CN100468631C - 衬托器 - Google Patents

衬托器 Download PDF

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CN100468631C
CN100468631C CNB2005800103596A CN200580010359A CN100468631C CN 100468631 C CN100468631 C CN 100468631C CN B2005800103596 A CNB2005800103596 A CN B2005800103596A CN 200580010359 A CN200580010359 A CN 200580010359A CN 100468631 C CN100468631 C CN 100468631C
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木本恒畅
松波弘之
藤原广和
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Toyo Tanso Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于半导体外延生长、能同时得到多张一致性较高的外延膜的衬托器。本发明的一种衬托器,是用于半导体外延生长的衬托器,包括:筒型衬托器,具有多个面,所述面在外侧自由地载置多个衬底;和下述部件,其在内部配置前述筒型衬托器,具有相对于前述筒型衬托器的各前述面以向与该面相同的方向倾斜的方式对置配置的面。本发明的另一种衬托器包括:筒型衬托器,具有多个面,所述面在内侧自由地载置多个衬底;和下述部件,其在外周部配置前述筒型衬托器,具有相对于前述筒型衬托器的各前述面以向与该面相同的方向倾斜的方式对置配置的面。

Description

衬托器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在使碳化硅、氮化镓、氮化铝等化合物半导体外延生长时使用的衬托器,特别是涉及一种能在多个衬底上分别得到一致的外延生长膜(以下称为外延膜)的衬托器。
背景技术
以往,在半导体制造工序中,采用单晶体制造方法,即,利用化学气相生长法(CVD法),使原料气体在晶片上进行气相反应,来生长出外延层。具体地说,所谓CVD法指,在衬托器上载置单晶片,将衬托器和晶片加热到外延生长温度并保持该温度。然后,向反应炉内导入载气和原料气体的混合气体,因高温化而分解了的原料气体在晶片上累积,形成外延层。作为以高速形成较厚的外延层的反应炉,多采用使气体沿上下方向流出的纵型的气相生长装置(例如,参照下述专利文献1、2)。
专利文献1:特开平11-176757号公报
专利文献2:特公平5-87128号公报
但是,在以往的装置中,衬托器上的多张衬底和与这些衬底对置的壁面之间的距离存在较大的差异,所以在各衬底间容易产生温度差。因此,衬底彼此之间在外延膜生长速度上存在差别,从而外延膜的厚度不同,很难同时得到多张品质相同的外延膜。
发明内容
鉴于此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种用于半导体外延生长、能同时得到多张一致性较高的外延膜的衬托器.
本发明是一种衬托器,是用于半导体外延生长的衬托器,包括:筒型衬托器,具有多个面,所述面在外侧自由地载置多个衬底;和下述部件,其在内部配置前述筒型衬托器,具有相对于前述筒型衬托器的各前述面以向与该面相同的方向倾斜的方式对置配置的面。
根据上述方案,在将本发明的衬托器用于半导体外延生长工序时,能使各衬底温度统一,能同时得到多张一致性较高的外延膜。
本发明是一种衬托器,是用于半导体外延生长的衬托器,包括:筒型衬托器,具有多个面,所述面在内侧自由地载置多个衬底;和下述部件,其在外周部配置前述筒型衬托器,具有相对于前述筒型衬托器的各前述面以向与该面相同的方向倾斜的方式对置配置的面。
根据上述方案,在将本发明的衬托器用于半导体外延生长工序时,能使各衬底温度统一,能同时得到多张一致性较高的外延膜。
本发明的衬托器,优选地,在前述部件的前述筒型衬托器侧的面上,自由地载置多个衬底。
根据上述方案,能同时得到更多一致性较高的外延膜。
本发明的衬托器,优选地,前述筒型衬托器或/和前述部件为加热器。
根据上述方案,由于直接加热各衬底,使它们其温度统一,所以能更可靠地同时得到多张一致性较高的外延膜。
本发明的衬托器,优选地,由包含石墨的基材形成。此外,本发明的衬托器,优选地,由多晶碳化硅或多晶碳化钽包覆。
在以用高频线圈加热的方法进行半导体外延生长时,可将衬托器本身作为热源,所以能直接加热各衬底,使它们其温度统一。其结果,能更可靠地同时得到多张一致性较高的外延膜。此外,由于用多晶碳化硅或多晶碳化钽覆盖,所以可防止由石墨形成的衬托器中含有的杂质释放出来。特别是,在用多晶碳化钽包覆的情况下,由于碳化钽是高温特性优良的材料,相对于氢也具有良好的耐腐蚀性,所以可防止包覆材料的升华和石墨的露出,从而可防止杂质的释放。
附图说明
图1是分别表示本发明第1实施方式的衬托器的构成部分的立体图,(a)是筒型的内衬托器,(b)是外侧部件。
图2是表示使用了图1的衬托器的外延生长装置的反应室附近的概略图。
图3是表示图2的变形例的图。
图4是分别表示本发明第2实施方式的衬托器的构成部分的立体图,(a)是内侧部件,(b)是筒型的外衬托器。
图5是表示图1的第1实施方式的衬托器及图4的第2实施方式的衬托器的变形例的图。
图6是表示本发明实施例的外延层的膜厚和表面粗糙度分布之间关系的图表,(a)表示相对于气流方向平行的方向上的、外延层的膜厚和表面粗糙度分布之间的关系,(b)表示相对于气流方向垂直的方向上的、外延层的膜厚和表面粗糙度分布之间的关系。
图7是表示本发明实施例的外延层的膜厚的生长速度及表面粗糙度的SiH4流量依存性的图表。
图8是表示本发明实施例的外延层的掺杂浓度分布的图表,(a)表示相对于气流方向平行的方向上的、外延层的掺杂浓度分布,(b)表示相对于气流方向垂直的方向上的、外延层的掺杂浓度分布。
附图标记说明
1、9、13 衬托器
2  内衬托器
3  外侧部件
4  沉孔部
5  反应室
6  隔热件
7  高频线圈
8  衬底
10 内侧部件
11 外衬托器
12 沉孔部
具体实施方式
下面,参照附图,说明本发明的实施方式.
图1是分别表示本发明第1实施方式的衬托器的构成部分的立体图,(a)是筒型的内衬托器,(b)是外侧部件。
图1所示的衬托器1包括:以石墨作为基材的内衬托器2、和以石墨作为基材的外侧部件3。它们的表面优选由多晶碳化硅或多晶碳化钽包覆。
内衬托器2,是通过使四个具有两个凹状沉孔部4的梯形平面(四个梯形平面的面积都相同)分别相对于垂直方向倾斜规定角度,来使斜边彼此结合而构成的,为所谓的筒型衬托器。
外侧部件3,其形状与内衬托器2大致相似,可将内衬托器2配置于内部.此外,具有四个梯形平面(四个梯形平面的面积都相同),在将内衬托器2配置于内部时,所述四个梯形平面能够相对于内衬托器2的各具有沉孔部4的梯形平面平行或大致平行地对置配置。即,外侧部件3的梯形平面分别相对于垂直方向倾斜规定角度。
另外,内衬托器2的梯形平面的倾斜角度相对于垂直方向优选为2~45°,外侧部件3的梯形平面的倾斜角度相对于垂直方向优选为2~45°。在此,在大致平行地对置配置的情况下,优选使得气体入口侧的流路较宽,出口侧的流路较窄。这例如通过下述方式实现,即,将内衬托器2的梯形平面的倾斜角度相对于垂直方向设为12°,将外侧部件3的梯形平面的倾斜角度相对于垂直方向设为8°。通过作成这样的结构,可适当抑制气体的加热.此外,内衬托器2和外侧部件3之间的平面间距离为5~60mm,希望为10~25mm。
此外,只要设置一个以上沉孔部4即可。进而,内衬托器2及外侧部件3的梯形平面个数不限于4个,分别为3个以上即可。
接着,对使用了第1实施方式的衬托器的外延生长装置进行说明。图2是表示使用了图1衬托器的外延生长装置的反应室附近的概略图。
在图2所示外延生长装置的反应室5的内部,设置有配置于反应室5中心部的第1实施方式的衬托器1、和配置于衬托器1的外周部的隔热件6。在反应室5的外周部,螺旋状地设置有高频线圈7。
衬托器1的配置结构为,将图1(b)的外侧部件的朝向上下翻转,并将其盖在图1(a)的内衬托器上。另外,调整配置成,内衬托器2的梯形平面和外侧部件3的梯形平面平行或大致平行。
隔热件6设置在反应室5的内壁和衬托器1的外周部之间,用于防止衬托器1散热。
高频线圈7能够对由石墨构成的衬托器1进行高频加热,而使衬托器1发热。
接着,参照图2,对使用第1实施方式的衬托器进行的外延生长加以说明。
首先,在衬托器1的内衬托器2上载置用于外延生长的衬底8。接着,在图2的位置上,配置内衬托器2,使高频线圈7工作,将衬托器加热到适于外延生长的温度。然后,使反应气体通过衬托器1的内衬托器2和外侧部件3之间(参照图2的箭头)。
根据上述方案,在半导体外延生长工序中使用了第1实施方式的衬托器,所以可使各衬底温度统一,能同时得到多张一致性较高的外延膜。此外,由于用多晶碳化硅或多晶碳化钽包覆,所以能防止石墨构成的衬托器中所包含的杂质释放出来。特别是,在用多晶碳化钽包覆的情况下,由于碳化钽是高温特性优良的材料,相对于氢也具有良好的耐腐蚀性,所以可防止包覆材料的升华和石墨的露出,从而可防止杂质的释放。
另外,作为本实施方式的变形例,也可将内衬托器2或/和外侧部件3作成加热器。
此外,作为反应室5的配置的变形例,如图3所示,也可将图2的衬托器1和隔热件6上下翻转。此时,反应气体的流动方向为从下向上的方向(参照图3的箭头)。
下面,对本发明第2实施方式的衬托器进行说明。
图4是分别表示本发明第2实施方式的衬托器的构成部分的立体图,(a)内侧部件,(b)是筒型的外衬托器.
图2所示的衬托器9包括:以石墨作为基材的内侧部件10、和以石墨作为基材的外衬托器11。它们的表面优选由多晶碳化硅或多晶碳化钽包覆。
外衬托器11,是通过使四个具有沉孔部12的梯形平面(四个梯形平面的面积都相同)分别相对于垂直方向倾斜规定角度,来使斜边彼此结合而构成的。
内侧部件10,其形状与外衬托器11大致相似,可配置于外衬托器11的内部。此外,具有四个梯形平面(四个梯形平面的面积都相同),在将内侧部件10配置于外衬托器11内部时,所述四个梯形平面能够相对于外衬托器11的各具有沉孔部12的梯形平面平行或大致平行地对置配置。即,内侧部件10的梯形平面分别相对于垂直方向倾斜规定角度。
另外,内侧部件10的梯形平面的倾斜角度相对于垂直方向优选为2~45°,外衬托器11的梯形平面的倾斜角度相对于垂直方向优选为2~45°。在此,在大致平行地对置配置的情况下,优选使得气体入口侧的流路较宽,出口侧的流路较窄。这例如通过下述方式实现,即,将内衬托器2的梯形平面的倾斜角度相对于垂直方向设为12°,将外侧部件3的梯形平面的倾斜角度相对于垂直方向设为8°。通过作成这样的结构,可适当抑制气体的加热。此外,内衬托器2和外侧部件3之间的平面间距离为5~60mm,希望为10~25mm。
此外,只要设置一个以上沉孔部12即可。进而,内衬托器2和外侧部件3的梯形平面个数不限于4个,分别为3个以上即可。
另外,可取代图2的外延生长装置的反应室5内的衬托器1而使用本实施方式的衬托器9。由此,可得到与第1实施方式相同的效果。此外,作为本实施方式的变形例,也可将内侧部件10或/和外衬托器11作成加热器。
而且,作为第1实施方式及第2实施方式的变形例,也可使用图1的内衬托器2和图2的外衬托器11来构成衬托器13。该衬托器13可以取代图2的外延生长装置的反应室5内的衬托器1。
此外,在沿逆着重力的方向载置衬底时,为了使其不会下落,可使用销等加以固定。
实施例
这里示出一个采用筒型气相反应装置进行外延层形成的实施例,所述筒型气相反应装置使用了六面筒型衬托器(未图示)以取代图1的四面筒型衬托器1。在此,对作为化合物半导体之一的碳化硅的外延层形成进行描述。
在设置于六面筒型衬托器的内表面的各沉孔中,分别放置直径为2英寸的单晶碳化硅晶片,将衬托器设置在规定的位置。用H2气将反应室内气体置换后,抽成5×10-6Torr的真空。抽真空后,从原料气体供给口(未图示)导入作为载气的H2气,从惰性气体供给口(未图示)导入作为惰性气体的Ar气,将反应室内保持在100Torr。H2气和Ar气从排气口(未图示)连续排出,通过设置于排气口下游的压力控制阀(未图示),控制反应室内的压力。
通过对螺旋状的高频感应线圈7通电,来加热衬托器,使其升温至1350℃。此时,通过放射温度计测定晶片表面上的温度,作为炉内温度。从1350℃以上起,从供给口(未图示)导入少量的原料气体,抑制碳化硅晶片由于H2蚀刻而产生的损伤。在这种情况下,作为原料气体,使用SiH4和C3H8。通过以衬托器作为加热源、并设置隔热件,不仅加热效率非常高从而能节约消耗的电力,还由于能够快速升温而能抑制升温过程中的晶片由于H2蚀刻而引起的损伤。其结果,能得到高品质的外延层。
进而,作为外延生长温度,将衬托器和晶片加热到高温的1835℃,之后,使炉内温度保持恒定。通过以衬托器作为加热源而直接加热晶片,并且设置隔热件,使得加热效率大幅度提高,所以能实现快速升温和高温下的外延生长。此时,将SiH4的流量增加至120sccm,将C3H8的流量增加至30sccm,并以0.05sccm供给作为掺杂气体的N2气,开始形成外延层。碳化硅外延层的形成条件如下:生长温度为1835℃,生长压力为100Torr,C/Si比为0.75,SiH4/H2比为0.4mol%,C3H8/H2比为0.1mol%,进行4小时的生长。
此时的生长速度为33μm/h,经过4小时的生长能形成约130μm厚的外延层。较厚的碳化硅外延层的表面形态为镜面,能形成没有大的表面缺陷的高品质层。此外,图6(a)表示相对于气流方向平行的方向上的、碳化硅的外延层膜厚和表面粗糙度分布,图6(b)表示相对于气流方向垂直的方向上的、碳化硅的外延层膜厚和表面粗糙度分布。若除去边缘部,则能得到以σ/m表示为2~4%的良好的一致性。这是由于下述效果,即,通过将衬托器用作加热源并设置隔热件,而改善了晶片的温度一致性。另外,图6中的RMS是均方根粗糙度,以下同样。
进而,研究在1835℃的生长条件下,SiH4流量和生长速度的关系,结果发现,如图7所示,生长速度与SiH4流量成比例地增加,得到44μm/h的高速生长.这是由于下述效果,即,由于衬托器为加热源,对晶体附近的反应有贡献的原料气体被高效地加热而分解。即使在供给大量SiH4的、生长速度为44μm/h的情况下,也能得到0.3nm的平坦的表面形态.另外,在此,RMS为10×10μm2的范围。
此外,研究碳化硅外延层的掺杂浓度分布,结果发现,如图8所示,在相对于气流平行的方向和相对于气流垂直的方向上,都可将掺杂控制在5×1014cm-3的高纯度范围。这是由于下述效果,即,由于衬托器和晶片的高效加热和隔热件的设置,大幅度提高了加热效率,从而降低了加热的负荷,抑制了衬托器和内壁的劣化.此外,在掺杂浓度分布方面,能得到2~5%的良好的一致性。这是由于下述效果,即,通过以衬托器作为加热源而直接加热晶片,并设置隔热件,提高了晶片面内温度的一致性。
另外,本发明在权利要求书的范围内可进行设计变更,而不限于上述实施方式和实施例。

Claims (8)

1.一种衬托器,是用于半导体外延生长的衬托器,包括:筒型衬托器,具有多个面,所述面能在外侧载置多个衬底;和下述部件,其在内部配置前述筒型衬托器,具有相对于前述筒型衬托器的各前述面以与前述面相隔同一距离的方式平行地对置配置的面。
2.一种衬托器,是用于半导体外延生长的衬托器,包括:筒型衬托器,具有多个面,所述面能在内侧载置多个衬底;和下述部件,其在外周部配置前述筒型衬托器,具有相对于前述筒型衬托器的各前述面以与前述面相隔同一距离的方式平行地对置配置的面。
3.如权利要求1所述的衬托器,其特征在于,在内部配置前述筒型衬托器的前述部件的前述筒型衬托器侧的面上,能载置多个衬底。
4.如权利要求2所述的衬托器,其特征在于,在外周部配置前述筒型衬托器的前述部件的前述筒型衬托器侧的面上,能载置多个衬底。
5.如权利要求1所述的衬托器,其特征在于,前述筒型衬托器或/和在内部配置前述筒型衬托器的前述部件为加热器。
6.如权利要求2所述的衬托器,其特征在于,前述筒型衬托器或/和在外周部配置前述筒型衬托器的前述部件为加热器。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的衬托器,其特征在于,该衬托器由包含石墨的基材形成。
8.如权利要求7所述的衬托器,其特征在于,该衬托器由多晶碳化硅或多晶碳化钽包覆。
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