CA2187125A1 - Continuous process for the preparation of highly stable, finely divided, low viscosity polymer polyols of small average particle size - Google Patents
Continuous process for the preparation of highly stable, finely divided, low viscosity polymer polyols of small average particle sizeInfo
- Publication number
- CA2187125A1 CA2187125A1 CA002187125A CA2187125A CA2187125A1 CA 2187125 A1 CA2187125 A1 CA 2187125A1 CA 002187125 A CA002187125 A CA 002187125A CA 2187125 A CA2187125 A CA 2187125A CA 2187125 A1 CA2187125 A1 CA 2187125A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- macromer
- weight
- polyol
- reactor
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/63—Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers
- C08G18/635—Block or graft polymers obtained by polymerising compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds on to polymers onto unsaturated polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polyethers, polyoxymethylenes or polyacetals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
- C08F290/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
- C08F290/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
- C08F290/04—Polymers provided for in subclasses C08C or C08F
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0008—Foam properties flexible
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0016—Foam properties semi-rigid
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polyethers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95115940A EP0768324B1 (en) | 1995-10-10 | 1995-10-10 | Continuous process for the preparation of highly stable, finely divided, low viscosity polymer polyols of small average particle size |
| EP95115940.9 | 1995-10-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2187125A1 true CA2187125A1 (en) | 1997-04-11 |
Family
ID=8219706
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002187125A Abandoned CA2187125A1 (en) | 1995-10-10 | 1996-10-04 | Continuous process for the preparation of highly stable, finely divided, low viscosity polymer polyols of small average particle size |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5814699A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0768324B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPH09124750A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100433147B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1069654C (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR9605032A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2187125A1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE69518423T2 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2148397T3 (enExample) |
| MX (1) | MX9604686A (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TW375618B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (76)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10198539A (ja) * | 1997-01-08 | 1998-07-31 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 画像形成装置および画像形成方法 |
| US6013731A (en) * | 1997-12-16 | 2000-01-11 | Arco Chemical Technology L.P. | Stabilizer based on high molecular weight polyols having low monol content for polymer polyol production |
| DE19903390A1 (de) | 1999-01-29 | 2000-08-03 | Bayer Ag | Stabilisierte, feindisperse niedrigviskose Polymerpolyole mit einem hohen Gehalt an Polystyrol oder Polystyrol-Copolymerisaten |
| US6756414B2 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2004-06-29 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Polymer polyol composition, process for producing the same, and process for producing polyurethane resin |
| US6624209B2 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2003-09-23 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Polymer polyol composition, process for producing the same, and process for producing polyurethane resin |
| CA2325972A1 (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2001-05-24 | Dainippon Ink And Chemicals, Inc. | Compatibilizing agent, radical copolymerizable unsaturated resin composition, molding material, and molded article |
| JP4782940B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-27 | 2011-09-28 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 親水性グラフト重合体の製造方法 |
| MXPA04008161A (es) * | 2002-03-15 | 2005-05-17 | Basf Ag | Polioles de injerto con una distribucion de tamano de particula bimodal y metodo para producir polioles de injerto de este tipo, ademas del uso de los mismos para producir poliuretanos. |
| US20050245724A1 (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2005-11-03 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Process for production of polymer polyol, and polymer polyol |
| US8017664B2 (en) | 2002-05-22 | 2011-09-13 | Shell Oil Company | Process for preparing polymer polyols |
| US7148288B2 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2006-12-12 | Basf Corporation | Process for formation of preformed stabilizer polyols |
| US8470927B2 (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2013-06-25 | Bayer Materialscience Llc | Process for production of polymer polyols |
| DE102004017294A1 (de) * | 2004-04-05 | 2005-10-20 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethan-Schaumstoffen |
| US20050239968A1 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2005-10-27 | Heyman Duane A | Process for preparing graft polyols using enol ethers as reaction moderators |
| US7759423B2 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2010-07-20 | Bayer Materialscience Llc | Polymer polyols with ultra-high solids contents |
| US7160975B2 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2007-01-09 | Bayer Materialscience Llc | Methacrylates as stabilizers for polymer polyols |
| US7179882B2 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2007-02-20 | Bayer Materialscience Llc | Low viscosity polymer polyols |
| JP5177614B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-07 | 2013-04-03 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 微粒子分散ポリオール組成物およびポリウレタン樹脂の製法 |
| RU2380388C2 (ru) | 2005-07-07 | 2010-01-27 | Санио Кемикал Индастриз, Лтд. | Полиольная композиция, содержащая диспергированные мелкие частицы, способ получения полимерного полиола и способ получения полиуретановой смолы |
| US20070060690A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2007-03-15 | Bayer Materialscience Llc | Low viscosity polymer polyols characterized by a high hydroxyl number |
| US20080071056A1 (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2008-03-20 | Borst Joseph P | Method of forming a graft polyol and polyurethane article formed from the graft polyol |
| US7776969B2 (en) | 2006-12-04 | 2010-08-17 | Bayer Materialscience Llc | Allophanate-modified stabilizers and the polymer polyols prepared from these stabilizers |
| EP2194097B1 (en) | 2007-09-28 | 2013-07-03 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Polymer polyol, method for producing the same, and method for producing polyurethane resin |
| JP4851503B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-10 | 2012-01-11 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 微粒子分散ポリオールの製造方法及びポリウレタン樹脂の製造方法 |
| US20090163613A1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-06-25 | Guelcher Scott A | Polymer polyols with improved properties and a process for their production |
| EP2254938A1 (de) * | 2008-03-10 | 2010-12-01 | Basf Se | Verbundformteil insbesondere für den möbelbau |
| MX2011000937A (es) * | 2008-07-25 | 2011-03-04 | Basf Se | Productos lignocelulosicos y metodos para formar los mismos. |
| US10239985B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2019-03-26 | Covestro Llc | Polymer polyols comprising a natural oil base polyol, polyurethane foams comprising these polymer polyols and processes for their preparation |
| US8303680B2 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2012-11-06 | Basf Se | Encapsulated particle |
| EP2601231A1 (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2013-06-12 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process for preparing polymer polyols |
| US8946313B2 (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2015-02-03 | Bayer Materialscience Llc | Hybrid PHD/PMPO polyols for polyurethane foam applications |
| US10066047B2 (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2018-09-04 | Covestro Llc | Polyurethane foams with decreased aldehyde emissions, a process for preparing these foams and a method for decreasing aldehyde in polyurethane foams |
| US8835565B2 (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2014-09-16 | Bayer Materialscience Llc | Preformed stabilizers useful for the production of polymer polyols and polymer polyols produced therefrom |
| US9163099B2 (en) | 2013-03-08 | 2015-10-20 | Bayer Materialscience Llc | Polybutadiene modified polymer polyols, foams prepared from polybutadiene modified polymer polyols, and processes for the production thereof |
| US8987396B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-03-24 | Bayer Materialscience Llc | Active polymer polyols and a process for their production |
| CN103408704B (zh) * | 2013-05-07 | 2015-07-29 | 江苏长华聚氨酯科技有限公司 | 制备高稳定性聚合物多元醇的连续方法 |
| WO2015048441A1 (en) | 2013-09-30 | 2015-04-02 | Basf Se | Lignocellulosic composite articles |
| EP2894180A1 (en) | 2014-01-08 | 2015-07-15 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Polymer Polyols comprising a Polyether Carbonate Polyol as the Base Polyol |
| EP3137527B1 (en) | 2014-04-30 | 2023-11-22 | Basf Se | Stabilizer for polymer polyol production processes |
| JP6715185B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-30 | 2020-07-01 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | ポリマーポリオールの製造方法 |
| CN104211906A (zh) * | 2014-08-05 | 2014-12-17 | 滁州宝瑞橡胶制品有限公司 | 一种汽车用高回弹坐垫 |
| CN104292681B (zh) * | 2014-09-24 | 2018-04-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 聚合物多元醇粒度调节剂及其制备方法 |
| CN105585652B (zh) * | 2014-10-20 | 2018-12-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 预制稳定剂的制备方法及由其制备聚合物多元醇的方法 |
| US9951174B2 (en) | 2015-05-20 | 2018-04-24 | Covestro Llc | Polyol compositions, a process for the production of these polyol compositions, and their use in the production of open celled polyurethane foams having high airflow |
| US9505881B1 (en) | 2015-06-10 | 2016-11-29 | Covestro Llc | Polymer polyol compositions, a process for preparing these novel polymer polyol compositions, flexible foams prepared from these novel polymer polyols and a process for the preparation of these flexible foams |
| CN106589251B (zh) * | 2015-10-20 | 2019-04-12 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | 一种连续制备聚合物多元醇的方法 |
| US11312811B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 | 2022-04-26 | Covestro Llc | Flexible foam using polymer polyols produced via DMC catalyzed polyols |
| CN106188425B (zh) * | 2016-07-30 | 2018-06-22 | 山东隆华新材料股份有限公司 | 无需脱除链转移剂法生产的pop及其生产方法 |
| US10040903B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 | 2018-08-07 | Covestro Llc | Polymer polyol quality |
| US10767008B2 (en) | 2017-01-16 | 2020-09-08 | Covestro Llc | Polymer polyols comprising amine based polyether polyols and a process for preparing these polymer polyols |
| CN110402263B (zh) | 2017-03-15 | 2022-06-07 | 科思创有限公司 | 具有降低的温度敏感性的粘弹性聚氨酯泡沫 |
| US10766998B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 | 2020-09-08 | Covestro Llc | Flexible polyurethane foams |
| US10479862B2 (en) | 2017-12-07 | 2019-11-19 | Covestro Llc | Amine based polymer polyol stabilizers |
| CN108003297B (zh) * | 2017-12-12 | 2020-04-10 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种聚合物多元醇的制备方法及其制备的聚合物多元醇 |
| US10526484B2 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2020-01-07 | Covestro Llc | Dithiocarbonate containing polyols as polymer polyol stabilizers |
| KR101998849B1 (ko) * | 2018-03-02 | 2019-07-11 | 금호석유화학 주식회사 | 저점도를 갖는 고고형분 폴리머 폴리올의 제조방법 |
| CN108559033B (zh) * | 2018-04-10 | 2021-02-26 | 长华化学科技股份有限公司 | 大分子稳定剂预聚体的制备方法 |
| CN108570130B (zh) * | 2018-04-10 | 2021-04-13 | 长华化学科技股份有限公司 | 高性能聚合物多元醇的制备方法 |
| WO2019222490A1 (en) | 2018-05-16 | 2019-11-21 | Basf Se | Wood composite articles |
| US20210253861A1 (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2021-08-19 | Basf Se | Lignocellulosic composite articles |
| US10793692B2 (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2020-10-06 | Covestro Llc | Viscoelastic flexible foams comprising hydroxyl-terminated prepolymers |
| US10851239B2 (en) | 2018-11-07 | 2020-12-01 | Covestro Llc | Ethylenically unsaturated macromers produced from a residue of isocyanate manufacturing, related preformed stabilizers, polymer polyols, foam-forming compositions and foams |
| US10781310B2 (en) | 2019-02-08 | 2020-09-22 | Covestro Llc | Polymer polyol stabilizers |
| EP3938415A1 (en) | 2019-03-15 | 2022-01-19 | Basf Se | Lignocellulosic composite articles |
| WO2021071808A1 (en) | 2019-10-09 | 2021-04-15 | Covestro Llc | Methods, systems and computer program products for producing polyurethane foam products using optical and infrared imaging |
| US11421063B2 (en) | 2019-10-10 | 2022-08-23 | Covestro Llc | Preformed stabilizers with improved stability |
| ES2919658T3 (es) | 2020-02-25 | 2022-07-27 | Repsol Sa | Procedimiento para preparar polioles poliméricos |
| CN113557251B (zh) * | 2020-02-25 | 2024-02-20 | 雷普索尔有限公司 | 用于制备聚合物多元醇的方法 |
| KR102401573B1 (ko) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-05-25 | 금호석유화학 주식회사 | 폴리머 폴리올의 제조방법 |
| CN112851878A (zh) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-28 | 福建省天骄化学材料有限公司 | 一种高固含量聚合物多元醇及其制备方法 |
| US11572433B2 (en) | 2021-03-12 | 2023-02-07 | Covestro Llc | In-situ formed polyols, a process for their preparation, foams prepared from these in-situ formed polyols and a process for their preparation |
| US11866543B2 (en) | 2021-05-06 | 2024-01-09 | Covestro Llc | Glycidyl (meth)acrylate polymer polyol stabilizers |
| US11718705B2 (en) | 2021-07-28 | 2023-08-08 | Covestro Llc | In-situ formed polyether polyols, a process for their preparation, and a process for the preparation of polyurethane foams |
| US11952454B2 (en) | 2021-10-18 | 2024-04-09 | Covestro Llc | Processes and production plants for producing polymer polyols |
| CN114644733B (zh) * | 2022-02-16 | 2024-11-12 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种聚合物多元醇制备方法 |
| KR102832049B1 (ko) * | 2022-06-14 | 2025-07-10 | 금호석유화학 주식회사 | 폴리머 폴리올 및 그 제조방법 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4148840A (en) * | 1978-03-29 | 1979-04-10 | Union Carbide Corporation | Polymer/polyol compositions made from preformed polymer/polyols, processes for making same and processes for making polyurethane products therefrom |
| JPS54133582A (en) * | 1978-04-07 | 1979-10-17 | Mitsui Nisso Urethane | Preparation of polymerpolyol |
| US4242249A (en) * | 1979-04-03 | 1980-12-30 | Union Carbide Corporation | Polymer/polyols via non-aqueous dispersion stabilizers |
| US4690956A (en) * | 1982-04-01 | 1987-09-01 | Basf Corporation | Process for the preparation of graft polymer dispersions and flame-retardant polyurethane foams |
| US4550194A (en) * | 1982-04-01 | 1985-10-29 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Process for the preparation of polyether-ester polyols |
| US4458038A (en) * | 1982-04-01 | 1984-07-03 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Process for the preparation of white graft polymer dispersions and flame-retardant polyurethane foams |
| US4454255A (en) * | 1982-04-01 | 1984-06-12 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Process for the preparation of white graft polymer dispersions and flame-retardant polyurethane foams |
| US4689354A (en) * | 1982-04-01 | 1987-08-25 | Basf Corporation | Process for the preparation of white graft polymer dispersions and flame-retardant polyurethane foams |
| USRE33291E (en) * | 1982-04-01 | 1990-08-07 | Basf Corporation | Process for the preparation of white graft polymer dispersions and flame-retardant polyurethane foams |
| DE3612376A1 (de) * | 1986-04-12 | 1987-10-15 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum herstellen kleinteiliger homo- und copolymerisate des ethens unter verwendung eines fluessigen alkans als reaktionsmedium |
| US4956427A (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1990-09-11 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. | Process for reducing polymer build-up in polymerization equipment during polymerization of alpha-olefins |
| US4960956A (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1990-10-02 | Shell Oil Company | Modified bisphenols having at least one arylcyclobutenealkyl moiety and cured products therefrom |
| US5223570A (en) * | 1990-02-07 | 1993-06-29 | Basf Corporation | Method for the preparation of graft polymer dispersions having broad particle size distribution without wildly fluctuating viscosities |
| US5364906A (en) * | 1993-08-20 | 1994-11-15 | Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. | Low viscosity polymer polyols with improved dispersion stability |
| DE4431226A1 (de) * | 1994-09-02 | 1996-03-07 | Bayer Ag | Niedrigviskose, stabile agglomeratfreie Polymerpolyole, ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung zur Herstellung von Polyurethankunststoffen |
-
1995
- 1995-10-10 EP EP95115940A patent/EP0768324B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-10 ES ES95115940T patent/ES2148397T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-10 DE DE69518423T patent/DE69518423T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-10-03 US US08/723,659 patent/US5814699A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-04 CA CA002187125A patent/CA2187125A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-10-09 KR KR1019960044861A patent/KR100433147B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-09 TW TW085112322A patent/TW375618B/zh active
- 1996-10-09 JP JP8285938A patent/JPH09124750A/ja active Pending
- 1996-10-09 BR BR9605032A patent/BR9605032A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-09 MX MX9604686A patent/MX9604686A/es unknown
- 1996-10-10 CN CN96112759A patent/CN1069654C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5814699A (en) | 1998-09-29 |
| CN1160061A (zh) | 1997-09-24 |
| ES2148397T3 (es) | 2000-10-16 |
| KR100433147B1 (ko) | 2004-09-24 |
| DE69518423T2 (de) | 2000-12-14 |
| JPH09124750A (ja) | 1997-05-13 |
| TW375618B (en) | 1999-12-01 |
| EP0768324A1 (en) | 1997-04-16 |
| DE69518423D1 (de) | 2000-09-21 |
| CN1069654C (zh) | 2001-08-15 |
| BR9605032A (pt) | 1998-06-30 |
| MX9604686A (es) | 1998-04-30 |
| EP0768324B1 (en) | 2000-08-16 |
| KR970021113A (ko) | 1997-05-28 |
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Effective date: 20051004 |