CN100453777C - 用于控制废气排放控制装置的方法 - Google Patents

用于控制废气排放控制装置的方法 Download PDF

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CN100453777C
CN100453777C CNB2005800230106A CN200580023010A CN100453777C CN 100453777 C CN100453777 C CN 100453777C CN B2005800230106 A CNB2005800230106 A CN B2005800230106A CN 200580023010 A CN200580023010 A CN 200580023010A CN 100453777 C CN100453777 C CN 100453777C
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津曲一郎
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Abstract

当通过添加喷嘴(7)向组装到柴油发动机(1)的排气通道(5)中的NOx还原催化剂(6)的上游喷射尿素水(U)、以还原和净化废气(G)中的NOx时，氨向NOx还原催化剂(6)的饱和吸附量曲线移位至低温度侧而设置目标吸附量曲线，计算对应于催化剂温度的还原剂的目标吸附量，确定还原剂向NOx还原催化剂(6)的实际吸附量。当实际吸附量达到目标吸附量时，降低在NOx还原催化剂(6)的上游处被添加的还原剂的量，并当实际吸附量低于目标吸附量时，增加在NOx还原催化剂(6)的上游处被添加的还原剂的量。因此确保氨的吸附量，同时避免氨的解吸，从而节省尿素水(U)。

Description

用于控制废气排放控制装置的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于控制废气排放控制装置的方法。
背景技术
已经提出有废气排放控制装置(例如参照专利文献1、2)，其中即使在氧共存的状态下也使氮氧化物(NOx)与还原剂选择性地反应的选择性的NOx还原催化剂被组装入车辆用的柴油机的排气通道中，从而达到释放的NOx浓度的减小。使用的还原剂是尿素水，其比氨更容易地被处理。
在这样的废气排放控制装置中，在催化剂的上游设置用于添加尿素水的喷嘴(还原剂添加装置)。若在催化剂温度大于大约200℃的状态下添加尿素水，则尿素水被分解成氨和二氧化碳，并且通过催化剂和氨来还原并净化废气中的NOx。
一旦任何过剩的氨被吸附至催化剂后，有助于NOx的还原处理。
[专利文献1]：JP2002-161732A
[专利文献2]：JP2002-513110A
发明内容
然而，迄今为止，关于还原剂相对于催化剂的吸附量的最佳化还没有进行考虑。
本发明考虑到上述问题而提出，目的在于实现还原剂向NOx还原催化剂的吸附量的最佳化。
为了实现上述目的，本发明如下：当在组装到发动机排气通道中的NOx还原催化剂的上游添加还原剂，从而还原并净化废气中的NOx时，通过将表示催化剂温度与还原剂向催化剂的饱和吸附量之间的关系的饱和吸附量曲线移位至低温侧而设定目标吸附量曲线，计算与催化剂温度对应的还原剂的目标吸附量，并确定还原剂向催化剂的实际吸附量，当实际吸附量达到目标吸附量时，降低在催化剂的上游被添加的还原剂的量，当实际吸附量低于目标吸附量时，增加在催化剂的上游被添加的还原剂的量。
此外，根据催化剂入口和出口温度、环境温度、吸入空气量和催化剂的热容量，确定经过既定时间周期后的催化剂预测温度，根据该催化剂预测温度来校正目标吸附量曲线的位移量。
在本发明中，当实际吸附量达到目标吸附量时，减小在催化剂的上游处被添加的还原剂的量，从而节省还原剂。
当实际吸附量低于目标吸附量时，增加在催化剂的上游处被添加的还原剂的量，以确保还原剂向催化剂的吸附量，同时处理NOx的还原。
此外，根据预测的催化剂温度来校正针对目标吸附量曲线的位移量，从而作为被添加的还原剂的量的量度而改变目标吸附量。
根据本发明的用于控制废气排放控制装置的方法，可以获得下面的优良效果和优点：
当还原剂向催化剂的实际吸附量达到目标吸附量时，减小在催化剂的上游处被添加的还原剂的量，从而可以确保还原剂向催化剂的吸附量。这样，即使废气中的NOx突然增加，该NOx也可以被迅速和可靠地处理还原，并也可以节省还原剂。
当还原剂向催化剂的实际吸附量低于目标吸附量时，增加在催化剂的上游处被添加的还原剂的量。可以与NOx的还原处理并行地确保还原剂向催化剂的所需吸附量。即使废气中的NOx进一步增加，该NOx也可以被迅速和可靠地处理还原。
由于使还原剂向催化剂的实际吸附量与目标吸附量一致，还原剂吸附量也不达到饱和吸附量，并且还原剂不从催化剂解吸。
目标吸附量取决于催化剂预测温度而改变，从而可以可靠地控制被添加的还原剂的量。
附图说明
图1是表示应用本发明的废气排放控制装置的例子的示意图。
图2是图1中的控制单元的方块图。
图3是表示氨向NOx还原催化剂的饱和吸附量与目标吸附量之间的关系的图表。
图4是表示氨向NOx还原催化剂的吸附量与尿素水喷射量的等量比之间的关系的图表。
附图标记说明
5排气通道
6NOx还原催化剂
G废气
U尿素水(还原剂)
具体实施方式
以下，说明本发明的实施例。
图1至4示出了本发明的实施例，其包括：组装到进排气通道5中的NOx还原催化剂6，从柴油机1的排气歧管2释放并经过涡轮增压器3的涡轮4的废气G流过该排气通道5；用于喷射尿素水U至废气G、设于催化剂6的上游处的添加喷嘴7；以及电控制单元(ECU)8，。
组装到排气通道5中的是喷嘴7的上游的NOx浓度传感器9、催化剂6的入口侧的温度传感器10、以及催化剂6的出口侧的温度传感器11和NOx浓度传感器12。
在从空气过滤器13至涡轮增压器3的压缩机14的吸入通道15中，组装有用于检测空气A流量的的气流传感器16。
喷嘴17通过电磁阀19连接至泵18，泵18抽取并输送在槽17中存留的尿素水U。
控制单元8具有以下功能：根据例如通过传感器9检测的喷嘴7的上游处的NOx浓度，分别通过传感器10和11检测出的催化剂入口和出口温度，通过传感器12检测出的催化剂6的下游处的NOx浓度，通过传感器16检测出的空气A的流量(吸入的空气量)，通过温度传感器20检测出的环境温度，发动机转速和燃料喷射量等，计算出应由喷嘴7向催化剂6的上游喷射的尿素水U的量的基本功能P；计算氨向催化剂6的实际吸附量的吸附量运算功能Q；根据氨的实际吸附量，能够增加/减小在催化剂6的上游处被添加的尿素水U的量的尿素水添加功能R；以及氨解吸防止功能S。
吸附量运算功能Q是这样的：根据由从喷嘴7的上游的NOx浓度和催化剂6的下游的NOx浓度的差计算出的降低的NOx浓度、和由函数式从吸入空气量和燃料喷射量计算的废气流量，确定降低的NOx流量，利用发动机转速和燃料喷射量，通过从图计算的HC和CO值校正降低的Nox流量；根据校正、降低的NOx流量计算尿素水U的消耗量；从通过基本功能P获得的尿素水U的喷射量减去尿素水U的消耗量；累积该获得的值，以确定氨向催化剂6的实际吸附量。
尿素水添加功能R是这样的：通过将表示催化剂温度和氨向催化剂6的饱和吸附量之间的关系的饱和吸附量曲线转移到较低温度侧(例如低20℃的位置)而设定目标吸附量曲线(参照图3)，根据催化剂温度计算氨向催化剂6的目标吸附量，当通过吸附量运算功能Q确定的氨的实际吸附量低于目标吸附量时，增加由基本功能P算出的要添加到催化剂6上游的尿素水U的量。
氨解吸防止功能S是这样的：以与尿素水添加功能R类似的方式、根据催化剂温度计算氨向催化剂6的目标吸附量；当由吸附量运算功能Q确定的氨的吸附量增加以达到目标吸附量时，减小由基本功能P计算的要添加到催化剂6上游的尿素水U的量。
在尿素水添加功能R和氨解吸防止功能S中，根据例如催化剂入口和出口温度、环境温度、吸入空气量和催化剂6的热容量等而确定在既定时间(例如三个，例如20秒之后，60秒之后和15分钟之后)后的催化剂预测温度，当这些催化剂预测温度在目标吸附量曲线的低温侧时，目标吸附量曲线移位至低温侧，从而与三个预测温度的最高值一致，因此可以合适地控制要被注射的尿素水U的量。
更具体地，当在催化剂温度是200℃且氨不被吸附至催化剂6的TO的情况下，尿素水添加功能R增加由喷嘴7喷射的尿素水U的量直至超过最佳等量的V1，从而与NOx的还原处理并行地，氨向催化剂6的吸附量更接近于目标吸附量曲线上的T1。
氨的吸附量从不达到饱和吸附量，从而使氨不从催化剂6解吸。
也就是，目标吸附量曲线设定为，即使在任何种类的操作模式下使温度上升，也不会达到饱和吸附量。
然后，当氨向催化剂6的吸附量达到T1时，通过氨解吸防止功能S，减小通过喷嘴7被注入的尿素水U的量至最佳等量V2。
然而，因为通过喷嘴7连续喷射尿素水，所以可以确保氨向催化剂6的吸附量。因此，即使废气G中的NOx的量突然增加，也可以迅速和可靠地还原和净化该NOx。
当催化剂温度从200℃升高至250℃时，通过氨解吸防止功能S将由喷嘴7喷射的尿素水U的量降低到低于最佳等量的V3。结果，氨向催化剂6的吸附量更接近于目标吸附量曲线上的T2。
此外，当氨向催化剂6的吸附量低于T2时，通过尿素水添加功能R，将由喷嘴7喷射的尿素水U的量增加到与最佳等量相应的V4，因此，根据目标吸附量曲线来补偿氨向NOx的吸附量。
应当理解的是，根据本发明的用于控制废气排放控制装置的方法不局限于上面提到的实施例，在不脱离本发明主旨的范围内可以进行各种改变和修改。
工业实用性
根据本发明的用于控制废气排放控制装置的方法可以应用于各种车辆。

Claims (1)

1、一种用于控制废气排放控制装置的方法，其中在组装到发动机排气通道中的NOx还原催化剂的上游添加还原剂，从而还原并净化废气中的NOx，通过将表示催化剂温度与还原剂向催化剂的饱和吸附量之间的关系的饱和吸附量曲线移位至低温侧而设定目标吸附量曲线；计算与催化剂温度对应的还原剂的目标吸附量，并确定还原剂向催化剂的实际吸附量；当实际吸附量达到目标吸附量时，降低在催化剂的上游被添加的还原剂的量，当实际吸附量低于目标吸附量时，增加在催化剂的上游被添加的还原剂的量，
其特征在于，根据催化剂入口和出口温度、环境温度、吸入空气量和催化剂的热容量，确定在经过既定时间周期后的催化剂预测温度，该催化剂预测温度被使用来校正目标吸附量曲线的位移量。
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