CN100379413C - 改善受体作用的制剂 - Google Patents

改善受体作用的制剂 Download PDF

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CN100379413C
CN100379413C CNB02827086XA CN02827086A CN100379413C CN 100379413 C CN100379413 C CN 100379413C CN B02827086X A CNB02827086X A CN B02827086XA CN 02827086 A CN02827086 A CN 02827086A CN 100379413 C CN100379413 C CN 100379413C
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阿曼·约翰妮·基利安
罗伯特·约翰·约瑟夫·哈格曼
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Abstract

本发明涉及多不饱和脂肪酸,特别是二十二碳六烯酸和一种或多种选自维生素B12及其前体、维生素B6及其衍生物、叶酸、锌和镁的对总甲硫氨酸代谢具有有益效果的组分在制备改善受体作用的制剂中的应用。这种制剂有利地应用于患有帕金森病、亨廷顿病、癫痫、精神分裂症、偏执狂、抑郁、睡眠障碍、记忆功能受损、精神病、痴呆和ADHD的患者。

Description

改善受体作用的制剂
本发明涉及改善受体作用,特别是改善受体对神经递质敏感性的制剂。
受体可以存在于细胞膜中。受体在与受体结合的存在于细胞外的组分(例如神经递质、神经调质或激素)的影响下激活。然后受体能够传递信号,其可以启动级联事件。受体可以特别地存在于神经细胞、肌细胞、内分泌细胞、上皮细胞或其它类型细胞之内或之上。对受体具有作用的物质的实例为神经递质(见下文)、神经调质、神经肽和激素如胰岛素和类固醇。
一类特殊的受体,例如由受神经递质控制的神经细胞(神经元)中的受体构成。这些神经元由具有几个、通常短的伞毛(树突)和一个称为轴突的长的伞毛的细胞体(胞体)组成。电信号从胞体内经轴突传递。轴突分枝成轴突末端,它可以终止于与邻近的神经细胞的树突相邻,在另一个轴突上,与神经细胞的或组织或其部分中的胞体相邻。所谓的突触间隙位于一个神经细胞的轴突和另一个神经细胞的树突(或者也可以是胞体)之间。
如果神经细胞受到刺激,则可以释放称为神经递质或神经调质并能够激活另一个神经细胞的物质。神经递质/神经调质被“接收”神经细胞的突触后膜中的受体识别。
典型的内源性神经递质的实例是源于生物的胺,如5-羟色胺、多巴胺、组胺、去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素;氨基酸,如GABA(γ-氨基丁酸)、谷氨酸盐、天冬氨酸盐和甘氨酸;胆碱能试剂,如乙酰胆碱;肽,如内啡肽和其它类型的神经递质,如氧化氮和腺苷。此外,已发现许多被神经递质受体识别的物质,如某些一般通过合成而制备的药物(如克仑特罗),以及来自天然制品(如毒蝇碱拮抗剂或富含麻黄碱的植物提取物)的物质。
受体可以根据它们的作用分类。离子型受体快速地作用并决定离子跨膜转运。它们由多个亚单元的大复合物组成,所述亚单元由五个结合形成跨膜离子通道的单个蛋白质组成。该亚单元具有四个形成孔道的跨膜域。这些离子通道在不存在神经递质的情况下是不渗透离子的。
代谢型受体构成另一类。这些受体作用相对缓慢,并对细胞代谢具有广泛的作用。许多受体包括七个跨膜域受体,这些受体通常通过G蛋白发挥功能。这些类型的受体特别是在属于肾上腺素能试剂(例如去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素)的神经递质的情况下,在多巴胺、5-羟色胺的情况下,和在属于胆碱能试剂(如乙酰胆碱或毒蝇碱)的情况下起作用。其它七个跨膜域受体的实例是由神经肽,如由物质P、神经肽Y、Bombesine、Neurotensine、CCK和galanine激活的受体。
其它受体包括单跨膜域受体,如酪氨酸激酶受体家族(生长因子、胰岛素)、细胞因子受体家族(生长激素、红细胞生成素、莱普亭、促乳素)、丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶受体家族(TGF-β)、鸟苷酰基环化酶受体家族(心房钠尿肽)和磷酸酪氨酸磷酸酶家族。
许多医学疾病与信号传导紊乱有关。这可能是由于激素和/或神经递质和/或神经调质浓度降低导致,也可能是由于受体对特定物质的敏感性降低导致。
或多或少严重程度的神经递质功能紊乱可能在神经疾病,如痴呆、抑郁、帕金森病、亨廷顿病、癫痫、精神分裂症、偏执狂和ADHD中起作用,且还在其它情感疾病中起作用。
过去已经设想了多种改善神经过程作用的方法。例如,将神经递质如多巴胺或其衍生物给予患有帕金森病的人以增加突触中的多巴胺量。还已经给予物质以减少神经递质5-羟色胺从突触间隙再摄取进入树突中。还已描述了抑制神经递质乙酰胆碱的特异性代谢转化的试剂(乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂),其导致突触间隙(即细胞外)中的乙酰胆碱浓度长期保持高水平。单胺氧化酶抑制剂部分阻止单胺如多巴胺的转化。
与上述方法形成对比,本发明的目的是,特别是在神经过程中,以及例如其中激素起作用的其它生理过程中改善受体作用,特别是改善其敏感性。受体作用改善的含义是需要更少的激动剂,特别是更少的神经递质来实现相同的效果。本发明可以有利地应用于患有神经递质功能失衡和/或神经变性疾病的患者。此外,本发明可以应用于健康个体以改善这些个体的注意力和/或学习能力。
本发明涉及多不饱和脂肪酸和对甲硫氨酸代谢具有有效益果的组分用于改善受体作用的应用。
本发明的发明人意外地发现,联合应用多不饱和脂肪酸和甲硫氨酸代谢刺激化合物改善受体作用,但其不是神经递质产生增加或神经递质从突触间隙再摄入减少导致的。根据本发明,本发明的有效成分的意外效果可以由联合给药导致细胞膜,特别是神经元膜的排列改善和更具流动性质来解释。由于排列和流动性改善,体内膜过程可以在受体激活之后更为有效地进行。这种改善不仅对膜过程受到例如神经变性疾病不良影响的个体有利,而且对期望改善他们的学习和/或注意力,例如研究或工作的能力也是有利的。
在WO 01/03696中描述了用多不饱和脂肪酸和维生素B6、B12和/或叶酸治疗多种疾病,包括神经变性疾病如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病。在此PCT申请中,在升高的血清高半胱氨酸浓度和必需脂肪酸,特别是二十碳五烯酸和花生四烯酸的不期望的氧化之间建立联系。据称维生素B6、叶酸和维生素B12的给药降低血清高半胱氨酸浓度,并因此减少上述必需脂肪酸的氧化,其结果是与这些相同的必需脂肪酸给药联合实现这些必需脂肪酸血清浓度的增加。根据该PCT申请,必需脂肪酸浓度的增加在(a)疾病,(b)心血管或脑血管疾病,(c)糖尿病、综合征X和糖尿病的大或微血管并发症,(d)精神病,(e)神经病或神经变性疾病,(f)肾病,(g)胃肠道炎性或免疫疾病,(h)眼或听觉疾病,(i)肥胖症形式和(j)任何形式的癌症的治疗中有利。该PCT申请中没有提到本文所述的制剂对受体作用的效果。
补充本发明的制剂有利于神经递质的内源性产生处于最低限度但受体仍发挥功能的病症,以及神经病的不严重的症状。
在患有严重形式的神经病的人中,有利的是,除了上述组分之外还给予至少一种增加突触中或受体处的神经递质、神经调质或激素的浓度的物质。
多不饱和脂肪酸是含有至少两个不饱和键并具有长度至少为18的链的脂肪酸。不饱和键位于相对于末端甲基而言的3、6或9位。
本发明的制剂优选含有Ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸。Ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸包括α-亚麻酸、十八碳四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸和花生四烯酸。该制剂优选含有至少二十二碳六烯酸。对于与心血管有关的神经病如痴呆,二十碳五烯酸也适宜地存在。Ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的每日剂量优选为至少120mg,更优选为至少350mg。
该制剂中总脂肪组成必须使得不饱和脂肪酸的比例相对高,也就是说大于脂肪的50%。不饱和脂肪酸优选不具有反式构型,即具有反式构型的不饱和脂肪酸的比例小于0.8%,优选小于0.5%,以脂肪的总量(重量)计。此外,该制剂尽可能少地含有亚油酸。
Ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的比例相对于Ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸的比例而言必须相对高。这意味着Ω-6脂肪酸和Ω-3脂肪酸的比率优选小于3,更优选小于2,例如1.4。
胆固醇可以存在于脂肪组成中,例如其量为脂肪总量的0.5-5%(m/m)。
这种脂肪组成确保细胞,特别是神经细胞的膜具有良好的排列和流体性质,因此体内膜过程可以在受体激活之后有效地发生。
多不饱和脂肪酸优选以结合脂肪酸,例如与甘油结合的脂肪酸的形式,如甘油三酸酯的形式存在,还优选以磷脂的形式存在。
对总甲硫氨酸代谢(TMM)具有有益效果的组分理解为EP 0 891719中所述的组分,该文献引入本文作参考。这些组分选自维生素B12及其前体、维生素B6及其衍生物、叶酸、锌和镁。优选这些组分选自维生素B12及其前体、维生素B6和叶酸。更优选使用叶酸、维生素B6和维生素B12的组合。
适宜的维生素B12形式为氰钴胺素,羟基、腺嘌呤核苷基或甲基钴胺素或它们的混合物,其可以或可以不与结合蛋白以如下方式结合,所述方式使得它们可以在小肠中完全并容易地被吸收。适宜地掺入该制剂中的这些物质的量使得其含有每日剂量的产品至少3μg,优选至少10μg,特别是50-1000μg钴胺素。
叶酸必须以每日剂量的产品至少250μg,特别是300-1500μg的量存在。适宜的形式为亚叶酸、叶酸及其甲基衍生物,为未氧化或氧化形式。
吡哆素或其衍生物,如吡哆胺或吡哆醛可以在该产品中用作适宜的维生素B6源。该产品每日剂量中含有至少1mg维生素B6,优选2-20mg维生素B6。
除了Ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸和对甲硫氨酸代谢具有有益效果的组分之外,本发明的制剂还可以含有磷脂。这些磷脂优选是磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺。优选使用两种或更多种这些磷脂的混合物,特别是含有至少磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰丝氨酸的混合物。磷脂的每日剂量优选为至少0.2g,更优选为至少1g。
磷脂的另一特征是磷脂的脂肪酸基。这些磷脂优选具有对应于上述Ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的组成。这种组成可以通过使用已知的内酯化技术,使用粗磷脂混合物和富含适宜的脂肪酸的成分作为原料而实现。
这还可以通过用特定的脂肪喂养鸟,从而使由它们的卵得到的磷脂部分具有尽可能类似于期望组成的脂肪酸组成来实现。还可以将植物品种进行遗传修饰,以使它们含有正确量的活性化合物。其一个实例是遗传修饰的大豆,其中磷脂部分含有额外的EPA和/或DHA。
磷脂可以从蛋黄或大豆得到,并可以使用已知的技术,例如丙酮萃取和随后的色谱技术或吸附方法分离。如果需要,还可以使用合成磷脂部分,但这不优选。
其它优选在该制剂中存在的物质是选自硫胺素、泛酸、肉碱、维生素C、维生素E、类胡萝卜素、辅酶Q10和总黄酮(flavinoids)的组分。
其中,肉碱是优选的化合物。它还包括肉碱的功能等同物,如其盐或烷酰基-或酰基-肉碱(乙酰基-L-肉碱)。掺入的肉碱的量可以为每日剂量0.1-3g,优选为0.2-1g。掺入的辅酶Q10的量可以为每日剂量0.8-200mg,优选为5-70mg。
在本发明的制剂中,优选将组分与增加突触中神经递质量的现有试剂组合。这些试剂可以是神经递质本身,还可以是其衍生物、神经递质的前体和用于此目的的药物,如抑制突触中释放的神经递质的再摄取的药物,如所谓的5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂,或者抑制神经递质的代谢转化的物质,如胆碱酯酶抑制剂、单胺氧化酶抑制剂和脱羧抑制剂。某些核苷酸或其前体也刺激神经递质的形成。
神经递质本身的实例是,例如广泛用于抗击帕金森病症状的多巴胺和其已知的类似物。这些物质可以合成形式获得。当使用本发明的制剂时,这些物质的剂量可以减少差不多50%。
可以与本发明的制剂组合的提高神经递质水平的已知药物,例如5-羟色胺激动剂或5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂为氟西汀(Prozac)、盐酸舍曲林(Zoloft)、盐酸氟伏沙明(Luvox)、盐酸右芬氟拉明(Redux)、盐酸芬氟拉明(Pondimin)、利扎曲普坦(Maxalt)、舒马普坦(Imitrex)、阿莫曲普坦(Almogram)、Zelapar、司来吉兰(Selegiline)、盐酸普拉克索(Mirapex)、马来酸哌克西林(Permax)、酒石酸利伐斯的明(Exelon)、Remilnyl、盐酸多奈哌齐(Aricept)、盐酸他克林(Cognex)、Tasaclidine、Ergoset和许多其它类似药物。胰岛素也用于刺激胰岛素受体。
神经递质的其它实例为5-羟色胺、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、谷氨酸盐、乙酰胆碱和γ-氨基丁酸。这些神经递质也可以掺入该制剂中。
神经递质前体的实例是氨基酸L-色氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸和L-酪氨酸。在某些条件下,5-羟色胺可以在动物体内由L-色氨酸形成。而且,例如,可以在某些条件下由L-苯丙氨酸和/或L-酪氨酸形成多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素。
这些氨基酸的功能等同物也可以用作神经递质的前体,例如N-烷基化形式或酯化形式和盐。适宜的色氨酸衍生物的实例为5-羟基色氨酸。但是,优选使用蛋白质或其水解产物或肽。优选所用的蛋白质含有相对高浓度的相关氨基酸。还可以使用,例如通过透析和膜过滤技术得到的富集蛋白。富含色氨酸的蛋白质的实例是α-乳清蛋白。
神经递质或增加突触中神经递质量的试剂的量取决于患者的营养状况和他或她的饮食。每日剂量,至少14mg/kg体重苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸,即平均1g/天,必须通过全部饮食消耗。本发明的产品优选占其至少50%,即至少0.5g/天和优选0.7-3g/天。饮食还必须提供至少3.5mg/kg体重色氨酸。本发明的产品优选占其至少50%,即至少130mg/天。优选该制剂每日剂量含有200-2200mg色氨酸。
在某些条件下,乙酰胆碱可以由胆碱和甜菜碱形成。胆碱还可以源自磷脂酰胆碱。有利的是,该产品每日剂量含有至少0.4g胆碱当量,优选是0.4-2g甜菜碱的形式,或3.5-18g磷脂酰胆碱的形式,特别是由以油菜籽、卵或大豆作为可能来源而从卵磷脂得到。
核苷酸在乙酰胆碱的形成中起重要作用。优选在该制剂中掺入核苷酸,特别是核糖核酸形式的核苷酸,例如存在于酵母或其萃取物中的核苷酸。优选该产品每日剂量含有至少50mg核碱(nucleobase),包括尿苷或胞苷。这相当于,例如,至少2.5g粗啤酒酵母。还可以使用它们的磷酸酯,如一、二或三磷酸酯(例如尿苷一磷酸酯(UMP))代替碱。
代替核苷酸或除核苷酸之外,也可以将戊糖,如D-核糖、木糖醇、L-阿拉伯糖或含有这些糖的寡糖或多糖掺入该产品中。最优选含有D-核糖和阿拉伯聚糖的寡糖。每日剂量给予至少0.5g戊糖,优选1-20g。
本发明的制剂可以用于改善中枢神经系统细胞受体的作用,特别是用于改善受体对神经递质的敏感性。可以受本发明的制剂影响的具体受体是代谢型受体,优选是G蛋白偶联受体。
代谢型受体的实例是一般通过G蛋白发挥功能的七个跨膜域受体,还是单跨膜域受体如酪氨酸激酶受体家族(生长因子、胰岛素)、细胞因子受体家族(生长激素、红细胞生成素、莱普亭、促乳素)、丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶受体家族(TGF-β)、鸟苷酰基环化酶受体家族(心房钠尿肽)和磷酸酪氨酸磷酸酶家族。
严重程度可以通过增加受体的作用而降低的疾病具体为与神经递质功能紊乱有关的疾病。这些疾病的具体实例为帕金森病、亨廷顿舞蹈症、癫痫、精神分裂症、偏执狂、抑郁、睡眠障碍、记忆功能受损、精神病、痴呆和ADHD和运动疾病,例如可能在外伤、中风和ALS之后发生的运动疾病,以及慢性疲劳综合征。
考虑到受体功能改善的一般性质,在许多情况下期望加入拮抗剂。例如这种情况是目的在于重量减轻的情况。如果提供α-2受体的拮抗剂,则获得更快速的效果。
本发明的制剂可以用于人和动物,优选用于人。
该制剂可以制成适宜的形式,并作为药物制剂或营养制剂给予。这种制剂的适宜的添加剂和赋形剂对本领域技术人员来说是已知的。
实验
必需多不饱和脂肪酸的长期饮食摄入可以通过被引入神经元和神经胶质质膜中而调节学习和记忆过程。两种重要的多不饱和脂肪酸家族,n-3和n-6型的代表整合入膜磷脂,其中实际的(n-6)/(n-3)比率可以决定膜流动性。在本实验中,我们研究了在模拟如同在衰老和痴呆中发生的脑灌注减少的脑灌注不足模型中,长期给予富含二十二碳六烯酸/二十碳五烯酸和甲硫氨酸代谢刺激组分之后的海马神经递质受体密度。
将60只30天大的威斯塔鼠随机分成3组,每组20只。给予各组特定的饮食,第一组给予普通食物(安慰剂),第二组给予特定组成S1的食物,而第三组给予与第二组相同的食物和额外的组分(S2);参见表1。饮食含有等量的蛋白质、糖、矿物质和能量。在4个月大时,将各组的一半动物的四个颈动脉的两个闭塞(2VO动物)。使另一半动物接受类似的操作但不闭塞动脉。在7个月大时,处死动物以进行进一步研究。其中在使用放射活性标记物质标记的帮助下测定脑的特定部位的受体密度。
通过放射自显影方法在海马切片中标记三种受体类型,毒蝇碱1、血清素能1A和谷氨酸能(glutaminergic)NMDA受体。增大的n-3脂肪酸比率和额外的饮食补充剂(表1)联合增加血清素能1A和毒蕈碱1受体的密度(表2),但没有发现对NMDA受体有较大效果。由于被检查的受体类型对饮食补充剂的反应不同,可以断定除了膜流动性发生变化以外,受体敏感性的生物化学调节在海马受体密度增加中可能也起作用。NMDA受体不同于这里研究的M1和5-HT1A受体之处在于NMDA受体是离子通道受体,而其它两种是G蛋白偶联的代谢型受体。NMDA受体是离子型受体,它不需要如同代谢型受体那样在结合期间的较大构象变化。代谢型受体与毒蝇碱1乙酰胆碱受体和血清素能5-HT1受体相似地结合递质,并通过一系列构象变化与G蛋白结合并将它们激活。在膜为流体时促进这些构象。
表1
  组分   安慰剂g/100g   S1g/110g   S2g/110g
  EPA   -   0.5   0.5
  DHA   -   0.37   0.37
  ALA   0.155   0.137   0.184
  LA   0.640   1.321   1.661
  AA   -   0.2   0.2
  β-胡萝卜素   -   0.02   0.02
  类黄酮   -   0.2   0.2
  叶酸盐   0.000784   0.001   0.001
  硒   0.000019   0.00004   0.00004
  维生素B6   0.00153   0.00172   0.00172
  维生素B12   0.00005   0.00012   0.00012
  维生素C   -   0.2   0.2
  维生素E   0.0063   0.3   0.3
  乙酰肉碱   0.6
  胆碱   0.4
  磷脂酰胆碱   0.2
  磷脂酰丝氨酸   0.2
  Q10   0.03
  硫胺素   0.002   0.2
  酪氨酸   0.944   1
  色氨酸   0.232   1
表2(nCi/mg组织)
Figure C0282708600151

Claims (30)

1.以下物质在制备治疗与神经递质功能紊乱有关的疾病的制剂中的应用:
i)一种或多种多不饱和脂肪酸;和
ii)一种或多种对总甲硫氨酸代谢具有有益效果的组分;和
iii)一种或多种核苷酸;
所述制剂每日剂量包含:
i)至少120mg选自α-亚麻酸、十八碳四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸和花生四烯酸的一种或多种多不饱和脂肪酸;
ii)至少以下物质之一:
о至少3μg维生素B12的钴胺素等同物;
о至少1mg维生素B6、吡多素、吡多胺和吡多醛中的一种或多种;以及
о至少250μg叶酸;
iii)量相当于至少50mg核碱的核苷和/或其磷酸酯,包括尿苷或胞苷。
2.根据权利要求1的应用,其中所述多不饱和脂肪酸包含至少二十二碳六烯酸。
3.根据权利要求1或2的应用,其中ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸和ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的重量比小于3。
4.根据权利要求3的应用,其中ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸和ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的重量比小于2。
5.根据权利要求1或2的应用,其中所述制剂每日剂量含有至少350mg所述多不饱和脂肪酸。
6.根据权利要求1或2的应用,其中所述制剂含有以下物质的组合:(a)维生素B12;(b)维生素B6;和(c)叶酸。
7.根据权利要求1或2的应用,其中所述制剂每日剂量含有至少0.2g磷脂。
8.根据权利要求7的应用,其中所述制剂每日剂量含有至少1g磷脂。
9.根据权利要求7的应用,其中所述制剂每日剂量含有至少0.5g一种或多种戊糖。
10.根据权利要求9的应用,其中所述制剂每日剂量含有1-20g一种或多种戊糖。
11.根据权利要求1或2的应用,其中所述制剂含有肉碱或其功能衍生物。
12.根据权利要求11的应用,其中所述制剂每日剂量含有0.1-3g肉碱或其功能衍生物。
13.根据权利要求12的应用,其中所述制剂每日剂量含有0.2-1g肉碱或其功能衍生物。
14.根据权利要求1或2的应用,其中所述疾病选自帕金森病、亨廷顿病、癫痫、精神分裂症、偏执狂、抑郁、睡眠障碍、记忆功能受损、精神病、痴呆和ADHD。
15.根据权利要求1或2的应用,用于患有痴呆的患者,其中所述制剂含有二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸的组合。
16.根据权利要求1或2的应用,其中所述制剂含有一种或多种神经递质或增加神经递质量的化合物,所述神经递质选自多巴胺、5-羟色胺、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、谷氨酸盐、乙酰胆碱和γ-氨基丁酸,并且所述增加神经递质量的化合物选自5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、胆碱酯酶抑制剂、单胺氧化酶抑制剂和脱羧抑制剂、类固醇和胰岛素。
17.一种制剂,其每日剂量单元含有:
i)至少120mg选自α-亚麻酸、十八碳四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸和花生四烯酸的一种或多种多不饱和脂肪酸;
ii)至少以下物质之一:
о至少3μg维生素B12的钴胺素等同物;
о至少1mg维生素B6、吡多素、吡多胺和吡多醛中的一种或多种;以及
о至少250μg叶酸;
iii)量相当于至少50mg核碱的核苷酸和/或其磷酸酯,包括尿苷或胞苷。
18.根据权利要求17的制剂,其中所述多不饱和脂肪酸以至少350mg的每日剂量存在。
19.根据权利要求17或18的制剂,其含有以下物质的组合:
(a)维生素B12;
(b)维生素B6;以及
(c)叶酸。
20.根据权利要求17或18的制剂,其以至少0.2g的每日剂量含有磷脂。
21.根据权利要求20的制剂,其以至少1g的每日剂量含有磷脂。
22.根据权利要求17或18的制剂,其还含有肉碱或其功能衍生物。
23.根据权利要求22的制剂,其以0.1-3g的每日剂量含有肉碱或其功能衍生物。
24.根据权利要求23的制剂,其以0.2-1g的每日剂量含有肉碱或其功能衍生物。
25.根据权利要求17或18的制剂,其中所述制剂含有选自色氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、5-羟基色氨酸及其N-烷基化形式、酯和盐的一种或多种神经递质前体。
26.根据权利要求25的制剂,其以至少0.5g的每日剂量总和含有酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸。
27.根据权利要求26的制剂,其以0.7-3g的每日剂量总和含有酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸。
28.根据权利要求17或18的制剂,其以0.4-2g的每日剂量含有甜菜碱或以3.5-18g的每日剂量含有磷脂酰胆碱。
29.根据权利要求17或18的制剂,其中所述多不饱和脂肪酸以磷脂的形式存在。
30.根据权利要求17或18的制剂,其进一步含有胆固醇,所述胆固醇的量为所述制剂的脂肪总量的0.5-5重量%。
CNB02827086XA 2001-11-14 2002-11-14 改善受体作用的制剂 Expired - Lifetime CN100379413C (zh)

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