WO2023135949A1 - プロテオグリカンを含む免疫応答調節剤 - Google Patents
プロテオグリカンを含む免疫応答調節剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023135949A1 WO2023135949A1 PCT/JP2022/043581 JP2022043581W WO2023135949A1 WO 2023135949 A1 WO2023135949 A1 WO 2023135949A1 JP 2022043581 W JP2022043581 W JP 2022043581W WO 2023135949 A1 WO2023135949 A1 WO 2023135949A1
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to immune response modifiers containing proteoglycans (including compositions for administration to humans, etc.).
- a proteoglycan (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "PG") is one of the glycoconjugates, consisting of a core protein and a glycosaminoglycan (acidic mucopolysaccharide) bound to it.
- PGs are present in skin, cartilage, bones, blood vessel walls, etc. as main constituents of extracellular matrices, and are involved in cell proliferation and adhesion together with collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and the like. Together with chondroitin sulfate, which constitutes PG, PG is a major component of articular cartilage and is considered important for preventing joint disorders in the elderly.
- Non-Patent Document 1 PG suppresses the inflammatory response of macrophages stimulated by heat-treated bacteria
- Non-Patent Document 2 administration of PG suppresses the progression of colitis
- Patent Document 1 discloses the pharmacological action of PG on the immune system, but the full picture of the action of PG is still unclear.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to examine the effects of proteoglycans on immune responses induced by various immunogenic factors that act on immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages, and to find useful proteoglycans for regulating immune responses. and a composition containing the agent.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve such problems, and it is found that proteoglycans cooperate with various immunogenic factors to enhance or suppress their activity, thereby having the effect of regulating immune responses. Based on findings. That is, the present invention includes the following embodiments.
- [6] The composition of [5], wherein the immunogenic factor is a TLR2 ligand, TLR7/8 ligand, TLR9 ligand or Dectin 1 ligand.
- the composition of [5] or [6], wherein the immunogenic factor is Houttuynia cordata extract.
- agents useful for regulating immune responses induced by various immunogenic factors acting on immune cells such as macrophages, compositions containing such agents, etc. can be provided.
- Figure 1 shows the amount of TNF- ⁇ secreted into the medium when various immunogenic factors (Pam, LPS, ODN or Zymosan) were added to the culture medium of mouse macrophage cells in the presence or absence of PG.
- Figure 2 shows the results of measuring the amount of IL-6 secreted into the medium when various immunogenic factors (LPS or Zymosan) were added to the culture medium of mouse macrophage cells in the presence or absence of PG.
- Figure 3 shows the amount of IL-10 secreted into the medium when various immunogenic factors (Pam, LPS, ODN or Zymosan) were added to the culture medium of mouse macrophage cells in the presence or absence of PG.
- FIG. 4 shows the amount of IL-1 ⁇ secreted into the medium when various immunogenic factors (Pam, LPS, Imiquimod or Zymosan) were added to the culture medium of mouse macrophage cells in the presence or absence of PG.
- FIG. 5 shows the amount of TNF- ⁇ secreted into the medium when various immunogenic factors (Birch anatake extract or Versicolor versicolor extract) were added to the culture medium of mouse macrophage cells in the presence or absence of PG. is the result of measuring FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows the amount of IL-6 secreted into the medium when various immunogenic factors (Birch nut extract or Versicolor versicolor extract) were added to the culture medium of mouse macrophage cells in the presence or absence of PG.
- FIG. 7 shows the amount of IL-10 secreted into the medium when various immunogenic factors (Birch nut extract or Coriolus versicolor extract) were added to the culture medium of mouse macrophage cells in the presence or absence of PG.
- FIG. 8 shows the amount of IL-1 ⁇ secreted into the medium when various immunogenic factors (Birch anatake extract or Versicolor versicolor extract) were added to the culture medium of mouse macrophage cells in the presence or absence of PG.
- FIG. 9 shows that various immunogenic factors (Pam, Poly(I:C), LPS, CpGDNA, Loxoribine, Zymosan, birch anatake extract or versicolor versicolor extract in the culture medium of mouse macrophage cells in the presence or absence of PG. This is the result of measuring the amount of IL-1 ⁇ secreted into the medium when the product) was added.
- FIG. 10 shows the amount of TNF- ⁇ secreted into the medium when lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 was added to the culture medium of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in the presence or absence of PG. This is the result.
- FIG. 10 shows the amount of TNF- ⁇ secreted into the medium when lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 was added to the culture medium of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in the presence or absence of PG. This is the result.
- FIG. 10 shows the amount of TNF
- FIG. 11 shows the amount of IL-6 secreted into the medium when lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 was added to the culture medium of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in the presence or absence of PG. This is the result.
- FIG. 12 shows the amount of IL-12p70 secreted into the medium when lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 was added to the culture medium of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in the presence or absence of PG. This is the result.
- Figure 13 shows Listeria monocytogenes (HK-LM) and H.
- FIG 14 shows Listeria monocytogenes (HK-LM) and H. cordata that were heat sterilized as test samples in a culture medium of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in the presence or absence of PG. It is the result of measuring the amount of IL-12p70 secreted into the medium when the extract or the Betula anatake extract was added.
- Figure 15 shows Listeria monocytogenes (HK-LM) and H.
- FIG. 1 shows an experimental protocol for examining the effects (innate immunity) of oral administration of a Betula extract on Listeria infection in mice.
- FIG. 17 shows the amount of IFN- ⁇ secreted into the medium when the spleens were taken out and cultured on day 4 after infection with Listeria monocytogenes while feeding mice with or without the addition of a birch extract. is the result of measuring FIG.
- FIG. 18 shows the amount of TNF- ⁇ secreted in the medium when the spleen was removed and cultured on day 4 after infection with Listeria monocytogenes while feeding the mice with or without the addition of the birch extract.
- FIG. 19 shows the amount of IL-12p70 secreted into the medium when the spleen was removed and cultured on day 4 after being infected with Listeria monocytogenes while feeding the mice with or without the addition of the Betula extract.
- FIG. 1 shows an experimental protocol for investigating the effect of oral administration of a Betula extract on Listeria infection in mice (acquired immunity).
- FIG. 21 shows the amount of IFN- ⁇ secreted into the medium when the spleens were taken out and cultured after 4 weeks of infection with Listeria monocytogenes while mice were being fed diets with or without the addition of Betula nutella extract.
- FIG. 22 shows the amount of TNF- ⁇ secreted into the medium when the spleen was removed and cultured after 4 weeks of infection with Listeria monocytogenes while feeding mice with or without the addition of a birch extract.
- FIG. 23 shows the amount of IL-12p70 secreted into the medium when the spleen was removed and cultured after 4 weeks of infection with Listeria monocytogenes while feeding mice with or without the addition of a birch extract. is the result of measuring
- an "agent for immune response modulation” is one of restoring a weakened immune response, suppressing an aberrant immune response, and enhancing a normal immune response. or any drug that has multiple actions.
- An immune response includes, for example, one or more of humoral (antibody-mediated) immunity, cellular immunity, adaptive immunity, and innate immunity.
- combining such agents with an immunogenic agent provides a composition for activating an immune response.
- Immunogenic factor means any factor capable of stimulating the immune system of a human or animal.
- Such immunogenic factors include, for example, ligands of pathogen-associated pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).
- PRRs include Toll-like receptors (TLR), Nod-like receptors (NLR), RIG-I-like receptors, C-type lectin receptors, scavenger receptors, and complement receptors. Not limited.
- TLRs are a class of single transmembrane domain non-catalytic receptors that recognize structurally conserved molecules called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PAMPs are present on microorganisms and are distinguished from host molecules. TLRs are present in all vertebrates and include TLRs 1-10 in humans. TLR ligands are compounds that bind to these TLRs and include virulence molecules associated with pathogens or threats to host survival such as cellular stress. Exemplary pathogenic molecules include, but are not limited to, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoproteins, lipoarabinomannans, flagellin, double-stranded RNA, and unmethylated CpG islands of DNA. .
- LPS lipopolysaccharide
- lipoproteins lipoproteins
- lipoarabinomannans flagellin
- double-stranded RNA unmethylated CpG islands of DNA.
- C-type lectin receptors include Dectin 1, Dectin 2, DEC205, Mincle, DC-SIGN, and the like.
- dectin 1 is a membrane protein expressed in dendritic cells and macrophages, and is an extremely important receptor for recognition of (1 ⁇ 3)- ⁇ -D-glucan, activation of innate immunity, and a protective factor against fungi. It is known that By containing proteoglycan as an active ingredient, the agent or composition of the present embodiment, for example, regulates various immune responses mediated by the above-described receptors, or cooperates with these receptor ligands to suppress immune responses. It has a stimulating effect.
- Proteoglycan is a glycoprotein in which sugar chains called glycosaminoglycans (hereinafter referred to as GAG) such as chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate are covalently bound to core proteins.
- GAG glycosaminoglycans
- PG is widely distributed in the body such as skin and cartilage as one of the main constituents of the extracellular matrix.
- GAG chains have a long linear structure with no branches. Since it has many sulfate groups and carboxyl groups, it is negatively charged, and the GAG chain assumes an elongated shape due to its electrical repulsion.
- PG can retain a large amount of water due to the water affinity of sugar.
- a large number of GAG chain groups contained in PG are responsible for functions unique to cartilage, such as elasticity and resistance to impact, while retaining water flexibly like a sponge.
- the PG core protein has the property of binding to various molecules in the matrix.
- cartilage PG it has a binding region with hyaluronic acid or link protein on the N-terminal side, and may bind to these substances or associate between the same molecules.
- It has a lectin-like domain, an EGF-like domain, etc. at its C-terminus and binds to various other molecules. Due to this property, PG builds a structure that suits each organization.
- PG derived from salmon nasal cartilage is PG extracted from salmon nasal cartilage.
- salmon is, for example, a fish belonging to the genus Oncorhynchus, and salmon with the scientific name "Oncorhynchus keta" is preferably selected from the viewpoint of efficiently regulating immune response.
- the proteoglycan contained in the agent or composition of this embodiment is produced, for example, by the method described in the publication (Japanese Patent No. 6317053).
- the lower limit of the content of proteoglycan in the composition (1 g) containing the agent of the present embodiment is preferably 0.1 ⁇ g/g or more, more preferably 100 ⁇ g, from the viewpoint of, for example, effective regulation of immune response.
- the amount of proteoglycan effective for modulating an immune response means that when a single dose or multiple doses are administered to a subject, the effect of modulating the immune response is refers to the amount of proteoglycan that is effective beyond what would otherwise be expected in the absence of such treatment.
- composition for activating immune response comprises an immunogenic agent and a proteoglycan in combination, either together or separately.
- Immunogenic factors include, for example, TLR ligands, dectin 1 ligands, birch anatake extracts, versicolor versicolor extracts, bacterial components of lactic acid bacteria, plant extracts (eg, Houttuynia cordata extract), and the like.
- TLR ligands include TLR2 or TLR4 ligands such as lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides, TLR3 ligands such as double-stranded DNA, TLR5 ligands such as the proteinaceous ligand flagellin, the imidazoquinoline compound imiquimod, These include resiquimod (R848), TLR7 or TLR8 ligands such as single-stranded RNA, and TLR9 ligands such as CpG sequences that are nucleic acid ligands.
- TLR2 ligands include synthetic triacylated and diacylated lipopeptides.
- TLR2 ligands are FSL-1 (synthetic lipoprotein derived from Mycoplasma salivarium 1), Pam3Cys (tripalmitoyl-S-glycerylcysteine), or S-[2,3-bis (Palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl]-N-palmitoyl-(R)-cysteine, where "Pam3" is "tripalmitoyl-S-glyceryl".
- Derivatives of Pam3Cys are also suitable TLR2 agonists, where derivatives include, but are not limited to: S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2-R,S) -propyl]-N-palmitoyl-(R)-Cys-(S)-Ser-(Lys) 4-hydroxy trihydrochloride; Pam3Cys-Ser-Ser-Asn-Ala; PaM3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4; Pam3Cys Pam3Cys-Ser; PaM3Cys-OMe; Pam3Cys-OH; PamCAG, palmitoyl-Cys ((RS)-2,3-di(palmitoyloxy)-propyl)-Ala-Gly- such as OH.
- TLR2 agonist is Pam2CSK4; PaM2CSK4 (dipalmitoyl-S-glycerylcysteine-serine-(lysine)4; is a lipopeptide.
- peptidoglycan and teichoic acid which constitute the cell walls of lactic acid bacteria, are also thought to induce various immune responses via TLR2.
- TLR3 ligands include natural double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), synthetic dsRNA, synthetic dsRNA analogs, and the like.
- dsRNA natural double-stranded RNA
- synthetic dsRNA analogs are polyriboinosine and polyribocytidic acid (Poly(I:C)), polyadenosine-polyuridylic acid (PolyAU), poly-L-lysine and stabilized with carboxymethylcellulose.
- Polyinosine-polycytidic acid Hiltonol (registered trademark)).
- TLR4 ligands include naturally occurring lipopolysaccharides (LPS), such as LPS from a wide variety of Gram-negative bacteria; derivatives of natural LPS; synthetic LPS; bacterial heat shock protein-60 (Hsp60); tychronic acid; Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumolysin; bacterial pili; RS (respiratory syncytial) virus coat protein, and the like.
- LPS lipopolysaccharides
- Hsp60 bacterial heat shock protein-60
- tychronic acid Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumolysin
- bacterial pili RS (respiratory syncytial) virus coat protein, and the like.
- TLR4 ligands also include monophosphoryl lipid A synthetic (MPLA, Invivogen) and phosphorylated hexaacyl disaccharides (PHAD, Avanti Polar Lipids), as well as other synthetic TLR4 agonists.
- MPLA monophosphoryl lipid
- TLR-7/8 ligand TLR-7/8 ligand
- TLR-7 ligands are known, for example the adenine analogue CL264, the guanosine analogue loxoribine, or, preferably, the imidazoquinoline compounds (resiquimod, GardiquimodTM or imiquimod (4-amino-1 -isobutyl-1H-imidazole[4,5-c]quinoline (4-amino-1-isobutyl-1H-imidazol[4,5-c]chinolin)).
- TLR-8 agonists are known to have similar biological effects to TLR-7 agonists and can therefore also or alternatively be used. Examples of TLR-8 agonists are single-stranded RNA or E. coli RNA.
- Exemplary TLR-7/8 ligands are thiazoloquinoline compound CL075, imidazoquinoline compound R848, or water-soluble R848 imidazoquinoline compound CL097, thymidine homopolymer phosphorothioate ODN (poly(dT)).
- TLR-9 ligand examples include CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and the like.
- TLR-3 ligand TLR-4 ligand, TLR-7/8 ligand and TLR-9 ligand are preferred.
- the TLR ligand may be naturally derived or synthetically obtained.
- Fuscoporia obliqua is a cold-resistant mushroom that is widely distributed in cold regions such as central Europe, Siberia, China, and northern Japan. It parasitizes birch trees such as white birch and birch, and grows on the sap of those trees. Kabanoanatake is known to have physiological activities such as antitumor and hypoglycemic effects, and chaga is a sclerotium of a fungus called Kabanoanatake in Japan, which is parasitic on white birch trees and has excellent cold resistance.
- chaga contains more ⁇ -glucan, which has an immunostimulating effect
- SOD superoxide dismutase
- SOD is said to be about 30 times that of Agaricus and Yamabushi mushroom. It has also been found to contain a wide variety of other physiologically active substances, and has been found to have an antitumor effect, an effect on chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer, and a pedigree effect.
- Coriolus versicolor belongs to the Basidiomycota family and the Agaricaceae family. It is widely distributed worldwide, with over 120 strains identified in the forest temperature zones of Asia, Europe and North America. Versicolor versicolor has been reported to have immunomodulatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral effects.
- Extraction methods and extraction conditions for the extracts of Betula anatake and Versicolor versicolor are not particularly limited. A known extraction method can be used. If the raw material is a liquid culture of mycelium, the material may be dried, cut, and pulverized for extraction. If the raw material is a fruiting body or mycelium, it may be used as it is for extraction, or a processed product after cutting and pulverization may be used for extraction.
- the solvent used for solvent extraction is not particularly limited, and examples include water, lower alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, alcohols such as polyhydric alcohols such as propylene glycol and 1,3-butylene glycol, and acetone. Examples include ketones, diethyl ether, dioxane, acetonitrile, esters such as ethyl acetate, xylene, hexane, etc.
- the organic solvent may be an aqueous solution. Among them, water, or acetone, ethanol, methanol, or an aqueous solution thereof is preferable, and when used in the food field, water is more preferable because a step of removing solvents harmful to food is unnecessary.
- the concentration of the organic solvent in the aqueous solution is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 20% or more, still more preferably 30% or more, preferably 90% or less, preferably 70% or less, preferably 50% or less. Any one of these solvents may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
- the temperature during extraction is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature at which an extract can be obtained with each solvent.
- the obtained extract (or its purified product or concentrate) can be used as it is, or it may be dried and used as a powder, or a method of powdering by subjecting it to a freeze-drying treatment.
- it may be pulverized according to a known method such as a method of adding an excipient such as dextrin, corn starch, gum arabic and pulverizing by spray drying. Further, after that, if necessary, it may be dissolved in pure water, ethanol, or the like and used.
- a known method such as a method of adding an excipient such as dextrin, corn starch, gum arabic and pulverizing by spray drying. Further, after that, if necessary, it may be dissolved in pure water, ethanol, or the like and used.
- lactic acid bacteria are used as immunogenic agents.
- Lactic acid bacteria is a general term for bacteria that produce lactic acid by decomposing sugars such as glucose and lactose in order to obtain the energy necessary for growth. Based on the difference in cell shape, they are classified into rod-shaped or cylindrical lactobacilli and spherical lactic acid cocci. Bifidobacterium also produces lactic acid and contributes to human health, so it is considered to be included in the broad definition of lactic acid bacteria.
- Lactic acid bacteria include, for example, bacteria belonging to the genus Enterococcus, bifidobacteria (for example, Bifidobacterium longum BR-108: Accession number: Bifidobacterium longum BR-108 strain deposited under NITE P-1317), etc. is.
- a fungus belonging to the genus Enterococcus is, for example, Enterococcus faecalis.
- Enterococcus faecalis examples include strains such as Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 strain, ATCC19433, ATCC14508, ATCC23655, IFO16803, and IFO16804, and mutants thereof.
- mutant strain refers to a specific strain that has been mutated by a method well known to those skilled in the art to the extent that it does not change its properties, or confirmed by a person skilled in the art to be equivalent to it. It means to include what is possible.
- Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 strain (Enterococcus faecalis EC-12) was deposited on February 25, 2005 (original deposit date) at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Patent Organism Depositary ( It has been deposited at Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 305-8566).
- the accession number is FERM BP-10284.
- Lactic acid bacteria used as an immunogenic factor can be viable and/or dead cells, but dead cells are preferably used from the viewpoint of storage stability of the composition.
- Heat-sterilized cells obtained by sterilization by the heat treatment means of are used.
- the heat-sterilized cells are collected from the culture obtained by culturing the above-mentioned lactic acid bacteria according to a conventional method by a method such as filtration or centrifugation, washed with water, suspended in water etc. and heat-treated. If necessary, it can be prepared by concentration and drying. Alternatively, it may be prepared by baking or steaming the cells.
- the heat-treated sterilized bacterial powder of the EC-12 strain is commercially available under the trade name "EC-12” (manufactured by Combi Co., Ltd.) or "La Flora EC-12” (manufactured by Ichimaru Farcos Co., Ltd.). there is therefore, in the present invention, such commercially available products may be used as lactic acid bacteria used as immunogenic factors.
- Houttuynia cordata extract used in the present invention is obtained by, for example, using the flowering aerial part (crude drug name: Juyaku) of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. It was obtained by extracting Houttuynia cordata DXP100 (Ichimaru falcos, an extract obtained by adding the aerial part of Houttuynia cordata to water and extracting it, quercitrin content of 0.15% or more) was used as the Houttuynia cordata extract used in the following examples.
- dosage form dosage form, dosage form, etc. of composition for activating immune response
- its dosage form is not particularly limited, and can be liquid, solid, semi-solid, or semi-liquid, preferably in liquid form.
- These dosage forms can be easily manufactured based on methods known to those skilled in the art, employing appropriate pharmaceutical carriers as necessary.
- Solid dosage forms include, for example, powders, granules, tablets and capsules containing at least an immunogenic factor and proteoglycan.
- semi-solid or semi-liquid dosage forms include ointments, lotions, creams and gels.
- solvents used include water, phosphate-buffered saline, Ringer's solution, dextrose solution, serum-containing solutions, Hank's solution, other aqueous physiologically balanced solutions, oils, esters and Glycols may be mentioned.
- Solvents can contain suitable auxiliary substances required to approximate the physiological conditions of the recipient, for example, by enhancing chemical stability and isotonicity. Suitable auxiliary substances include, for example, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and other substances used to produce phosphate, Tris and bicarbonate buffers. included.
- Compositions of the invention may be sterilized by conventional methods and/or may be lyophilized.
- administration routes of the composition of the present embodiment include, but are not limited to, oral, topical, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, intraperitoneal, transmucosal, transdermal, and the like.
- Methods of administration of the composition include, for example, subcutaneous, intradermal, intravenous, intramuscular or intraperitoneal direct injection; and oral administration, etc., based on known methods.
- Subjects for administration of the composition include all animals, preferably vertebrates such as mammals and birds, and more preferably mammals. Further, said mammalian subjects are, for example, humans, but also livestock (for example, chickens, pigs, horses, goats, sheep and cattle), pet animals (for example, cats, dogs, hamsters, rabbits and guinea pigs). pet animals) may also be subjects.
- livestock for example, chickens, pigs, horses, goats, sheep and cattle
- pet animals for example, cats, dogs, hamsters, rabbits and guinea pigs. pet animals
- a composition for activating an immune response according to this embodiment is generally administered to a subject, such as an animal, including humans, in an amount and frequency sufficient to bring about strengthening of the immune system.
- the concentration of the immunogenic factor contained in the composition of this embodiment may be appropriately set according to the type of administration subject.
- the concentration of the immunogenic agent in the composition (1 g) is preferably in the range of, for example, 3 ⁇ g/g or more and 50 mg/g or less.
- the upper limit of the concentration of the immunogenic agent is e.g. or less, or 10 mg/g or less.
- the lower limit of the concentration of the immunogenic factor can be, for example, 3 ⁇ g/g or more, 10 ⁇ g/g or more, 25 ⁇ g/g or more, 50 ⁇ g/g or more, 75 ⁇ g/g or more, or 100 ⁇ g/g or more.
- Administration at such a dose is effective because sufficient immune response activity can be obtained while maintaining safety to the living body without adversely affecting the subject due to excessive immune response. be.
- the concentration of proteoglycan in the composition (1 g) is, for example, within the range of 0.1 ⁇ g/g or more. Moreover, from the viewpoint of reducing the volume (liquid volume) of the composition, it is preferable that the concentration of proteoglycan contained in the composition is as high as possible.
- the composition may contain the immunogenic factor and proteoglycan together in the composition, or may contain each active ingredient separately in combination.
- an immunogenic agent and (b) a proteoglycan for activation of an immune response can be administered simultaneously or separately in sequence.
- the method of administration of (a) and (b) may be simultaneous or sequential, preferably (a) and (b) are administered sequentially (or separately). This is provided by providing (a) and (b) in a single unit dosage form to be taken together or as separate entities (e.g., in separate containers) administered at the same time or at staggered intervals. means to get This time difference may be between 1 hour and 1 week, preferably between 12 hours and 3 days.
- the proteoglycan can be administered by a different administration method than the immunogenic agent.
- Sequential administration means that the active ingredients of this embodiment are in different dosage forms (one drug is a tablet or capsule, another is a sterile liquid) and/or different dosing schedules, e.g. It is particularly useful when the ingredients are administered with the active ingredient administered less frequently, such as once a week, once every two weeks, or once every three weeks.
- the agent or composition of this embodiment Since the agent or composition of this embodiment has a remarkable effect of regulating or promoting immune response, for example, the agent or composition of this embodiment is used to reduce or suppress a normal metabolic immune response in a living body. , useful in treating patients with diseases or disorders.
- the agent or composition of the present embodiment can be used therapeutically or prophylactically for subjects such as animals or humans who are at increased risk of suffering from diseases, disorders, or disorders caused by conditions that adversely affect the immune system. can be used to treat
- composition of the present embodiment has the effect of synergistically activating humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.
- immunogenic factors and proteoglycans can be used as vaccines because they exhibit distinct adjuvant effects.
- a vaccine refers to a pharmaceutical composition intended to prevent or treat a specific disease, disorder or disorder by containing the pathogen itself or a specific antigen derived from the pathogen.
- a pharmaceutical composition is a concept that includes not only pharmaceutical compositions for humans but also pharmaceutical compositions for animals. The type of antigen contained in the vaccine is selected according to the specific disease to be prevented or treated.
- the vaccine according to the present embodiment can obtain a very high immunostimulatory activity and a high neutralizing antibody titer even with a small amount of immunostimulator and antigen. Since the amount of adjuvant and the amount of antigen can be reduced, the vaccine does not cause excessive stimulation to the living body, is highly safe, and is inexpensive in terms of cost.
- composition of the present embodiment can also be used, for example, as an additive for food and drink.
- a food and drink composition with enhanced immune response activity can be provided.
- Food and drink compositions with enhanced immune response activity include food and drink for specified health use, food and drink with functional claims, and food and drink with nutrient function labeled as immunostimulating, activating, or boosting immunity. is mentioned.
- Example 1 Effects of various immunogenic factors and proteoglycans on cytokine production in mouse macrophages (experimental materials)
- ⁇ Proteoglycan proteoglycan, derived from salmon nasal cartilage (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., product code: 162-22131)
- TLR2 ligand Pam3-Cys-Ser-(Lys)4/3HCL
- ALX-165-066-M002 (Enzo Life Science)
- TLR3 ligand Poly (I:C)
- ALX-746-021-M005 Enzo Life Science
- TLR4/NLR ligand LPS
- the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was cultured at a final concentration of 100 U/mL penicillin G, 100 ⁇ g/mL streptomycin sulfate, 100 ⁇ g/mL amphotericin B and 10% fetal bovine serum in DMEM. Culture was performed at ⁇ 10 6 /well. After culturing for one day in a CO 2 incubator at 37 ° C., the culture medium was removed from each well, and the immunogenic factors described above (each TLR ligand, dectin 1 ligand, birch anatake extract or versicolor extract) were added as test samples to new culture medium.
- the immunogenic factors described above each TLR ligand, dectin 1 ligand, birch anatake extract or versicolor extract
- PG proteoglycan
- a culture medium alone and a culture medium to which only PG was added were used. After culturing for 24 hours in a CO 2 incubator at 37° C., after confirming that the cells were not dead with a microscope, the culture solution was collected from each well. The amounts of TNF- ⁇ , IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 ⁇ and IFN- ⁇ contained in the collected culture supernatant after centrifugation at 4° C. at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes were measured by ELISA.
- the ELISA used in the measurement is as follows.
- ThermoFisher ⁇ IL-6 BMS603-2
- ThermoFisher ⁇ IL-10 BMS614INST
- ThermoFisher - IL-1 ⁇ BMS6002
- ThermoFisher - IFN- ⁇ A47435, ThermoFisher
- the vertical axis of the graph indicates the concentration (pg/mL) of various cytokines measured by the ELISA method.
- mice Mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (myeloid dendritic cells (mDC)) were prepared by the following procedure. Bone marrow cells were harvested by removing bone marrow from femurs of C57BL/6 mice and destroying red blood cells with hemolysis buffer. Bone marrow cells were plated 2 ⁇ 10 in RPMI1640 medium containing 10% FBS, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 ⁇ g/mL streptomycin, 0.1% 2-mercaptoethanol, and recombinant mouse GM-CSF (2-20 ng/mL). The cells were cultured at a cell density of 5 cells/mL for 7 days to differentiate into myeloid dendritic cells (mDC).
- mDC myeloid dendritic cells
- the myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) prepared above were added to a final concentration of 100 U/mL penicillin G, 100 ⁇ g/mL streptomycin sulfate, 100 ⁇ g/mL amphotericin B, and 10% fetal bovine serum. Culture was performed at 2 ⁇ 10 6 /well in DMEM. After one day of culture in a CO 2 incubator at 37° C., the culture medium was removed from each well, and lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 (10 ⁇ g/mL) alone or proteoglycan (250 ⁇ g/mL) was added to the new culture medium as a test sample. mL).
- a culture medium alone and a culture medium to which only PG was added were used as a control. After culturing for 48 hours in a CO 2 incubator at 37° C., after confirming that the cells were not dead under a microscope, the culture solution was collected from each well. The amounts of TNF- ⁇ , IL-6 and IL-12p70 contained in the collected culture supernatant after centrifugation at 4° C. at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes were measured by ELISA.
- the ELISA used in the measurement is as follows. ⁇ TNF- ⁇ : A43658, ThermoFisher ⁇ IL-6: BMS603-2, ThermoFisher - IL-12p70: BMS6004, ThermoFisher
- IL-12 is a heterodimeric protein composed of IL-12p35 and IL-12p40, and is known as an inflammatory cytokine like TNF- ⁇ and IL-6. IL-12 heterodimers are specifically referred to as IL-12p70.
- IL-12 is produced primarily by phagocytes and dendritic cells that have phagocytosed bacteria. IL-12 is thought to stimulate NK cells, induce differentiation of naive T cells into Th1 cells, and confer resistance to bacteria and viruses. As shown in Table 4 and Figures 10-12, EC-12 was able to promote the production of these cytokines and activate dendritic cells, and this effect was enhanced by PG.
- Example 3 Influence of birch anatake extract and proteoglycan on cytokine production of dendritic cells Using a 24-well culture plate, the mouse bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) prepared in Example 2 were added to the final concentration. Culture was performed at 2 ⁇ 10 6 /well in DMEM containing 100 U/mL penicillin G, 100 ⁇ g/mL streptomycin sulfate, 100 ⁇ g/mL amphotericin B and 10% fetal bovine serum.
- DMEM mouse bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells
- the birch extract enhanced the production of TNF- ⁇ and IL-6 by HK-LM, a ligand that activates immune responses primarily through TLR-2. , the effect of which was further enhanced by PG.
- IL-12p70 was hardly secreted by HK-LM alone, but IL-12p70 production in dendritic cells was promoted by co-adding a Betula anatake extract, especially a Betula anatake extract and proteoglycan. Do you get it.
- Example 4 Influence of oral administration of Betula annuus extract on Listeria infection in mice (natural immunity)
- Six-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were infected by intraperitoneal injection (ip) with 1 ⁇ 10 6 Listeria monocytogenes per mouse according to the experimental method shown in FIG. let me Mice were fed test samples with or without 3 mg of Betula nut extract per day from 9 days before infection to 3 or 4 days after infection.
- spleens and livers were removed from the mice 3 days after infection.
- the excised organs were homogenized with a homogenizer in the presence of PBS (phosphate buffered saline).
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- 0.1 mL of the homogenized product (liquid) was applied to a tryptic soy agar plate medium. After the application, the cells were cultured at 37°C for 24 hours. After the culture, the number of bacteria present in the medium was counted. The measured number was defined as the viable cell count. From another group of mice, spleens were removed 4 days after infection, cultured in the same manner as in Example 3, and heat-sterilized Listeria monocytogenes (HK-LM) was added to the culture medium for immunization. stimulated. After culturing for 48 hours in a CO 2 incubator at 37° C., after confirming that the cells were not dead under a microscope, the culture medium was collected from each well. The amounts of TNF- ⁇ , IL-6 and IL-12p70 contained in the collected culture supernatant after centrifugation at 4° C. at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes were measured by ELISA.
- Table 6 shows the results of measuring the number of bacteria present in the spleen and liver. There was a tendency for the number of infected bacteria to decrease in the organs of mice fed with the test material containing the birch anatake extract.
- Control means a sample taken from a mouse fed with a sample not containing the Betula extract
- Extract means a sample taken from a mouse fed with a sample containing the Betula extract.
- TNF- ⁇ , IL-6 and IL-12p70 were produced by HK-LM, a ligand that activates the immune response mainly through TLR-2, was enhanced by oral administration of Betula oleracea extract. .
- Example 5 Effect of oral administration of Betula anatake extract on Listeria infection in mice (acquired immunity)
- Six-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were infected intraperitoneally (ip) with 1 ⁇ 10 5 Listeria monocytogenes (LM) per mouse according to the experimental protocol shown in FIG. After 4 weeks, the cells were infected again with 1 ⁇ 10 6 LM. Beginning 7 days before the first infection and throughout the experimental period, mice were fed test samples with or without control samples containing 3 mg per day of Betula nut extract. For one group of mice, spleens and livers were removed 2 days after infection. The excised organ was homogenized with a homogenizer in the presence of PBS (physiological phosphate buffer solution).
- PBS physiological phosphate buffer solution
- 0.1 mL of the homogenized product (liquid) was applied to a tryptic soy agar plate medium. After the application, the cells were cultured at 37°C for 24 hours. After the culture, the number of bacteria present in the medium was counted. The measured number was defined as the viable cell count. From another group of mice, spleens were taken out immediately before the second infection, cultured in the same manner as in Example 3, and heat-sterilized Listeria monocytogenes (HK-LM) was added to the culture medium. to stimulate the immune system. As a control, a similar experiment was performed using mice that were not first infected with LM.
- HK-LM heat-sterilized Listeria monocytogenes
- the culture medium was recovered from each well.
- the amounts of TNF- ⁇ , IL-6 and IL-12p70 contained in the collected culture supernatant after centrifugation at 4° C. at 3000 rpm for 20 minutes were measured by ELISA.
- Formulation Example 1 Tablet A 200 mg tablet having the following component composition containing 5 mg of proteoglycan per tablet was produced by thoroughly mixing each component and then tableting. Proteoglycan 5mg 10 mg of birch extract Lactose 127mg Starch 45mg Carboxymethylcellulose 10mg Talc 2mg Magnesium stearate 1 mg Total 200mg/tablet
- Formulation Example 2 Capsules 100 mg capsules having the following component composition containing 20 mg of proteoglycan per capsule were produced by filling the capsules after each component was well mixed. Proteoglycan 20mg Versicolor versicolor extract 10 mg Lactose 43mg 25 mg of starch Magnesium stearate 2mg Total 100mg/capsule
- the present invention has industrial applicability in that it can provide novel uses of proteoglycans as immunomodulators.
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Abstract
Description
[2]免疫応答調節が、自然免疫応答調節である、[1]に記載の剤。
[3]TLR4の活性化によって媒介される免疫応答を抑制するための[1]又は[2]に記載の剤。
[4]TLR2、TLR7/8、TLR9及び/又はデクチン1の活性化によって媒介される免疫応答を促進するための[1]又は[2]に記載の剤。
[5]免疫原性因子とプロテオグリカンとを、一緒に又は別々に組み合わせて含む、免疫応答を活性化するための組成物。
[6]免疫原性因子が、TLR2リガンド、TLR7/8リガンド、TLR9リガンド又はデクチン1リガンドである[5]に記載の組成物。
[7]免疫原性因子が、カバノアナタケ抽出物又はカワラタケ抽出物である[5]又は[6]に記載の組成物。
[8]免疫原性因子が、乳酸菌の菌体成分である[5]又は[6]に記載の組成物。
[9]免疫原性因子が、ドクダミ抽出物である[5]又は[6]に記載の組成物。
[10]免疫応答が、自然免疫及び/又は獲得免疫を介して活性化される[7]から〔9〕のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
本明細書において、「免疫応答調節のための剤」とは、低下した免疫応答を修復すること、異常な免疫応答を抑制すること、及び正常な免疫応答を増進すること、のうちの1つ又は複数の作用を有する任意の薬剤である。免疫応答は、例えば、液性(抗体介在性)免疫、細胞性免疫、獲得免疫、自然免疫のうちの1つ又は複数を包含する。1つの実施形態において、このような剤を免疫原性因子と組み合わせることで、免疫応答を活性化するための組成物が提供される。「免疫原性因子」は、ヒトや動物の免疫系を刺激することのできるあらゆる因子を意味する。このような免疫原性因子には、例えば、病原体関連パターン認識受容体(PRR)のリガンドが含まれる。PRRとしては、Toll様受容体(TLR)、Nod様受容体(NLR)、RIG-I様受容体、C型レクチン受容体、スカベンジャー受容体、及び補体受容体等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
プロテオグリカン(PG)は、コアタンパク質にコンドロイチン硫酸、デルマタン硫酸等のグリコサミノグリカン(以下GAGと表す。)と呼ばれる糖鎖が共有結合した糖タンパク質である。PGは、細胞外マトリックスの主要構成成分の一つとして皮膚や軟骨など体内に広く分布している。GAG鎖は分岐を持たない長い直鎖構造を持つ。多数の硫酸基とカルボキシル基を持つため負に荷電しており、GAG鎖はその電気的反発力のために延びた形状をとる。また、PGは、糖の持つ水親和性により、多量の水を保持することができる。PGに含まれる多数のGAG鎖群はスポンジのように水を柔軟に保持しながら、弾性や衝撃への耐性といった軟骨特有の機能を担っている。
1つの実施形態における免疫応答を活性化するための組成物は、免疫原性因子とプロテオグリカンとを、一緒に又は別々に組み合わせて含む。免疫原性因子としては、例えば、TLRリガンド、デクチン1リガンド、カバノアナタケ抽出物、カワラタケ抽出物、乳酸菌の菌体成分、植物抽出物(例えばドクダミ抽出物)、などが挙げられる。具体的には、TLRリガンドには、リポタンパク質及びリポ多糖などのTLR2リガンド又はTLR4リガンド、二本鎖DNAなどのTLR3リガンド、タンパク質性リガンドであるフラジェリンなどのTLR5リガンド、イミダゾキノリン化合物であるイミキモド、レシキモド(R848)、一本鎖RNAなどのTLR7リガンド又はTLR8リガンド及び、核酸性リガンドであるCpG配列などのTLR9リガンド等が含まれる。
(TLR2リガンド)
TLR2リガンドは、合成のトリアシル化およびジアシル化リポペプチドを含む。TLR2リガンドの非限定的な例は、FSL-1(マイコプラズマ・サリバリウム(Mycoplasma salivarium)1に由来する合成リポタンパク質)、Pam3Cys(トリパルミトイル-S-グリセリルシステイン)、又はS-[2,3-ビス(パルミトイルオキシ)-(2RS)-プロピル]-N-パルミトイル-(R)-システインであり、ここで「Pam3」は「トリパルミトイル-S-グリセリル」である。Pam3Cysの誘導体もまた適切なTLR2アゴニストであり、ここで誘導体には、限定するものではないが、以下が含まれる:S-[2,3-ビス(パルミトイルオキシ)-(2-R,S)-プロピル]-N-パルミトイル-(R)-Cys-(S)-Ser-(Lys)4-ヒドロキシ三塩酸塩;Pam3Cys-Ser-Ser-Asn-Ala;PaM3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4;Pam3Cys-Ala-Gly;Pam3Cys-Ser-Gly;Pam3Cys-Ser;PaM3Cys-OMe;Pam3Cys-OH;PamCAG、パルミトイル-Cys((RS)-2,3-ジ(パルミトイルオキシ)-プロピル)-Ala-Gly-OHなど。適切なTLR2アゴニストの別の非限定的な例は、Pam2CSK4;PaM2CSK4(ジパルミトイル-S-グリセリルシステイン-セリン-(リシン)4;またはPam2Cys-Ser-(Lys)4)であり、合成のジアシル化リポペプチドである。例えば、乳酸菌の細胞壁を構成するペプチドグリカンやテイコ酸などもTLR2を介して様々な免疫応答を引き起こすとも考えられている。
TLR3リガンドは、天然の二本鎖RNA(dsRNA)、合成dsRNA、合成dsRNAアナログなどを含む。合成dsRNAアナログの例示的で非限定的な例は、ポリリボイノシン及びポリリボシチジン酸(Poly(I:C))、ポリアデノシン-ポリウリジル酸(PolyAU)、ポリL-リシンおよびカルボキシメチルセルロースで安定化したポリイノシン-ポリシチジン酸(Hiltonol(登録商標))等である。
TLR4リガンドには、天然に存在するリポ多糖(LPS)、例えば、多種多様なグラム陰性菌由来のLPS;天然LPSの誘導体;合成LPS;細菌熱ショックタンパク質-60(Hsp60);マンヌロン酸ポリマー;フラボリピン;タイクロン酸;肺炎レンサ球菌ニューモリシン;細菌性線毛;RS(respiratory syncytial)ウイルスコートタンパク質などが含まれる。TLR4リガンドには、モノホスホリルリピドA合成(MPLA、Invivogen社)及びリン酸化ヘキサアシル二糖(PHAD、Avanti Polar Lipids社)、ならびに他の合成TLR4アゴニストも含まれる。
いくつかのTLR-7リガンドが公知であり、例えば、アデニンアナログCL264、グアノシンアナログであるロキソリビン、又は、好ましくは、イミダゾキノリン化合物(レシキモド、ガーディキモド(Gardiquimod)(商標)またはイミキモド(4-アミノ-1-イソブチル-1H-イミダゾール[4,5-c]キノリン(4-amino-1-isobutyl-1H-imidazol[4,5-c]chinolin))など)である。TLR-8アゴニストは、TLR-7アゴニストと同様の生物学的効果を有することが公知であり、したがって、これもまた、または代替的に使用することができる。TLR-8アゴニストの例は、一本鎖RNAまたは大腸菌RNAである。例示的なTLR-7/8リガンドは、チアゾロキノリン化合物CL075、イミダゾキノリン化合物R848、または水溶性R848イミダゾキノリン化合物CL097、チミジンホモポリマーホスホロチオアートODN(ポリ(dT))である。
TLR-9リガンドとしては、例えば、CpGオリゴデオキシヌクレオチド等が挙げられる。
カバノアナタケ(Fuscoporia obliqua)は、耐寒性のきのこで、中部ヨーロッパ、シベリア、中国、日本の北部地方等の寒冷地に広く分布している。シラカバやダケカンバ等のカバノキ類に多く寄生し、それらの樹木の樹液を養分にして生育し、その黒く硬い菌核はチャーガと呼ばれ、ロシアでは古くからお茶代わりに飲用されている。カバノアナタケは、抗腫瘍作用や血糖降下作用等の生理活性を有することが知られており、チャーガは白樺の木に寄生する、日本名カバノアナタケという耐寒性に優れたキノコの菌核である。また、近年の研究によりチャーガ(カバノアナタケ)は、これまでのキノコ類と比較して、免疫賦活作用を有するβ-グルカンや活性酸素除去能をもつSOD(superoxide dismutase)が豊富に含まれていることが確認されている。特にSODに関しては、アガリクスや山伏茸の約30倍といわれている。またその他多種多様な生理活性物質が含まれていることが分かり、抗腫瘍作用、慢性胃炎や胃潰瘍に対する効果、血統効果作用があることが分かっている。
本発明の1つの実施形態によれば、免疫原性因子として乳酸菌が用いられる。乳酸菌は、生育に必要なエネルギーを得るためにブドウ糖や乳糖などの糖を分解して乳酸をつくりだす細菌の総称である。細胞の形状の違いから、棒状あるいは円筒状の形をした乳酸桿菌と球形の乳酸球菌に分類される。ビフィズス菌も乳酸をつくり、 ヒトの健康に寄与することから、 広義の乳酸菌に含めて考えられる。乳酸菌は、例えば、エンテロコッカス属に属する菌、ビフィズス菌(例えば、ビフィドバクテリウム・ロンガムBR-108:受託番号:NITE P-1317で寄託されているビフィドバクテリウム・ロンガムBR-108株)などである。エンテロコッカス属に属する菌は、例えば、エンテロコッカス・フェカリス(Enterococcus faecalis)である。
本発明で用いられるドクダミ抽出物は、例えば、ドクダミ科ドクダミ属ドクダミ(Houttuynia cordata Thunb.、以下H.cordataと記載)の開花期地上部(生薬名:ジュウヤク)を、溶媒(水など)を用いて抽出して得られたものである。以下実施例で用いたドクダミ抽出物は、ドクダミDXP100(一丸ファルコス、ドクダミの地上部を水に加えて抽出した抽出物、クエルシトリン含量0.15%以上)を用いた。
本実施形態の組成物を使用する場合、その剤型は特に限定されず、液体、固体または半固体もしくは半液体とすることができ、好ましくは液体の形態である。これらの剤型は、当業者に公知の方法に基づき、必要に応じて適切な薬学的担体を採用して容易に製造することができる。剤型が固体の場合は、例えば、少なくとも免疫原性因子とプロテオグリカンとを含む、粉末、顆粒、錠剤、及びカプセル剤等が挙げられる。また、剤型が半固体または半液体の場合は、軟膏、ローション、クリームおよびゲル等が挙げられる。剤型が液体の形態の場合、用いる溶媒の例としては、水、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水、リンゲル液、デキストロース溶液、血清含有溶液、ハンク溶液、その他の水性の生理的平衡液、油、エステルおよびグリコールが挙げられる。溶媒は、例えば化学的安定性および等張性の増強により被投与者の生理学的条件に接近するのに必要な、適切な補助物質を含むことができる。適切な補助物質には例えば、酢酸ナトリウム、塩化ナトリウム、乳酸ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、塩化カルシウム、ならびに、リン酸緩衝液、トリス緩衝液および重炭酸緩衝液を生産するために使用されるその他の物質が含まれる。本発明の組成物は従来の方法によって滅菌されてもよいし、及び/又は凍結乾燥されてもよい。
組成物の投与対象としては、あらゆる動物が挙げられ、哺乳類および鳥類等の脊椎動物が好ましく、哺乳類であることがより好ましい。さらに、哺乳類の前記被験体は例えばヒトであるが、家畜(例えばニワトリ、ブタ、ウマ、ヤギ、ヒツジおよびウシ等の家畜類)、ペット動物(例えば、ネコ、イヌ、ハムスター、ウサギおよびモルモット等のペット動物)などが被験体となる場合もあり得る。
本実施形態の剤又は組成物は、顕著な免疫応答調節又は促進作用を有するので、例えば、本実施形態の剤又は組成物を用いて、生体において正常な代謝免疫応答が低下または抑制される疾病、疾患又は障害を有する患者の治療に有用である。また、本実施形態の剤又は組成物は、免疫系に悪影響を及ぼす状態に起因する疾病、疾患又は障害に罹患する危険性が高くなっている動物又はヒト等の被験体を治療的または予防的に処置するために用いることができる。
(実験材料)
・プロテオグリカン:プロテオグリカン、サケ鼻軟骨由来(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社、製品コード:162-22131)
・TLR2リガンド:Pam3-Cys-Ser-(Lys)4/3HCL、ALX-165-066-M002(Enzo Life Science)
・TLR3リガンド:Poly(I:C)、ALX-746-021-M005(Enzo Life Science)
・TLR4/NLRリガンド:LPS(E.coli O111:B4)、ALX-581-012-L001 (Enzo Life Science)
・TLR7/8リガンド:Imiquimod(R-837)、ALX-420-039-M100 (Enzo Life Science)
・TLR9リガンド:ODN1826、ALX-746-052-M001(Enzo Life Science)
・Dectin-1リガンド:Zymosan(酵母のβ-グルカン)、SC-25836(Santa Cruz Biotechnology)
・カバノアナタケ抽出物:カバノアナタケエキス粉末
・カワラタケ抽出物:カワラタケ粉末
24穴培養プレートを用い、マウスマクロファージ細胞株RAW264.7を、夫々終濃度で100U/mLのペニシリンG、100μg/mL硫酸ストレプトマイシン、100μg/mLアンホテリシンB及び10%牛胎児血清を含むDMEM中で2×106/wellにて培養を行った。37℃、CO2インキュベータにて1日培養後、各wellから培養液を抜き、新しい培養液に、被験試料として上述した免疫原性因子(各TLRリガンド、デクチン1リガンド、カバノアナタケ抽出物又はカワラタケ抽出物)と、プロテオグリカン(以下PGと略す)とを所定の濃度で同時に添加した。コントロールとして培養液のみ及び培養液にPGのみを添加したものを用いた。37℃、CO2インキュベータにて24時間培養を行った後、顕微鏡で細胞が死んでいないことを確認後、各wellから培養液を回収した。4℃にて3000rpm、20分遠心分離を行い回収した培養上清に含まれるTNF-α、IL-6、IL-10、IL-1β及びIFN-βの量をELISA法にて測定した。当該測定で用いたELISAは以下である。
・TNF-α:A43658、ThermoFisher
・IL-6:BMS603-2、ThermoFisher
・IL-10:BMS614INST、ThermoFisher
・IL-1β:BMS6002、ThermoFisher
・IFN-β:A47435、ThermoFisher
その結果を以下の表1~表3及び図1~図9に示す。図1~図9において、グラフの横軸は各種添加物を示し、具体的には以下のとおりである(カッコ内に添加濃度を示す。):
・Medium:培地
・PG:プロテオグリカン(250μg/mL)
・Pam:Pam3-Cys-Ser-(Lys)4/3HCl(250ng/mL)
・ODN:ODN1826(10μg/mL)
・Zymosan:サッカロミセス・セレビシエ由来のβ―グルカン(25μg/mL)
・LPS:LPS(大腸菌O111:B4)(10μg/mL)
・Kabano:カバノアナタケ抽出物(500μg/mL)
・Kawara:カワラタケ抽出物(500μg/mL)
・Loxoribine:7-Allyl-8-oxoguanosine(250μM)
以上の結果より、マウスマクロファージ細胞株を用いた実験において、抗炎症性サイトカインであるIL-10の誘導は、PGの有する抗炎症作用に関連すると考えられる。PGは、自然免疫受容体に依存して自然免疫応答を調節することができる。また、カバノアキタケ抽出物及びカワラタケ抽出物は自然免疫応答を促進することができ、この作用はPGにより増強されることが分かった。
(実験方法)
マウス骨髄由来の樹状細胞(骨髄系樹状細胞(mDC))を以下の手順で調製した。C57BL/6マウスの大腿骨から骨髄を取り出し、溶血バッファーにより赤血球を破壊することにより、骨髄細胞を回収した。10%FBS、100U/mLペニシリン、100μg/mLストレプトマイシン、0.1%2-メルカプトエタノール、及び組換えマウスGM-CSF(2~20ng/mL)を含有するRPMI1640培地中、骨髄細胞を2×105個/mLの細胞密度で7日間培養し、骨髄系樹状細胞(mDC)に分化させた。
・TNF-α:A43658、ThermoFisher
・IL-6:BMS603-2、ThermoFisher
・IL-12p70:BMS6004、ThermoFisher
24穴培養プレートを用い、実施例2で調製したマウス骨髄由来の骨髄系樹状細胞(mDC)を、夫々終濃度で100U/mLのペニシリンG、100μg/mL硫酸ストレプトマイシン、100μg/mLアンホテリシンB及び10%牛胎児血清を含むDMEM中で2×106/wellにて培養を行った。37℃、CO2インキュベータにて1日培養後、各wellから培養液を抜き、新しい培養液に、プロテオグリカン(250μg/mL、以下PGと略す。)の存在又は非存在下において、被験試料として加熱殺菌処理したリステリア・モノサイトゲネス(HK-LM)と、ドクダミ(H.cordata)抽出物又はカバノアナタケ抽出物(それぞれ500μg/mL)とを一緒に添加した。コントロールとしてHK-LMのみを添加したものを用いた。37℃、CO2インキュベータにて48時間培養を行った後、顕微鏡で細胞が死んでいないことを確認後、各wellから培養液を回収した。4℃にて3000rpm、20分遠心分離を行い回収した培養上清に含まれるTNF-α、IL-6、IL-12p70の量をELISA法にて測定した。
図16に示す実験方法に従い、6週齢の雌のC57BL/6マウスに、一匹当たり1×106個のリステリア・モノサイトゲネス(Listeria monocytogenes)を腹腔内投与(i.p.)により感染させた。感染9日前から感染3日後又は4日後まで、1日当たり3mgのカバノアナタケ抽出物を含む被験試料又は含まないコントロール試料でマウスを給餌した。一群のマウス(各群N=5)について、感染3日後にマウスから脾臓及び肝臓を摘出した。当該摘出した臓器をPBS(生理的食塩加リン酸緩衝液)存在下でホモジナイザー(homogenizer)でホモジナイズ(homogenize)した。当該ホモジナイズしたもの(液)0.1mLをトリプトソイ寒天平板培地に塗布した。当該塗布後、37℃、24時間培養した。当該培養後、培地に存在する細菌数を計測した。当該計測した数を生菌数とした。他の一群のマウスからは、感染4日後に脾臓を取り出して、実施例3と同様の方法で培養し、培養液に加熱殺菌処理したリステリア・モノサイトゲネス(HK-LM)を添加して免疫刺激した。37℃、CO2インキュベータにて48時間培養を行った後、顕微鏡で細胞が死んでいないことを確認後、各wellから培養液を回収した。4℃にて3000rpm、20分遠心分離を行い回収した培養上清に含まれるTNF-α、IL-6、IL-12p70の量をELISA法にて測定した。
図20に示す実験プロトコルに従い、6週齢の雌のC57BL/6マウスに、一匹当たり1×105個のリステリア・モノサイトゲネス(LM)を腹腔内投与(i.p.)により感染させた後、4週間経過後に再度、1×106個のLMを感染させた。最初の感染7日前から実験期間中、1日当たり3mgのカバノアナタケ抽出物を含む被験試料又は含まないコントロール試料でマウスを給餌した。一群のマウスについて、感染2日後に脾臓及び肝臓を摘出した。当該摘出した臓器をPBS(生理的食塩加リン酸緩衝液)存在下でホモジナイザー(homogenizer)でホモジナイズ(homogenize)した。当該ホモジナイズしたもの(液)0.1mLをトリプトソイ寒天平板培地に塗布した。当該塗布後、37℃、24時間培養した。当該培養後、培地に存在する細菌数を計測した。当該計測した数を生菌数とした。他の一群のマウスからは、2度目の感染直前に脾臓を取り出して、実施例3と同様の方法で培養し、培養液に加熱殺菌処理したリステリア・モノサイトゲネス(HK-LM)を添加して免疫刺激した。コントロールとして、LMによる初回感染を行わなかったマウスを用いて同様の実験を行った。37℃、CO2インキュベータにて48時間培養を行った後、顕微鏡で細胞が死んでいないことを確認後、各wellから培養液を回収した。4℃にて3000rpm、20分遠心分離を行い回収した培養上清に含まれるTNF-α、IL-6、IL-12p70の量をELISA法にて測定した。
1錠当たり5mgのプロテオグリカンを含む以下の成分組成からなる200mg錠剤を、各成分をよく混合してから打錠することで製造した。
プロテオグリカン 5mg
カバノアナタケ抽出物 10mg
乳糖 127mg
でんぷん 45mg
カルボキシメチルセルロース 10mg
タルク 2mg
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1mg
合計200mg/錠
1カプセル当たり20mgのプロテオグリカンを含む以下の成分組成からなる100mgカプセル剤を、各成分をよく混合してからカプセルに充填することで製造した。
プロテオグリカン 20mg
カワラタケ抽出物 10mg
乳糖 43mg
でんぷん 25mg
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 2mg
合計100mg/カプセル
Claims (10)
- プロテオグリカンを有効成分として含む免疫応答調節のための剤。
- 免疫応答調節が、自然免疫応答調節である、請求項1に記載の剤。
- TLR4の活性化によって媒介される免疫応答を抑制するための請求項1又は2に記載の剤。
- TLR2、TLR7/8、TLR9及び/又はデクチン1の活性化によって媒介される免疫応答を促進するための請求項1又は2に記載の剤。
- 免疫原性因子とプロテオグリカンとを、一緒に又は別々に組み合わせて含む、免疫応答を活性化するための組成物。
- 前記免疫原性因子が、TLR2リガンド、TLR7/8リガンド、TLR9リガンド又はデクチン1リガンドである請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 前記免疫原性因子が、カバノアナタケ抽出物又はカワラタケ抽出物である請求項5又は6に記載の組成物。
- 前記免疫原性因子が、乳酸菌の菌体成分である請求項5又は6に記載の組成物。
- 前記免疫原性因子が、ドクダミ抽出物である請求項5又は6に記載の組成物。
- 前記免疫応答が、自然免疫及び/又は獲得免疫を介して活性化される請求項7から9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
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