CH684193A5 - Procédé de préparation du ginkgolide B à partir du ginkgolide C. - Google Patents
Procédé de préparation du ginkgolide B à partir du ginkgolide C. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH684193A5 CH684193A5 CH1028/92A CH102892A CH684193A5 CH 684193 A5 CH684193 A5 CH 684193A5 CH 1028/92 A CH1028/92 A CH 1028/92A CH 102892 A CH102892 A CH 102892A CH 684193 A5 CH684193 A5 CH 684193A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- ginkgolide
- radical
- ester
- hours
- protected
- Prior art date
Links
- AMOGMTLMADGEOQ-DPFZUGDXSA-N ginkgolide C Natural products O=C1[C@@H](C)[C@]2(O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@]34[C@H]5[C@H](O)[C@@H](C(C)(C)C)[C@]63[C@H](O)C(=O)O[C@H]6O[C@@]24C(=O)O5)O1 AMOGMTLMADGEOQ-DPFZUGDXSA-N 0.000 title claims description 30
- AMOGMTLMADGEOQ-FNZROXQESA-N Ginkgolide C Chemical compound O([C@H]1O2)C(=O)[C@H](O)C31[C@]14[C@@H](O)[C@@H]5OC(=O)[C@@H](C)[C@]5(O)[C@@]12C(=O)O[C@@H]4[C@@H](O)[C@H]3C(C)(C)C AMOGMTLMADGEOQ-FNZROXQESA-N 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- SQOJOAFXDQDRGF-WJHVHIKBSA-N ginkgolide B Natural products O=C1[C@@H](C)[C@@]2(O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@]34[C@@H]5OC(=O)[C@]23O[C@H]2OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@]42[C@H](C(C)(C)C)C5)O1 SQOJOAFXDQDRGF-WJHVHIKBSA-N 0.000 title claims description 12
- SQOJOAFXDQDRGF-MMQTXUMRSA-N ginkgolide-b Chemical compound O[C@H]([C@]12[C@H](C(C)(C)C)C[C@H]3OC4=O)C(=O)O[C@H]2O[C@]24[C@@]13[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H](C)[C@]21O SQOJOAFXDQDRGF-MMQTXUMRSA-N 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- -1 imidazolyl radical Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 9
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KHUXNRRPPZOJPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxy radical Chemical compound O=C1C=C[CH]C=C1 KHUXNRRPPZOJPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylstannane Chemical compound CCCC[SnH](CCCC)CCCC DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- KOSYAAIZOGNATQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-phenyl chloromethanethioate Chemical compound ClC(=S)OC1=CC=CC=C1 KOSYAAIZOGNATQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- SCHZCUMIENIQMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl)silicon Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)[Si]([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C SCHZCUMIENIQMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BYDHRNHGQJHERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N S-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl) chloromethanethioate Chemical compound C1(=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)SC(=O)Cl)F)F)F BYDHRNHGQJHERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YHASWHZGWUONAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCC YHASWHZGWUONAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RAFNCPHFRHZCPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N di(imidazol-1-yl)methanethione Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=S)N1C=CN=C1 RAFNCPHFRHZCPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- DUCKXCGALKOSJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanoyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OC(=O)CCCC DUCKXCGALKOSJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002813 thiocarbonyl group Chemical group *C(*)=S 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical group O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [C]1=CC=CC=C1 CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YYPUSXWRDIQUQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoxymethanethioic s-acid Chemical compound OC(=S)OC1=CC=CC=C1 YYPUSXWRDIQUQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ANIZQNYNRPWGDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) chloromethanethioate Chemical compound ClC(=O)SC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl ANIZQNYNRPWGDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930184727 ginkgolide Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N medroxyprogesterone acetate Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)CC(=O)C=C1[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@](OC(C)=O)(C(C)=O)CC[C@H]21 PSGAAPLEWMOORI-PEINSRQWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- HVAUUPRFYPCOCA-AREMUKBSSA-N 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC[C@@H](OC(C)=O)COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C HVAUUPRFYPCOCA-AREMUKBSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N AIBN Substances N#CC(C)(C)\N=N\C(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000194101 Ginkgo biloba Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010003541 Platelet Activating Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930004069 diterpene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KCUPMEKDPZGHOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) chloromethanethioate Chemical compound ClC(=S)OC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl KCUPMEKDPZGHOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H17/00—Compounds containing heterocyclic radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB919107425A GB9107425D0 (en) | 1991-04-09 | 1991-04-09 | Preparation of ginkgolide b |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH684193A5 true CH684193A5 (fr) | 1994-07-29 |
Family
ID=10692881
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1028/92A CH684193A5 (fr) | 1991-04-09 | 1992-03-31 | Procédé de préparation du ginkgolide B à partir du ginkgolide C. |
Country Status (33)
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3490276A (en) * | 1968-04-29 | 1970-01-20 | Earl B Maxwell | Automobile road testing device |
| US3826129A (en) * | 1972-08-15 | 1974-07-30 | J Wiss | Automotive vehicular dynamometer |
| KR0136986B1 (ko) * | 1993-12-31 | 1998-04-25 | 김준웅 | 신규 징코라이드 유도체와 이의 제조방법 |
| GB9408044D0 (en) * | 1994-04-22 | 1994-06-15 | Sod Conseils Rech Applic | Conversion of ginkgolide c to ginkgolide b |
| AU692401B2 (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 1998-06-04 | Craig Thomas Marriott | Improved docking apparatus |
| KR970032857A (ko) * | 1995-12-29 | 1997-07-22 | 김준웅 | 약제 조성물 |
| US6030621A (en) * | 1998-03-19 | 2000-02-29 | De Long; Xie | Ginkgo biloba composition, method to prepare the same and uses thereof |
| FR2777280B1 (fr) * | 1998-04-10 | 2001-04-20 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Derives de ginkgolides, leur procede de preparation et compositions pharmaceutiques les contenant |
| US6946283B2 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2005-09-20 | William Marsh Rice University | Ginkgo biloba levopimaradiene synthase |
| US7238514B2 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2007-07-03 | William Marsh Rice University | Diterpene-producing unicellular organism |
| FR2823116B1 (fr) * | 2001-04-10 | 2004-11-19 | Sod Conseils Rech Applic | Procede de preparation d'une extrait de feuilles de ginkgo biloba hautement enrichi en principes actifs |
| US20090156668A1 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2009-06-18 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Ginkgolide Compounds, Compositions, And Extracts, And Uses Thereof |
| CN103450217B (zh) * | 2013-09-02 | 2015-12-02 | 北京绿科天成生物科技有限公司 | 粗毛韧革菌菌体在制备银杏内酯b中的应用 |
| CN105367582B (zh) * | 2014-08-11 | 2019-06-25 | 广东东阳光药业有限公司 | 银杏内酯b衍生物及其在药物中的应用 |
| KR102105451B1 (ko) | 2015-12-18 | 2020-04-28 | 청두 바이위 징코라이드 파마슈티컬즈 컴퍼니 리미티드 | 징코라이드b 유도체, 그 제조 방법 및 응용 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8418424D0 (en) * | 1984-07-19 | 1984-08-22 | Scras | Inhibition of platelets aggregation |
| KR940002795B1 (ko) * | 1989-06-16 | 1994-04-02 | 주식회사 선경인더스트리 | 은행잎에서 징코라이드를 분리 및 정제하는 방법 |
-
1991
- 1991-04-09 GB GB919107425A patent/GB9107425D0/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-03-24 GR GR920100118A patent/GR1001019B/el unknown
- 1992-03-25 AT AT0060992A patent/AT401059B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-03-25 TW TW081102301A patent/TW223076B/zh active
- 1992-03-25 NL NL9200549A patent/NL9200549A/nl active Search and Examination
- 1992-03-30 US US07/860,165 patent/US5241084A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-30 IN IN285DE1992 patent/IN178153B/en unknown
- 1992-03-31 ZA ZA922352A patent/ZA922352B/xx unknown
- 1992-03-31 CH CH1028/92A patent/CH684193A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-04-01 NZ NZ242188A patent/NZ242188A/en unknown
- 1992-04-01 GB GB9207131A patent/GB2254612B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-04-01 AR AR92322062A patent/AR247568A1/es active
- 1992-04-03 BE BE9200313A patent/BE1005089A3/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-04-03 IT ITMI920807A patent/IT1255636B/it active IP Right Grant
- 1992-04-03 JP JP04082362A patent/JP3131494B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-04-04 MY MYPI92000585A patent/MY108426A/en unknown
- 1992-04-07 MA MA22778A patent/MA22497A1/fr unknown
- 1992-04-07 TN TNTNSN92028A patent/TNSN92028A1/fr unknown
- 1992-04-07 LU LU88094A patent/LU88094A1/xx unknown
- 1992-04-07 FI FI921523A patent/FI921523A7/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-04-07 CA CA002065501A patent/CA2065501C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-04-08 DK DK047492A patent/DK171400B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-04-08 KR KR1019920005828A patent/KR100232068B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-04-08 IE IE921118A patent/IE69326B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-04-08 SE SE9201125A patent/SE9201125L/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-04-08 ES ES9200747A patent/ES2038560B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-04-08 DZ DZ920034A patent/DZ1569A1/fr active
- 1992-04-08 AU AU14704/92A patent/AU647350B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-04-08 NO NO921388A patent/NO300215B1/no unknown
- 1992-04-08 PT PT100363A patent/PT100363A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-04-09 DE DE4212019A patent/DE4212019C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-04-09 FR FR9204337A patent/FR2675145B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-04-09 OA OA60182A patent/OA09695A/fr unknown
-
1996
- 1996-03-21 HK HK48296A patent/HK48296A/xx unknown
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