CN220682104U - 一种具有照明装置的弯曲汽车层压体 - Google Patents
一种具有照明装置的弯曲汽车层压体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN220682104U CN220682104U CN202222467214.2U CN202222467214U CN220682104U CN 220682104 U CN220682104 U CN 220682104U CN 202222467214 U CN202222467214 U CN 202222467214U CN 220682104 U CN220682104 U CN 220682104U
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- Prior art keywords
- light
- layer
- glass
- laminate
- coating
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Classifications
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- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
- F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
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- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
- B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
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- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
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- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10889—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor shaping the sheets, e.g. by using a mould
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
- F21K9/23—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings
- F21K9/232—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings specially adapted for generating an essentially omnidirectional light distribution, e.g. with a glass bulb
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/004—Scattering dots or dot-like elements, e.g. microbeads, scattering particles, nanoparticles
- G02B6/0041—Scattering dots or dot-like elements, e.g. microbeads, scattering particles, nanoparticles provided in the bulk of the light guide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0065—Manufacturing aspects; Material aspects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
本申请提供了一种弯曲汽车层压体,其包括:导光层,由玻璃制成并被构造成从光源传导光且具有内部表面和外部表面;至少一个附加玻璃层,具有内部表面和外部表面;至少一个塑料夹层,被放置在导光层和至少一个附加玻璃层之间;和光分散层,由亚微米无机颗粒制成,亚微米无机颗粒的平均颗粒大小不大于1μm,光分散层与至少一个塑料夹层接触;抗反射涂层设置在导光层与至少一个塑料夹层接触的主表面上,或设置在至少一个附加玻璃层与至少一个塑料夹层接触的主表面上;以及抗反射涂层的折射率与设置涂层的玻璃层相匹配。通过创建在断开状态下实质上不可见且在导通状态下非常明亮的光分散层,层压体提供明亮的座舱照明,而不损及玻璃用作窗的功能。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及层压汽车玻璃和汽车照明领域。
背景技术
随着汽车制造商努力满足政府对燃油效率和排放的规定,并提供公众日益需求的环保型车辆,减少重量已经成为一项关键战略。虽然替代较轻重量的材料已经成为趋势的一大部分,但我们也看到大多数车辆的平均尺寸有所减少。由于座舱体积的减小,可能造成一种令人不快的幽闭恐惧效应。为了克服这一点,制造商几年来一直在增加车辆的玻璃面积。增加的查看面积和自然光有助于给座舱一个更空旷和更通风的感觉。
全景玻璃车顶在过去几年中已迅速发展,成为新车的热门选项。大型全景玻璃车顶给予车辆一个通风和豪华的外观。近年来,在北美和欧洲提供全景车顶选项的车型中,该选项的车辆比例一直在30%至40%范围之间。在中国,在一些车型上,这一比率已经接近100%。
具有大型玻璃车顶的车辆呈现的一个潜在问题是在座舱照明的领域中。在车顶中心附近安装灯通常不可行或不切实际。相反,汽车制造商一直在门上方、脚坑、杯架和其他位置安装灯。
LED照明在汽车应用上使用的越来越多。从环境照明到前照灯,LED的成本、可靠性和强度已经达到了取代白炽灯和其他电阻照明技术的高性价比的地步。事实上,LED的寿命长达50,000小时,很可能比车辆的寿命长得多。
在层压玻璃中嵌入LED的努力遇到了喜忧参半的结果。主要问题之一是用于一般照射的LED的高强度。由于LED管芯的小尺寸和在层压体中难以包括任何种类的透镜或漫射器,管芯的光强度趋于非常高。这会使司机夜间驾驶变得困难。优选是在较大的区域上散布较低强度照射。
玻璃可以用来传导光。玻璃纤维通过弹射纤维壁上的光来工作。扁平的或弯曲的玻璃片可以以同样的方式使用。打印在透明基板上并由将光引入边缘之一中的光源照射的标志数十年来已为人所知。打印的图形分散了在玻璃内部照射图形的光。标志上的信息是为了在所有照明状况下都可查看。照射仅允许在低照明状况下查看标志。同样的方法可用于一般照射,但仍需要一个光分散层。如果在器件处于断开状态时光分散层是可见的,则基板无法再用作窗。
玻璃的边缘照射可以用来提供照射。在这种方法中,玻璃用作沿边缘注入的光的波导。光通过在玻璃表面中的微观缺陷被解耦和折射,这些微观缺陷通过多种手段产生,包括化学和研磨蚀刻以及激光标记。这些方法趋于产生不希望的雾度,并且也会削弱玻璃。
一种有前途的新技术是利用悬浮在聚合物基质中并打印在基板上的光学漫射器。该技术的一个严重缺点是有机基质在暴露在热、湿和UV下随着时间的推移会发生降解,并且很难将乳液涂覆到弯曲的玻璃形状,因为由于会被玻璃弯曲制程的热所破坏,乳液必须在弯曲后涂覆。
希望具有一种产生没有这些限制和缺点的发光层压体的方法。
实用新型内容
现有技术的问题是通过当照明装置处于断开状态时实质上不可见的光分散层来解决。这是通过许多手段来实现的。此处公开的方法涉及在层压体中产生边缘照射型光分散层,该分散层在弯曲之前被打印在扁平玻璃导光层上。当照明装置处于断开状态时,打印件实质上是不可见的。在导通状态下,分散层可以提供高水平的照射。在优选实施方案中,导光层由透明基板制成,该基板包括扁平低铁、高可见光透射率或超透明玻璃片。在另一优选实施方案中,抗反射涂层被涂覆到内部玻璃层上并与光分散层接触,以增加玻璃内部的全内反射并改善打印件的照射亮度。
所有主要的浮法玻璃供应商都制造超透明玻璃。超透明玻璃没有标准钠钙玻璃特有的绿色色调。它是通过从批次中去除天然存在的铁来产生的。超透明广泛用于家具和太阳能面板。使用对导光层的可见光透射率超过90%的超透明玻璃板,改善了层压体的亮度和效率。
在透明导光基板上打印光分散乳液,以形成光分散层。
所用的光分散乳液的组成与通常用于在汽车玻璃上打印黑色和银色图案的黑色和银色熔块相似。所用的乳液不是黑色颜料或银,而是包括约80%的有机载体和分散的亚微米无机颗粒。因此,为了保证在载体中充分悬浮,颗粒尺寸小于1μm。此外,由于需要透明度,乳液中颗粒的重量百分比小于10%。颗粒可以包括但不限于金属、陶瓷或复合无机颗粒。
可以使用能够将颗粒保持在悬浮液中,并在加热制程中燃烧掉,同时留下很少或不留下残留物的任何合适载体。可以添加与载体相容的溶剂来调节乳液的粘度。也可以将其他化学物质添加到乳液中,以增强诸如保质期、粘附性等的特性。
优选颗粒大小范围包括但不限于小于350nm。优选形状为球形;然而,可以使用任何其他形状的颗粒。应当理解,虽然这些是优选的范围,但它们绝不代表对本实用新型可能包含的范围的限制。在不背离本实用新型的精神和意图的情况下,基于尚未发现的不同粘结剂、溶剂和形状,其他范围可以提供类似或更好的结果。
该方法包括:
1.提供包括悬浮在载体中的亚微米颗粒光学漫射器的乳液,
2.提供玻璃基板,
3.将乳液打印到玻璃基板上,
4.加热带乳液的玻璃基板,使有机组分蒸发燃烧掉,形成光分散层,
5.弯曲玻璃,和
6.层压玻璃。
图中示出了通过该方法产生的产品的各种实施方案的示例。
应注意,对于图2和图3所示的六边形图案,可以打印六边形的内部(如图所示)或打印六边形之间的空间。
为了改善玻璃的照射和光分散层打印特征的亮度,可以在与光分散层接触的内部玻璃层的表面上涂敷抗反射涂层。在玻璃和塑料夹层界面之间使用抗反射涂层的目的是与塑料夹层和内部玻璃层之间的折射率相匹配,因此注入到玻璃边缘的光会更有效地传导通过玻璃,而不是仅传导到传导层。当到达玻璃和塑料夹层之间的界面时,由于折射率失配,一部分光受到折射,尽管折射率最小,但它丢失了。当存在抗反射涂层时,这些光损失在界面处被最小化,因此它增加了与存在于光分散层中的散射特征相互作用的光量。另外,可将抗反射涂层涂覆到至少一个附加玻璃层和塑料夹层的界面上。所提出的构造的主要优点是,当将光注入边缘时,实际上可以将光注入具有塑料夹层的导光层中,甚至注入整个玻璃中,而不受导光层厚度的限制。这导致了打印件的亮度和照射的能被感知到的改善。
抗反射涂层可以包括诸如SiOxNy的氮氧化硅。SiO2涂层的折射率可达1.48,低于汽车常规玻璃,诸如钠钙玻璃或铝硅酸盐玻璃。然而,当掺杂氮时,其折射率增加,可达2.10。因此,SiOxNy抗反射涂层的折射率应该调整到最佳匹配塑料夹层和玻璃,从而最小化两种材料之间的界面处的光损失。
光分散层必须在层压体的一个内部表面上。也就是与PVB接触的表面之一。在不偏离本实用新型意图的情况下,也可以使用其他塑料夹层材料。众所周知(例如,如专利申请WO2005/054915A1和WO2012059126A1中所教导),优选地选择塑料夹层的材料,使得夹层的折射率基本上与玻璃片的折射率相同。因为夹层材料的折射率接近玻璃的折射率,耦合到导光层中的光在玻璃/夹层界面处不被反射。诸如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)的夹层材料的折射率约为1.49,即与玻璃片的折射率大致相同。
在层压步骤期间,由于片材操纵和加工而承继的缺陷可以在视觉上减轻。高压釜的持续时间、温度和压力可能需要增加,这再次取决于夹层和缺陷的性质。
PVB将倾向于填充缺陷,使它们在照明装置处于断开状态的情况下和正常的查看和照明状况下不可见。
为了减少重像和从车辆外部可见的光量,PVB层的可见光透射率应不大于40%。组合夹层和导光层的外部玻璃层应具有不大于20%,优选更小的可见光透射率。
为了改善照明的均匀性,照明装置沿着相对的两侧涂覆。它们可以是层压体的前后或左右两侧。在实施方案中,使用了“光条”。每个光条包括串联耦合到微透镜阵列的LED管芯,用于将光聚焦在导光层的边缘上。已发现所需的强度至少在400cd/m2范围内,来获得在强度上与传统座舱顶部照明类似的明亮光线。在优选实施方案中,强度在至少500cd/m2的范围内。
通过将光反射涂层涂覆到不用于灯条的玻璃边缘的至少一部分上,可以进一步改善发射光的效率和强度。已知许多涂层具有高反射率。此外,薄膜也可以涂覆到边缘或紧密靠近边缘以用作反射器。高反射膜已经被开发出来,并普遍用于LCD监视器和电视机中,改善了LCD单元的背光的均匀性和强度。
应注意,在不脱离本实用新型的概念的情况下,可以使用其他照明装置来代替所述实施方案的LED。可以使用任何能够提供强度和封装要求的任何手段,包括OLED、电致发光、光纤、光管,甚至尚未发明的手段。
使用光学粘附剂将光条粘合到边缘。可选地,可抛光导光层的边缘,以增加可见光透射率。边缘也可以被碾磨成凸、凹或其他轮廓,以帮助聚焦边缘内侧的光。
由于LED管芯充当点光源,玻璃边缘与管芯之间的距离至少应为0.5mm。实际间距将取决于许多因素,包括但不限于:导光层边缘处理、管芯尺寸、管芯强度、光条透镜和光条漫射器(如果有配备的话)。
在断开状态下,使用打印的光分散乳液,雾度在6%以下,并且可见光透射率下降在10%以下。在正常的查看状况下,打印有效地是不可见的。
除了将乳液打印到玻璃基板上外,还可以使用其他方法,诸如:
组合光刻掩模的化学蚀刻制程可用于在玻璃表面中创建微米级缺陷。这些缺陷在照射时会使光线分散。整个表面可以被处理,或者可以创建掩模以产生图形。
以类似的方式,可以使用研磨制程。首先用耐用的掩摸将玻璃遮盖起来,该掩膜可以保护玻璃表面免受磨料的影响,然后将磨料引导到玻璃表面上。这可以用夹带在水中或空气中的磨料颗粒来完成。
激光也可以用来创建微米级的缺陷。这种方法的优点是不需要掩摸。常规的连续波(CW)激光器,诸如切割CO2-源激光可以很容易地进行相应的调整,并且通常用于标记玻璃。然而,CW激光只是在表面上产生微裂纹。对于具有高清晰度和高馈入速率的极精细小图案而言,采用皮秒脉冲波激光。
附图简要说明
通过结合附图对以下实施方案的详细描述,本实用新型的这些特征和优点将变得显而易见,其中:
图1A示出了典型的层压汽车玻璃的横截面。
图1B示出了具有性能膜和涂层的典型层压玻璃的横截面。
图1C示出了典型的回火单体汽车玻璃的横截面。
图2示出了根据本实用新型的实施方案的两层照射型层压体。
图3示出了根据本实用新型的实施方案的三层照射型层压体。
图4A示出了处于断开状态的照射型层压体。
图4B示出了处于导通状态的照射型层压体。
附图参考数字
2 玻璃层
4 粘合/粘附层(夹层)
6 模糊/黑色熔块
8 玻璃热回火
12 膜
18 涂层
20 光分散层
22 导光层
30 光条
101 表面一
102 表面二
103 表面三
104 表面四
201 外部层
202 内部层
203 中间层
具体实施方式
以下术语用于描述本实用新型的层压玻璃。
典型的汽车层压玻璃横截面如图1A和图1B所示。层压体包括两层玻璃,即外部(exterior或outer)201和内部层(interior或inner)202,它们通过塑料层4(夹层)永久地粘合在一起。在层压体中,位于车辆外部的玻璃表面被称为表面一101或第一表面。外部玻璃层201的相对面是表面二102或第二表面。位于车辆内部的玻璃2表面称为表面104或第四表面。玻璃内部层202的相对面是表面三103或第三表面。表面二102和表面三103通过塑料层4粘合在一起。遮蔽物6也可以涂覆到玻璃上。遮蔽物通常包括打印在第二表面102或第四表面104或两者上的黑色搪瓷熔块。层压体可以在一个或多个表面上具有涂层18。层压体还可以包括层压在至少两个塑料层4之间的膜12。
图1C示出了典型的回火汽车玻璃横截面。回火玻璃通常包括已被热强化的单层玻璃201。在车辆外部上的玻璃表面被称为表面101或第一表面。外部玻璃层201的相对面是表面二102或第二表面。回火玻璃的第二表面102在车辆的内部上。遮蔽物6也可以被涂覆到玻璃上。遮蔽物通常包括打印在第二表面102上的黑色搪瓷熔块。根据其功能,玻璃可以在诸如第一表面101、第二表面102、第三表面103或第四表面104的任何一个表面上具有涂层18。
术语“玻璃”可以适用于许多有机和无机材料,包括许多不透明的材料。对于本文件,我们将只提及非有机透明玻璃。从科学的角度来看,玻璃被定义为一种物质状态,包括缺乏真正固体的有序分子结构的非晶无定形固体。玻璃具有晶体的机械刚性和液体的随机结构。
可使用的玻璃类型包括但不限于:汽车玻璃中典型的普通钠钙品种以及铝硅酸盐、锂铝硅酸盐、硼硅酸盐、玻璃陶瓷和经历玻璃转变并被归类为玻璃(包括不透明的玻璃)的各种其他无机固体无定形组成物。玻璃层可以包括吸热玻璃组成物以及红外反射和其他类型的涂层。
玻璃的横截面或堆叠是玻璃层的罗列,包括每个层的位置、材料组成和厚度。横截面还可包括涂层和任何其他相关信息。
示例1:
外部:2.3mm退火太阳能绿色
夹层:0.76mm透明PVB
内部:2.3mm退火透明
示例2:
外部:2.3mm、压弯涂层、透明、退火、磨边钠钙玻璃
夹层:0.76mm 20%蓝色PVB
内部:0.7mm、扁平、透明、化学回火、具有激光切割边缘的铝硅酸盐玻璃
一般来说,层压体是包括相对于其长度和宽度的多个薄材料片的制品,每个薄片具有两个相对设置的主面,并且通常具有相对均匀的厚度,它们跨越每个片的至少一个主面永久地彼此粘合。
如图1A和图1B所示,夹层安全玻璃是通过使用包括透明热塑性薄片4(夹层)的塑料将两片(201和202)退火玻璃2粘合在一起而制成的。
退火玻璃是从弯曲温度向下缓慢冷却通过玻璃转变范围的玻璃。这一过程释放了从弯曲过程留在玻璃的任何应力。退火的玻璃碎裂成有锋利边缘的大碎片。当层压玻璃碎裂时,碎玻璃碎片就像拼图玩具片一样被塑料层固定在一起,以帮助维持玻璃的结构完整性。挡风玻璃碎裂的车辆仍然可以运行。塑料层4还有助于防止从外部撞击层压体的物体的穿透,并且在发生碰撞的情况下,改善乘员保持。
玻璃层可以退火或强化。有两种制程可以用来增加玻璃的强度。它们是热强化,其中,热玻璃被迅速冷却(淬火)且化学回火,通过离子交换化学处理达到同样的效果。
压缩强度至少在70MPa范围内的热强化、全回火钠钙浮法玻璃可用于除挡风玻璃以外的所有车辆位置中。热强化(回火)玻璃在玻璃的外侧表面具有一层高压缩,由玻璃内部通过热软化玻璃的快速冷却产生的张力平衡。当回火玻璃碎裂时,张力和压缩不再平衡,并且玻璃碎裂成边缘暗淡的小珠子。回火玻璃比退火层压玻璃更为坚固。典型的汽车热强化制程的厚度限制在3.2mm到3.6mm范围内。这是由于所需的快速热传递。使用典型的鼓风机型低压空气淬火系统无法实现较薄玻璃所需的高表面压缩。
用于增强玻璃的性能和特性广泛的涂层是可用和常用的。这些包括但不限于抗反射、疏水、亲水、自愈、自清洁、抗菌、防划伤、防涂鸦、防指纹以及防眩光。
这些涂层的涂覆方法包括磁控溅射真空沉积(MSVD)以及本领域已知的通过热解、喷涂、受控气相沉积(CVD)、浸渍、溶胶-凝胶和其他方法涂覆的其他方法。
大多数涂层分为两类:硬涂层和软涂层。硬涂层是耐用的,并且可以暴露在天气和触摸下。软涂层容易因触摸和暴露而损坏。软涂层通常通过涂覆到绝缘玻璃单元的一个封闭表面或在层压体中,涂覆到与塑料粘合层相邻的一个主表面来保护。
玻璃层是使用重力弯曲、压弯曲、冷弯曲或本领域中已知的任何其他常规手段形成的。在重力弯曲制程中,玻璃平板被支撑在玻璃边缘附近,然后被加热。热玻璃在重力作用下凹陷成所需的形状。在压弯曲的情况下,扁平玻璃被加热,然后在充满部分表面的模具上弯曲。通常使用气压和真空来辅助弯曲制程。用于形成玻璃的重力弯曲和压弯曲方法在本领域中是公知的,并且在本公开中将不予赘述。
塑料粘合层4(夹层)的主要功能是将相邻层的主面相互粘合。所选材料通常是透明的热固性塑料。
对于汽车用途,最常用的粘合层4(夹层)是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)。PVB对玻璃有极好的粘附力,并且经一次层压就光学透明。其由聚乙烯醇与正丁醛反应生成。PVB透明,并且与玻璃粘附力高。然而,就PVB本身而言,它太脆了。必须添加增塑剂,以使材料柔韧,并使其能够在汽车所需的温度范围内大范围地耗散能量。只使用了少量的增塑剂。它们是典型的直链二羧酸酯。两种常用的增塑剂是己二酸二正己酯和四乙二醇二正庚酸酯。典型的汽车PVB夹层包括30-40重量%的增塑剂。
除聚乙烯醇缩丁醛之外,还可以使用离子性聚合物、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、原位浇注(CIP)液体树脂和热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)。汽车夹层是通过挤压制程制成,且具有厚度公差和制程变动。由于光滑的表面倾向于粘接在玻璃上,使其难以定位在玻璃上并捕获空气,以便于处置塑料片并且从层压体中去除空气(脱气),塑料表面通常是压花的,从而使片材有附加的变动。汽车PVB夹层的标准厚度为0.38mm和0.76mm(15密耳和30密耳)。
夹层具有超出将玻璃层粘合在一起的增强能力。本实用新型可以包括设计成减弱声音的夹层。这种夹层由比通常使用的更柔韧和更灵活的一层塑料整体或部分组成。该夹层也可以是具有太阳能衰减特性的类型。
有可以被并入到层压体中的各种膜。这些膜的用途包括但不限于:太阳能控制、可变光透射、增加的刚度、增加的结构完整性、改善的耐穿透性、改善的乘员保持、提供屏障、色调、提供遮阳、颜色校正以及用作功能性和美学图形的基板。术语“膜”应包括这些以及其他可能开发或目前可用的产品,以增强层压玻璃的性能、功能、美学或成本。大多数膜不具有粘附特性。为了并入到层压体中,膜的每一侧上都需要塑料夹层片,以将膜粘合到层压体的其他层。
汽车玻璃通常使用吸热玻璃组成物来减少车辆上的太阳能负荷。虽然吸热窗可以非常有效,但是玻璃会加热,并通过对流转移和辐射将能量转移到乘客隔舱。更有效的方法是将热反射回大气,让玻璃保持较凉爽。这是使用各种红外反射膜和涂层来完成的。红外涂层和膜通常太软,无法被安装或涂覆在暴露在元件下的玻璃表面。相反,它们必须作为层压产品的内部层之一制造,以防止膜或涂层的损坏和劣化。
与回火单体玻璃相比,层压窗的一大优点是,除了吸热组成物和夹层外,层压体还可以使用红外反射涂层和膜。
红外反射涂层包括但不限于通过磁控溅射真空沉积(MSVD)涂覆的各种金属/介电分层涂层以及经由热解、喷涂、受控气相沉积(CVD)、浸渍和其他方法涂覆的本领域已知的其他涂层。
红外反射膜既包括涂覆有金属的塑料基板,也包括在红外中反射的基于有机的非金属光学膜。大多数红外反射膜包括涂覆有红外反射分层金属涂层的塑料膜基板。
由该方法产生的实施方案的描述
1.如图2所示,实施方案1包括3.6mm的全回火太阳能绿色钠钙玻璃外部层201,其中,在第二表面上印有黑色搪瓷熔块6。使用可见光透射率为40%的灰色PVB 4将外部玻璃层201粘合到可见光透射率为92%的2.1mm低铁钠钙导光层22。在导光层22表面上,使用包括10重量%的无机亚微米颗粒的乳液,将六边形光分散层20打印在层压体的第三表面上,该无机亚微米颗粒的尺寸实质上在小于350nm的范围内。乳液在弯曲前被打印在扁平玻璃上。然后将扁平打印玻璃加热到玻璃片的粘度在1012.5泊到109.5泊的范围中的温度,驱走溶剂,烧掉载体,留下一层薄薄的无机颗粒。导光层22还具有打印在第四表面上的黑色搪瓷熔块带6。光条30包括多个LED管芯,其中,每个LED管芯光学地粘合到层压体的左边缘和右边缘。导光层22的边缘被碾磨成凸轮廓并经抛光,以便于光从光条30进入。光条30的强度不超过500cd/m2并且还设有微透镜阵列(未示出),以引导和聚焦光。使用RGB LED允许层压体在广泛的颜色范围内照射。层压体的总可见光透射率为20%。使用延长的高压釜循环允许PVB4流入微缺陷中。当灯条30处于断开状态时,处理区域实质上是不可见的。
2.如图3所示,实施方案2包括2.1mm的退火、太阳能绿色、钠钙玻璃外部层201,其中,在第二表面上印有黑色搪瓷熔块6。透明的PVB夹层4用于将外部玻璃层201粘合到2.1mm的退火、太阳能绿色、钠钙玻璃的中间层203。使用可见光透射率为40%的灰色PVB 4将中间玻璃层203粘合到可见光透射率为92%的2.1mm低铁、钠钙导光层22。如实施方案1所示,使用包括亚微米颗粒并固化的乳液,在导光层22的面向层压体内侧的主表面上打印六边形光分散层20。导光层22还具有打印在第四表面上的黑色搪瓷熔块带6。光条30包括多个LED管芯,其中,每个管芯光学地结合到层压体的左边缘和右边缘。导光层22的边缘被碾磨成凸轮廓并经抛光,以便于光从光条进入。光条的强度大于500cd/m2并且还设有微透镜阵列(未示出),以引导和聚焦光。使用RGB LED允许层压体在广泛的颜色范围内照射。层压体的总可见光透射率为20%。使用延长的高压釜循环允许PVB 4流入微缺陷中。当灯条30处于断开状态时,处理区域实质上是不可见的。
3.实施方案三与实施方案1类似,增加了包括折射率与玻璃和塑料夹层相匹配的氮氧化硅的抗反射涂层,并将其涂覆到导光层。
4.实施方案三除了塑料夹层之外与实施方案3类似。用可见光透过率在90%以上的透明PVB取代灰色PVB来层压玻璃。将包括氧氮化硅且折射率与玻璃匹配的附加抗反射涂层涂覆到与PVB接触的外部玻璃层的内部表面。
此外,在一些实施方案中,介电镜涂层(图中未示出)被设置在外部玻璃层上,以便增强光输出和UV保护。同样,在附加实施方案中,介电镜涂层包括至少一层银以反射红外辐射。
Claims (14)
1.一种弯曲汽车层压体,其包括:
导光层,其由玻璃制成并被构造成从光源传导光,且所述导光层具有内部表面和外部表面;
至少一个附加玻璃层,具有内部表面和外部表面;
至少一个塑料夹层,其被放置在所述导光层和所述至少一个附加玻璃层之间;和
光分散层,其由亚微米无机颗粒制成,所述亚微米无机颗粒的平均颗粒大小不大于1μm;
其中,所述光分散层与所述至少一个塑料夹层接触;
抗反射涂层设置在所述导光层与所述至少一个塑料夹层接触的主表面上,或设置在所述至少一个附加玻璃层与所述至少一个塑料夹层接触的主表面上;以及
所述抗反射涂层的折射率与设置所述涂层的玻璃层相匹配。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层压体,其特征在于,还包括照明装置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的层压体,其特征在于,所述照明装置包括至少两个灯条。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的层压体,其特征在于,所述光分散层被打印在所述导光层的主表面上。
5.根据权利要求2所述的层压体,其特征在于,所述至少两个照明装置包括至少两个灯条,每个灯条包括LED管芯,且所述LED管芯设置在距玻璃边缘至少0.5mm的距离处。
6.根据权利要求5所述的层压体,其特征在于,还包括光反射涂层,所述光反射涂层被涂覆到所述导光层的至少一部分边缘,且所述边缘未设置照明装置。
7.根据权利要求3所述的层压体,其特征在于,所述至少两个照明装置具有两种操作模式状态:导通状态和断开状态,与所述光分散层接触的所述塑料夹层是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛夹层,所述聚乙烯醇缩丁醛夹层与所述光分散层相互作用,使得它们在所述照明装置处于断开状态的情况下和在正常的查看和照明下实质上不可见。
8.根据权利要求1所述的层压体,其特征在于,所述抗反射涂层由氮氧化硅组成。
9.根据权利要求1所述的层压体,其特征在于,所述抗反射涂层设于与所述至少一个塑料夹层接触的所述导光层的主表面。
10.根据权利要求1所述的层压体,其特征在于,所述抗反射涂层的折射率与和所述涂层接触的所述玻璃层和塑料夹层相匹配。
11.根据权利要求1所述的层压体,其特征在于,在所述至少一个附加玻璃层和所述光分散层之间的层压体堆叠中包括IR反射膜或涂层。
12.根据权利要求2所述的层压体,其特征在于,所述照明装置包括透镜。
13.根据权利要求1所述的层压体,其特征在于,还包括介电镜涂层,所述介电镜涂层被设置在所述至少一个附加玻璃层中的一层上。
14.根据权利要求13所述的层压体,其特征在于,所述介电镜涂层包括至少一层银。
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CN (2) | CN113677521A (zh) |
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WO2023144171A1 (de) | 2022-01-28 | 2023-08-03 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Beleuchtbare verglasung |
WO2023156939A1 (en) | 2022-02-16 | 2023-08-24 | Agp Worldwide Operations Gmbh | Glazing having total internal reflection through improved light injection |
CN116494726A (zh) * | 2022-07-20 | 2023-07-28 | 法国圣戈班玻璃公司 | 具有可切换和发光功能的玻璃组件、其制备方法以及包含所述玻璃组件的窗体总成 |
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US20070098969A1 (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2007-05-03 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Light-guiding assembly and automotive vehicle roof |
WO2007077099A1 (en) * | 2006-01-06 | 2007-07-12 | Pilkington Automotive Deutschland Gmbh | Vehicle glazing with light-guiding assembly |
WO2009147676A1 (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-10 | Dip Tech. Ltd. | Printing process on inner side of laminated glass and glass laminates formed thereby |
EP2635433B1 (en) | 2010-11-03 | 2017-01-11 | AGC Glass Europe | Laminated inorganic and organic glass diffused lighting panel |
FR2994889B1 (fr) * | 2012-09-04 | 2014-11-21 | Saint Gobain | Vitrage eclaire avec intercalaire de feuilletage imprime |
GB201306726D0 (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-05-29 | Pilkington Group Ltd | A glazing |
FR3034500A1 (fr) * | 2015-04-03 | 2016-10-07 | Saint Gobain | Vitrage lumineux de vehicule automobile et vehicule automobile avec un tel vitrage |
FR3045506B1 (fr) * | 2015-12-16 | 2017-12-22 | Saint Gobain | Pare-brise feuillete de vehicule avec signaletique lumineuse interne. |
FR3045505B1 (fr) * | 2015-12-16 | 2017-12-22 | Saint Gobain | Pare-brise feuillete de vehicule avec signaletique lumineuse interne. |
US10556821B2 (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2020-02-11 | Guardian Glass, LLC | Laminated window including different glass substrates with low-E coating adjacent vehicle or building interior and/or methods of making the same |
CO2017009260A1 (es) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-01-31 | Agp America Sa | Ventanas de vidrio con una banda de oscurecimiento laminada insertada |
WO2019008471A1 (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-01-10 | Agp America S.A. | LAMINATED PANORAMIC ROOF WITH IMPROVED AESTHETICS |
MA52167A (fr) * | 2018-03-26 | 2021-02-17 | Saint Gobain | Aspect optique amélioré d'une vitre de véhicule à cristaux liquides dispersés dans des polymères (pdlc) par association d'empilements intérieurs et extérieurs foncés |
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US20220381418A1 (en) | 2022-12-01 |
CN113677521A (zh) | 2021-11-19 |
WO2020201973A1 (en) | 2020-10-08 |
DE112020001639T5 (de) | 2021-12-23 |
US20220018516A1 (en) | 2022-01-20 |
US11619364B2 (en) | 2023-04-04 |
US11421852B2 (en) | 2022-08-23 |
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