ZA968942B - Process for improving productivity of a carbonylation catalyst solution by removing corrosion metals. - Google Patents
Process for improving productivity of a carbonylation catalyst solution by removing corrosion metals.Info
- Publication number
- ZA968942B ZA968942B ZA9608942A ZA968942A ZA968942B ZA 968942 B ZA968942 B ZA 968942B ZA 9608942 A ZA9608942 A ZA 9608942A ZA 968942 A ZA968942 A ZA 968942A ZA 968942 B ZA968942 B ZA 968942B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst solution
- improving productivity
- carbonylation catalyst
- corrosion metals
- removing corrosion
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C51/47—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by solid-liquid treatment; by chemisorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0231—Halogen-containing compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/20—Carbonyls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/40—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J31/4015—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals
- B01J31/4023—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J31/4038—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper containing noble metals
- B01J31/4046—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts containing metals containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper containing noble metals containing rhodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/74—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general utilising ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/10—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C51/12—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide on an oxygen-containing group in organic compounds, e.g. alcohols
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/34—Other additions, e.g. Monsanto-type carbonylations, addition to 1,2-C=X or 1,2-C-X triplebonds, additions to 1,4-C=C-C=X or 1,4-C=-C-X triple bonds with X, e.g. O, S, NH/N
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/822—Rhodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/08—Halides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
- B01J31/08—Ion-exchange resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US54960995A | 1995-10-27 | 1995-10-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ZA968942B true ZA968942B (en) | 1998-04-24 |
Family
ID=24193714
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA9608942A ZA968942B (en) | 1995-10-27 | 1996-10-24 | Process for improving productivity of a carbonylation catalyst solution by removing corrosion metals. |
Country Status (27)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5731252A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0920407B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP3955326B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR100462697B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1092179C (enExample) |
| AR (1) | AR004107A1 (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE229493T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU702225B2 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR9611164A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2234853C (enExample) |
| CZ (1) | CZ297265B6 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE69625385T2 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2185809T3 (enExample) |
| HU (1) | HUP9901881A3 (enExample) |
| IN (1) | IN189249B (enExample) |
| MY (1) | MY112995A (enExample) |
| NO (1) | NO309858B1 (enExample) |
| NZ (1) | NZ321758A (enExample) |
| PL (1) | PL185073B1 (enExample) |
| RU (1) | RU2156656C2 (enExample) |
| SA (1) | SA96170479B1 (enExample) |
| TR (1) | TR199800738T2 (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TW419393B (enExample) |
| UA (1) | UA48988C2 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO1997015544A1 (enExample) |
| YU (1) | YU49355B (enExample) |
| ZA (1) | ZA968942B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (61)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0410289D0 (en) * | 2004-05-07 | 2004-06-09 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Process |
| US7820855B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2010-10-26 | Celanese International Corporation | Method and apparatus for carbonylating methanol with acetic acid enriched flash stream |
| US7790920B2 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-09-07 | Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. | Preparation of acetic acid |
| US8575403B2 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2013-11-05 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate in ethanol separation process |
| US8664454B2 (en) | 2010-07-09 | 2014-03-04 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for production of ethanol using a mixed feed using copper containing catalyst |
| US8710279B2 (en) | 2010-07-09 | 2014-04-29 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenolysis of ethyl acetate in alcohol separation processes |
| US9272970B2 (en) | 2010-07-09 | 2016-03-01 | Celanese International Corporation | Hydrogenolysis of ethyl acetate in alcohol separation processes |
| WO2012148509A1 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for producing ethanol using a stacked bed reactor |
| US8378141B2 (en) | 2010-08-16 | 2013-02-19 | Celanese International Corporation | Process and system for supplying vapor from drying column to light ends column |
| US8530696B2 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2013-09-10 | Celanese International Corporation | Pump around reactor for production of acetic acid |
| US8877963B2 (en) | 2010-09-28 | 2014-11-04 | Celanese International Corporation | Production of acetic acid with high conversion rate |
| US8394988B2 (en) | 2010-09-28 | 2013-03-12 | Celanese International Corporation | Production of acetic acid with high conversion rate |
| US8461379B2 (en) | 2010-10-12 | 2013-06-11 | Celanese International Corporation | Production of acetic acid comprising feeding at least one reactant to a recycle stream |
| US8637698B2 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2014-01-28 | Celanese International Corporation | Production of acetic acid with an increased production rate |
| US8563773B2 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2013-10-22 | Celanese International Corporation | Eductor-based reactor and pump around loops for production of acetic acid |
| BR112013016630B1 (pt) | 2010-12-30 | 2022-03-03 | Celanese International Corporation | Composição de resina de troca iônica, leito de proteção e processo para purificar uma composição de ácido acético bruto |
| WO2012149137A1 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for the production of ethanol from an acetic acid feed and a recycled ethyl acetate feed |
| US8754268B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2014-06-17 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for removing water from alcohol mixtures |
| US8884081B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2014-11-11 | Celanese International Corporation | Integrated process for producing acetic acid and alcohol |
| US8686199B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2014-04-01 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for reducing the concentration of acetic acid in a crude alcohol product |
| US9073816B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2015-07-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Reducing ethyl acetate concentration in recycle streams for ethanol production processes |
| US8592635B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2013-11-26 | Celanese International Corporation | Integrated ethanol production by extracting halides from acetic acid |
| US8952196B2 (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2015-02-10 | Celanese International Corporation | Removal of aromatics from carbonylation process |
| US8697908B2 (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2014-04-15 | Celanese International Corporation | Removal of amine compounds from carbonylation process stream containing corrosion metal contaminants |
| JP2014527456A (ja) | 2011-05-13 | 2014-10-16 | ノボマー， インコーポレイテッド | 触媒的カルボニル化用触媒および方法 |
| US8895786B2 (en) | 2011-08-03 | 2014-11-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for increasing alcohol production |
| US9663437B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2017-05-30 | Celanese International Corporation | Production of acetic acid with high conversion rate |
| US8686201B2 (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2014-04-01 | Celanese International Corporation | Integrated acid and alcohol production process having flashing to recover acid production catalyst |
| US8614359B2 (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2013-12-24 | Celanese International Corporation | Integrated acid and alcohol production process |
| AR087712A1 (es) | 2012-02-08 | 2014-04-09 | Celanese Int Corp | Produccion de acido acetico con una alta proporcion de conversion |
| EP3140292B1 (en) | 2014-05-05 | 2021-02-24 | Novomer, Inc. | Catalyst recycle methods |
| US10597294B2 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2020-03-24 | Novomer, Inc. | Integrated methods for chemical synthesis |
| CN106714966B (zh) | 2014-07-25 | 2021-02-02 | 诺沃梅尔公司 | 金属络合物的合成及其用途 |
| JP6139024B2 (ja) | 2014-10-02 | 2017-05-31 | セラニーズ・インターナショナル・コーポレーション | 酢酸の製造方法 |
| CN107108434A (zh) | 2014-11-14 | 2017-08-29 | 国际人造丝公司 | 通过去除铁改进乙酸产率的方法 |
| US9302975B1 (en) | 2015-07-01 | 2016-04-05 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for flashing a reaction medium |
| US9260369B1 (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2016-02-16 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for producing acetic acid product having low butyl acetate content |
| US9561994B2 (en) | 2015-01-30 | 2017-02-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for producing acetic acid |
| RS59401B1 (sr) | 2015-01-30 | 2019-11-29 | Celanese Int Corp | Postupci proizvodnje sirćetne kiseline |
| US9487464B2 (en) | 2015-01-30 | 2016-11-08 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for producing acetic acid |
| US9540302B2 (en) | 2015-04-01 | 2017-01-10 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for producing acetic acid |
| MX2017009867A (es) | 2015-01-30 | 2017-11-15 | Celanese Int Corp | Procedimientos para producir acido acetico. |
| US9512056B2 (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2016-12-06 | Celanese International Corporation | Process to control HI concentration in residuum stream |
| US9505696B2 (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2016-11-29 | Celanese International Corporation | Process to control HI concentration in residuum stream |
| US10413840B2 (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2019-09-17 | Celanese International Coporation | Process to control HI concentration in residuum stream |
| EP3256441B1 (en) | 2015-02-13 | 2020-04-08 | Novomer, Inc. | Continuous carbonylation processes |
| MA41514A (fr) | 2015-02-13 | 2017-12-19 | Novomer Inc | Procédés intégrés de synthèse chimique |
| MA41510A (fr) | 2015-02-13 | 2017-12-19 | Novomer Inc | Procédé de production d'acide acrylique |
| MA41513A (fr) | 2015-02-13 | 2017-12-19 | Novomer Inc | Procédé de distillation pour la production d'acide acrylique |
| US9540303B2 (en) | 2015-04-01 | 2017-01-10 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for producing acetic acid |
| US9382183B1 (en) | 2015-07-01 | 2016-07-05 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for flashing a reaction medium |
| US9302974B1 (en) | 2015-07-01 | 2016-04-05 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for producing acetic acid |
| RS63644B1 (sr) | 2015-10-02 | 2022-10-31 | Celanese Int Corp | Postupak za proizvodnju sirćetne kiseline recikliranjem vode |
| US9908835B2 (en) | 2015-11-13 | 2018-03-06 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for purifying acetic and hydrating anhydride |
| US9957216B2 (en) | 2015-11-13 | 2018-05-01 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for producing acetic acid |
| US10807935B2 (en) | 2018-11-02 | 2020-10-20 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for continuous acetic acid production |
| CN110078612B (zh) * | 2019-06-06 | 2021-09-07 | 上海华谊（集团）公司 | 催化剂循环液的纯化方法 |
| WO2021202270A1 (en) | 2020-04-01 | 2021-10-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for removing and/or reducing permanganate reducing compounds and alkyl iodides |
| MX2022015383A (es) | 2020-06-03 | 2023-01-16 | Celanese Int Corp | Eliminacion de acetales de corrientes de procesos. |
| EP4161894A1 (en) | 2020-06-03 | 2023-04-12 | Celanese International Corporation | Production and purification of acetic acid |
| JP2023528449A (ja) | 2020-06-03 | 2023-07-04 | セラニーズ・インターナショナル・コーポレーション | 過マンガン酸塩還元化合物を除去することによる、酢酸を製造するための方法 |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3769329A (en) * | 1970-03-12 | 1973-10-30 | Monsanto Co | Production of carboxylic acids and esters |
| US4007130A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1977-02-08 | Monsanto Company | Catalyst regeneration method |
| US4792620A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1988-12-20 | Bp Chemicals Limited | Carbonylation catalysts |
| CA1228867A (en) * | 1984-05-03 | 1987-11-03 | Celanese Corporation | Methanol carbonylation process |
| US5001259A (en) * | 1984-05-03 | 1991-03-19 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Methanol carbonylation process |
| US5144068A (en) * | 1984-05-03 | 1992-09-01 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Methanol carbonylation process |
| US4894477A (en) * | 1986-10-14 | 1990-01-16 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Process for regenerating a carbonylation catalyst solution to remove corrosion metals and carbonylation of methanol to acetic acid |
| DE4034501A1 (de) * | 1990-10-30 | 1992-05-07 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur entfernung metallischer korrosionsprodukte aus wasserfrei betriebenen carbonylierungsreaktionen |
| GB9023634D0 (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1990-12-12 | British Petroleum Co Plc | Process for purifying acetic acid and/or acetic anhydride |
| GB9305902D0 (en) * | 1993-03-22 | 1993-05-12 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Process |
| US5374774A (en) * | 1994-03-11 | 1994-12-20 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Control system for an acetic acid manufacturing process |
-
1996
- 1996-10-16 JP JP51665097A patent/JP3955326B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-16 UA UA98042072A patent/UA48988C2/uk unknown
- 1996-10-16 CZ CZ0127998A patent/CZ297265B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-16 BR BR9611164A patent/BR9611164A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-16 PL PL96326360A patent/PL185073B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-16 IN IN1828CA1996 patent/IN189249B/en unknown
- 1996-10-16 AT AT96937688T patent/ATE229493T1/de active
- 1996-10-16 TR TR1998/00738T patent/TR199800738T2/xx unknown
- 1996-10-16 RU RU98110138/04A patent/RU2156656C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-16 KR KR10-1998-0703005A patent/KR100462697B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-16 HU HU9901881A patent/HUP9901881A3/hu unknown
- 1996-10-16 NZ NZ321758A patent/NZ321758A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-16 EP EP96937688A patent/EP0920407B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-16 ES ES96937688T patent/ES2185809T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-16 DE DE69625385T patent/DE69625385T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-16 WO PCT/US1996/016516 patent/WO1997015544A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-10-16 CA CA002234853A patent/CA2234853C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-16 CN CN96197834A patent/CN1092179C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-16 AU AU75169/96A patent/AU702225B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-10-24 ZA ZA9608942A patent/ZA968942B/xx unknown
- 1996-10-25 YU YU56496A patent/YU49355B/sh unknown
- 1996-10-25 AR ARP960104911A patent/AR004107A1/es unknown
- 1996-10-25 MY MYPI96004456A patent/MY112995A/en unknown
- 1996-10-29 TW TW085113196A patent/TW419393B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-08 SA SA96170479A patent/SA96170479B1/ar unknown
-
1997
- 1997-01-21 US US08/786,016 patent/US5731252A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-04-27 NO NO981887A patent/NO309858B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
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