CN100473581C - 船舶的燃气供应配置以及控制船舶燃气供应配置中的气压的方法 - Google Patents

船舶的燃气供应配置以及控制船舶燃气供应配置中的气压的方法 Download PDF

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CN100473581C
CN100473581C CNB2004800380787A CN200480038078A CN100473581C CN 100473581 C CN100473581 C CN 100473581C CN B2004800380787 A CNB2004800380787 A CN B2004800380787A CN 200480038078 A CN200480038078 A CN 200480038078A CN 100473581 C CN100473581 C CN 100473581C
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gas
gas supply
storage tank
liquid phase
section
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CN1898125A (zh
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T·马兰恩
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Wartsila Finland Oy
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Wartsila Finland Oy
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/14—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed pressurised
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/002—Storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B63J2099/001—Burning of transported goods, e.g. fuel, boil-off or refuse
    • B63J2099/003—Burning of transported goods, e.g. fuel, boil-off or refuse of cargo oil or fuel, or of boil-off gases, e.g. for propulsive purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
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    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
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    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
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    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
    • F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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Abstract

一种船舶(6)的燃气供应配置(1)，适用于在具有缺量空间区段(4.1)和液相区段(4.2)的货舱(4)中运送液化燃气，并且使用货物作为燃料来为船舶提供能量，该配置包括：第一燃气供应管线(2)，该管线连接货舱的缺量空间区段(4.1)和燃气主要供应管线(7)，并且设置用于将燃气压力升高到足够大小的压缩机(2.1)；以及第二燃气供应管线(3)，该管线连接货舱的液相区段(4.2)和燃气主要供应管线(7)，并且设置用于升高燃气压力并使其向前泵送的至少一个泵(3.1)；第二燃气供应管线(3)另外设置具有缺量空间区段(3.3)和液相区段(3.7)的燃气储槽(3.2)，储槽(3.2)通过第二燃气供应管线(3)的第一导管区段(3.4)连接到货舱的液相区段(4.2)上，并且通过第二燃气供应管线(3)的第二导管区段(3.4)连接到燃气主要供应管线(7)上。本发明还涉及一种相应的方法。

Description

船舶的燃气供应配置以及控制船舶燃气供应配置中的气压的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种船舶的燃气供应配置以及涉及一种控制船舶燃气供应配置中的气压的方法。
背景技术
具有LNG(液化天然气)油轮的推进系统通常利用货物来供能。在油轮中存储的燃气通过使用隔热罐来配置，在隔热罐中形成缺量空间区段和液相区段。油轮中的压力大致在大气压的大小，并且液化燃气的温度是大约负163℃。虽然油轮的隔热极好，逐渐增加的LNG温度造成形成所谓的天然汽化燃气。天然汽化燃气必须去除，以避免油轮中压力的过度增加。天然汽化燃气可在例如推进系统的油轮消耗装置中利用。但是，天然汽化燃气量不足以提供所有情况下所需的所有推进能量，因此船舶必须设置另外的装置来得到额外的所谓汽化燃气的燃气。另外，燃气作为推进能量源的使用对于燃气的压力大小和稳定性存在要求。
例如，在专利公报FR2722760中表示一种配置，其中液化燃气供应到所谓的增压沸腾蒸发器，其中液化燃气蒸发成气态形式，继而与天然汽化燃气相结合。
EP1348620A1表示一种燃气供应设备，其中天然汽化燃气导入压缩机，压缩机在燃气经由供应管线将其供应消耗之前增加燃气的压力。供应天然汽化燃气的能力通过供应管线处的压力来控制。另外，该设备还包括增压沸腾蒸发器，其中事先泵压到较高压力下的液化燃气进行蒸发。在此配置中，增压沸腾燃气部分在天然汽化燃气的压力增加之后与天然汽化燃气相结合。所提出的这种配置增加了将燃气压缩到给定压力所需的操作。但是，它具有下面讨论的某些问题。
增压沸腾燃气的供应量通过定位在蒸发器之前的开关阀控制，这种控制根据燃气货舱的压力。泵的操作同样通过开关阀根据燃气货舱的压力来控制。燃气货舱和蒸发器之间的管线同样具有将泵送的液化燃气返回燃气货舱的分支.返回部分的数量根据蒸发器之前的燃气管线的压力来控制。此配置中的问题是将泵送液化燃气返回货舱。由于通过泵送和循环略微加热的液化燃气的加热作用，这不是希望的。
由于蒸发器和压缩机的出口侧(供应管线)处的燃气消耗变化，必须控制该过程，使得燃气货舱内和/或供应管线内的压力将不升高太多并且使得可以供应所需量的燃气.在所形成的天然汽化燃气不足或者消耗量突然增加时，燃气货舱的缺量空间减小，并且增压沸腾蒸发器和液化燃气泵的操作启动。在操作泵和蒸发器一会儿之后，该压力将增加到足够大小。接着该泵可关闭并且增压沸腾蒸发器的阀也闭合。特别是由于蒸发器的操作是开关控制的，供应管线内的压力变化不可避免地非常大.由于蒸发器通常设置尺寸成100％消耗，使得控制非常不准确，从而这种情况更加强化。因此，这种控制系统非常复杂，并且同样在一定程度上不稳定。与此情况类似的配置表示在EP1291576A2。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于船舶的燃气供应配置，该配置解决了所述的问题和现有技术的其它问题，本发明的另一目的在于提供一种用于在具有液化燃气货舱的船舶的燃气供应配置中控制燃气压力的方法，以便在供应管线处提供恒定的压力和用于船舶的消耗装置的可靠燃气供应。
本发明的目的在所披露的权利要求1和11中大致得以满足，并且在其它权利要求中更加详细地得以满足。下面，将主要参考一种货舱来描述本发明。但是清楚的是船舶可设置多个货舱，每个货舱具有单独的燃气供应配置，或者多个货舱可通过具有公用的燃气供应配置而并行连接。
按照本发明，船舶的燃气供应配置适用于在其具有缺量空间区段和液相区段的货舱中运送液化燃气，并且使用货物作为燃料来为船舶提供能量，该配置包括：
第一燃气供应管线，该管线连接货舱的缺量空间区段和燃气主要供应管线，并且设置用于将燃气压力升高到足够大小的压缩机；以及
第二燃气供应管线，该管线连接货舱的液相区段和燃气主要供应管线，并且设置用于升高燃气压力并使其向前泵送的至少一个泵。
本发明的主要特征在于第二燃气供应管线另外设置具有缺量空间区段和液相区段的燃气储槽，储槽通过第二燃气供应管线的第一导管区段连接到货舱的液相区段上，并且通过第二燃气供应管线的第二导管区段连接到燃气主要供应管线上。
最好是，储槽设置温度控制单元，储槽内的压力可通过该温度控制单元间接控制。这种类型的配置提供一种燃气供应系统，通过该系统，容易控制并非常稳定地保持主要供应管线内的燃气压力。
储槽的温度控制单元包括用于加热储槽内的液相燃气的可调节的加热装置。通过加热该液体，可以触发液相区段内的液化燃气的燃气蒸发。加热装置设置响应储槽内的燃气压力的控制装置。这提供控制压力的准确和可靠的措施。储槽最好还设置用于控制液相区段的表面水平的表面水平控制配置。最好是加热装置设置位于储槽外部的热交换器，该热交换器通过配管与储槽的液相区段连接.第二燃气供应管线的第二导管区段最好设置自动控制的闭合阀，该闭合阀在燃气消耗快速停止的情况下快速闭合燃气供应。
储槽有利地设置尺寸，以便具有与通过燃气主要供应管线供应几个小时的燃气消耗量相对应的容积，这提供将储槽用作缓冲燃气源的可能性。这种设置尺寸取决于所述的特定应用，例如可以考虑货舱的排放时间。
储槽进行连接，使得第二燃气供应管线的第一导管区段延伸到储槽的液相区段内，并且第二燃气供应管线的第二导管区段从储槽的缺量空间区段延伸到燃气主要供应管线。
在本发明的具有带有缺量空间区段和液相区段的液化燃气货舱和燃气消耗装置的船舶的燃气供应配置中控制燃气压力的方法中，来自于货舱的燃气经由设置压缩机的第一燃气供应管线引导到消耗装置，压缩机将天然汽化燃气的压力升高的足够大小，并且来自于货舱的燃气另外或作为选择地经由第二燃气供应管线引导到消耗装置，第二燃气供应管线设置用于升高液化燃气压力并使其向前泵送的泵。在第二燃气供应管线中，燃气供应到具有缺量空间区段和液相区段的储槽中，在储槽中临时存储燃气。燃气在储槽中蒸发并且第二燃气供应管线内的燃气压力通过控制储槽的液相区段的温度来控制。
本发明具有多种优点。首先，由于通过加热液化燃气来控制压力的新型方式，压力控制非常准确。另外，本发明在到达货舱的连接必须切断的情况下提供一种用于消耗装置的燃气燃料的缓冲器。
附图说明
下面，本发明将参考示意附图进行描述，其中：
图1表示按照本发明的燃气供应配置的优选实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示意表示例如LNG油轮的船舶6的截面图。船舶6适用于在其货舱内运送液化燃气。通常在油轮中具有多个货舱，但是在图1中只表示一个货舱4，以便清楚表示。货舱4进行填充，使得总是具有填充气态燃气的缺量空间区段4.1和填充液化燃气的液相区段4.2。在将液化燃气存储在货舱4内时，燃气蒸发以改变其状态，并且传送到缺量空间4.1。所谓的天然汽化燃气的蒸发燃气可以在船舶6的消耗装置5中利用。消耗装置5最好是提供推进动力的燃气发动机。在附图中，只表示一个消耗装置5，但是清楚的是可以有多个这种装置。
船舶6设置燃气供应配置1，该配置包括第一燃气供应管线2。第一燃气供应管线2从货舱4的缺量空间区段4.1延伸到通向消耗装置5的燃气主要供应管线7。第一燃气供应管线2适用于经由主要供应管线7将蒸发的汽化燃气从货舱4输送到船舶6的消耗装置5。货舱4内的压力保持略微过压。第一燃气供应管线2设置压缩机2.1以便将汽化燃气的压力升高到消耗装置5所使用的足够大小。燃气主要供应管线7的压力大小必须保持在适当压力下，但是在最大设计阈值之下。较低的阈值通常通过船舶的作为消耗装置5的燃气发动机的要求来确定。压缩机2.1的能力通过利用设置在货舱缺量空间内的测量装置10来控制，使得货舱内的压力保持在某种设计阈值内。
燃气供应配置1还包括第二燃气供应管线3。第二燃气供应管线3配置成例如在天然汽化燃气量不足时将液化燃气转换成气态形式。第二供应管线3基本上是第一供应管线2的平行线，从货舱4引导到主要供应管线7。因此，它设置液化燃气泵3.1，以便将液化燃气的压力大致升高到主要供应管线7的压力大小。泵3.1最好定位在货舱4的液相区段4.2内，使其泵送液态形式的燃气。将液化燃气转换成气态形式通过为第二供应管线3提供燃气储槽3.2来实现，泵3.1经由第二燃气供应管线3的第一导管区段3.4将液化燃气传送到燃气储槽中。第一导管区段3.4最好设置止回阀或自动控制闭合阀3.12，以便防止液化燃气返回到货舱4。泵3.1和阀3.12在设置在储槽3.2内的表面水平控制配置8的控制下操作。泵至少在其较低阈值8.1时启动，并且泵运转直到表面升高到其较高阈值8.2。最好是表面阈值选择成使得储槽最低填充20％，而最高填充80％。泵3.1的输出最好选择成使得在填充过程中表面的上升速度相对低。以此方式，储槽3.2的填充对于储槽3.2的缺量空间区段3.3内的燃气压力具有最小影响。上升表面对于压力的影响可至少部分通过适当控制储槽温度控制单元来补偿，该单元将在下面描述。由于燃气的性能，即气态形式的燃气容积大约是液态形式的燃气容积的600倍，泵3.1的输出可以此方式选择，而不损害燃气形成能力。通常货舱4设置所谓的喷射泵，并且泵3.1可以是分开的泵或喷射泵。
在储槽3.2内形成气态燃气部分通过将缺量空间区段3.3布置在储槽内来实现，即考虑到液化燃气的表面较高阈值8.2不过高。但是，燃气蒸发以及同时缺量空间区段3.3内压力大小通过控制储槽3.2内的液相区段3.7的温度来控制。这可以通过温度控制单元3.6来实现。该单元包括设置在储槽内的压力传感器9，根据压力传感器的测量值控制液相区段3.7的温度.控制原理取决于温度越高、燃气蒸发越大的事实。这样，当然根据消耗，在液相区段3.7被加热时，气态燃气形成以及压力增加。这同样适用于相反的情况。
液相区段3.7中液化燃气的加热通过加热装置来实现。按照本发明的优选实施例的加热装置包括其中液化燃气经由管3.10流入和流出的外部热交换器3.9。液化燃气通过热交换器3.9的另一侧3.8内流动的热传递介质加热.循环泵3.11可有助于液化燃气的流动，但是管道可以设置尺寸，从而可以出现自由循环(根据密度差别)。热传递速度以及液化燃气的加热通过阀9.1控制，该阀控制热传递介质的流动。热传递介质可以是例如水或蒸汽，但特别是任何适当的热源，也可以利用电加热器。在图1中，可能的直接加热器3.9，以虚线表示。
来自于储槽的燃气经由第二燃气供应管线3的第二导管区段3.5引导到燃气主要供应管线7。在汽化燃气的输出(第一燃气供应管线2)不足以满足消耗要求时，主要供应管线7内的压力适当增加，并且燃气将从储槽3.2的缺量空间3.3流过第二导管区段3.5。这在缺量空间3.3内造成通过传感器9检测的略微的压力降。测量值传递到控制装置(出于清楚原因未示出)，控制装置发送指令到阀9.1，以便启动开启运动。这继而增加从热传递介质到液化燃气的热传递，升高其温度。并且，由于液化燃气温度升高，燃气蒸发增加，并且补偿缺量空间区段3.3内的压力降。在使用其它类型的加热装置时，其输出功率将通过压力传感器9来控制。
这种压力控制配置非常稳定并且容易调节，以便将供应管线压力保持在所需阈值内。另外，储槽3.2例如在必须切断货舱4和船舶燃气供应的情况下提供缓冲。例如，在端口排放货舱4时，有利的是具有某些缓冲容积，因此储槽3.2可设置尺寸，以便具有与经由燃气主要供应管线7供应至少四个小时的燃气消耗量相对应的容积。
第二燃气供应管线3的第二导管区段3.5设置自动控制的闭合阀3.13。在燃气消耗快速停止的情况下，阀3.13闭合。在这种情况下，在允许槽3.2内的压力增加到略微高于正常值的大小。储槽3.2设置通向储槽的液相区段并回到货舱4的管道3.14。该管道设置阀3.15以便控制液化燃气的流动。这提供了例如将较重的碳氢化合物返回到货舱4的可能性。
在储槽3.2填充过程中，由于上升的表面高度，缺量空间3.3内的压力部分增加，这通过压力传感器9记录，该信息也传递到温度控制单元3.6。
图1的控制关系以虚线示意表示，以便简明目的。但是清楚的是控制系统可通过多种方式实现，使用集中式和分布式控制配置。
本发明不局限于所示的实施例，相反可以设想在所附权利要求的范围内的本发明的多种变型。

Claims (11)

1.一种船舶(6)的燃气供应配置(1)，适用于在具有第一缺量空间区段(4.1)和第一液相区段(4.2)的货舱(4)中运送液化燃气，并且使用货物作为燃料来为船舶提供能量，该配置包括：
第一燃气供应管线(2)，该管线连接货舱(4)的第一缺量空间区段(4.1)和燃气主要供应管线(7)，并且设置用于将燃气压力升高到足够大小的压缩机(2.1)；以及
第二燃气供应管线(3)，该管线连接货舱(4)的第一液相区段(4.2)和燃气主要供应管线(7)，并且设置用于升高液化燃气压力并使液化燃气向前泵送的至少一个泵(3.1)；
其特征在于第二燃气供应管线(3)另外设置具有第二缺量空间区段(3.3)和第二液相区段(3.7)的燃气储槽(3.2)，储槽(3.2)通过第二燃气供应管线(3)的第一导管区段(3.4)连接到货舱的第一液相区段(4.2)上，并且通过第二燃气供应管线(3)的第二导管区段(3.5)连接到燃气主要供应管线(7)上。
2.如权利要求1所述的燃气供应配置(1)，其特征在于，储槽(3.2)设置温度控制单元(3.6)。
3.如权利要求2所述的燃气供应配置(1)，其特征在于，储槽(3.2)的温度控制单元(3.6)包括用于加热储槽(3.2)内的液相燃气的可调节的加热装置(3.9、3.9’)。
4.如权利要求1所述的燃气供应配置(1)，其特征在于，储槽(3.2)设置用于控制第二液相区段(3.7)的表面水平的表面水平控制配置(8)。
5.如权利要求3所述的燃气供应配置(1)，其特征在于，加热装置(3.9、3.9，)设置响应储槽(3.2)内的燃气压力的控制装置(9、9.1)。
6.如权利要求5所述的燃气供应配置(1)，其特征在于，加热装置(3.9、3.9，)设置位于储槽(3.2)外部的热交换器，该热交换器通过配管(3.10)与储槽的第二液相区段(3.7)连接。
7.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的燃气供应配置(1)，其特征在于，储槽(3.2)设置尺寸，以便具有与通过燃气主要供应管线(7)供应几个小时的燃气消耗量相对应的容积。
8.如权利要求1所述的燃气供应配置(1)，其特征在于，第二燃气供应管线(3)的第一导管区段(3.4)延伸到储槽(3.2)的第二液相区段(3.7)内，并且第二燃气供应管线(3)的第二导管区段(3.5)从储槽(3.2)的第二缺量空间区段(3.3)延伸到燃气主要供应管线(7)。
9.如权利要求1所述的燃气供应配置(1)，其特征在于，第二燃气供应管线(3)的第二导管区段(3.5)设置自动控制的闭合阀(3.13)。
10.如权利要求1所述的燃气供应配置(1)，其特征在于，储槽(3.2)的第二液相区段(3.7)和货舱(4)通过设置阀(3.15)的返回管线(3.14)相互连接。
11.一种在具有带有第一缺量空间区段(4.1)和第一液相区段(4.2)的液化燃气货舱(4)和燃气消耗装置(5)的船舶(6)的燃气供应配置中控制燃气压力的方法，其中来自于货舱(4)的燃气经由设置压缩机(2.1)的第一燃气供应管线(2)引导到燃气消耗装置(5)，压缩机将天然汽化燃气的压力升高的足够大小，并且来自于货舱(4)的燃气另外或作为选择地经由第二燃气供应管线(3)引导到燃气消耗装置(5)，第二燃气供应管线(3)将货舱(4)的第一液相区段(4.2)连接到燃气消耗装置(5)上，第二燃气供应管线(3)设置用于升高液化燃气压力并使液化燃气向前泵送的泵(3.1)，其特征在于，在第二燃气供应管线中，燃气供应到具有第二缺量空间区段(3.3)和第二液相区段(3.7)的储槽(3.2)中，在储槽(3.2)中临时存储燃气，并且燃气从储槽引导到燃气消耗装置(5)。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，第二燃气供应管线(3)内的燃气压力通过控制储槽(3.2)的第二液相区段(3.7)的温度来控制。
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