CN100395130C - 用于车辆尤其是摩托车的混合驱动组件 - Google Patents

用于车辆尤其是摩托车的混合驱动组件 Download PDF

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CN100395130C
CN100395130C CNB2003801062490A CN200380106249A CN100395130C CN 100395130 C CN100395130 C CN 100395130C CN B2003801062490 A CNB2003801062490 A CN B2003801062490A CN 200380106249 A CN200380106249 A CN 200380106249A CN 100395130 C CN100395130 C CN 100395130C
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combustion engine
driven unit
motor
driven
signal
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CN1726141A (zh
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埃米利奥·维塔莱
弗朗希斯科·弗雷多
路易吉·阿尔诺内
毛里齐奥·马尔卡奇
乔瓦尼·里焦
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UNI DEGLI STUDI DL PISA
Piaggio and C SpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2054—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M23/00—Transmissions characterised by use of other elements; Other transmissions
    • B62M23/02—Transmissions characterised by use of other elements; Other transmissions characterised by the use of two or more dissimilar sources of power, e.g. transmissions for hybrid motorcycles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M7/00—Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine
    • B62M7/12—Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine with the engine beside or within the driven wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

一种用于具有至少一个驱动轮(2)的车辆的混合动力驱动组件(1)，该驱动组件包括一个内燃机(3)；在内燃机(3)的驱动轴(4)及倾斜连接到驱动轮(2)的传动轴(6)之间安放一个变速箱单元(5)，接下来包括一个具有倾斜连接到驱动轴(4)上的主动皮带轮(10)和一个从动皮带轮(11)的无级变速箱(7)，具有一个连接到从动皮带轮的轮毂(20)的一个离心式离合器(8)，和一个连接到传动轴(6)的从动钟形罩(26)；一个具有与离心式离合器(8)的钟形罩(26)一体的转子(35)的电机(32)。控制单元(38)控制驱动组件(1)，响应于多个输入信号(Sa、Sf、Ss)，在多个操作模式中包括一个全燃烧推动模式，一个全电推动模式，一个第一混合动力推动模式，其中内燃机(3)和电机(32)串联，一个第二混合动力推动模式，其中内燃机(3)和电机(32)并联。

Description

用于车辆尤其是摩托车的混合驱动组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于公路车辆、尤其是摩托车的混合驱动组件。
背景技术
众所周知，许多公路车辆特别是汽车的生产商目前正在进行混合动力车的实验，而且其中一部分近期已经上市。虽然“混合动力”通常是指使用两个或两个以上的不同的动力系统，但是至今所提出的解决办法一般为将一个内燃机与一个电动机结合在一起，以发挥各自的优势并补偿各自的缺陷。
更具体地，内燃机的主要优点是通过所使用燃料(通常为烃)的高能量浓度所得到的燃料储备行程(fuel distance)，这也是在公路车辆中几乎只使用内燃机的原因。另一方面，内燃机会产生有害的排放，由于只能在给定的速度范围内工作，所以需要使用辅助部件(变速箱和离合器)，并且具有相对高的噪音等级。
而且，即使在工作范围内，内燃机的效率也是相当低的(大约是20-30％)，发动机的定态操作的改变会大量增加污染物排放。
电动车不会产生“局部”污染，安静，高效(大约是80％)，能产生起动时的扭矩。但是，到目前为止，现有电池的范围限制影响了其在公路车辆中的应用，其中至少这些电池的尺寸、重量和造价对于公路车辆是可行的。
为了消除或减少由于使用单一类型的发动机/电动机而带来的缺点，已经提出了可选择的办法或者将两种动力系统结合在一起的各种结构的混合动力解决方法。
更具体地，在第一种称做“串联式混合动力”的结构中，一个内燃机单独驱动一个电流发生器，为驱动电动机的电池充电：所以推动力是由电动机独自控制的。通过只利用内燃机提供平均功率，该解决方案能够减少相当大的油耗，所以最好在稳定状态下进行工作。
在“并联式混合动力”结构中，通过适当的变速箱机构，内燃机和电动机均连接到驱动轮。
上面简要叙述的已知混合驱动组件是复杂的、昂贵的并且体积要很大，根据申请人的认识，这就是为什么从来不在紧凑的、廉价车辆如摩托车上使用它的原因。
EP-A-0908343公开了一种混合动力驱动组件，其包括具有一个驱动轴的一个内燃机，具有一个与发动机驱动轴对齐的主轴连接的转子的电机，安放在发动机驱动轴和电机转子之间的一个离合器，包括一个位于主轴和轮轴之间的CVT(无级变速箱)的一个变速箱单元。
除了由于非常复杂而不适于在小型公路车辆如摩托车中使用外，上面所引用的已知混合动力驱动组件还有一个缺点，由于电机位于变速箱单元的上游，特别是在CVT上游，所以，当电机作为发电机(再生制动)使用时，能量恢复效率会降低。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种非常简单的、廉价的、紧凑的混合驱动组件，其也能用于小型的、廉价的公路车辆如摩托车中，但是其也允许在不同的工作需要或路况的基础上对多个工作模式进行选择。
根据本发明，提供了一种用于至少有一个驱动轮的车辆的混合驱动组件，该驱动组件包括一个内燃机；在内燃机的驱动轴和与驱动轮倾斜地连接的传动轴之间安放一个变速箱单元，接下来还包括一个离合器和一个变速箱，改变速箱具有与内燃机的驱动轴倾斜连接的主动件，以及一个可连接到所述传动轴的从动件；所述驱动组件还包括一个能够代替所述内燃机工作或与之结合工作的电机，其中，所述离合器位于所述变速箱的从动件和所述传动轴之间，具有一个与所述变速箱的所述从动件连接的主动件及与传动轴连接的从动件，所述电机包括一个与所述离合器的从动件倾斜、固定连接的转子。
本发明也涉及一种包括这样的混合驱动组件的车辆，尤其是摩托车。
附图说明
下面将结合附图以示范的方式描述本发明的两个优选的、而非限定性的实施例，其中：
图1是一个表示根据本发明的第一实施例的混合驱动组件的图；
图2是一个表示控制图1驱动组件的控制系统的图；
图3是一个表示本发明可选择的一个实施例的局部图。
具体实施方式
图1中的数字1表示具有后驱动轮2的轴A的摩托车的一个混合驱动组件的整体。
驱动组件1包括具有平行于轴线A的轴线B的驱动轴4的内燃机3；一个变速箱单元5安放在驱动轴4和与轴线A和轴线B平行的传动轴6的轴线C之间，并且与驱动轮2倾斜连接。
更具体地，变速箱单元5包括一个无级变速箱或CVT 7(下文简称为“CVT 7”)，及一个离心式离合器8，互相串联在一起。
CVT 7包括一个固定在驱动轴4上的主动皮带轮10；一个与传动轴6同轴并且以倾斜自由方式固定到传动轴6上的从动皮带轮11；及一个环绕在皮带轮10、11上的V形皮带12。皮带轮10、11各自具有适用于皮带12的V形槽13、14，分别是由两个半轮10a、10b和11a、11b限定的，相对于另一个可以轴向移动，以改变槽13、14的宽度，所以能改变皮带12的缠绕半径。
用未示出的离心装置控制主动皮带轮10的半轮10a、10b的相对轴向位置的改变；通过弹簧15对从动皮带轮11的半轮11a、11b朝着互相的方向轴向加载，以使皮带12的缠绕半径反过来自动适应主动皮带轮10的半径。
更具体地，通过离心式离合器8从动皮带轮11可选择地连接到传动轴6上，该离合器包括一个适于转动从动皮带轮11的轮毂20；由轮毂20支撑的多个离心平衡块21，由弹簧22将其保持在径向分离的松开位置；从动钟形罩26与传动轴6是一体的。
响应于在角速度足以克服弹簧22的作用力时的轮毂20的转动，离心平衡块21径向向外移动，与钟形罩26的近乎圆柱形的侧壁25摩擦配合。
将从动皮带轮11的弹簧15轴向压缩到离心式离合器8的轮毂20和可动半轮11b之间，以对半轮11b轴向加载，朝向固定半轮11a。
通过在图1中只是示意性的常规减速齿轮28将传动轴6连接到驱动轮2，该减速齿轮28具有作为输入元件的传动轴6，以及作为输出元件的轴线A的轴29，在使用过程中驱动轮2刚性固定在其上。
根据本发明，驱动组件1也包括一个与离心式离合器8同轴的电机32，该电机32具有一个安放在驱动组件1的固定壳体34中的定子33，以及一个外表上与离心式离合器8的钟形罩26的侧壁25同轴的转子35，与钟形罩26一体，所以也与传动轴6是一体的。
方便地，电机32是可逆类型的，连接到车辆电池36(图2)，以在给定的工作状态中做为发电机给电池充电。驱动组件1也包括用已知方式由内燃机3驱动的并且连接到电池36的发电机37。
通过控制电机32的控制单元38控制驱动组件1，致动器39调节内燃机3的节流阀40的位置，响应于多个表示组件1的工作状态的输入信号，包括表示加速器手柄44的位置的信号Sa，以及表示使用者在制动杠杆45上的动作的信号Sf。
控制单元38也接收来自一个位于车辆仪表板上用来选择驱动组件1的工作模式的选择器装置46的信号Ss。例如，该选择器装置可以包括分别选择下面工作模式的多个按钮T、E、P、S：
“燃烧”(T)，由内燃机3单独提供推动力；
“电力”(E)，由用作电动机工作的电机32单独提供推动力；
“并联式混合动力”(P)，内燃机3和电机32均提供驱动力；和
“串联式混合动力”(S)，单独将内燃机3做为发电机37，为电池36充电，而由电机32单独为驱动轮提供扭矩。
现在根据上述操作模式描述驱动组件1的操作。
在“燃烧”模式中，不给电机32提供动力，所以，不用考虑离心式离合器8的钟形罩26的转动惯量的少许增加，驱动组件1以与常规的、全机械组件完全相同的方式工作，好象电机32不存在一样。更具体地，在内燃机3怠速时，CVT7包括由主动皮带轮10上的皮带12的最小缠绕半径及在从动皮带轮11上的皮带12的最大缠绕半径限定的“短的”比例。在这种情况下，离心式离合器8是松开的，所以传动轴6未连接到CVT7上，不为驱动轮2传递扭矩。
当驱动轴4的转速增加时，通过可转动地连接到钟形罩26上的离心式平衡块21的移动闭合离心式离合器8，因此传动轴6连接到CVT7的从动皮带轮11，所以车辆以“短的”变速箱传动比起动。
当驱动轴4的转速进一步增加时，CVT7以不再详细描述的已知的方式逐渐地、自动地从所述的“短的”比例变换到“长的”比例，该“长的”比例是由主动皮带轮10上的皮带12的最大缠绕半径及在从动皮带轮11上的皮带12的最小缠绕半径限定的。
当减速或制动时，反过来重复上述操作步骤。而且，驱动轮2驱动与离心式离合器的钟形罩26一体的电机32的转子35，所以电机32作为电流发生器工作的，吸收机械能(所以作为电动制动工作)，产生电能。
在“电”模式中，内燃机3不工作，所以驱动轴4和CVT7是静止的，离心式离合器8松开，离心式平衡块21单独承受弹簧22施加的返回力。所以，钟形罩26上游的每个部件包括内燃机3和CVT7就完全与驱动轮2分开。
用钟形罩将转子35与钟形罩26形成一体的电机32的驱动扭矩直接传递给传动轴6，通过减速齿轮28传递给驱动轮2。
同时在该工作模式，当减速或制动，电机32并没有产生动力时，驱动转子35，电机32吸收机械能，产生电能为电池36充电。
在“并联式混合动力”模式中，内燃机3和电机32同时工作，其中后者是如在“电”模式中所述的那样作为一个电动机工作；由于将两者产生的扭矩和动力集合在一起，加到传动轴6上，所以极大地改善了性能。而且，能够在内燃机3和电机32之间分配使用者的动力要求，以减少油耗和/或排放。
在“串联式混合动力”模式中，内燃机3只用来驱动发电机37，由电机32单独提供推动力。对于图1所示的组件1的结构，由于内燃机3未与驱动轮2连接，所以发动机速度肯定是低的，不足以闭合离心式离合器8。如果其在效率和排放方面所产生的影响少于内燃机3最优的操作状态，则可以适当改变组件1的结构，如图3所示，其中与固定连接相反的，从动皮带轮11和离心式离合器的轮毂20通过一个连接器51(如由单元38控制的所谓的电磁“Gravina coupling”)可有选择地进行连接。
对于这种变速箱设置，当选择“串联式混合动力”模式时，设置连接器51位于“开”位置，所以内燃机3能够以选择的固定速度工作，以使效率最优化并且排放最少，而不用考虑离心式离合器8的干涉极速。控制单元38可以方便地进行编程，以在根据使用者和/或路况所需要的平均功率所确定的两个或更多不同的功率等级(但是在各功率等级上均是定速的)上操作内燃机3。
而且，连接器51允许在不停车的情况下从一个操作模式变换到另一个模式。
同时，当在混合动力模式中制动或减速时，与电动机相反，电机32作为发电机工作，所以能够作为再生制动。
从前面的描述，根据本发明的驱动组件1的优点会很清晰。
特别地，提供了能够得到非常简单的、廉价的、紧凑的混合动力驱动组件的变速箱结构，也能够用于小型的、廉价的公路车辆，如摩托车，而且其能够基于不同的工作需要和路况可选择地在多个模式中工作。
而且，利用作为再生制动操作的电机32的优点，各种操作模式均可以节约能量。
最后，通过限制在独立操作时两个推进系统之间的不必要的干涉及互相促进地开发在混合动力工作模式中的两者的潜力，提供了一种使各操作模式中的整体效率优化的变速箱的结构。实际上，在“燃烧”模式中，组件1进行工作，好像电机32不存在一样；在“电”模式中，内燃机3和CVT7与驱动轮2分离，不可能降低效率；在“并联式混合动力”模式中，能够利用两种推进系统的全部动力，以及在两个推进系统之间分配动力要求，以减少油耗和/或排放；及，在“串联式混合动力”模式中，通过在效率方面最优化的稳定状态中操作内燃机3，就可以节省相当多的能量。
很明显，可以改变本文所述的驱动组件1及其控制，但是，并不超出附属权利要求的范围。
特别地，可以用不同类型的变速箱代替CVT7，如同步带变速箱；也可以用可控离合器代替离心式离合器；电机32可以安放在不同的位置，只要转子35能够固定连接在离合器8的下游，如固定连接到驱动轮2上。
与上述由用户选择的控制模式(“燃烧”、“电”、“并联式混合动力”、“串联式混合动力”)的激活相反，也可以提供一个或多个“自动”控制模式，可以基于编写的控制逻辑自动地从一个模式切换到另一个模式，如该控制逻辑能使性能优化、油耗或排放最小、或是针对特定的操作状态。例如，如果电池的电荷低于预定的阀值，则从“电”自动切换为“内燃机”或“串联式混合动力”模式。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于至少有一个驱动轮(2)的车辆的混合驱动组件(1)，该驱动组件包括：
-一个具有驱动轴(4)的内燃机(3)；
-一根倾斜连接到驱动轮(2)上的传动轴(6)；
-一个无级变速箱(7)，该无级变速箱安放在所述驱动轴(4)和所述传动轴(6)之间，并具有倾斜连接到所述驱动轴(4)上的主动件(10)和一个可连接到所述传动轴(6)的从动件(11)；
-一个离心式离合器(8)，该离心式离合器安放在所述从动件(11)和所述传动轴(6)之间，并具有一个可连接到所述从动件(11)的主动件(20)和一个从动件(26)，该从动件是一个与所述传动轴(6)一体的钟形罩；以及
-一个能够代替所述内燃机(3)或与其结合工作的电机(32)，
其特征在于，所述电机(32)包括一个转子(35)，该转子外表上与所述离合器(8)钟形罩(26)的侧壁(25)同轴且一体；和一个连接器(51)，该连接器安放在所述从动件(11)和所述离合器(8)的主动件(20)之间，以有选择地将所述主动件(20)连接到所述从动件(11)上。
2.如权利要求1所述的驱动组件，其特征在于，所述电机(32)是可逆的。
3.如权利要求1所述的驱动组件，其特征在于，所述连接器(51)是电磁控制的。
4.如任一前述权利要求所述的驱动组件，其特征在于，包括一个由所述内燃机(3)驱动的发电机(37)。
5.如权利要求4所述的驱动组件，其特征在于，包括一个控制所述内燃机(3)和所述电机(32)的控制单元(38)，响应于多个输入信号(Sa、Sf、Ss)，在多个操作模式中包括至少一个燃烧模式，其中只激活内燃机(3)，一个电模式，其中所述电机(32)作为电机进行工作，和所述内燃机(3)不工作，一个并联式混合动力模式，其中所述内燃机(3)和所述电机(32)均被激活，并连接到所述驱动轮(2)，以及一个串联式混合动力模式，其中所述内燃机未与所述驱动轮(2)连接，驱动所述发电机(37)。
6.如权利要求5所述的驱动组件，其特征在于，包括选择装置(46)，选择所述驱动组件(1)的所述操作模式；所述输入信号(Sa、Sf、Ss)至少包括多个由所述选择装置(46)产生的输入信号(Ss)。
7.如权利要求5所述的驱动组件，其特征在于，所述输入信号(Sa、Sf、Ss)包括一个表示加速器元件(44)的位置的信号(Sa)。
8.如权利要求6所述的驱动组件，其特征在于，所述输入信号(Sa、Sf、Ss)包括一个表示加速器元件(44)的位置的信号(Sa)。
9.如权利要求5所述的驱动组件，其特征在于，所述输入信号(Sa、Sf、Ss)包括一个表示车辆制动控制元件(45)上的动作的信号(Sf)。
10.如权利要求6所述的驱动组件，其特征在于，所述输入信号(Sa、Sf、Ss)包括一个表示车辆制动控制元件(45)上的动作的信号(Sf)。
11.如权利要求7所述的驱动组件，其特征在于，所述输入信号(Sa、Sf、Ss)包括一个表示车辆制动控制元件(45)上的动作的信号(Sf)。
12.如权利要求8所述的驱动组件，其特征在于，所述输入信号(Sa、Sf、Ss)包括一个表示车辆制动控制元件(45)上的动作的信号(Sf)。
13.一种至少有一个驱动轮(2)的车辆，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1所述的混合动力驱动组件(1)。
14.如权利要求13所述的车辆，其特征在于是摩托车。
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