CN100532432C - 倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡 - Google Patents
倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN100532432C CN100532432C CNB2005800111003A CN200580011100A CN100532432C CN 100532432 C CN100532432 C CN 100532432C CN B2005800111003 A CNB2005800111003 A CN B2005800111003A CN 200580011100 A CN200580011100 A CN 200580011100A CN 100532432 C CN100532432 C CN 100532432C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sio
- wax
- silsesquioxane resin
- resin wax
- silsesquioxane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 10
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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Abstract
公开了倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡组合物,其制备方法和在个人、家庭、机动车和医疗护理用组合物中的用途。倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡也可用于各种油气田应用,例如原油的蜡控制。
Description
发明领域
[0001]本发明涉及倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡组合物,其制备方法,以及在个人、家庭、机动车和医疗护理用组合物中的用途。该倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡也可在各种油和气田应用中,例如在原油蜡的控制中使用。
发明背景
[0002]通式RnSiO(4-n)/2的硅氧烷树脂(其中R是烷基和n通常小于1.8)是一组重要的聚硅氧烷聚合物,因为它在许多商业应用,例如粘合剂组合物和涂料应用中使用。发现被称为MQ树脂的硅氧烷树脂(因为它们主要包括通式R3SiO1/2的“M”单元和通式SiO2的“Q”单元)的一个特别的亚组在化妆配方中是有用的。特别地,MQ树脂常用于“延长的磨耗(extended wear)”或“抗转移(transfer resistant)”化妆配方中。在这些配方中,在施加之后,MQ树脂提高颜料或其它配方活性成分对皮肤的亲和性,从而产生比较长久,和因此延长的磨耗产品。
[0003]在US6071503、US6074654、US6139823、US6340466、WO97/17058和WO97/17059中可找到使用MQ树脂的抗转移化妆组合物的代表性实例,这些专利公开了含有机硅氧烷树脂和流体二有机硅氧烷树脂与挥发性载体的结合物的组合物。
[0004]通式RSiO3/2的倍半硅氧烷树脂因各种功能还在个人护理配方中用作添加剂。例如,在Halloran的美国专利5733537中教导了用作发型固定剂的非极性倍半硅氧烷树脂。Legrow的美国专利申请公开20030086888公开了在用于个人护理的留存型组合物中使用的三甲基甲硅烷基烷基倍半硅氧烷。最近,与本申请相同受让人提交的美国临时申请60/514001和60/541002公开了MQ-丙基树脂组合物和在各种个人护理配方中的用途。此外,与本申请相同受让人提交的美国临时申请60/553450公开了在各种个人护理应用中使用的烷基-苯基倍半硅氧烷树脂。
[0005]尽管这些参考文献代表本领域的进展,但仍需要在皮肤护理配方中使用的改进的硅氧烷树脂,它提供化妆品配方延长的耐久性,而且提供其它功能益处,例如保湿、吸留和改进的触感。此外,需要具有蜡状特征、但在常用的个人护理溶剂(其中包括挥发性聚硅氧烷)中仍拥有溶解度的硅氧烷树脂。
[0006]本发明人已发现通过在倍半硅氧烷树脂内掺入两种不同的烃基的改进的硅氧烷树脂。第一种烃基具有1-8个碳原子,和第二种烃基具有9-40个碳原子。与化妆成分和香料中的其它聚硅氧烷蜡相比,所得硅氧烷树脂(此处称为倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡)在局部施加到皮肤上之后,改进化妆品的耐久性和亲和性,改进彩色化妆配方,例如蓖麻油基口红的不转移性,和改进相容性,同时还提供其它功能优势,例如保湿、吸留和改进的触感。这些倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡也可在油包水和水包油乳液中充当质地和流变学改性剂。可调节倍半硅氧烷树脂的熔点和总的烃含量,以提供个人护理配方各种美学优势。倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡也可在个人护理配方中使用,以改进香料保留和活性成分的输送。
发明概述
[0007]本发明涉及倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡,其包括至少40mol%具有通式(R2R′SiO1/2)x(R″SiO3/2)y的甲硅烷氧基单元,其中x和y的数值为0.05-0.95,R是具有1-8个碳原子的烷基、芳基、醇(carbinol)基或氨基,R′是具有9-40个碳原子的单价烃基,R″是具有1-8个碳原子的单价烃基或芳基。
[0008]可将本发明的组合物掺入到各种个人、家庭、机动车或医疗护理用组合物中。在局部施加含本发明组合物的配方之后,倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡提高化妆品在皮肤上的耐久性和亲和性。倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡也可用于油气操作中的原石蜡控制上。
发明详述
[0009]本发明涉及倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡,其包括至少40mol%具有通式(R2R′SiO1/2)x(R″SiO3/2)y的甲硅烷氧基单元,其中x和y的数值为0.05-0.95,R是具有1-8个碳原子的烷基、芳基、醇基或氨基,R′是具有9-40个碳原子的单价烃基,R″是具有1-8个碳原子的单价烃基或芳基。此处所使用的x和y代表在倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡内存在的(R2R′SiO1/2)和(R″SiO3/2)甲硅烷氧基单元相对彼此的摩尔分数。因此,(R2R′SiO1/2)和(R″SiO3/2)甲硅烷氧基单元的摩尔分数各自可独立地从0.05变化到0.95。典型地,x的值是0.05-0.95,或者0.2-0.8,y的值是0.05-0.95,或者0.2-0.8。然而,所存在的(R2R′SiO1/2)和(R″SiO3/2)甲硅烷氧基单元的结合必需总计为存在于倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡内的所有甲硅烷氧基单元的至少40mol%,或者60mol%,或者90mol%。倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡在室温下可以是液体、软质固体或固体材料。
[0010]倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡可含有额外的甲硅烷氧基单元,例如(i)(R1 3SiO1/2)a,(ii)(R2 2SiO2/2)b,(iii)(R3SiO3/2)c或(iv)(SiO4/2)d单元,它们在本领域中常常分别称为M、D、T和Q单元且也在本文使用。存在于倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡内的每一单元的含量可表达为存在于倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡内的所有甲硅烷氧基单元的总摩尔数的摩尔分数。因此,本发明的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡包括下述单元:
(i)(R1 3SiO1/2)a
(ii)(R2 2SiO2/2)b
(iii)(R3SiO3/2)c,
(iv)(SiO4/2)d
(v)(R2R′SiO1/2)x,和
(vi)(R″SiO3/2)y,
其中
R、R1、R2和R3独立地为具有1-8个碳原子的烷基、芳基、醇基或氨基,
R′是具有9-40个碳原子的单价烃基,
R″是具有1-8个碳原子的单价烃基,
a、b、c和d的值为0-0.6,
x和y的值为0.05-0.95,
条件是x+y的值等于或大于0.40,和a+b+c+d+x+y=1。
[0011]R′可以是具有9-40个碳原子的任何直链或支链单价烃基。或者,R′是C18-C40烃基。R″可以是甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基或芳基。或者,R″是丙基。
[0012]在本发明的一个实施方案中,选择R′和y/x之比,使得倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡的熔点大于30℃。
[0013]在倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡的单元内的R、R1、R2和R3独立地为具有1-8个碳原子的烷基、芳基、醇基、氨基、或季铵基。烷基可例举甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基和辛基。芳基可例举苯基、萘基、苄基、甲苯基、二甲苯基、联苯基、甲基苯基、2-苯乙基、2-苯丙基(α-甲基苯乙烯)、2-苯基-2-甲基乙基、氯代苯基、溴代苯基和氟代苯基,其中芳基典型地为苯基。
[0014]为了本发明的目的,“醇基”定义为含有至少一个与碳键合的羟基(COH)的任何基团。因此,醇基可含有大于一个COH基,例如
[0015]不含芳基的醇基具有至少3个碳原子,或者含有芳基的醇基具有至少6个碳原子。具有至少3个碳原子的不含芳基的醇基可例举具有通式R4OH的基团,其中R4是具有至少3个碳原子的二价烃基,或者具有至少3个碳原子的二价烃氧基。R4基可例举亚烷基,例如-(CH2)x-,其中x的值为3-10,-CH2CH(CH3)-、-CH2CH(CH3)CH2-、-CH2CH2CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH2CH2-和-OCH(CH3)(CH2)x-,其中x的值为1-10。
[0016]具有至少6个碳原子的含芳基的醇基可例举具有通式R5OH的基团,其中R5是亚芳基,例如-(CH2)xC6H4-,其中x的值为0-10,-CH2CH(CH3)(CH2)xC6H4-,其中x的值为0-10,-(CH2)xC6H4(CH2)x-,其中x的值为1-10。含芳基的醇基典型地具有6-14个原子。
[0017]氨基可例举具有通式-R6NH2或-R6NHR7NH2的基团,其中R6是具有至少2个碳原子的二价烃基,和R7是具有至少2个碳原子的二价烃基。R6基典型地为具有2-20个碳原子的亚烷基。R6可例举亚乙基、亚丙基、-CH2CHCH3-、亚丁基、-CH2CH(CH3)CH2-、亚戊基、亚己基、3-乙基亚己基、亚辛基和亚癸基。
[0018]R7典型地为具有2-20个碳原子的亚烷基。R7可例举亚乙基、亚丙基、-CH2CHCH3-、亚丁基、-CH2CH(CH3)CH2-、亚戊基、亚己基、3-乙基亚己基、亚辛基和亚癸基。
[0019]典型的氨基是-CH2CH2CH2NH2和-CH2(CH3)CHCH2(H)NCH3、-CH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2、-CH2CH2NH2、-CH2CH2NHCH3、-CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2、-(CH2CH2NH)3H和-CH2CH2NHCH2CH2NHC4H9。
[0020]典型地,R是甲基,R1是甲基,R2是甲基或苯基,和R3是甲基。
[0021]倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡中的任何单独的D、T或Q硅氧烷单元也可含有羟基和/或烷氧基。常常在具有通式RnSiO(4-n)/2的硅氧烷树脂中发现含有羟基和/或烷氧基的这种硅氧烷单元。在这些硅氧烷树脂中的羟基典型地来自于在硅氧烷单元上的可水解基团与水的反应。当使用烷氧基硅烷前体时,烷氧基来自于部分水解,或者来自于醇与可水解基团的交换。典型地,存在于倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡中的全部羟基的重量百分数为最多10%。典型地,存在于倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡中的全部烷氧基的重量百分数为最多20%。
[0022]不限制倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡的分子量,但典型地数均分子量(MN)范围为750-10,000,或者1,000-5,000。
[0023]可通过本领域已知的制备具有通式RnSiO(4-n)/2的硅氧烷树脂的任何一种方法,来制备本发明的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡,其中R是烷基或芳基,n通常小于1.8。或者,可通过下文所述的方法制备倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡。
[0024]本发明的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡可例举:
含下述单元的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡:
(R2CnH(2n+1)SiO1/2)x,其中n=9-40
(CH3CH2CH2SiO3/2)y
含下述单元的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡:
(R2CnH(2n+1)SiO1/2)x,其中n=9-40
(CH3CH2CH2SiO3/2)y
((CH3)3SiO1/2)a,
含下述单元的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡:
(R2CnH(2n+1)SiO1/2)x,其中n=9-40
(CH3CH2CH2SiO3/2)y
((CH3)2SiO2/2)b,
含下述单元的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡:
(R2CnH(2n+1)SiO1/2)x,其中n=9-40
(CH3CH2CH2SiO3/2)y
((CH3)SiO3/2)c,
含下述单元的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡:
(R2CnH(2n+1)SiO1/2)x,其中n=9-40
(CH3CH2CH2SiO3/2)y
(SiO4/2)d
含下述单元的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡:
(R2CnH(2n+1)SiO1/2)x,其中n=9-40
(CH3CH2CH2SiO3/2)y
((CH3)3SiO1/2)a,
(SiO4/2)d
含下述单元的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡:
(R2CnH(2n+1)SiO1/2)x,其中n=9-40
(CH3CH2CH2SiO3/2)y
((CH3)3SiO1/2)a,
((CH3)SiO3/2)c,
含下述单元的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡:
(R2CnH(2n+1)SiO1/2)x,其中n=9-40
(CH3CH2CH2SiO3/2)y
((CH3)3SiO1/2)a,
((CH3)2SiO2/2)b,
含下述单元的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡:
(R2CnH(2n+1)SiO1/2)x,其中n=9-40
(CH3CH2CH2SiO3/2)y
((CH3)2SiO2/2)b,
((CH3)SiO3/2)c,
含下述单元的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡:
(R2CnH(2n+1)SiO1/2)x,其中n=9-40
(CH3CH2CH2SiO3/2)y
((CH3)2SiO2/2)b,
(SiO4/2)d
含下述单元的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡:
(R2CnH(2n+1)SiO1/2)x,其中n=9-40
(CH3CH2CH2SiO3/2)y
((CH3)SiO3/2)c,
(SiO4/2)d
含下述单元的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡:
(R2CnH(2n+1)SiO1/2)x,其中n=9-40
(CH3CH2CH2SiO3/2)y
((CH3)3SiO1/2)a,
((CH3)2SiO2/2)b,
((CH3)SiO3/2)c,和
(SiO4/2)d
含下述单元的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡:
(R2CnH(2n+1)SiO1/2)x,其中n=9-40
(CH3CH2CH2SiO3/2)y
(C6H5SiO3/2)c,
含下述单元的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡:
(R2CnH(2n+1)SiO1/2)x,其中n=9-40
(CH3CH2CH2SiO3/2)y
((CH3)(C6H5)SiO2/2)b,
其中a、b、c和d的值为0-0.4,x和y的值为0.05-0.95,
条件是x+y的值等于或大于0.40,和a+b+c+d+x+y=1,
和R等于具有1-8个碳原子的烷基,芳基,醇基或氨基。
[0025]在所有以上例举的通式中,R′基表示为在M甲硅烷氧基单元上。在本发明的另一实施方案中,R′基可以在D或者在T甲硅烷氧基单元上。
[0026]本发明还提供制备倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡的方法。该方法包括使下述物质反应:
A)含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂,
B)C9-C40乙烯基封端的烃,
C)氢化硅烷化催化剂,和任选地
D)溶剂。
[0027]通过下述通用流程表示该反应:
其中m=6-37,和a、x、y、R和R″如上定义。
[0028]可通过本领域制备这种树脂已知的任何一种方法,来制备组分A),含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂,但典型地通过两种技术之一来制备。在第一种技术中,使具有存在于烷基硅烷分子内的三个可水解基团(例如卤素或烷氧基)的烷基硅烷与含氢的硅烷或硅氧烷共水解。例如,可通过烷基三烷氧基硅烷(例如丙基三甲氧基硅烷)与四甲基二硅氧烷的酸催化反应,获得含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂。在第二种技术中,用预形成的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂平衡含SiH的硅烷或硅氧烷。例如,四甲基二硅氧烷可与丙基倍半硅氧烷树脂反应,得到含SiH的丙基倍半硅氧烷树脂。
[0029]可在丙基硅烷和SiH硅烷或硅氧烷的共水解过程中,通过使在所得树脂中产生所需的烷氧基单元而选择的额外的有机硅烷反应,将上文所述的额外的M、D、T和Q单元掺入到含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂前体内,从而将这些单元引入到倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡内。例如,使甲氧基三甲基硅烷、二甲氧基二甲基硅烷、三甲氧基甲基硅烷、四甲氧基硅烷(或者各自相应的乙氧基或氯代硅烷)反应,分别将M、D、T或Q单元引入到含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂内。选择存在于共水解反应内的这些额外的硅烷的用量,以满足上文所述的摩尔分数定义。
[0030]或者,可采用使M、D、T和Q硅氧烷单元反应的本领域已知的任何一种方法,通过使预形成的烷基倍半硅氧烷、含SiH的硅烷或硅氧烷和含各种M、D、T和Q单元的其它硅氧烷反应,制备含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂。
[0031]在氢化硅烷化催化剂存在下,使含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂与组分B)乙烯基封端的烃反应。典型地,乙烯基封端的烃的通式为H2C=CH(CH2)mCH3,其中m为6-37。可使用被称为α-烯烃的具有6-40个碳原子的乙烯基封端的烃或其共混物。乙烯基封端的烃可例举例如Amoco Chemical Company的α-烯烃产品,Chevron PhillipsChemical Company的α烯烃C20-24、C24-28、C26-28、C30+、C30+HA,和MitsuiChemicals America,Inc 。
[0032]乙烯基封端的烃和含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂的用量可变化,但典型地相对于在氢化硅烷化反应中含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂的用量,摩尔过量地使用乙烯基封端的烃,以确保该反应中所有的SiH完全反应。或者,相对于含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂的用量,摩尔过量30%或者10%地使用乙烯基封端的烃。
[0033]氢化硅烷化催化剂可例举促进含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂中的与硅键合的氢原子同乙烯基封端的烃中的端基乙烯基反应的任何含金属的催化剂。金属可例举钌、铑、钯、锇、铱或铂。
[0034]含金属的催化剂典型地为含铂的催化剂,这是因为它们最广泛地使用且可获得,且因为就改进的反应速度来说,它们提供本发明的组合物更有利的效果。含铂的催化剂可以是铂金属的化合物或络合物。
[0035]在本发明的组合物中一类典型的含铂的催化剂是当氯铂酸与脂族不饱和有机硅化合物(例如二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷)反应时获得的组合物,这是因为它们容易分散在有机硅体系内。
[0036]优选地,氢化硅烷化催化剂选自氯铂酸、醇改性的氯铂酸、氯铂酸的烯烃络合物、氯铂酸和二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷的络合物、吸附在碳载体上的铂颗粒、承载在金属氧化物载体上的铂,例如Pt(Al2O3)、铂黑、乙酰丙酮酸铂、铂(二乙烯基四甲基二硅氧烷)、卤化亚铂(例举PtCl2、PtCl4、Pt(CN)2)、卤化亚铂与不饱和化合物(例举乙烯、丙烯)和有机乙烯基硅氧烷的络合物、苯乙烯六甲基二铂和RhCl3(Bu2S)3。
[0037]不狭窄地限制所使用的氢化硅烷化催化剂的用量,只要存在足以促进在室温下或者在高于室温的温度下乙烯基封端的烃和含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂之间反应的用量即可。这一催化剂的确切的必需用量取决于所使用的特定催化剂,且不容易预测。然而,对于含铂的催化剂来说,用量可低至1重量份的铂/百万重量份乙烯基封端的烃和含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂组分。可添加用量为1-120重量份/百万份乙烯基封端的烃和含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂组分的催化剂,但典型地添加2-60重量份/百万份乙烯基封端的烃和含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂。
[0038]可在无溶剂存在下进行氢化硅烷化反应或者在D)溶剂存在下进行。溶剂可以是醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇或正丙醇,酮,例如丙酮、甲乙酮或甲基异丁基酮;芳烃,例如苯、甲苯或二甲苯;脂族烃,例如庚烷、己烷或辛烷;二元醇醚,例如丙二醇甲醚、二丙二醇甲醚、丙二醇正丁醚、丙二醇正丙醚或乙二醇正丁醚,卤代烃,例如二氯甲烷、1,1,1-三氯乙烷或二氯甲烷、氯仿、二甲亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、四氢呋喃、石油溶剂、溶剂油或石脑油。
[0039]溶剂的用量可以为最多50重量%,但典型地为20-50重量%,所述重量%基于氢化硅烷化反应中各组分的总重量。在氢化硅烷化反应过程中所使用的溶剂随后可以通过各种已知方法从所得倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡中除去。
[0040]倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡可用于各种个人、家庭、机动车或医疗护理用组合物中。该倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡可或者纯粹地使用或者分散在载体内。典型地,载体选自挥发性硅氧烷或有机溶剂。挥发性硅氧烷溶剂可以是环状聚硅氧烷、直链聚硅氧烷、低分子量倍半硅氧烷或Q硅氧烷结构,例如TM3或M4Q,或者上述任何的混合物。一些代表性的挥发性直链聚硅氧烷是六甲基二硅氧烷、八甲基三硅氧烷、十甲基四硅氧烷、十四甲基六硅氧烷和十六甲基七硅氧烷。一些代表性挥发性环状聚硅氧烷是六甲基环三硅氧烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷、十甲基环五硅氧烷和十二甲基环六硅氧烷。有机溶剂可以是醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇或正丙醇,酮,例如丙酮、甲乙酮或甲基异丁基酮;芳烃,例如苯、甲苯或二甲苯;脂族烃,例如庚烷、己烷或辛烷;二元醇醚,例如丙二醇甲醚、二丙二醇甲醚、丙二醇正丁醚、丙二醇正丙醚或乙二醇正丁醚,乙酸酯,例如乙酸乙酯或乙酸丁酯,卤代烃,例如二氯甲烷、1,1,1-三氯乙烷或二氯甲烷、氯仿、二甲亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、四氢呋喃,或者脂族烃,例如石油溶剂、溶剂油、异十二烷、庚烷、己烷或石脑油。典型地,载体是十甲基环五硅氧烷或异十二烷。倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡可以是糊剂、软质固体或也在载体内的固体分散体。
[0041]可在止汗剂、除味剂、润肤霜、皮肤护理露、保湿剂、面部处理剂例如痤疮或皱纹除去剂、个人和面部清洁剂、防晒剂、化妆品、彩色化妆品、粉底、胭脂、口红、唇膏、眼线膏、染眉毛油和粉末中使用该烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡。此外,预期本发明的组合物可与各种其它组分结合以制备下文所述的个人护理或医疗护理用产品。这些组分包括配制这种个人护理和医疗产品常用的聚硅氧烷材料、香料、防腐剂、多元醇,例如甘油和丙二醇、额外的表面活性剂、保湿剂、颜料和粉末、防晒剂、香料、润肤剂、结构剂、增稠剂、电解质、pH控制剂、成膜剂、调理剂、植物性药物(植物提取物)和活性成分,例如维生素及其衍生物、抗氧剂和类似物、氨基酸衍生物、脂质体、止汗剂和除味剂、皮肤漂白剂、皮肤保护剂、自晒黑剂,和用于头发与皮肤的调理剂,例如季类聚合物或氨基官能的硅氧烷。以0.1-20重量份,优选0.5-10重量份,最优选1-5重量份的用量使用这种倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡。
[0042]本发明的组合物也可与许多任选的成分结合:
-具有下述结构的非挥发性聚硅氧烷:
其中n的值足以提供粘度范围为100-10,000mm2/s的聚硅氧烷聚合物。R1和R2可以是含有1-20个碳原子的烷基,或芳基,优选含有1-6个碳原子的烷基,和更优选甲基或苯基。典型地,n的值为20-500,更优选80-375。一些例举的聚硅氧烷聚合物包括聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚二乙基硅氧烷、聚甲基乙基硅氧烷、聚甲基苯基硅氧烷和聚二苯基硅氧烷。
-烷基甲基硅氧烷:这些硅氧烷聚合物通常具有通式Me3SiO[Me2SiO]y[MeRSiO]zSiMe3,其中R是含有6-30个碳原子的烃基,Me代表甲基,和聚合度(DP),即y和z之和,为3-50。可在组合物中使用挥发性和液体的烷基甲基硅氧烷物质。
-硅橡胶纯胶料:聚二有机硅氧烷纯胶料是本领域已知的且可商购。它们通常由在25℃下粘度超过1,000,000厘沲(mm2/s),优选在25℃下大于5,000,000厘沲(mm2/s)的不可溶的聚二有机硅氧烷组成。这些硅橡胶纯胶料典型地以已经分散在合适溶剂内以有助其处理的组合物形式销售。也可作为任选的成分包括超高粘度的硅氧烷。这些超高粘度的硅氧烷典型的运动粘度为在25℃下大于5百万厘沲(mm2/s)至在25℃下约2千万厘沲(mm2/s)。最优选悬浮液形式的这类组合物,和例如公开于美国专利6013682(2000年1月11日)。
-聚硅氧烷聚酰胺:在美国专利5981680(1999年11月9日)中详细地列出了合适的硅氧烷聚酰胺共聚物的代表性组合物。
-有机硅树脂:这些树脂组合物通常是高度交联的聚合硅氧烷。通过掺入三官能和/或四官能硅烷与在制备过程中使用的单官能硅烷和/或双官能硅烷单体,从而获得交联。获得合适的有机硅树脂所要求的交联程度根据在有机硅树脂的制备过程中掺入的具体的硅烷单体单元而变化。一般地,具有充足含量的三官能和四官能硅氧烷单体单元,因此拥有充足交联程度以便干燥成硬质或坚硬膜的任何硅氧烷可考虑适合于用作有机硅树脂。适合于此处应用的可商购的有机硅树脂通常以低粘度挥发性或非挥发性硅氧烷流体的未硬化形式供应。有机硅树脂应当以其非硬化形式,而不是硬化树脂结构形式掺入到本发明的组合物内。
-有机硅弹性体:这种弹性体通常是通过结合具有键合到端基硅原子上的不饱和基团的有机聚硅氧烷和有机氢硅氧烷,然后使其进行至少部分固化而获得的反应产物。合适的弹性体的一个实例是在化妆品工业中以其INCI名称Dimethicone/Vinyl DimethiconeCrosspolymer或Dimethicone Crosspolymer已知的组合物。这些聚硅氧烷弹性体的乳液和悬浮液也可用作组合物中的组分。也可使用用不同有机和无机材料,例如云母和氧化硅涂布的粉末形式的聚硅氧烷弹性体。
-醇流体:在WO03/101412A2中公开了这些材料,且可通常描述为取代的烃基官能的硅氧烷流体或树脂。
-水溶性或水可分散性硅氧烷聚醚组合物:这些也称为聚环氧烷硅氧烷聚合物,硅氧烷聚(氧化烯)共聚物,硅氧烷二元醇共聚物或硅氧烷表面活性剂。这些可以是线形耙式(rake)或接枝类型材料,或者ABA型,其中B是硅氧烷聚合物嵌断,和A是聚(氧化烯)。聚(氧化烯)可由聚氧化乙烯、聚氧化丙烯、或混合聚氧化乙烯/聚氧化丙烯基团组成。其它氧化物,例如氧化丁烯或苯醚也是可以的。
[0043]可以使用硅氧烷乳化剂,以油包水或硅氧烷包水乳液的形式提供本发明的组合物。典型地,硅氧烷包水的乳化剂是非离子乳化剂,且选自聚氧化烯取代的硅氧烷、硅氧烷硅烷醇酰胺、硅氧烷酯和硅氧烷糖苷。合适的硅氧烷基表面活性剂是本领域公知的,且例如公开于US4122029(Gee等人)、US5387417(Rentsch)和US5811487(Schulz等人)中,和包括含有至少一个基本上由RbSiO(4-b)/2硅氧烷单元组成的聚二有机硅氧烷片段的聚二有机硅氧烷聚氧化烯共聚物,其中b的值为0-3(包括端值),相对共聚物内的所有硅氧烷单元中的每个硅,存在平均值约2的R基,R表示选自甲基、乙基、乙烯基、苯基,和将聚氧化烯片段键合到聚二有机硅氧烷片段上的二价基团中的基团,所有R的至少95%是甲基;和至少一个聚氧化烯片段的平均分子量为至少1000且由0-50mol%聚氧丙烯单元和50-100mol%聚氧乙烯单元组成,其中所述聚氧化烯片段中的至少一个端基部分键合到所述聚二有机硅氧烷片段上,没有键合到所述聚二有机硅氧烷片段上的所述聚氧化烯片段的任何端基部分用封端基团来满足;在所述共聚物内聚二有机硅氧烷片段与聚氧化烯片段的重量比的值为2-8。或者,硅氧烷基表面活性剂可以是交联的乳化剂,其中至少两个有机聚硅氧烷-聚氧化烯分子通过交联基团交联,交联的有机聚硅氧烷-聚氧化烯乳化剂具有下述通式:
其中在交联的有机聚硅氧烷-聚氧化烯乳化剂通式中,R是具有2-25个碳原子的脂族基团;R′是不含有可水解键的有机或有机硅氧烷基团;R″是端基;R″′独立地为具有1-25个碳原子的脂族基团;R1独立地选自氢和含有1-3个碳原子的脂族基团;x是整数0-100;c是整数1-5;z是整数0-600;y是整数1-10;x+y+z>40;a是整数4-40;b是整数0-40;a/b>1。在最终组合物内硅氧烷乳化剂的用量可在宽范围内变化,但典型地为0.05-1.5wt%,优选0.1-1wt%,更优选0.15-0.8wt%,最优选0.2-0.6wt%。
[0044]本发明的组合物可包括防晒剂作为任选的或者作为主要的成分。防晒剂包括但不限于:吸收介于290至320纳米,即UV-B区域的紫外光的那些组分,例如对氨基苯甲酸衍生物和肉桂酸酯衍生物,例如乙基己基甲氧基肉桂酸酯;和吸收介于320-400纳米,即UV-A区域的紫外光的那些组分,例如二苯甲酮衍生物和丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰基甲烷衍生物,和亲水组合物,例如苄叉-2-樟脑磺酸衍生物。本发明的化妆品组合物也可含有涂布或未涂布的金属氧化物的颜料或纳米颜料(平均初级粒度通常介于5纳米至100纳米,优选介于10至50纳米),例如氧化钛(无定形或结晶金红石和/或锐钛矿形式)、氧化铁、氧化锌、氧化锆或氧化铈的纳米颜料,这些全部是本身公知的光保护剂且通过物理阻挡(反射和/或散射)UV辐射起作用。此外,标准的涂布剂是氧化铝和/或铝。
[0045]当本发明的组合物是水包油乳液时,它包括制备乳液常用的常见成分,例如,但不限于,本领域制备水包油乳液用公知的非离子表面活性剂。非离子表面活性剂的实例包括聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基苯酚醚、聚氧乙烯月桂醚、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯、聚氧乙烯烷基酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇烷基酯、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、二甘醇、乙氧基化三甲基壬醇和聚氧化烯二醇改性的聚硅氧烷表面活性剂。
[0046]本发明的组合物可包括悬浮剂,例如黄原胶、羧乙烯基聚合物。这些聚合物的实例包括获自B.F.Goodrich Company的Carbopol934、940、941和956。其它合适的悬浮剂包括二(氢化牛油)邻苯二甲酸酰胺,和交联的马来酸酐-甲基乙烯基醚共聚物、纤维素醚衍生物,瓜耳胶、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、羟丙基瓜耳胶、淀粉和淀粉衍生物。合适的增稠剂可例举藻酸钠、阿拉伯胶、聚氧乙烯、瓜耳胶、羟丙基瓜耳胶、乙氧基化醇,例如月桂基聚氧乙烯(4)醚或聚乙二醇400。
[0047]本发明的组合物可进一步含有油或油状组分。此处所使用的术语“油”是指基本上不溶于水且通常与存在于组合物内的任何低分子量聚硅氧烷物质相容的任何材料。当在化妆品或个人护理产品中使用该组合物时,产品组分必需也是化妆可接受的,或者要么满足产品的最终使用的条件。合适的油组分的一些实例包括天然油,例如椰油;烃,例如矿物油和氢化聚异丁烯;脂肪醇,例如辛基十二烷醇;酯,例如苯甲酸C12-C15烷酯;二酯,例如亚丙基二壬酸酯;和三酯,例如三辛酸甘油酯。也可使用低粘度油,例如在25℃下粘度为5-100mPa.s的那些油,其通常由具有诸如RCO-OR′之类的结构的酯组成,其中RCO代表羧酸基和OR′是醇残基。低粘度油的一些实例包括异壬酸异十三烷酯、二庚酸聚乙二醇(4)酯、新戊酸异硬脂酯、新戊酸十三烷酯、辛酸鲸蜡酯、棕榈酸鲸蜡酯、蓖麻酸鲸蜡酯、硬脂酸鲸蜡酯、肉豆蔻酸鲸蜡酯、椰油二辛酸酯/癸酸酯、异硬脂酸癸酯、油酸异癸酯、新戊酸异癸酯、新戊酸异己酯、棕榈酸辛酯、马来酸二辛酯、辛酸十三烷酯、肉豆蔻酸肉豆蔻酯、十八烷醇,和辛基十二烷醇、辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯、异十二烷醇、大豆油、向日葵油、小麦和/或谷类的胚芽油、甜杏仁油、霍霍巴油、鳄梨油、橄榄油、棕榈油、美珊瑚属和蓖麻油的混合物。
[0048]特别是当本发明的组合物打算用于化妆品时,其它添加剂可包括粉末和颜料。本发明的粉末组分通常可定义为粒度为0.02-50微米的干燥粒状物。该粒状物可被着色或者未着色(例如白色)。合适的粉末包括但不限于氯氧化铋、钛酸酯化云母、煅制氧化硅、球形氧化硅珠、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯珠、氮化硼、硅酸铝、淀粉辛烯基琥珀酸铝、膨润土、高岭土、硅酸铝镁、氧化硅、滑石、云母、二氧化钛、高岭土、尼龙、蚕丝粉末。可表面处理以上提及的粉末,使得颗粒本质上疏水。
[0049]粉末组分还包括各种有机和无机颜料。有机颜料通常是各种芳族类型,其中包括偶氮、靛蓝、三苯甲烷、蒽醌,和用D & C和FD&C蓝、褐、绿、橙、红、黄等表示的黄嘌呤染料。无机颜料通常由合乎标准的彩色添加剂的不溶性金属盐(被称为Lakes)或铁的氧化物组成。通常以与着色颜料的混合物形式使用的粉末着色剂,例如炭黑、铬或铁的氧化物,群青、焦磷酸锰、铁蓝和二氧化钛、珠光剂,或者,通常以与着色颜料的混合物形式使用且常用于化妆品工业的一些有机染料可加入到该组合物中。一般地,相对于最终组合物的重量,这些着色剂可以0-20%重量的用量存在。
[0050]也可相对于最终组合物的重量,添加通常用量为0-40wt%的粉末无机或有机填料。这些粉末填料可选自滑石、云母、高岭土、锌或钛氧化物、钙或镁的碳酸盐、氧化硅、球形二氧化钛、玻璃或陶瓷珠、由具有8-22个碳原子的羧酸衍生的金属皂、非膨胀合成聚合物粉末、膨胀粉末和来自于天然有机化合物的粉末,例如谷类淀粉(它可以或者可以不交联),共聚物微球,例如EXPANCEL(NobelIndustrie)、polytrap和有机硅树脂粉末和微珠(例如获自Toshiba的TOSPEARL)。
[0051]可用于本发明组合物的蜡或蜡状材料的熔点范围在大气压下通常为35-120℃。在这一种类内的蜡包括合成蜡、纯地蜡、石蜡、地蜡、蜂蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、微晶蜡、羊毛脂、羊毛脂衍生物、小烛树蜡、可可油、紫胶蜡、鲸蜡、糠蜡(bran wax)、capok wax、甘蔗蜡、褐煤蜡、粗鲸蜡、杨梅蜡或其混合物。在能用作非聚硅氧烷脂肪物质的蜡当中,尤其可提及动物蜡,例如蜂蜡;植物蜡,例如巴西棕榈蜡、小烛树蜡;矿物蜡,例如石蜡或褐煤蜡或微晶蜡,或地蜡;合成蜡,其中包括聚乙烯蜡,和通过费-托合成获得的蜡。在聚硅氧烷蜡当中,尤其可提及聚甲基硅氧烷烷基、烷氧基和/或酯。
[0052]聚硅氧烷倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡也可在止汗剂和除味剂组合物中以下述(但不限于)形式使用:棒、软质固体、滚珠式、气溶胶、手按泵型喷雾。止汗剂和除味剂的一些实例是氯化铝、水合四氯十二羟基铝锆与甘氨酸的配合物、水合四氯十二羟基铝锆与聚乙二醇的配合物、碱式氯化铝与丙二醇或聚乙二醇的配合物、水合四氯十二羟基铝锆与丙二醇的配合物、碱式氯化铝与聚乙二醇(4)的配合物、水合三氯十三羟基铝锆、碱式氯化铝与丙二醇的配合物、水合三氯十三羟基铝锆与甘氨酸的配合物、六氯酚、烷基苄基二甲基氯化铵、水合倍半氯4,5羟基二铝、碳酸氢钠、水合倍半氯4,5羟基二铝与聚乙二醇的配合物、叶绿酸-铜配合物、三氯生、水合八氯二十羟基铝锆、蓖麻酸锌。
[0053]可通过标准方法,例如使用涂敷器、刷子,施加本发明组合物到人体,例如皮肤或头发上,通过手施加,倾倒它们和/或可能地擦拭或按摩该组合物到身体内或者之上,从而使用本发明的组合物。除去方法,例如彩色化妆品的除去方法也是公知的标准方法,其中包括清洗、擦去和剥离等。
[0054]对于在皮肤上使用来说,可按照例如调理皮肤的常规方式,使用本发明的组合物。为此将有效量的组合物施加到皮肤上。这种有效量范围通常为约1mg/cm2-约3mg/cm2。施加到皮肤上典型地包括使该组合物进到皮肤内。施加到皮肤上的这一方法包括使皮肤与有效量的组合物接触,然后将组合物擦拭到皮肤内的步骤。这些步骤可视需要重复许多次,以实现所需的益处。
[0055]在头发上使用本发明的组合物可采用调理头发的常规方式。施加调理头发用有效量的组合物到头发上。这种有效量范围通常为约1g-约50g,优选约1g-约20g。施加到头发上典型地包括使该组合物通过头发,使得大多数或所有的头发与该组合物接触。调理头发的这一方法包括施加有效量的头发护理组合物到头发上,然后使该组合物通过头发的步骤。这些步骤可视需要重复许多次,以实现所需的调理益处。当高含量的聚硅氧烷掺入到本发明的头发护理组合物内时,它可以是末端分叉的头发产品的有用材料。
[0056]可在人类或动物的皮肤上使用本发明的组合物,以例如保湿、着色或通常改进外观或者施加活性成分,例如防晒剂、除味剂、驱虫剂等。
[0057]倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡在局部用配方中尤其可用于提高化妆品的耐久性和亲和性且可用作化妆品的结构剂。它们也可在家庭护理用品,例如抛光剂、蜡、乙烯基树脂(vinyl)和皮革处理剂中,和在原油回收的蜡控制中使用。它们也可在机动车护理用品,例如抛光剂、蜡、乙烯基树脂、皮革和轮胎处理剂和保护剂中使用。
实施例
[0058]列出下述实施例进一步阐述本发明的组合物和方法,但不打算解释为限制本发明。实施例中的所有份数和百分数以重量为基础,且所有的测量在约23℃下进行,除非另有指示。
[0059]用M、D、T和Q表示树脂中存在的甲硅烷氧基单元,来描述这些实施例中的代表性倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡(制备它们的中间体)。上标进一步描述存在于甲硅烷氧基单元上的烷基取代基。此处所使用上标含义如下:Pr是CH3CH2CH2-,H是氢(如≡SiH)。下标描述在树脂内的甲硅烷氧基单元的摩尔分数。
材料
TPr树脂=在甲苯中,71.0wt%的丙基倍半硅氧烷树脂。丙基倍半硅氧烷树脂(此处缩写为TPr)的通式为CH3CH2CH2SiO3/2,且MN为3500和OH基为7wt%,并由水解丙基三氯硅烷制备。
C18烯烃代表H2C=CH(CH2)15CH3 1-辛基癸烯,以从ChevronPhillips Chemical Company,10001 Six Pine Drive,TheWoodlands,TX 77380收到的形式使用。
C20-C24烯烃代表H2C=CH(CH2)20-24CH3,以从Chevron PhillipsChemical Company,10001 Six Pine Drive,The Woodlands,TX 77380收到的形式使用。
C26-C28烯烃代表H2C=CH(CH2)26-28CH3,以从Chevron PhillipsChemical Company,10001 Six Pine Drive,The Woodlands,TX 77380收到的形式使用。
C30+烯烃代表CAS # 260255-62-7,以从Chevron PhillipsChemical Company,10001 Six Pine Drive,The Woodlands,TX 77380收到的形式使用。
实施例1(参考)
由TPr倍半硅氧烷树脂制备MMHTPr树脂
[0060]在配有搅拌器、温度探针、迪安-斯达克分水器和冷凝器的三颈反应烧瓶中引入表1所示比例的T丙基树脂、六甲基二硅氧烷、四甲基二氢二硅氧烷和水。迪安-斯达克分水器预装有甲苯以确保维持固体含量。添加作为催化剂的0.1wt%的三氟甲磺酸到在烧瓶内的反应混合物中。视需要最初采用水浴,维持反应混合物的温度在50℃或低于50℃。当温度稳定时,维持温度在50℃下3小时。然后,回流加热反应混合物(100-140℃),并视需要借助迪安-斯达克分水器除去水。在除去反应中所形成的所有水之后,使树脂混合物冷却,并添加10x摩尔过量的碳酸钙(9.31g,相对于700微升FC-24),以中和酸催化剂。然后通过压力过滤器过滤树脂混合物,并借助旋转蒸发仪除去挥发物。
表1
实施例# | T<sup>Pr</sup>树脂的wt% | 六甲基二硅氧烷的wt% | 四甲基二氢二硅氧烷的wt% | Me<sub>3</sub>Si与Me<sub>2</sub>HSi二硅氧烷之比 | 水的wt% |
1-1 | 77.4 | 16.5 | 1.5 | 90:10 | 4.6 |
1-2 | 78.3 | 9.3 | 7.7 | 50:50 | 4.7 |
1-3 | 79.6 | 0 | 15.6 | 0:100 | 4.8 |
1-4 | 77.6 | 14.7 | 3.1 | 80:20 | 4.6 |
实施例2(参考)
由丙基三甲氧基硅烷制备MMHTPr树脂
[0061]在配有搅拌器、温度探针、滴液漏斗和冷凝器的三颈反应烧瓶中引入表2所示比例的丙基三甲氧基硅烷、六甲基二硅氧烷、四甲基二氢二硅氧烷和FC-24催化剂。然后借助滴液漏斗添加水。通过调节水的添加和视需要使用水浴,维持温度低于50℃。在添加水之后,维持温度在50℃下3小时。然后将所得两相反应混合物置于分液漏斗中,分离水相与树脂相。添加足量的庚烷,以辅助分离过量水与树脂。然后将所收集的树脂相放回到三颈烧瓶内,并添加10x摩尔过量的碳酸钙,以中和任何残留的酸催化剂。还添加水,以除去存在的任何甲氧基,采用迪安-斯达克分水器原地加热回流该混合物(100-140℃),以除去痕量的水和庚烷。在冷却之后,添加硫酸镁,以除去存在的任何水。最后,使树脂穿过压力过滤器。
表2
实施例#Me<sub>3</sub>与Me<sub>2</sub>H之比 | 丙基三甲氧基硅烷的wt% | 六甲基二硅氧烷的wt% | 四甲基二氢二硅氧烷的wt% | FC-24的wt% | 水的wt% |
2-1(0:100) | 47.3 | 0 | 21.6 | 0.01 | 31.1 |
2-2(50:50) | 46.2 | 12.7 | 10.6 | 0.01 | 30.5 |
实施例3
由MMHTPr树脂制备TPr树脂蜡
[0062]这一实施例描述了制备本发明的代表性倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡所使用的工序。下表3中示出了所使用的配方和烯烃蜡的说明。
[0063]向配有搅拌器、温度探针和冷凝器的三颈反应烧瓶中引入硅氧烷树脂(如参考实施例1或2制备)和充足的庚烷以降低粘度。然后加热内容物到60-70℃。然后添加烯烃蜡到反应烧瓶中,接着添加铂催化剂。在最初的放热之后,维持温度在120℃下3-4小时,之后检测蜡中的Si-H。所得蜡的熔点通过DSC表征,并如下表4所示。
对比例C-1
向配有搅拌器、温度探针和冷凝器的三颈反应烧瓶中引入烯烃蜡。然后加热内容物到75-85℃,并添加铂催化剂。然后通过滴液漏斗添加甲基氢直链硅氧烷流体到反应中,在最初的放热之后,维持温度在120℃下3-4小时,并检测蜡中的Si-H。表3中示出了所使用的配方。
表3
实施例#(所使用的树脂,所使用的蜡) | T<sup>Pr</sup>Si-H树脂的wt% | Si-H流体的wt% | 蜡的wt% | 铂催化剂的wt% |
C-1 | 6.5 | 94.3 | 0.02 | |
1-1,C30+ | 91.72 | 8.28 | 0.02 | |
1-1,C18 | 95.79 | 4.21 | 0.02 | |
1-2,C30+ | 65.84 | 34.16 | 0.02 | |
1-2,C18 | 79.85 | 20.15 | 0.02 | |
1-3,C30+ | 46.84 | 53.16 | 0.02 | |
1-3,C18 | 64.42 | 35.58 | 0.02 | |
2-1,C20-24 | 31.67 | 68.53 | 0.02 | |
2-1,C26-28 | 24.73 | 75.27 | 0.02 | |
2-1,C30+ | 21.33 | 78.67 | 0.02 |
表4
实施例# | 熔点,℃ |
C-1 | 70 |
1-1,C30+ | 6,44 |
1-1,C18 | -63 |
1-2,C30+ | 34,45 |
1-2,C18 | -46,-11 |
1-3,C30+ | NA |
1-3,C18 | 56 |
2-1,C20-24 | 34 |
2-1,C26-28 | 56 |
2-1,C30+ | 66 |
实施例4
与C-1相比,倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡具有与挥发性聚硅氧烷改进的相容性,同时保持其与其它化妆品成分的相容性,正如表5所示。
表5:与化妆品成分的相容性
C=相容,NC=不相容
实施例5
倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡与溶剂和香料组分,例如环二甲基硅酮、苯甲醛、乙酸苄酯和苯氧基乙醇的相容性大于烷基甲基聚硅氧烷蜡,C-1。因此,该倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡比C-1更适合于增稠聚硅氧烷基体系。此外,它与一些香料组分改进的相容性对香料保留具有潜在影响。表6概述了所测试的代表性实施例。
表6:与香料的相容性
M=混溶,NM-不混溶
倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡与溶剂和香料组分,例如环二甲基硅酮、苯甲醛、乙酸苄酯和苯氧基乙醇的相容性大于烷基甲基聚硅氧烷蜡,C-1。因此,该倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡比C-1更适合于增稠聚硅氧烷基体系。此外,它与一些香料组分改进的相容性对香料保留具有潜在影响。
实施例6
水包油和油包水乳液的流变学改性剂
表6:含有水包油乳液的防晒剂
成分 | 对照,0%树脂蜡 | 2-1,30+ | |
A相 | |||
Parsol MCX | 乙基己基甲氧基肉桂酸酯 | 4.0% | 4.0% |
Cithrol GMS/SE(croda) | 硬脂酸甘油酯 | 3.0% | 3.0% |
Myritol 312 | 辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯 | 4.0% | 4.0% |
Sepicide HB | 0.5% | 0.5% | |
倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡(2-1,30+)或C-1 | C30+ | 2.0% | |
B相 | |||
Amphisol K | 鲸蜡基磷酸钾 | 2.0% | 2.0% |
C相 | |||
Carbopol 980(溶液1%) | Carbomer | 10.0% | 10.0% |
丙二醇 | 3.5% | 3.5% | |
KOH溶液10% | 适量pH7 | 适量pH7 | |
蒸馏水 | 31 | 37 | |
D相 | |||
Dow Corning 245 | 环五硅氧烷 | 6% | 4.0% |
E相 | |||
水 | 30% | 3300% | |
粘度 | 4700cPs | 11,600cPs |
工序:
1.将A相的成分混合在一起并加热到75℃
2.将C相的成分混合在一起并加热到75℃
3.将B相加入到A相中,确保温度维持在75℃下
4.在高搅拌下,将C相加入到A+B相中。当添加完成时,停止加热
5.当温度低于50℃时,在高搅拌下,添加D相到上述中
6.在高速搅拌下,添加E相到上述中
视需要调节pH到7,并补偿因加热导致的水损失。
表7:油包水乳液
材料 | Wt% |
油相 | |
Dow Corning 245 | 10.0 |
Dow Corning 5225C | 10.0 |
倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡 | 2.0 |
香料 | 0.5 |
水相 | |
甘油 | 5.0 |
NaCl | 1.0 |
DI水 | 72.5 |
[0064]工序:
在DC245内熔融蜡,并添加该热的混合物到DC5225C中,同时采用双刀片混合。混合直到分散。增加混合速度到1376RPM,同时添加水相(水、NaCl和甘油)。在10分钟内添加水相。混合额外10分钟。
含有树脂蜡的霜的粘度:80,000cPs
对照霜的粘度(没有树脂蜡):50,500cPs
这些实施例表明,倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡,通过增加水包油和油包水体系二者的粘度,充当流变学改性剂。
实施例7
水包油和油包水霜的质地改性剂
使用质地分析仪,比较表6和7中所述的水包油和油包水乳液和它们的对照物的下述参数:硬度、压缩性、粘合性和内聚性。
设备:
质地分析仪
稳定的微型体系
软件:Texture Expert Exceed
所使用的探针:0.5半球形不锈钢
工序:在分析中,将探针机械地浸到润肤霜内,以恒定的速度穿透到霜内10mm的深度(两次浸渍以缓慢的速度和两次浸渍以快的速度),并使探针返回到起始点。通过在霜内重复探针穿透2次,以压缩模式测量力。在相同霜的两个其它样品(40gr)上重复这一实验。对于每一霜获得三个结果。
使用宏观数据分析,获得下述信息:
-根据第一压痕的峰值压缩力得到关于霜的硬度的信息
-在第一压痕曲线下的面积给出关于霜的压缩性的信息
-在收回(withdrawal)曲线下的面积给出关于霜的粘合性的信息
-在第二压痕曲线下的面积除以在第一压痕曲线下的面积给出关于霜的内聚性的信息
表8:质地分析仪结果:
概述:对于改进的稳定性来说,与对照霜相比,添加树脂蜡显著增加乳液的硬度和压缩性,但没有增加内聚性,从而允许霜在皮肤上良好的铺展性。对于最小的膜残渣和低的粘性来说,对粘合性的影响是最小的。
实施例8
防晒剂水包油乳液
表9:防晒剂:油包水乳液
工序:
1.混合A相的成分并在缓慢搅拌(200RPM)下加热到60℃
2.就在乳化之前添加B相到A相中
3.在另一烧杯内混合C相的成分并加热到60℃
4.在非常强力的搅拌(1900RPM)下,非常缓慢地添加C相到A+B相内
5.当添加完成时,在搅拌下保持额外5分钟,并流经均化器。
实施例9
在物理防晒剂内的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡的配方
表10:物理防晒剂配方
工序:
1.混合A相的成分并在缓慢搅拌(200RPM)下加热到60℃
2.在另一烧杯内混合B相的成分并加热到60℃
3.在非常强力的搅拌(1900RPM)下,非常缓慢地添加B相到A相内
4.当添加完成时,在搅拌下保持额外5分钟,并流经均化器。
实施例10
倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡和维生素的配方
表11:维生素配方
工序:
1.混合除了维生素A棕榈酸酯以外的A相成分并均化,并在缓慢搅拌(200RPM)下加热到60℃
2.在另一烧杯内混合B相的成分并加热到60℃
3.在非常强力的搅拌(1900RPM)下,非常缓慢地添加B相到A相内
4.当添加完成时,添加维生素A棕榈酸酯,并在搅拌下保持额外5分钟,且流经均化器。
实施例11
具有倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡的粉底霜
表12:粉底霜的配方
工序:
1.混合A相的成分并使用高剪切混合器均化
2.加热A相到60℃,并添加倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡,当熔融时,添加B相的其余成分
3.在另一烧杯内混合C相的成分并加热到60℃
4.在非常强力的搅拌(1900RPM)下,非常缓慢地添加C相到A+B相内
5.当添加完成时,在搅拌下保持额外5分钟,并流经均化器。
实施例12
口红配方
表13:环五硅氧烷基口红的配方
产品 | % | |
A相 | ||
白色地蜡 | 4 | |
Cerilla G | 小烛树蜡 | 11 |
Eutanol G | 辛基十二烷醇 | 25 |
Dow Corning 245 | 环五硅氧烷 | 5 |
倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡(2-1,C30+)或C-1 | C30+ | 5 |
凡士林(vaselium) | 4 | |
Fluilan | 羊毛脂油 | 9 |
鳄梨油 | 2 | |
Novol | 油醇 | 8 |
颜料共混物 | 27 | |
100 | ||
B相 | ||
Covasll TiO<sub>2</sub> | 5 | |
Dow Corning 245 | 77.5 | |
Covasll red W3801 | 17.5 | |
100 |
工序:
1.加热A相到85℃
2.添加B相
3.将配方倾倒到口红模具内
4.置于冷冻器内60分钟
5.从模具中取出
表14:蓖麻油基口红配方
工序:
1.加热A相到85℃
2.添加B相
3.倾倒到口红模具内
4.置于冷冻器内60分钟
5.从模具中取出
口红的抗转移性测试
工序:为了比较2个配方,要求14个专家小组成员(在每个前臂上进行一个比较)。专家小组成员必须评价不同的标准:
1.施加的容易程度:通过在其非主要的手的背部上每人划一条线,询问专家小组成员他/她本人施加口红的情况并说明哪一个是最容易施加的产品。
2.非转移性:操作者经10秒在2个口红点上施加显微镜载片;然后专家小组成员说明他/她认为哪一个产品在载片上的转移最小。
若14个专家小组成员中的13个选择A,则在0.1%的显著水平下存在差别。
若14个专家小组成员中的12个选择A,则在1%的显著水平下存在差别。
若14个专家小组成员中的11个选择A,则在5%的显著水平下存在差别。
表15:口红配方的非转移结果
概述
倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡与C-1一样容易掺入到这两个口红配方内。与C-1相比,具有倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡的环五硅氧烷基口红显示出优异的容易施加性,和蓖麻油基口红显示出优异的非转移性能。
实施例13
家庭或机动车护理用产品
在溶剂中以10%固体提供倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡样品,并施加到铝板和乙烯基树脂正方形上,并测试摩擦系数(CoF)、接触角和光泽。
表16:在铝上薄膜的光泽与CoF
实施例#* | 外观 | 静态CoF** | 动态CoF** | 20°光泽 | 60°光泽 | 85°光泽 |
2-1,C30+ | 均匀的涂层/白色蜡状膜/干燥 | 0.848 | 0.777 | 2.7 | 5.4 | 2.7 |
2-1,C26-28 | 均匀的涂层/白色蜡状膜/干燥 | 0.52 | 0.452 | 4.2 | 9.4 | 6.2 |
2-1,C20-24 | 干燥/白色/蜡状膜 | 0.784 | 0.681 | 7.0 | 16.2 | 50.7 |
*由在溶剂内10%的溶液施加并使之干燥
表17:在施加到铝板上的薄膜上各种液体的接触角
实施例#* | 分散(dyne/cm) | 极性(dyne/cm) | 表面能(dyne/cm) | H<sub>2</sub>O(度) | 甲碘化物(度) | 十六烷(度) |
1-1.C30+ | 21.2 | 5.8 | 27 | 97.83 | 81.33 | 27.17 |
1-1,C18 | 23.7 | 2.2 | 25.9 | 100.33° | 84° | 35.17° |
2-1,C30+ | 22.6 | 0.1 | 22.7 | 116.5° | 73.5° | <15° |
2-1,C26-28 | 26.6 | 3.2 | 29.8 | 98.83° | 57.29° | 25.33° |
2-1,C20-24 | 27.1 | 3.5 | 30.6 | 96.33 | 56.17 | 22.33 |
*由在溶剂内10%的溶液施加并使之干燥
表18:在乙烯基树脂上薄膜的光泽
实施例#* | 外观 | 20°光泽 | 60°光泽 | 85°光泽 |
2-1,C30+ | 干燥蜡状触感/消光/均匀 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 2.3 |
2-1,C26-28 | 白色/消光/没有粘性 | 0.4 | 3.3 | 4.9 |
2-1,C20-24 | 消光/蜡状触感 | 0.5 | 4.5 | 6.1 |
Dow Corning 200Fluid,350cSt | 有光泽,多油 | 2 | 17.1 | 23.9 |
*由在溶剂内10%的溶液施加并使之干燥
光泽、接触角和CoF的试验方法:
通过肉眼观察,并采用Gardner Tri-Gloss Meter,测量20°、60°、80°光泽,表征所得膜。
使用Advanced Surface Technology Inc.,USA的VCA 2000视频接触角设备(也称为测角计),测量表面能和接触角。在膜和以下三种探针液体的界面处测量接触角:去离子水、试剂级二碘甲烷和试剂级十六烷。探针液体以单一液滴(~0.1-0.2微升)形式由以与膜表面成一定角度安装的注射器输送。立即捕获数码图像并测量接触角。报道每一液体三滴的平均值。根据三个探针液体接触角,使用Owens/Wendt方法或者SE 2000软件上的几何方法程序,计算表面能。
使用获自Testing Machines,Inc.的Monitor Slip and FrictionTester,Model 32-06,获得摩擦系数(COF)测量结果。将3英寸×6英寸的铝板置于夹具下。在重量为200g的“B”滑板(sled)下固定四层沙罩。在6英寸/分钟下进行测量,其中头2英寸的实验测量结果提供静态COF和其余测量动态COF。结果报道为在同一样品上三次试验的平均。
当从溶剂中供应并施加到铝板上时,倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡产生滑动,这通过CoF可看出,所述滑动可涉及低的转移和防粘连。另外,接触角和CoF是可变的且可基于倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡的组成来控制。当施加到乙烯基树脂基底上时,效果可以是无粘性的消光面层和美妙的触感。在一些机动车的乙烯基树脂处理中,这一性能可能是有利的。当倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡用作表面涂层的添加剂时,也可提供这些性能。
实施例14
在原油内蜡沉积的抑制
所使用的原油:Medium Gravity、GOM(Gulf of Mexico)原油
测试:标准指形冷冻器试验。其中ΔT为15℉的在105℉下的油。
表19:指形冷冻器试验结果
材料 | 剂量(ppm) | 与没有添加剂的空白相比的抑制% | 备注 |
2-1,C30+ | 150 | 61.9 | 沉积物比空白薄 |
2-1,C30+ | 112 | 51.7 | 沉积物比空白薄 |
1-2,C30+ | 147 | 3.3 | 与空白相比,沉积物柔软,一些探针没有沉积物 |
1-3,C30+ | 150 | 62.0 | 大多数探针没有沉积物 |
1-3,C30+ | 111 | 41.9 | ~50%探针没有沉积物 |
指形冷冻器试验工序:
这一试验的基础是测量沉积在冷表面上的蜡含量,同时维持油在高于浊点的温度下。通过在等温浴内浸渍油容器,维持油的温度。冷表面是在它(指形冷冻器)内部具有循环流体的探针。一旦油处于所需的温度下,则指形冷冻器下降到油容器内。在固定的时间段之后,从油中取出探针,并测量在探针上沉积的蜡含量。在这一实施例中,油温为105℉,和指形冷冻器是15℉(ΔT=15℉)。%抑制是与空白相比较,其中0%=没有抑制和100%=没有蜡沉积。
通过实施例证明,使用倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡可降低蜡的沉积物含量,以及改变可容易除去的所沉积的任何蜡的特征。
Claims (10)
1.一种倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡,其包括至少40mol%具有通式(R2R′SiO1/2)x(R″SiO3/2)y的甲硅烷氧基单元,其中x和y的值为0.05-0.95,R是具有1-8个碳原子的烷基、芳基、醇基或氨基,R′是具有9-40个碳原子的单价烃基,R″是具有1-8个碳原子的单价烃基、或芳基。
2.权利要求1的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡,其中倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡包括下述单元:
(i)(R1 3SiO1/2)a,
(ii)(R2 2SiO2/2)b,
(iii)(R3SiO3/2)c,
(iv)(SiO4/2)d,
(v)(R2R′SiO1/2)x,和
(vi)(R″SiO3/2)y,
其中
R、R1、R2和R3独立地为具有1-8个碳原子的烷基、芳基、醇基或氨基,
R′是具有9-40个碳原子的单价烃基,
R″是具有1-8个碳原子的单价烃基、或芳基,
a、b、c和d的值为0-0.4,
x和y的值为0.05-0.95,
条件是x+y的值等于或大于0.40,
和a+b+c+d+x+y=1。
3.权利要求1的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡,进一步包括:
(C)选自挥发性硅氧烷或有机溶剂的载体。
4.权利要求1的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡,其中选择R′和y/x之比,使得倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡的熔点大于30℃。
5.一种个人护理用产品,其包括权利要求1或3的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡。
6.权利要求5的个人护理用产品,其中该个人护理用产品是保湿霜或露。
7.一种家庭护理用产品,其包括权利要求1或3的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡。
8.一种原油蜡控制用产品,其包括权利要求1或3的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡。
9.一种机动车护理用产品,其包括权利要求1或3的倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡。
10.一种制备倍半硅氧烷树脂蜡的方法,该方法包括使下述物质反应:
A)含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂,
B)C9-C40乙烯基封端的烃,
C)氢化硅烷化催化剂,和任选地
D)溶剂;
其中含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂包括通式(R2HSiO1/2)x(R″SiO3/2)y的甲硅烷氧基单元,其中
R是具有1-8个碳原子的烷基、芳基、醇基或氨基,
R″是具有1-8个碳原子的单价烃基、或芳基,
x和y的值为0.05-0.95,
条件是在含SiH的烷基倍半硅氧烷树脂内x+y的值等于或大于0.40。
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- 2005-04-05 US US10/591,187 patent/US7482419B2/en active Active
- 2005-04-05 WO PCT/US2005/011705 patent/WO2005100444A1/en active IP Right Grant
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Patent Citations (4)
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US5932231A (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1999-08-03 | Pcr, Inc. | High purity branched alkylsilsesquioxane fluids |
US6270561B1 (en) * | 1999-10-15 | 2001-08-07 | American Dye Source, Inc. | Hot melt ink compositions for inkjet printing applications |
CN1417259A (zh) * | 2001-11-05 | 2003-05-14 | 新日铁化学株式会社 | 有机硅树脂组合物及有机硅树脂成型体 |
CN1432590A (zh) * | 2002-01-10 | 2003-07-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 苯基聚倍半硅氧烷预聚体的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1942507A (zh) | 2007-04-04 |
EP1751215A1 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
EP1751215B1 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
ATE371691T1 (de) | 2007-09-15 |
US7482419B2 (en) | 2009-01-27 |
DE602005002269D1 (de) | 2007-10-11 |
JP2007532754A (ja) | 2007-11-15 |
JP4880588B2 (ja) | 2012-02-22 |
US20070149703A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
WO2005100444A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
DE602005002269T2 (de) | 2008-05-29 |
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