程，分别是让热玻璃快速冷却(淬火)的热钢化和通过离子交换化学处理达到相同效果的化学钢化。在化学钢化的过程中，玻璃外表面及其附近的离子会与较大的离子进行交换。
这使玻璃外层处于压缩状态。最高抗压强度可达1000兆帕。
使用重力弯曲、压力弯曲、冷弯曲或本领域已知的任何其它常规方法形成玻璃层。用于形成玻璃的重力和压力弯曲方法在本领域已是众所周知的，因此不在本公开中再做讨论。
玻璃层可由吸热玻璃组成成分以及红外反射涂层和其他类型的涂层组成。
钢化庞大的整体式玻璃窗只能利用吸热组成成分来控制太阳能负荷。相对于钢化玻璃窗来讲，夹层玻璃窗的一大优点是除了利用吸热组成成分以外，它还能利用红外反射涂层和红外反射薄膜。
红外反射涂料包括但不限于通过使用磁控溅射真空沉积(MSVD)涂的各种金属/介电质分层涂料，以及本领域已知的通过热解、喷雾、化学气相沉积(CVD)、蘸和其它方法。
红外反射薄膜既包括金属涂料基底，也包括在红外线中进行反射的有机基光学薄膜。
一个吸热玻璃窗可以变得非常高效，但玻璃会变热并通过对流传递和辐射将能量传递至乘客舱，而红外反射涂层和薄膜将热量反射回大气，从而使玻璃保持凉爽。
除了在红外辐射中进行反射的金属和非金属薄膜外，还有各种各样的其他薄膜可供选择，用于夹层玻璃从而增加能力和增强其他特性。为了控制光的传输，可使用电致变色、光致变色、热致变色和专门加入到夹层玻璃中的场效应薄膜。而最有吸引力的便是悬浮粒子装置(SPD)和聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)薄膜，它们可以在一种电场的控制下快速改变状态。这些薄膜将被统称为性能薄膜。
如果将玻璃原料和本发明的方法组合用于遮蔽物8、黑带32和摄像头遮蔽物34，则两者之间在外观上的任何差别将将是显而易见的。在这种情况下，将摄像头遮蔽物34从黑带32分离开来，如图4和图5所示，可改善美感。
如果在遮蔽物区域应用了本发明，则可消除黑搪瓷熔块对玻璃的所有有害影响，从而获得优异的光学质量、较低的应力和较低的破裂可能性。
除了为夹层玻璃成品带来好处以外，还消除了黑搪瓷熔块区域出现的不均热量分布和高热梯度，提高了弯曲过程中的产量，并且由于更高的强度和表面失配的减少，还提高了层压过程中的产量。
在挡风玻璃中的失真/变形是通过折/屈光力来进行测量的。折/屈光力是角度随距离而产生的偏差变化。在足够高的水平，其可能引发明显/显而易见的光失真/变形。折/屈光力通过屈光度来进行表示。
Figure BDA0002482236840000101
式中：
ε：入射光线与垂直于玻璃表面法线的直线之间形成的角度
αε：角度偏差
Dε：屈光力
大多数大型挡风玻璃生产线利用在线自动检测系统，该系统扫描玻璃并产生一个以屈光度表示光失真/变形的等高线图。
与用丝网印刷黑色熔块生产的相同和相似的夹层玻璃相比，利用本发明方法生产的夹层玻璃很少在遮蔽物附近区域发生失真/变形。
图6A和6B展示了先前技术的另一个问题，重影。
入射光线42以入射角46进入玻璃表面，并穿过玻璃到达观察点41。光线穿过玻璃窗时会弯曲(使光折射)。光线弯曲的角度称为偏向角52。光的折射导致所观察物体的初像43发生偏移。
进入玻璃的某些入射光线42从内表面(玻璃的第四表面104)反射回来，并退出玻璃。反射光的一部分再次从外表面(玻璃的第一表面101)反射回来，导致重影。重影角η40是初像43和副像44与观察点41之间的角度。如果初像和副像重合，则分离角为零。法规要求将视觉区A的分离角限制为15弧分(根据联合国法规42第3版的规定)，视觉区B的分离角限制为25弧分。但是，众所周知，人眼无法察觉的重影最大量为7弧分。
复像角η40的计算如方程/公式2所示。其随着倾斜角56的减小而增加、玻璃第四表面104的曲率增大以及随着玻璃尺寸的增大而增大。如图7B和7C所示，通过改变玻璃层之间的角度可减小复像角η40。通常，玻璃表面是基本上彼此平行的。通过在表面之间创建一个楔角45，初/原/主像和次像可以转向融合。
Figure BDA0002482236840000111
式中：
η：重影角
t：玻璃厚度
n：折射率
R：曲率半径
通过使用具有不均匀厚度的中间层来调节玻璃层之间的角度，通常在玻璃顶部或其附近大于标准0.76毫米的厚度逐渐变细，底部的厚度较小。该中间层通过塑料挤出工艺而制成，该中间层被称为“楔形”中间层。也可通过在较小的范围上给中间层成型(拉伸)的方式来形成。成型通常是为了创造一个弯曲的遮阳板。表1展示了楔角和作为遮阳板半径函数的1米以上的标准0.76毫米厚中间层的厚度减少量。
请注意，可以对楔形中间层进行成型，从而增加楔角。为了可以获得预期的结果，可使用任何楔形和成型的中间层来进行组合。
图7A展示了具有两个标准中间层(塑料粘合中间层4)的夹层玻璃，图7B展示了具有一个楔形中间层3的夹层玻璃(在他们之间有一个薄膜)，图7C展示了具有两个楔形中间层3的夹层玻璃(在他们之间有一个薄膜)。楔形中间层3可被用于进一步地减少复视。
Figure BDA0002482236840000121
表1：遮阳板半径与楔角的对照
实验结果证明了本发明已获得了卓越的和意想不到的发明改进效果。如果从15英寸减少到3英寸，则断裂强度翻了一倍以上，MTF将得到大幅改善(参见图解1)，失真/变形减少了六倍，重影也减少了。还应注意的是，这四个参数对安全摄像头的操作是至关重要的。
表2
Figure BDA0002482236840000131
由于汽车摄像系统得以改进并且现今汽车均配备先进驾驶辅助系统，汽车挡风玻璃成为构成汽车视觉系统的复杂透镜系统的重要组成部分。我们的兴趣所在，我们将挡风玻璃作为摄像头前的一个镜头，由包含复杂镜头系统的一个组件构成。评估该系统的最佳方法是测量MTF。
调制传递函数或“MTF”是描述透镜性能最广泛使用的科学方法。调制传递函数是从对象到图像的调制(或对比度)传递的量度。换句话说，其测量的是镜头将物体细节复制(或转移)到镜头产生的图像上的准确/如实能力。当我们绘制MTF图时，我们会跟踪绘制对比度从100降到0和空间频率(奈奎斯特频率)的图表。空间频率是远距离解决能力，随着对比度的下降，这种能力变弱。利用X&Y绘制信息，有助于我们了解整个系统的对比度及其远距离准确/如实复制的能力。这在半自主或自主驾驶车辆中尤为重要，因为焦点将是地平线，因此需要检测出焦平面中所有图像的形状和大小。
与具有正常玻璃熔块遮蔽物的相同生产模型相比，采用本发明方法生产的遮蔽物已大大改善了MTF系统，其结果相当显著。
实施例1
图8的挡风玻璃包含一个陶瓷熔块黑带32和一个通过不透明黑色塑料PVB嵌体产生的摄像头遮蔽34，将其切割成一定的尺寸并嵌入塑料到PVB中间层的切口中。嵌体还包括切口，允许在两个摄像头中的每一个摄像头的视野区域中嵌入透明PVB。在嵌入夹层进行装配时，在层压过程中，嵌体在玻璃弯曲和冷却后进行装配。无需粘合促进剂。
实施例2
图8所示的挡风玻璃包括两个楔形/成型塑料夹层，之间夹有一层红外热反射聚酯薄膜。通过普通方法生产一个陶瓷熔块黑色带32，和一个不透明的黑色塑料PVB嵌体，被切割成一定的尺寸并嵌入到PVB中间层的切口中。嵌体还包括一个切口，允许在两个摄像头中的每一个摄像头的视野区域中嵌入透明PVB。在嵌入夹层进行装配时，在层压过程中，嵌体在玻璃弯曲和冷却后进行装配。无需粘合促进剂。
必须理解的是，本发明不仅限于以上描述和图示说明中的实施例。本领域的技术人员应该理解/明白，在不违背/背离本发明精神的前提下，可以对其进行变化和/或修改，仅由以下专利申请来定义。

Claims (7)

1.一种夹层玻璃包括：
至少两层玻璃，每层玻璃具有两个相对布置的主面；
至少一层塑料粘合中间层，其具有两个相对布置的主面；
通过以下方法生产至少一层遮蔽物
如说到的在至少一层塑料粘合中间层中切割一个开口；
切割一个嵌体，以匹配所述开口；
将嵌体嵌入开口；以及
将带有嵌件的塑料粘合中间层装配到夹层玻璃上；
至少一层遮蔽物在玻璃层加热和弯曲后制造。
2.根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，其中至少一层遮蔽物中至少有一部分是透明的。
3.根据权利要求所述的夹层玻璃，如说到的其中至少一层塑料粘合中间层中的至少一层塑料粘合中间层为一个楔形中间层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃，如说到的其中至少一个遮蔽层含有至少两种遮蔽物，一个是摄像头遮蔽物和另一个是黑带遮蔽物，摄像头遮蔽与黑带遮蔽分开并与之间隔开。
5.根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃还包括一个红外反射层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃还包括一个聚酯薄膜层。
7.一种采用权利要求1所述夹层玻璃的车辆。
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US20200254731A1 (en) 2020-08-13

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