CN103200830A - 用于治疗或预防焦虑或神经发生的方法和制剂 - Google Patents
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及制剂,尤其是营养制剂用于预防或治疗受试者(尤其是抑郁的受试者)中的焦虑以及抑郁的用途。更具体地,本发明涉及制剂尤其是营养制剂用于预防或治疗对SSRI药物无反应的受试者中的焦虑或抑郁的用途。此外,本发明涉及制剂尤其是营养制剂用于调节神经发生的用途。所述制剂包括以下组分:a)至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA);b)至少两种磷脂,选自磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺或其任意混合物;和c)一种或多种是5-羟色胺代谢中的因子的化合物,选自B族维生素和色氨酸。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及制剂尤其是营养制剂用于预防或治疗受试者(尤其是抑郁的受试者)中的焦虑以及抑郁的用途。更具体地,本发明涉及制剂尤其是营养制剂用于预防或治疗对SSRI药物无反应的受试者中的焦虑或抑郁的用途。此外,本发明涉及制剂尤其是营养制剂用于调节神经发生的用途。
焦虑和抑郁都与5-羟色胺能系统的紊乱有关[1-3]。5-羟色胺能系统高度复杂,由14个受体亚型组成,却仅存在一个负责5-HT重摄取的运载体;5-HT运载体(5-HTT)[4]。因此,5-HTT表达和/或功能的改变对5-HT在胞外空间的可用性、心境和情绪控制都有很深的影响。一个实例是人5-羟色胺运载体长度多态性区域(5-HTTLPR)的低活性(短的;s)变异体,因为其与焦虑相关的人格特质[5]和早期生活应激背景下增加的抑郁风险[6,7]有关而众所周知。这些行为表现与杏仁核高反应性、杏仁核和海马过度灌注以及体积改变相关[8,9]。这些边缘节点中的“功能获得”可能导致应激恢复(stress-resilience)降低[10]。5-HTTLPR基因型还影响通常见于长期严重抑郁发作中的海马体积减小,但是有关该影响的确切性质仍有一些模糊不清[9,11,12]。
Meta分析(荟萃分析)已经显示,有抑郁倾向的5-HTTLPR短(s)-等位基因携带者对SSRI(治疗抑郁的选用药)的反应相对较弱[13]。SSRI可通过成年海马神经发生的改变来发挥其抗抑郁效应[14],所述改变被认为是由长期SSRI治疗所导致的5-HT1A信号传递改变介导的[15]。已知,新形成的神经元可融入现有的神经通路并有助于海马学习和情绪控制[16,17]。所述s-等位基因和神经发生之间的联系仍有待评估,但所述“功能获得”概念表明在s-等位基因携带者中SSRI的作用机制不同。
在本申请中,我们具体证明了通过使用营养介入来治疗对SSRI药物无反应的受试者中的抑郁症状的可能性。有趣的是,饮食不仅是与抑郁及相关病症的病原学和治疗有关的重要生活方式因素,还已被显示不同营养素可影响抑郁的发病机制所涉及的几种机制以及抗抑郁药如SSRI的作用之下潜在的几种机制。例如,ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3-PUFA)缺乏可对5-羟色胺能神经传递有负效应[18],而补充可改变神经元膜磷脂结构和脂肪酸组成的营养素可影响膜特性[19],这可通过增加离子通道可用性而促进神经信号传导[20],或通过增加5-HT1A受体密度[21]和结合亲和力[22]来改善5-HT信号转导。类似地,已知一些营养素是合成神经递质和神经元膜必需的前体和辅因子。另外,营养素如ω-3-PUFA与大鼠和小鼠中海马神经发生的改变有关[23-27],但是驱使这种神经发生的确切机制仍是考虑的主题。
基于可显示营养素如ω-3-PUFA和B族维生素的饮食摄入与抑郁症的风险有关的流行病学证据[28-30],已经提出补充这些营养素可能有助于减少相关症状。然而,到目前为止,补充单一营养素的研究在降低疾病风险或帮助症状治疗方面没有显示出明显的益处。然而,营养组分可具有治疗潜力,如以下观察结果所证明:结合抗抑郁药物的ω-3-PUFA摄入改善了复发性单相抑郁症患者的结果[31]。另外,已经显示,给予特定营养素的组合增强了其减少抑郁样症状的功效[32],这说明了潜在的协同效应。
因为若干营养素可有助于弥补s-等位基因携带者被报道的一些缺乏并且因为这些营养素的组合给予可能比单一营养素介入更加有效地减少抑郁样症状[32],所以我们假设,尤其地,组合给予ω-3-PUFA、磷脂和B族维生素的饮食可能在5-HTTLPR-s等位基因携带者中具有有益的效应。为了测试该假设,我们使用了雌性5-羟色胺运载体敲除(5-HTT-/-)大鼠和其野生型对照(5-HTT+/+)。如5-HTT-/-小鼠和人s-等位基因携带者一样,这些动物显示焦虑增加和抑郁样症状(综述参见Kalueff et al[33])。与男人相比女人中较高的抑郁患病率[34]是本研究中选择雌性大鼠的依据。喂食混合的PUFA饮食或对照饮食后,对所述动物进行以一系列的测量焦虑(高架十字迷宫、条件性恐惧)或抑郁样症状(群居相互接触测试、强迫游泳测试)的行为测试。使用神经发生标记物双皮质素(doublecortin,DCX)的免疫组化染色解释了基因型和饮食效应的神经生物学相关性[35]。此外,我们测量了可能在严重抑郁中受影响的海马体积。
本文使用的“或”是指也包括“和”。因此,表述“A或B”包括3种选择:A、B和“A和B”,除非A和B是相互排斥的。
现有技术
EP1275399B1和EP1275399B1(都属于Nutricia NV)公开了本发明制剂用于预防和治疗血管病症和一些与此相关的症状例如双相或单相抑郁以及用于治疗焦虑相关的抑郁的用途。如所公开的,所述组合物是有效的,因为它通常为内膜和内皮细胞的功能提供活性,这对于影响大量血管病症和若干其他继发病症(尤其是抑郁)的病因学和发展来说非常重要。
发明内容
现在发明人已发现一种用于治疗抑郁和焦虑(尤其是与血管病症不相关的抑郁和焦虑)的制剂,因为其对5-羟色胺能系统(尤其是对所述5-羟色胺能系统的5-HTT和5-HTTLPR组分)的效应,它是有效的。
因此,本发明提供了一种适于预防或治疗受试者中抑郁或焦虑的制剂,包括以下组分:
a)至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA);
b)至少两种磷脂,选自磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺或其任意混合物;和
c)一种或多种是5-羟色胺代谢中的因子的化合物,选自B族维生素和色氨酸。
优选地,所述受试者是哺乳动物,更优选人。
具体实施方式
这些组分的组合给予可导致预防和治疗焦虑或抑郁,尤其是在5-羟色胺能系统的水平上。
组分a)
组分a)包括至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)。所述脂肪酸可以是游离脂肪酸,但它优选地结合到合适主链上,例如甘油三酯。它还可以是磷脂形式,这将在随后描述。
如果使用ω-3和ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)混合物,那么已发现所包含的这些混合物中ω-3脂肪酸与ω-6脂肪酸的比率应该约为2.5-5.5wt/wt。
优选的ω-3PUFA是二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。当以约等摩尔量包含DHA和EPA时,例如DHA与EPA的比率是0.5-2wt/wt,获得最好的结果。优选的ω-6PUFA是双高-γ-亚麻酸(DHGLA)和花生四烯酸(AA)。应该以EPA和DHA量的约四分之一的量包含DHGLA和AA,例如[DHA+EPA]与[DHGLA+AA]的比率是2.5-5.5,优选3.3-4.7wt/wt。所述总EPA+DHA+DHGLA+AA的日剂量优选至少120mg,更优选至少350mg。所述制剂的每日剂量特别含有20-2000mg,优选50-1000mg EPA,50-2000mg,优选200-1000mg DHA和50-2000mg,优选100-1000mg DHGLA。其他可存在的PUFA是亚麻酸和α-亚油酸。然而,所述EPA+DHA+DHGLA+AA总量与所述亚麻酸和α-亚油酸总量的比率应该大于0.1wt/wt,优选大于0.2,最优选大于0.4。
组分b)
组分b)包括至少两种选自以下的磷脂:磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺。
优选地,所述磷脂是磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺。优选地,组分b)包括至少三种不同的选自以下的磷脂:磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺。更优选地,组分b)包括磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰丝氨酸。该组分的功能可被看作为神经元的合成(神经发生)提供神经细胞磷脂的直接来源(基础材料)。非常优选包含磷脂的混合物,尤其考虑胆碱/乙醇胺部偶联一端,丝氨酸/肌醇部分偶联另一端。对于最好的结果来说,(磷脂酰胆碱或磷脂酰乙醇胺)与(磷脂酰丝氨酸或磷脂酰肌醇)的比率是0.5-20(wt/wt)。应该给予至少0.2g(优选多于1g)磷脂的日剂量,例如4g。当所述产品意在由患有焦虑和抑郁症状的患者使用时,为了获得最好的结果日剂量产品中磷脂酰丝氨酸的量应该是至少0.1g,优选多于0.5g。所述优选磷脂的另一个优选特性是PUFA部分。优选使用如上所述为组分a)提供PUFA的磷脂。例如,可通过应用本领域已知的相互酯化方法使用例如粗磷脂混合物和富含特定PUFA的成分来制备它们。使用这些具体磷脂确保了相对的稳定产品的高活性。在口服制剂中,不需要使用更高组织化的脂质组分例如鞘磷脂,因为该类型化合物在肠道、肠道上皮细胞和肝脏中有高代谢速率。而且,基本上不含DHA、EPA、DHGLA或AA的其他脂质例如中性甘油三脂优选地不被包括在所述磷脂组分中,或以相对低的量例如低于所述磷脂组分的40%,尤其是低于5%,被包括在所述磷脂组分中。磷脂可以源自蛋黄或大豆,例如大豆卵磷脂,可以通过使用本领域已知的方法例如丙酮萃取和任选地使用后续的色谱技术或吸附法分离。如果需要,所述磷脂组分还可由合成磷脂和天然来源的磷脂(的提取物)的混合物组成。
组分c)
组分c)包括至少一种是5-羟色胺代谢中的因子的化合物。
在一个实施方案中,组分c)至少包括一种或多种选自以下的B族维生素:吡哆醇(B6)、叶酸(folic acid/folate,B11)、硫胺(B1)、核黄素(B2)、烟酸(B3)、泛酸(B5)、钴胺素(B12)和维生素H。
优选地,组分c)至少包括吡哆醇(维生素B6)。维生素B6有助于5-羟色胺的制造。该B族维生素的缺乏可降低5-羟色胺的产生,影响心境和嗜欲(craving)。应以每日剂量中多于2mg,尤其是多于2.5mg的量包含维生素B6。
优选地,组分c)至少包括叶酸(维生素B11),尤其是以每日剂量中至少200μg,最优选多于400μg的量。叶酸还意在包括其生理等价物,例如其可药用的盐、5-甲基四氢叶酸和其天然存在的聚谷氨酸形式。最优选至少包含维生素B6和叶酸,而如果同时包括这些组分,那么最大部分的人群将受益。
在一个实施方案中,组分c)包括色氨酸。色氨酸可提高色氨酸的血液水平,然后是脑水平,这可增加5-羟色胺的产生。
组分d)
除了上述组分a)-组分c)以外,本发明的制剂可任选包含另外的组分d),所述组分d)有益于预防或治疗焦虑——尤其是在抑郁的人中——和抑郁,并有益于刺激神经发生。此外,鉴于EP1275399B1和EP1275399B1的公开内容,通常可获得对5-羟色胺能系统以及对内膜和上皮细胞功能的组合效应。
组分d)可包括是甲硫氨酸代谢中的因子的化合物。总甲硫氨酸代谢(TMM)已被描述于EP0891719。已知,TMM的正常发挥功能对于许多关键化合物例如S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(用于肌酸、肉碱等)和谷胱甘肽的内源性生物合成是必要的。组分d)可包括至少一种选自以下的化合物:叶酸、维生素B12、维生素B6、镁和锌。当该组分含有上述提到的组的所有成员时,它是甚至是更加有益的。所述组分还可含有SAMe(S-腺苷甲硫氨酸)、胆碱、甜菜碱或铜。如果组分d)包括锌和铜,那么锌和铜的重量比率在5-12之间。可包括胆碱和甜菜碱。
组分d)可包括柠檬酸盐。柠檬酸盐还意在包括柠檬酸。本发明产品的pH应在3.0-7.5之间,优选在5-7之间。应以日剂量0.5-30g的量给予柠檬酸盐,优选1.5-10g,例如多于2.4g。生物化学文献公开了,柠檬酸以及一些其他化合物可为胞质溶胶提供还原性等价物并参与“克雷布斯循环”(Krebs cycle),因此在线粒体中产生NADH和能量。还早就已知,柠檬酸可通过果糖磷酸激酶反应的反馈抑制帮助调节糖酵解。对于血管上皮细胞的正常功能发挥来说,在这些细胞的胞质溶胶中同时具有足够量的可用的ATP和以NADPH形式存在的还原性等价物是重要的,柠檬酸盐可确保其发生,并且比功能类似物如克雷布斯循环中间体如草酰乙酸盐、苹果酸或延胡索酸盐更有效。
组分d)可包括石杉碱A或其功能类似物,尤其是在被设计用于预防和治疗痴呆综合征的产品中,尤其是在乙酰胆碱代谢严重受损的疾病阶段中。应该以日剂量0.04-2mg,优选0.07-1mg,最优选0.08-0.5mg的量包含石杉碱A。当标准化石杉碱A含量和纯度时,还可使用作为类似物的一些草药例如蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrata)的提取物。可使用日剂量0.04-20mg,优选0.07-2mg的量的这类提取物。还可使用例如通过伯氨基和/或仲氨基的修饰获得的石杉碱A的亲脂性衍生物。
组分d)可包括肉碱、维生素B1、维生素B5和辅酶Q10或其功能类似物中的一种或多种。在一个实施方案中,组分d)可包括肉碱、辅酶Q10或其功能类似物中的一种或多种。可以提及的肉碱的功能等价物是其可药用的盐,或者尤其有用的烷酰基肉碱和酰基肉碱[乙酰-L-肉碱]或它们的混合物。有益地,用于患有痴呆综合症患者的产品中包含肉碱。在这些产品中,亲脂性衍生物优选被用作肉碱来源。最优选使用乙酰-L-肉碱。该组分在脑中提供乙酰基用于生物合成目的。应以日剂量0.1-3g,优选0.2-1g的量包含肉碱。可包含例如泛酸钙形式或其他稳定形式的维生素B5。优选的剂量是8-80mg,优选12-40mg的产品日剂量。
组分d)可包含亲脂性硫胺来源例如苯磷硫胺、蒜硫胺、呋喃硫胺或奥托硫胺,尤其用于意在用于治疗或预防痴呆综合症进一步发展的制剂。在帕金森病和亨廷顿病中所观察到的人受试者中大脑功能的退化,可被本发明的制剂延缓。在用于这些类型受试者的制剂中,有利地还分别包含牛磺酸和γ-氨基丁酸或其衍生物例如吡乙酰胺。如果包含辅酶Q10,那么它的量可以是0.8-200mg,优选5-70mg。所述量可以如此低是因为所述磷脂(组分b)对膜功能的有益效应。
组分d)可包括提供抗氧化性质的化合物。这类化合物可选自维生素C、维生素E、硫辛酸、硒盐和类胡萝卜素。
组分d)可包括银杏提取物。该提取物获取自叶,富含黄酮类化合物,尤其富含萜类化合物,尤其是银杏苦内酯。例如,似乎包括至少4%银杏苦内酯的提取物是有效的。
优选地,本发明的制剂以以上推荐的日摄取量包括以上组分。本发明制剂的日剂量优选包括:
-至少120mg长链多不饱和脂肪酸;
-至少200mg磷脂;
-至少200μg叶酸;和
-至少0.5g柠檬酸盐;
更优选地,本发明的制剂的日剂量包括:
-至少20mg,优选至少50mg的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)
-至少50mg,优选至少200mg的二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)
-至少50mg,优选至少100mg的花生四烯酸(AA)
-至少200mg,优选至少1000mg的磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)
-至少200μg,优选至少400μg的叶酸。
-至少100mg,优选至少200mg的镁
-至少5mg,优选至少10mg的锌
-至少2mg,优选至少2.5mg的维生素B6
-至少2μg,优选至少4μg维生素B12
-至少1.0g,优选至少1.5g柠檬酸盐
本发明的制剂除了可以是营养制剂外,还可以是药物制剂。
尤其是在营养组合物——其可以是食物或饮料——的情况下,其中本发明制剂的量以可单份提供日剂量的量合适地存在于所述组合物中。
本文使用的术语“份”表示成人一次一餐通常摄入的食物或饮料的量,例如可以从约1g(例如少量营养物(shot))至约500g。
在本发明的一个方面,本发明的制剂(即包括组分a)、b)、c)和任选的d))可用于包括一种或多种可药用载体材料的药物组合物。
所述药物组合物,优选用于肠内施用,可以是固体的或液体的植物制剂。固体植物制剂的实例是含有所述活性成分和常规的植物载体的片剂、胶囊剂(例如硬壳或软壳明胶胶囊剂)、丸剂、囊剂、粉剂、颗粒剂等。可使用任何常规载体材料。所述载体材料可以是适用于口服给药的有机或无机惰性载体材料。合适的载体包括水、明胶、阿拉伯胶、乳糖、淀粉、硬脂酸镁、滑石、植物油等。另外,可根据药物配制公认的实践加入添加剂例如调味剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、乳化剂、缓冲液等。当在单个组合物中合适地给予单独的活性成分时,它们还可被以单独的剂量单位给予。
如果所述组合物是药物制剂,这类制剂可以包含一个或多个剂量单位的日剂量。所述剂量单位可以是液体形式或固体形式,其中在固体形式的情况下所述日剂量可通过一个或多个固体剂量单位例如以一个或多个胶囊或片剂提供。
在本发明的另一个方面,本发明的制剂(即包括组分a)、b)、c)和任选的d))可配制成包括至少一种选自脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物的组分的营养组合物。应理解,营养组合物不同于药物组合物,不同点在于营养组合物中存在为被给予所述组合物的受试者提供营养的营养素,尤其是存在蛋白质、脂肪、可消化碳水化合物和膳食纤维。其还可包含成分例如矿物质、维生素、有机酸和调味剂。虽然术语“营养药物(nutraceutical)组合物”经常用在文献中,但是它代表具有药物组分或药物目的的营养组合物。因此,本发明的营养组合物还可表示营养药物组合物。
有利地,本发明的营养组合物可包括蛋白质,优选完整的蛋白质。蛋白质使得可制造可口产品。尤其是年长的人受益于所述蛋白质,因为它增强了他们的运动技能。优选地,本发明的营养组合物包括乳蛋白质。优选地,本发明的营养组合物包括选自乳清蛋白、酪蛋白或酪蛋白酸盐的蛋白质。优选地,本发明的营养组合物包括酪蛋白酸盐,更优选地,基于总蛋白,本发明的营养组合物包括至少70重量%,更优选至少90重量%的酪蛋白和/或酪蛋白酸盐。
优选地,包含完整(未水解)形式的所述蛋白质以获得可口的产品。与水解形式相比,这种高分子量蛋白质可增加所述热处理液体产品的粘度。发明人能够通过使用本发明的措施制作具有良好可口性和有限粘度的可接受的产品,并避免沉淀。
优选地,本发明的营养组合物包括0.2-16克蛋白质/100mL,优选0.2-10克蛋白质/100mL,更优选1-6克蛋白质/100mL,更优选2-5克蛋白质/100mL。
有利地,本发明的营养组合物可包含脂肪,所述脂肪包含组分a)下面提到的以外的脂肪组分。关于脂肪的类型,只要脂肪是食品质量的,可广泛选择。所述脂肪在室温下(25℃)可以是固体、半固体或液体(油)。
所述脂肪可包括一种或多种中链甘油三酯(MCT)、一种或多种长链甘油三酯(LCT)或这两种类型的任意组合。尤其地,所述一种或多种MCT可选自具有6、7、8、9或10个碳原子长度的甘油三酯链的MCT。所述一种或多种LCT通常至少有12个碳原子。
MCT是有益的,因为它们易于吸收和代谢。此外,MCT的使用将降低营养素吸收不良的风险。
LCT来源,例如菜籽油,更尤其芥酸含量低的菜籽油、向日葵油、玉米油、棕榈仁脂肪、椰子脂肪、棕榈油或其混合物是优选的,因为它们每单位脂肪提供更多的能量。
在具体实施方案中,基于本发明的营养组合物的总脂肪,所述脂肪包括30-60重量%的动物或藻类脂肪、40-70重量%的植物脂肪和任选0-20重量%的MCT。所述动物脂肪优选不包括乳脂或包括少量的乳脂,即低于6重量%,尤其是低于3重量%。尤其地,可存在包含一种或多种选自玉米油、蛋黄油、芥花油(canola oil)和海产油(marineoil)的油的混合物。蛋黄油、鱼油和藻油是优选的非植物脂肪来源。海产油是本发明的营养组合物中存在的DHA和/或EPA的来源。为了需要的味道,所述浓度优选地是所述脂肪的25重量%或更低,更优选15重量%或更低。
有利地,本发明的营养组合物可包括一种或多种可消化碳水化合物。所述可消化碳水化合物可正面地影响受试者的操作技能并可增加本发明的营养组合物的有利效应。基于干物质,可消化碳水化合物的总量优选为25-80重量%,优选40-80重量%。在本发明的液体营养组合物的情况下,所述组合物优选包含1-50克可消化碳水化合物/100mL液体产品,更优选5-30克/100mL,更优选10-30克可消化碳水化合物/100mL。
可消化碳水化合物的实例是可消化戊糖、可消化己糖和可消化寡糖,例如可消化二糖和可消化三糖。更具体地,一种或多种可消化碳水化合物可以选自半乳糖、甘露糖、核糖蔗糖、海藻糖、异麦芽酮糖、乳糖、麦芽糖葡萄糖(maltodextrose)、麦芽糖和葡萄糖。
任选地,本发明的营养组合物包括一种或多种非消化性碳水化合物(膳食纤维),例如寡糖。本文使用的术语寡糖尤其是指每个分子包含3-25个单糖单元的糖类。尤其地,所述寡糖可选自低聚果糖(FOS)、低聚半乳糖(GOS)、反式低聚半乳糖(TOS)、低聚木糖(XOS)、大豆寡糖等。任选地,较高分子量化合物例如菊粉、抗性淀粉等也可被纳入本发明的组合物。在本发明的进一步的实施方案中,本发明的组合物包括中性和酸性寡糖的混合物,例如WO2005/039597(N.V.Nutricia)中公开的;其中公开的组合物以引用的方式纳入本文中。
此外,尤其地可存在以下一种或多种组分:牛磺酸、半胱氨酸、锰、钼、锌、硒、镁、铬、铁、铜、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B3、维生素B5、维生素B6、叶酸、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素D、维生素E和生物素。
本发明使用的营养组合物尤其可选自:涂覆剂(spread);酸乳酪、液体、粉剂、软冻、冰淇淋、黄油和其他乳制品;乳制品替代品;果汁饮料;棒(bar)、甜点、浓缩物、肉批(pate)、果酱、凝胶、乳剂和饼干。
优选地,本发明的营养组合物或营养药物组合物是液体,优选用于医疗目的乳基液体营养组合物。
优选地,本发明的液体营养组合物的能量密度是80-450kcal/100mL所述组合物。更优选90-250kcal/100mL所述液体营养组合物。这被认为是尤其有利的,因为患有神经病或神经问题的人经常遇到进食问题。他们的感觉能力和/或肌肉的控制通常都依靠被告知,在一些情况下他们也有运用正常进食习惯的欲望。这些患者的一部分可能经历食欲的普遍丧失,该患者群中相对大的一部分变得营养不良。液体营养组合物相对易于给予,通过吃指定范围的高能值,这类人可相对容易地获得充足的热量摄入。
液体营养组合物优选具有长储存寿命。然而,通过热处理增加储存寿命经常导致所述产品失去稳定性和/或可口性,产生不合需要的产品。可对本发明的营养组合物进行热处理而对所述可口性没有大的不良作用。因此,本发明的营养组合物优选是热处理的,更优选对所述组合物进行灭菌处理。在优选的实施方案中,对本发明的营养组合物进行超高温处理(UHT处理)。优选在生产线上,即在将所述液体终产品装入包装单元前,使用这种UHT处理。
医学用途
本发明的制剂可用于预防和治疗受试者中的焦虑(尤其在抑郁受试者中)和抑郁,尤其是在对SSRI药物无反应的受试者中,尤其是在被诊断没有以下血管病症的受试者中:例如动脉粥样硬化、动脉硬化、闭塞性动脉硬化、心绞痛、心肌梗塞、脑血管意外、血栓形成、M.Bürger、脉管曲张、血栓性静脉炎、雷诺综合征、高胆固醇血症、高脂血症、高血压、与缺血相关的暂时性障碍、vene形成血栓(vene thrombose)、产后形成血栓、静脉曲张(脉管曲张)和血栓闭塞性脉管炎。当提及预防或治疗焦虑或抑郁时,应理解所述病症的潜在原因(5-羟色胺能系统)或症状之一或两者可被预防和治疗,尤其是所述症状可被消除、降低、减少或除去。
附图说明
图1:饮食介入对5-HTT-/-和5-HTT+/+大鼠的高架十字迷宫表现的效应。所述混合PUFA饮食降低了在5-HTT-/-大鼠中观察到的焦虑水平增加。*p<0.05,对照饮食的5-HTT-/-大鼠对比对照饮食的5-HTT+/+大鼠;#p<0.05,对照饮食对比混合PUFA饮食的5-HTT-/-大鼠。
图2:饮食介入对5-HTT-/-和5-HTT+/+大鼠在抑郁的强迫游泳测试中运动测量(左)和不运动测量(右)的效应。所述混合的PUFA饮食减少了在5-HTT-/-大鼠中观察到的抑郁样行为(运动减少/不运动增加)。*p<0.05,对照饮食的5-HTT-/-与对比对照饮食的5-HTT+/+大鼠比;#p<0.05,对照饮食与对比混合PUFA饮食的5-HTT-/-大鼠。
图3:饮食介入对5-HTT-/-和5-HTT+/+大鼠中的群居相互接触测试的效应。通过增加的接触时间(上左)和自我理毛行为的正常化(下左)证明,所述混合PUFA饮食改进了5-HTT-/-大鼠的群居行为。*p<0.05,对照饮食的5-HTT-/-对比对照饮食的5-HTT+/+大鼠;#p<0.05,对照饮食对比混合PUFA饮食的5-HTT-/-大鼠。
图4:饮食介入对5-HTT-/-和5-HTT+/+大鼠中条件性恐惧消失的效应。所述混合PUFA饮食改善了在5-HTT-/-大鼠中观察到的恐惧消失的缓慢速率。*p<0.05,对照饮食的5-HTT-/-对比对照饮食的5-HTT+/+大鼠;#p<0.05,对照饮食对比混合PUFA饮食的5-HTT-/-大鼠;ap<0.05,对照饮食对比混合PUFA饮食的5-HTT+/+大鼠。
图5:饮食介入对5-HTT-/-和5-HTT+/+大鼠中(通过DCX染色鉴定表现为新生神经元细胞体)海马神经发生的效应。所述混合PUFA饮食使5-HTT-/-大鼠中观察到的不正常神经发生正常化。对于所述指示的比较,*p<0.05。
图6:饮食介入对5-HTT-/-和5-HTT+/+大鼠中估计的海马体积的效应。所述混合PUFA饮食增加了5-HTT+/+大鼠的海马体积。对于所述指示的比较,*p<0.05。
实验
材料和方法
动物
通过ENU诱导的诱变产生5-羟色胺运载体敲除大鼠(Slc6a41Hubr)[36]。实验动物来自杂交杂合的5-HT运载体敲除(5-HTT+/-)大鼠,所述大鼠与商业化(Harlan,Ter Horst,The Netherlands)的野生型Wistar大鼠异型杂交至少8代。在温度(21±1℃)和湿度受控的房间(45-60%相对湿度)中所有动物以每笼2只安排,并在所述实验过程中随意获得水和食物。维持12/12小时光-暗周期,从早08:00至晚20:00维持光照。所有实验都经荷兰奈梅亨大学医学中心动物实验委员会(Committee for Animal Experiments of the Radboud UniversityNijmegen Medical Centre,Nijmegen,The Netherlands)批准,并尽最大努力使动物遭受的痛苦最小化并减少使用动物的数量。
饮食
从65日龄开始,用对照饮食或混合PUFA饮食喂养所述动物3个月(Research Diet Services,Wijk bij Duurstede,The Netherlands)。两种饮食均基于AIN-93M[37]、热量相等且它们的蛋白质、碳水化合物、纤维和矿物质含量相同。所述饮食之间的差别总结在表1中。与所述对照饮食相比,所述混合PUFA饮食提供ω-3-PUFA(鱼油)、磷脂(大豆卵磷脂)的组合和增高水平的B族维生素(吡哆醇(维生素B6)和叶酸(维生素B11))。
表1本研究中使用的所述两种等热量饮食之间的差别的概述。与所述对照饮食相比,所述混合PUFA饮食提供ω-3-PUFA(鱼油)、磷脂(大豆卵磷脂)和增高水平的B族维生素(吡哆醇和叶酸)的组合。
行为
高架十字迷宫
所述迷宫由聚氯乙烯定制。将其架高至50cm的高度,使两个开放臂(50×10)和两个闭合臂(50×10×40)布置为相同类型的臂彼此相对。所述开放臂中测量的照度是80lux。如以前所述[38]测试了雌性大鼠。将大鼠置于所述迷宫的中央,面朝所述开放臂中的一个,进行5分钟的自由探索。使用3.1软件(Noldus InformationTechnology BV,Wageningen,The Netherlands)自动记录和登记所述动物的运动和位置。结果以在开放臂中花时间的平均值表示。
强迫游泳测试
使用了以22(+/-1)℃水填充至30cm高度的圆柱形玻璃缸(50cm高×18cm直径)。如以前所述[38]测试了雌性大鼠。简言之,第一天15分钟的水中经验后,24小时后在水缸中测试所述动物5分钟。录像所述大鼠的运动,用于离线测量不运动持续时间(s)。如下定义所述行为变量“不运动”:至少持续2秒无运动或仅作出为了保持鼻子在水上面的必需运动。活跃的攀登、潜水和沿着器壁游泳被计为运动(s)。
群居相互接触测试
在具有丙烯酸塑料墙壁且填充有锯屑(2cm)的实验笼(50×50×75cm(l×w×h))中测量群居相互接触。所述实验室由安装在所述测试笼上方60cm的25-W荧光红灯照明。在所述测试前24小时,使雌性大鼠习惯所述测试笼10分钟。设计群居相互接触配对,使得两只大鼠是基因型和饮食匹配的;不将来自同窝或家庭笼的大鼠配对。测试当天,在所述测试前分离测试对2小时以增加群居行为的量,然后测试15分钟。在录像带上记录所述动物的行为。所述实验人员不知道所述动物的基因型和饮食组。使用Observer4.0(Noldus InformationTechnology,Wageningen,The Netherlands)记下以下行为的频率和持续时间:接触:嗅或舔所述测试伙伴的任何身体部分;自我理毛行为:舔前爪、洗脸、搔抓、身体理毛行为和生殖器理毛行为;跟从/追逐:向远去的的测试伙伴的方向运动或追逐远去的测试伙伴;无接触:没有这些行为。评估每个个体动物的行为。动物仅使用一次。
帕弗洛夫(Pavlovian)恐惧训练和消退
在具有透明墙壁和金属棒地板的自制小室中进行训练。将摄像机装在所述小室的顶部。习惯了所述小室后,所述动物接受由120秒驯化期、三对(60-120s可变刺激间隔)条件刺激(CS)(30秒,80dB,3kHz音调)和非条件刺激(US)(1s,0.6mA乱序足底电击)组成的训练期,其中在所述CS的最后2s过程中出现所述US(自制呆住程序)。120s无刺激巩固期后,使所述大鼠返回它们的家笼。24小时后,放置在与训练使用的小室不同的小室内的新环境(白色墙壁和固体树脂玻璃、不透明地板)中,测量初始CS-重现和后续CS-消退(测试1)。120s驯化期后,所述大鼠接受5次30s CS发生(60-120s可变刺激间隔)。24小时(测试2)和48小时(测试3)后重复所述相同步骤以评估消退。由不知道处理条件的经训练的观察者使用
Observer4.0(Noldus Information Technology)记下呆住状态(除了呼吸外没有可见的运动)。在每个时期内总结呆住,在消退测试2和3过程中的呆住以测试1过程中的呆住的%表示。
免疫组化
免疫染色
所述步骤采用自[38,39]。用0.1M PBS(pH7.3),然后用400ml溶于0.1M PB(PH7.2)的4%低聚甲醛心脏灌注麻醉的大鼠。随后,将脑从头骨取下并4℃下在4%低聚甲醛中固定过夜。将脑用0.1M PB中的30%蔗糖冷冻保护,然后切片。在冷冻切片机上切出脑切片,厚度40μm,并收集6个平行系列于含有0.1%叠氮化钠的0.1M PBS中。每只大鼠的一个系列用于每次染色。将所述自由漂浮的切片在PBS中洗涤三次,用0.3%过氧化氢水溶液(30%H2O2,Merck,Darmstadt,Germany)预孵育30分钟。在PBS中洗涤三次后,将所述切片在由含有0.1%牛血清蛋白和0.5%Triton X-100的PBS组成的孵育介质中预浸渍30分钟。室温下在摇床上将所述切片与山羊抗DCX(C-18末端;1:3000;Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc,Santa Cruz,CA,USA)一起过夜孵育。将所述切片与驴抗兔抗体(在孵育介质中1:1500,Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories,West Grove,PA,USA)室温下孵育90分钟,并与在PBS中按1:800稀释的ABC-elite(VectorLaboratories,Burlingame,CA,USA)室温下孵育90分钟。在孵育之间,以PBS冲洗切片3次。用3,3’-二氨基联苯胺四盐酸盐(DAB)染色使所述DCX抗体过氧化物酶复合体可见。将切片在色原体溶液(由0.05M Tris-缓冲液(pH7.6)中的0.02%DAB和0.03%Ni-硫酸铵组成)中孵育10分钟,随后在含有0.006%过氧化氢的色原体溶液中孵育10分钟。这产生了蓝-黑染色。然后,在PBS中将所述切片冲洗三次,安放在涂布有明胶铬明矾的载玻片上,在加热炉中37℃下干燥过夜,在递增系列的乙醇中脱水,在二甲苯中清洗,用Entellan(Merk)包埋,盖上盖玻片。
定量
使用软件程序Stereo Investigator(MicroBrightfield Inc,Williston,VT,USA)定量DCX免疫阳性细胞的数目。在20×放大率下,计数切片中立体坐标前囟点-3.30mm、-3.80mm和-4.16mm处的海马的细胞。每个受试者的结果表示为这三个切片计数的细胞加在一起的总量。使用2.5×放大率、立体坐标前卤-3.30mm处拍摄的海马照片估计海马体积。使用公开的区域图像处理程序ImageJ,我们随后在海马周围画出了轮廓,计算出所述海马的表面积。
统计分析
数据表示为均值±均值的标准差(S.E.M.)。使用可用于windows的版本16.0的Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS Inc.,Chicago,IL,USA)进行全部统计分析。以基因型和饮食作为受试者间因素使用双因素ANOVA或重复测量ANOVA(恐惧消退重现)分析数据。使用Student’s t-检验进一步分析显著的基因型×饮食相互影响。p<0.05的概率值被认为是显著的。NS=不显著。
结果
混合PUFA饮食在5-HTT-/-大鼠的高架十字迷宫中显示出抗焦虑的特性。
双因素ANOVA表明了在开放臂中花的时间的基因型效应(F(3,16)=9.69,p<0.01)和基因型×饮食相互影响(F(3,36)=9.77,p<0.01),而没有获得饮食的主效应(F(3,36)=0.93,NS)(图1)。对照饮食的5-HTT-/-大鼠比它们的5-HTT+/+对应鼠在十字迷宫的开放臂中花的时间明显更少(t(8)=4.2,p<0.005)。所述混合PUFA饮食增加了5-HTT-/-组在开放臂中花的时间(t(8)=3.2,p<0.05),而不影响5-HTT+/+大鼠(p>0.05)。
混合PUFA饮食在5-HTT-/-大鼠的强迫游泳测试中显示出抗抑郁样特性。
当在所述强迫游泳测试中评估游泳行为(运动)时,我们观察到了显著的基因型效应(F(3,12)=5.41,p<0.05)、饮食效应(F(3,12)=6.90,p<0.05)和基因型×饮食相互影响(F(3,12)=9.15,p<0.05)(图2a)。与5-HTT-/-大鼠相比,注意到了5-HTT+/+明显更长的运动时间,两者都是对照饮食(t(7)=4.7,p<0.01)。在所述5-HTT-/-大鼠内,已发现与对照饮食组相比在所述混合PUFA饮食组中运动时间显著增加(t(5)=3.3,p<0.05);没有在所述5-HTT+/+大鼠中发现该饮食效应(p>0.05)。对于漂浮(不运动)花的时间的效应大小是整体相似的。因此,存在基因型效应(F(3,12)=6.54,p<0.05)、饮食效应(F(3,12)=7.90,p<0.05)和基因型×饮食相互影响(F(3,12)=8.74,p<0.05)(图2b)。这些效应是由于与喂食对照饮食的5-HTT-/-大鼠相比在喂食对照饮食的5-HTT+/+大鼠中不运动时间显著减少(t(7)=4.0,p<0.01),喂食对照饮食的5-HTT-/-大鼠与喂食混合PUFA饮食的5-HTT-/-大鼠之间的差异显著(t(5)=3.4,p<0.05),而对照和混合PUFA饮食的5-HTT+/+大鼠之间无差异(p>0.1)。
混合PUFA饮食增强5-HTT-/-大鼠的群居行为
当在所述群居相互接触测试中分析花在与所述测试伙伴接触上的总时间时,我们发现了基因型×饮食相互影响(F(3,12)=14.27,p<0.005)(图3A)。此外,存在饮食效应(F(3,12)=5.32,p<0.05),而没有基因型的主效应(F(3,12)=0.01,NS)。与对照饮食的5-HTT-/-大鼠相比,对照饮食的5-HTT+/+大鼠在该测试过程中显著地在接触上花更多的时间(t(6)=4.8,p<0.005)。此外,所述混合PUFA饮食显著地增加5-HTT-/-基因型的接触时间(t(6)=3.8,p<0.01)。所述5-HTT+/+大鼠的对照饮食组和混合PUFA饮食组之间在接触时间上没有显著性差异(p>0.05)。在非接触参数中没有发现这些效应(基因型(F(3,12)=4.56,NS);饮食(F(3,12)=0.24,NS);基因型×饮食相互影响:(F(3,12)=2.67,NS))(图3B)。
当比较花在自我理毛行为上的时间时,我们发现了基因型×饮食相互影响(F(3,12)=10.98,p<0.01)、饮食效应(F(3,12)=6.99,p<0.05)和基因型效应(F(3,12)=14.90,p<0.005)(图3C)。当都喂食对照饮食时,与5-HTT-/-相比,5-HTT+/+在理毛行为上花更多的时间(t(6)=6.6,p<0.005)。比较喂食混合PUFA饮食的5-HTT-/-受试者和对照进食的对应鼠表明,后一组在自我理毛行为上花明显更多的时间(t(6)=4.2,p<0.005)。在5-HTT+/+动物中没发现该饮食效应(p<0.05)。
混合PUFA饮食有助于5-HTT-/-大鼠的恐惧消退
对花在呆住上的时间的重复测量ANOVA(以初始重现测试(测试1)过程中呆住的%表示)表明了基因型×饮食相互影响(F(3,12)=9.42,p<0.05)和基因型效应(F(3,12)=5.06,p<0.05),而无饮食效应(F(3,11)=0.25,NS)(图4)。因此,所述混合PUFA饮食在5-HTT-/-大鼠中有助于恐惧消退,若不是PUFA饮食则显示恐惧消退减弱。在测试3(t(6)=2.3,NS)过程中没有5-HTT+/+大鼠的饮食效应(t(6)=3.5,p<0.05),而测试2(t(7)=2.7,p<0.05)过程中对照饮食动物中的所述基因型效应在整个测试3(t(7)=2.9,p<0.05)中保持。此外,5-HTT-/-大鼠的所述饮食效应仅在测试3过程中被观察到(测试2:t(6)=0.93,NS;测试3:t(6)=2.4,p<0.05)。
混合PUFA饮食使5-HTT-/-大鼠的海马神经发生正常化
海马神经发生显示了基因型×饮食相互影响(F(3,31)=4.51,p<0.05)(图5)以及饮食的主效应(F(3,31)=6.42,p<0.05)。没有发现基因型效应(F(3,31)=3.93,NS)。当都被喂食所述对照饮食时,5-HTT-/-动物比5-HTT+/+大鼠显示出更多的DCX免疫染色(t(15)=2.42,p<0.05)。对5-HTT-/-动物中饮食效应的比较,发现在被喂食所述混合PUFA饮食的动物中DCX免疫阳性海马神经元显著减少(t(17)=3.38,p<0.005)。所述饮食对5-HTT+/+动物中神经发生没有效应(t(15)=0.32,NS)。
混合PUFA饮食消除5-HTT+/+和5-HTT-/-大鼠之间海马体积的差异
海马体积显示了基因型×饮食相互影响(F(3,31)=6.52,p<0.05)(图6)。没有发现显著的饮食效应(F(3,31)=1.42,NS)或基因型效应(F(3,31)=1.37,NS)。与5-HTT+/+大鼠相比,5-HTT-/-大鼠的海马体积更大(t(15)=2.98,p<0.001),作为给予所述混合PUFA饮食的结果,5-HTT+/+大鼠中所述海马显著增大(t(14)=3.05,p<0.001)。所述喂食混合PUFA饮食的两种基因型的动物在海马体积上没有差异(t(16)=0.84,NS)。
讨论
我们已经在已知可显示焦虑水平升高以及抑郁样症状的动物中研究了混合PUFA饮食的效应。在本研究中,所述5-HTT-/-大鼠显示出焦虑水平增高,这一点被在高架十字迷宫的开放臂上花的时间减少和条件性恐惧的更慢消退所证明。相似地,本研究中所述5-HTT-/-大鼠显示出抑郁样行为,这一点被在强迫游泳测试中不运动增加[38]和群居探索减少[40,41]所证明。与在另一个抑郁的动物模型中的先前观察结果[32]一致,所述包含ω-3-PUFA、磷脂和B族维生素的混合PUFA饮食在所述5-HTT-/-大鼠中减少了与阿尔茨海默病相关的抑郁样症状。此外,我们第一次证明所述相同的饮食介入可完全消除这些动物的焦虑。所述饮食诱导的行为改变在5-HTT-/-大鼠中伴有海马神经发生的正常化,以及野生型大鼠中海马体积的增加。本发明数据表明,ω-3-PUFA、磷脂和B族维生素的组合给药可用于治疗焦虑和抑郁,并可有助于使脑神经发生中的异常正常化。
行为测试
如预期和先前证明的,5-HTT-/-动物在所述高架十字迷宫的开放臂中花明显更少的时间,并且不能消除条件性恐惧反应[42]。这些行为表现分别对应于焦虑增加、行为绝望、社交减少和PTSD(创伤后精神紧张性障碍)样情绪,并且是被良好记载的严重抑郁性障碍以及其他情感障碍的特征[43-48]。有趣的是,虽然5-HTT-/-大鼠对SSRI无反应[41],所述混合PUFA饮食缓解这些症状到5-HTT-/-和5-HTT+/+大鼠的行为不能区分的程度。这些数据表明,混合PUFA饮食可作为替代物以在对SSRI无反应的受试者尤其是以遗传性5-HTT功能降低为特征的受试者中治疗焦虑和抑郁样症状。
以下发现具有特别意义:所述混合PUFA饮食显著增加了5-HTT-/-动物在所述群居相互接触测试中与不熟悉伙伴接触所花的总时间。5-HTT-/-大鼠的群居相互接触减少与发生孤独症的风险增加相关[48,49]。在这一点上,我们的发现与先前发现的ω-3-PUFA治疗患有孤独症的儿童的有益效应一致[50]。虽然仍需要确定对该治疗响应性的个体差异是否与5-HTTLPR基因型有关,但是有助于改进社交行为(作为长期ω-3-PUFA给药的结果)的通路可能是相似的。
神经发生
与所述行为数据类似,混合PUFA饮食有效地调节5-HTT-/-大鼠中的海马神经发生,使DCX免疫反应性神经元的量恢复到在5-HTT+/+大鼠中发现的水平。虽然结果非常类似,但DCX比“金标准”溴脱氧尿苷(BrdU)具有一些关键的优势:它既不需要为二级标记物染色以鉴定神经元,也不需要在活的动物中注射诱变剂。DCX作为神经发生的标志物已经被广泛验证[35,51]。
DCX免疫反应性在5-HTT-/-大鼠中增加并可通过给予这些动物混合PUFA饮食而减少,该观察结果与以下报告相矛盾:抑郁症状的恶化伴有海马体积的减小,以及以SSRI的成功治疗与5HT1A-依赖的海马神经发生增加有关[14]。我们已经假定了很多有关海马神经发生和抑郁症状减少之间并无关系的设想:
1]虽然5HT1A受体亲和力在5-HTT-/-啮齿类中可被降低[33,41],但是由于胞外5-HT水平增加,与5-HTT+/+动物相比在5-HTT缺陷的啮齿类中5HT1A信号传递仍然可能较高[33,41]。因为5HT1A信号传递增加可有助于海马神经发生,这可解释在所述5-HTT-/-大鼠中观察到的神经发生增加。作为混合PUFA饮食的结果的这种现象的逆转,与报导的多营养素饮食介入后5HT1A受体结合增加一致[21]。据推测,存在调节海马神经发生的最佳5-HT1A信号传递水平,所述混合PUFA饮食可有助于使其恢复。
2]也可通过血管变化解释ω-3-PUFA对5-HTT-/-大鼠中神经发生的效应。即,5-HTTLPR s-等位基因是血管疾病的危险因子,s-等位基因抑郁的患者的特征是血管异常[53]。缺血条件可——在一些情况下——增加神如经发生的水平,这出现在恢复的中风患者中。ω-3-PUFA摄入可对血管参数如脑灌注具有正效应,从而可能降低缺血诱导的海马神经发生的水平。血管条件改善可提高新生神经元的生存率,使得它们可整合到现有神经系统并有助于改善心境和认知。评估饮食治疗对5-HTT-/-大鼠中脑灌注和新生神经元的生存和整合的效应可为这些参数之间任何可能的关系提供更多的线索。
3]5-HTT-/-大鼠显示出脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)量在海马和前额皮质中减少[54]。这意味着海马神经元的存活率的降低,因为这两者被认为是紧密相关的[55]。BDNF减少可能导致新形成神经元的生存率降低,从而降低神经发生的效力。本研究观察到的5-HTT-/-大鼠神经增殖的增加,可反映一种补偿机制。因为已知补充ω-3-PUFA可增加海马BDNF的水平[56-58],所以可能已经改善了神经元生存率,降低了对额外的神经发生的需求。因此,Wellman et al[42]提出5-HTT-/-小鼠的恐惧消退受损是由有关杏仁核活性的前额皮质调节功能的紊乱引起的。这可通过源自下边缘皮质的树突延伸而部分地补偿,但这不足以使5-HTT-/-动物中条件性恐惧反应的消退正常化。研究这些新神经元在现有神经网络中生存和整合的能力在检验该设想中可被证明是有用的。
总之,ω-3-PUFA、磷脂和B族维生素的组合给药在5-HTT-/-大鼠中具有深远的抗抑郁和抗焦虑效应,并对该基因型中神经出现的神经发生增加有正常化效应。虽然推动这些有益效应的机制需要进一步研究,但是本研究的结果清楚地表明该饮食介入在人患者中作为推定的治疗介入。尤其是,考虑到5-HTT-/-啮齿类和所述5-HTTLPR的s-等位基因变体的类似性[33,59]以及显示s-等位基因携带者对SSRI整体反应不佳的meta-分析[13,60],我们的发现对于治疗以5-HTTLPR s-等位基因为特征的SSRI耐受患者可具有启发价值。
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Claims (10)
1.用于预防或治疗受试者中的焦虑或抑郁的制剂,包括以下组分:
a)至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA);
b)至少两种磷脂,选自磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺或其任意混合物;和
c)一种或多种是5-羟色胺代谢中的因子的化合物,选自B族维生素和色氨酸。
2.用于调节受试者中神经发生的制剂,包括以下组分:
a)至少一种ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA);
b)至少两种磷脂,选自磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺或其任意混合物;和
c)一种或多种是5-羟色胺代谢中的因子的化合物,选自B族维生素和色氨酸。
3.根据前述权利要求任一项的制剂,其中组分a)的ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸选自二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸。
4.根据前述权利要求任一项的制剂,其中组分b)至少包括磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项的制剂,其中所述组分c)至少包括维生素B6和叶酸。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项的制剂,包括另外的组分d),其中组分d)选自是甲硫氨酸代谢中的因子的化合物,例如叶酸、维生素B12、维生素B6、镁和锌;SAMe(S-腺苷甲硫氨酸)、胆碱、甜菜碱或铜;柠檬酸盐;石杉碱A;肉碱、维生素B1、维生素B5和辅酶Q10或其功能类似物;亲脂性硫胺源例如苯磷硫胺、蒜硫胺、呋喃硫胺或奥托硫胺;辅酶Q10;抗氧化剂例如维生素C、维生素E、硫辛酸、硒盐和类胡萝卜素;或银杏提取物。
7.根据前述权利要求任一项的制剂,被配制为营养组合物。
8.根据权利要求7的组合物,包括至少一种选自脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物的组分。
9.根据前述权利要求任一项的制剂,用于预防或治疗对SSRI药物无反应的受试者中的焦虑或抑郁。
10.根据前述权利要求任一项的制剂,用于预防或治疗还未被诊断患有血管病症的受试者中的焦虑或抑郁。
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PCT/NL2010/050558 WO2012030208A1 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2010-09-03 | Method and preparation for the treatment or prevention of anxiety or neurogenesis |
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US (1) | US20130230503A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2611313A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103200830A (zh) |
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Cited By (6)
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CN104435100A (zh) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-03-25 | 青岛大学 | 一种抗抑郁组合物 |
CN106690309A (zh) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-24 | 天津市康世生物技术有限公司 | 一种具有缓解焦虑、改善睡眠作用的组合物及其应用 |
CN107846953A (zh) * | 2015-07-29 | 2018-03-27 | 雅培制药有限公司 | 呈容易混合形式的具有改善的亲脂性溶解度和生物利用度的营养产品 |
CN109198642A (zh) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-15 | 江苏金惠甫山软件科技有限公司 | 缓解心理压力的组合物及其口服制剂 |
CN113892521A (zh) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-07 | 广州博罗霍生物科技有限公司 | 辅助缓解焦虑和抑郁症状的含宝乐果粉的复合粉及其制备方法 |
CN116138457A (zh) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-05-23 | 温州医科大学 | 一种具有缓解抑郁样症状作用的复合营养组合物 |
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DK2732027T3 (en) | 2011-07-12 | 2017-05-22 | Foodchek Systems Inc | CULTIVATION MEDIUM, METHOD OF CULTIVATING SALMONELLA AND E. COLI AND METHOD OF DETERMINING SALMONELLA AND E. COLI |
AU2016281870B2 (en) | 2015-06-22 | 2020-09-10 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Compositions and methods for enhancing neurogenesis in animals |
KR20180050331A (ko) * | 2015-08-17 | 2018-05-14 | 에스티 아이피 홀딩 아게 | 증가된 안정성 및 개선된 흡수율을 갖는 호노키올 및 마그놀롤 제형, 및 이의 사용 방법 |
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CN107846953A (zh) * | 2015-07-29 | 2018-03-27 | 雅培制药有限公司 | 呈容易混合形式的具有改善的亲脂性溶解度和生物利用度的营养产品 |
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CN113892521A (zh) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-07 | 广州博罗霍生物科技有限公司 | 辅助缓解焦虑和抑郁症状的含宝乐果粉的复合粉及其制备方法 |
CN116138457A (zh) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-05-23 | 温州医科大学 | 一种具有缓解抑郁样症状作用的复合营养组合物 |
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US20130230503A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
EP2611313A1 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
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WO2012030208A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
BR112013005069A2 (pt) | 2020-06-16 |
RU2013114826A (ru) | 2014-10-10 |
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