WO2011027829A1 - 乳酸菌由来のrnaを有効成分とする組成物 - Google Patents
乳酸菌由来のrnaを有効成分とする組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011027829A1 WO2011027829A1 PCT/JP2010/065051 JP2010065051W WO2011027829A1 WO 2011027829 A1 WO2011027829 A1 WO 2011027829A1 JP 2010065051 W JP2010065051 W JP 2010065051W WO 2011027829 A1 WO2011027829 A1 WO 2011027829A1
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition comprising RNA derived from lactic acid bacteria as an active ingredient, and to the use of the composition for immunity regulation or cytokine production regulation.
- Macrophages and dendritic cells which are cells that control innate immunity, are receptors (pattern-recognition receptors: PRRs) that recognize unique molecular patterns (pathogen-associated molecular patterns: PAMPs) that exist in pathogenic microorganisms that have invaded the body. Is expressed.
- PRRs pattern-recognition receptors
- PAMPs pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- TLR Toll-like receptor
- TNF- ⁇ tumor necrosis factor- ⁇
- IL interleukin
- IL-12 IL-12 in macrophages and dendritic cells. It is involved in suppression of expansion and determination of T cell differentiation.
- dendritic cells matured by TLR signal induce antigen-specific proliferation of lymphocytes by presenting antigens to lymphocytes such as B cells and T cells.
- TLR plays an important role not only for the innate immune system but also for the acquired immune system.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an isolated RNA oligomer having a length of 5 to 40 nucleotides having a base sequence containing at least one guanine and at least one uracil for the purpose of immunostimulation by TLR signaling, and as required. Discloses techniques for immunostimulatory compositions comprising cationic lipids. And it is described that it is preferable to use an isolated RNA oligomer produced by a nucleic acid synthesis method as a nucleic acid which is an active ingredient of an immunostimulatory composition (paragraph 73 of the specification).
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique of oligodeoxynucleotide having an immunostimulatory action and having a specific base sequence. However, Patent Document 2 discloses only mitogenic activity on the genomic DNA of the genus Bifidobacterium, that is, the result of examination of cell mitogenic activity, in the Examples, and has a direct immunostimulatory effect. There is no disclosure of the results of experiments on the presence or absence.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 to 5 studies on the intestinal regulation, cancer risk reduction, prevention of atopic dermatitis, allergy reduction, biological defense mechanism, blood cholesterol reduction, blood pressure lowering, etc.
- Orally ingested lactic acid bacteria are taken from Peyer's patch (PP) in the intestine and phagocytosed by macrophages and dendritic cells deployed in PP. This is thought to activate immune cells and activate innate immunity.
- lactic acid bacteria are recognized by TLR (Non-patent Document 6), and it is considered that lactic acid bacteria regulate the functions of macrophages and dendritic cells via TLR signals.
- identification of the active ingredient of lactic acid bacteria leads to the development of a drug that regulates the production of specific cytokines and may be used in the medical field.
- a drug that regulates the production of specific cytokines and may be used in the medical field.
- the details of the substance that is the main body of the action of regulating immunity and cytokine production in lactic acid bacteria have not yet been clarified.
- the present invention has been achieved in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to identify a substance that is the main body of an action that regulates immune regulation and cytokine production in lactic acid bacteria, and uses the substance.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a composition having an immunomodulating action and a composition having an action of regulating cytokine production.
- the present inventors have promoted the production of IL-12 and the like by RNA derived from lactic acid bacteria via TLR7 and Myd88, or the production of TNF- ⁇ . As a result, the present inventors have found that the present invention has been suppressed.
- the present invention provides the following inventions.
- a composition having an immunomodulating action comprising RNA derived from lactic acid bacteria as an active ingredient.
- a composition having an action of regulating cytokine production comprising RNA derived from lactic acid bacteria as an active ingredient.
- the composition according to (2) which has an action of promoting production of at least one cytokine selected from the group consisting of IL-12, CCL2, CCL5, CCL7, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-1 ⁇ . object.
- the composition according to (2) which has an action of suppressing production of TNF- ⁇ .
- composition according to any one of (1) to (5) which has an immunomodulatory action dependent on at least one biomolecule selected from the group consisting of TLR7 and Myd88 or an action of regulating cytokine production object.
- RNA is a single-stranded RNA.
- the lactic acid bacterium is Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus, Leuococcus on, and Leu
- composition according to any one of (1) to (7) which is at least one lactic acid bacterium selected from the group consisting of lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium.
- composition according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the lactic acid bacterium is lactic acid cocci.
- (11) The composition according to any one of (1) to (10), which is a composition for oral intake.
- RNA derived from lactic acid bacteria as an active ingredient, in vivo TLR7 or Myd88-dependent signaling, etc. is activated, production of IL-12 or the like is promoted, or TNF- ⁇ Production can be suppressed.
- the immune function of the living body is activated to suppress a decrease in the immune function, and the immune function is not adversely affected. Can do.
- lactic acid bacteria have been included in fermented foods such as fermented milk for a long time and have a long dietary experience.
- 2 is a bar graph summarizing the ability of EC-12-derived RNA to induce CCL5 production.
- 2 is a bar graph summarizing the ability of EC-12-derived RNA to induce CCL7 production.
- 2 is a bar graph summarizing the ability of EC-12-derived RNA to induce CXCL10 production.
- 2 is a bar graph summarizing the ability of EC-12-derived RNA to induce IL-6 production.
- 2 is a bar graph summarizing the ability of EC-12-derived RNA to induce IL-1 ⁇ production.
- 2 is a bar graph summarizing the ability of EC-12-derived RNA to induce TNF- ⁇ production.
- 2 is a bar graph summarizing the ability of EC-12-derived RNA to induce IL-12 production.
- the present invention provides a composition having an activity of regulating immune regulation or cytokine production, comprising RNA derived from lactic acid bacteria as an active ingredient.
- lactic acid bacteria refers to a general term for bacteria that produce lactic acid by lactic acid fermentation, that is, metabolism.
- the lactic acid bacteria include, but are not limited to, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus, Leuconocto And at least 1 or more types of lactic acid bacteria selected from the group which consists of lactic acid bacteria which belong to Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacterium) can be used.
- examples of bacteria belonging to the genus Enterococcus include Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium.
- Lactobacillus The bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus include Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus sacvarius, Lactobacillus sacvarius, Rhamnosus (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) etc. are mentioned.
- bacteria belonging to the genus Lactococcus include Lactococcus cremoris and Lactococcus lactis.
- bacteria belonging to the genus Streptococcus include Streptococcus thermophilus (Streptococcus thermophilus) and the like.
- bacteria belonging to the genus Pediococcus include Pediococcus damnosus.
- Leuconostoc examples include Leuconostoc mesenteroides.
- Bacteria belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium include Bifidobacterium adolecentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium brevetium, Bifidobacterium brevebacterium, Infantitis (Bifidobacterium infantis), Bifidobacterium longum (Bifidobacterium longum), etc. are mentioned.
- the lactic acid bacterium may be a lactic acid cocci.
- lactic acid cocci include, but are not necessarily limited to, the aforementioned Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Lactococcus cremolith, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus and the like.
- Enterococcus faecalis as the lactic acid bacterium.
- Enterococcus faecalis examples include strains such as Enterococcus faecalis EC-12, ATCC 19433, ATCC 14508, ATCC 23655, IFO 16803, IFO 16804, and mutants thereof.
- the EC-12 strain is most preferred as the active ingredient.
- mutant strain means that a specific strain has been mutated by a method well known to those skilled in the art to the extent that the person skilled in the art does not change its properties or is equivalent to that. It means to include what can be done.
- the Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 strain (Enterococcus faecalis EC-12) was issued on February 25, 2005 (original deposit date), and is a patent biological deposit center (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology). Deposited at 1-6 Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan 305-5466, Japan. The accession number is FERM BP-10284.
- RNA in the present invention can be derived from natural or non-natural origin.
- Naturally-occurring RNA is generally a linear polymer of specific ribonucleoside units, each ribonucleoside unit is composed of a purine or pyrimidine base and a ribose sugar, and the nucleosides are linked by phosphodiester bonds. It is a kind of nucleic acid that means something.
- “linear” refers to the primary structure of RNA.
- RNA is single-stranded or double-stranded, but can also include partially double-stranded.
- the active ingredient of the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is RNA derived from lactic acid bacteria, and may be single-stranded RNA, double-stranded RNA, or partially double-stranded RNA. Of these, single-stranded RNA is preferable from the viewpoint of being recognized by Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in vivo. Since lactic acid bacteria have been included in fermented foods such as fermented milk for a long time and have a long dietary experience, the composition of the present invention containing RNA derived from lactic acid bacteria as an active ingredient is considered to be highly safe. In addition, about lactic acid bacteria, only 1 type may be used and RNA of 2 or more types of lactic acid bacteria may be mixed and used. Furthermore, any RNA can be used regardless of the type of RNA, such as messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and other RNA.
- mRNA messenger RNA
- tRNA transfer RNA
- RNA of lactic acid bacteria used as an active ingredient As a method for producing RNA of lactic acid bacteria used as an active ingredient, a conventionally used method can be employed.
- a method for producing RNA of lactic acid bacteria for example, a method of synthesis by a nucleic acid synthesis method or the like may be employed, or a method obtained from an existing nucleic acid source (for example, genomic DNA or cDNA) may be employed.
- examples of the method for producing RNA of lactic acid bacteria include a phenol method, a spin column, a glass filter, and a method using ion exchange, but are not particularly limited to these methods.
- Immuno modulating action in the present invention refers not only to activating the immune function of a living body ingesting the composition of the present invention to suppress a decrease in immune function, but also to an excessively enhanced immunity such as an allergic reaction. It means the action of suppressing the function and thus adjusting the balance of immune function.
- the present invention also provides a composition having an action of regulating cytokine production, comprising the RNA derived from lactic acid bacteria as an active ingredient.
- the effect of regulating cytokine production is, for example, at least one protein selected from the group consisting of IL-12, CCL2, CCL5, CCL7, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-1 ⁇ . It not only promotes production but also has an effect of suppressing production of TNF- ⁇ .
- IL-12 Interleukin-12
- IL-12p35 IL-12p40
- a heterodimer composed thereof IL-12p70
- IL-12p40 is preferable.
- IL-12p35 derived from human
- ACCESSION No. The protein (gene) specified by NP_000873.2 (NM_000882.2) can be mentioned, and as typical IL-12p40 derived from human, ACCESSION No. Examples include proteins (genes) specified by NP_002178.2 (NM_002187.2).
- CCL2 (Chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2) is a typical example derived from humans such as ACCESSION No. Examples include proteins (genes) specified by NP_002973.1 (NM_002982.3).
- CCL5 (Chemokine (CC motif) ligand 5) is a typical example of human origin, ACCESSION No. Examples include proteins (genes) specified by NP_002976.2 (NM_002985.2).
- CCL7 (Chemokine (CC motif) ligand 7) is a typical example of human origin, ACCESSION No.
- the protein (gene) specified by NP_006264.2 (NM_006273.2) is mentioned.
- CXCL10 (Chemokine (C—C—C—motif) ligand 10) is a typical example of human origin, ACCESSION No. Examples include proteins (genes) specified by NP_001556.2 (NM_001565.2).
- IL-6 also referred to as Interleukin-6 or Interferon beta 2
- Interleukin-6 is a typical example derived from humans such as ACCESSION No.
- proteins include proteins (genes) specified by NP_000591.1 (NM_000000600.2).
- IL-1 ⁇ Interleukin-1 alpha
- NP_000566.3 NM_000575.3
- TNF- ⁇ Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
- NP_000585.2 NM_000594.2
- amino acid sequence of a protein can be mutated in nature (ie, non-artificially). Therefore, in the present invention, such natural mutants are included in cytokines such as IL-12 and TNF- ⁇ .
- the production of cytokines such as IL-12 and TNF- ⁇ includes not only the production of the protein itself but also the expression of genes encoding each protein.
- the immunomodulating action or the cytokine regulating action is preferably an action dependent on at least one biomolecule selected from the group consisting of TLR7 and Myd88.
- TLR7 is a Toll-like receptor (TLR), a receptor for macrophages and dendritic cells to recognize foreign microorganisms. It is expressed in intracellular endosomes and is a single chain derived from a virus. It is a receptor that recognizes RNA and the like.
- Myd88 myloid differentiation primary response gene (88)) recognizes each ligand (such as single-stranded RNA derived from a virus in TLR7) in the cytoplasm of Toll-like receptors (excluding TLR3). It is an adapter protein that binds to the TIR domain of and induces the activation of NF- ⁇ B and MAPK.
- TLR7 is ACCESSION No. as a typical example of human origin. Examples thereof include a protein (gene) specified by NP_057666.1 (NM_0166562.3). In addition, Myd88 is a typical example derived from humans such as ACCESSION No. Examples include proteins (genes) specified by NP_002459.2 (NM_002468.4).
- amino acid sequence of a protein can be mutated in nature (ie, non-artificially). Therefore, in the present invention, such natural mutants are also included in TLR7 and Myd88.
- the effective intake of the composition of the present invention is 1 ⁇ g / kg / day to 10 mg / kg / day in terms of RNA.
- the content of lactic acid bacteria in the composition of the present invention preferably includes 1 to 10,000 mg of lactic acid bacteria per day in terms of dry matter, and more preferably includes 10 to 1000 mg.
- composition of the present invention exerts effects on intestinal regulation, cancer risk reduction, prevention of atopic dermatitis, allergy reduction, infection protection and the like.
- the composition of the present invention can be suitably used as a composition for oral consumption.
- the RNA derived from the lactic acid bacterium can be used as it is, or it can be used as it is in the form of the lactic acid bacterium, and further, excipients, sweeteners, fragrances, coloring agents and the like are added. And it can also use what was processed into the dosage form for internal use, such as a granular form, a tablet, and a capsule.
- additives such as excipients, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, stabilizers, flavoring agents, diluents, surfactants, and the like that are widely used for ordinary drugs can be used as a formulation carrier.
- a complex with a positively charged carrier such as a cationic liposome may be formed so as to be suitable for delivery to and incorporation into the target cells.
- composition for oral consumption of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include general foods, confectionery, jelly, gummy, candy, gum, snack confectionery, baked confectionery, retort food, instant food, and nutritional supplements.
- examples include foods, beverages, sheet-like foods, chewables, jelly beverages (chua packs), kneaded products, rice porridges, boiled potatoes, and the like.
- specific examples are not limited to these.
- the cells When the cells reach 80% confluence, they are treated with a 2.5 g / L trypsin-1 mM EDTA (ethylenediametracetic acid) solution (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque) for 5 minutes, and then detached with a cell scraper (manufactured by IWAKI). The passage was done.
- trypsin-1 mM EDTA ethylenediametracetic acid
- EC-12 bactericidal lactic acid bacteria EC-12 (combined by Combi Co., Ltd.) was added to 5% FCS RPMI 1640 medium so as to be 10 mg / mL, and output was disrupted with an ULTRASONIC DISCUPTOR (manufactured by Tomy) with 3 outputs. The sonication was performed on ice for 2 minutes and 30 seconds for a total of 2 minutes and 30 seconds. After sonication, the cell suspension was serially diluted in 3 stages (10 times, 10 times, 5 times) with 5% FCS RPMI 1640 medium, adjusted to 20 ⁇ g / mL, and then subjected to culture.
- J774.1 cells with EC-12> J774.1 cells prepared as described above and reaching 80% confluence were washed with 0.1 M PBS (Phosphate buffered saline) and then treated with 2.5 g / L trypsin-1 mM EDTA solution for 5 minutes.
- the cell suspension obtained by peeling the cells from the incubator with a cell scraper was centrifuged at 1,000 rpm (170 g) at room temperature for 5 minutes.
- the cells obtained by accumulation were resuspended in 5% FCS RPMI 1640 medium, the number of cells was measured using a hemocytometer, and the number of cells was adjusted to 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / mL.
- the prepared cell suspension is seeded in a 96-well plate for cell culture (SUMILON: manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.) at 100 ⁇ L / well (5 ⁇ 10 4 cells), and 5% CO 2 at 37 ° C. until the cells adhere. Pre-cultured for 4 hours under the conditions.
- SUMILON manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.
- EC-12 for addition (20 ⁇ g / mL) prepared as described above was added in an amount of 100 ⁇ L at a time, so that the final concentration of EC-12 was 10 ⁇ g / mL.
- J774.1 cells cultured in a basal medium without EC-12 were used as a control.
- the culture time for all experiments was 20 hours, and experimental treatment and control wells were performed in triplicate.
- RNA extraction from cells after 20 hours of culture For extraction of total RNA from cells, QuickGene RNA structured cell HC kit S (manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation) was used. The LRP solution attached to the kit (10 ⁇ L of 2-mercaptoethanol added per mL) was added at 100 ⁇ L / well, transferred to a screw cap tube containing 5 mm zirconia beads, and FastPrep FP120 (Funakoshi Co., Ltd.) was used to speed 4. Cell disruption was performed for 0, 40 seconds. After adding 15 ⁇ L of SRP solution attached to the extraction kit and vortexing for 15 seconds, 50 ⁇ L of 99.5% ethanol was added and vortexed for 1 minute.
- RNA was extracted from the RNA as a template.
- a reverse transcription reaction was performed using PrimeScript (TM) RT reagent Kit for Perfect Real Time (manufactured by Takara) to synthesize cDNA. That is, using 150 ng of total RNA as a template, using Oligo dT Primer and Random 6 mers attached to the kit as reverse transcription primers, making the total volume 10 ⁇ L with sterilized water (RNase free), reverse transcription according to the instructions attached to the kit Reaction was performed and cDNA was synthesized.
- TM PrimeScript
- RT reagent Kit for Perfect Real Time manufactured by Takara
- ⁇ Quantification of IL-12p40 gene expression level> Using the synthesized cDNA as a template, the expression level of IL-12p40 gene was measured using real-time PCR.
- LightCycler (R) 480 Real-Time PCR System (Roche Applied Science) was used.
- the composition of the reaction solution was 2 ⁇ L of template cDNA, 5 ⁇ L of LightCycler® 480 Probes Master (manufactured by Roche Applied Science), and 100 nM Universal Probe Library Probe (10 ⁇ m each of RocApplied).
- the reaction was performed after initial denaturation at 95 ° C. for 5 minutes, followed by 50 cycles of 95 ° C. for 10 seconds, 60 ° C.
- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene was used as an internal correction factor.
- Primers were designed with probe finder software (Roche Applied Science). Table 1 shows the base sequence and universal probe library probe number of each primer. The results of real-time PCR were analyzed using LightCycler® 480 software (manufactured by Roche Applied Science), and the relative quantitative analysis by ⁇ Ct method was performed after calculating the Threshold Cycle (Ct) value by the 2nd Derivative Maximum method.
- ⁇ Quantification of IL-12 protein The concentration of IL-12 protein in the cell culture supernatant after culturing for 20 hours was measured using a Mouse Interleukin-12 ELISA Kit (BioSource: manufactured by Invitrogen). The measurement procedure followed the kit protocol.
- FIG. 1 A and B are bar graphs comparing the IL-12p40 gene expression levels of J774.1 cells, and C is a graph comparing the IL-12p40 protein production levels of J774.1 cells.
- ** (two asterisks) indicates p ⁇ 0.01.
- the expression level of IL-12p40 gene in J774.1 cells cultured with EC-12 (“EC-12” in A and B in FIG. 1) was not added to J774.
- the expression level of IL-12p40 gene in one cell (“medium” in A and B in FIG. 1) is about 600 times in the first time (A in FIG. 1) and about 1200 times in the second time (B in FIG. 1). Met.
- the IL-12p40 protein production amount of J774.1 cells cultured with EC-12 (“EC-12” in C in FIG. 1) is the IL-12p40 protein production amount of J774.1 cells without addition (FIG. 1). It was about 35 times that of “medium” in middle C).
- Test Example 2 Treatment of EC-12 with DNase / RNase (nuclease treatment), and culture of the treated cells with J774.1 cells ⁇ Preparation of EC-12 for addition> 5% FCS RPMI 1640 EC-12 (10 mg / mL) dispersed in the medium was treated with 20 units / mL RNase free DNase I (Takara) or 0.1 mg / mL RNase A (Invitrogen) at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes. did. After the treatment, EC-12 after each nuclease treatment was diluted in three stages as described above, and cultured with J774.1 cells in the same manner as in Test Example 1.
- LPS Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia Coli 0111: B4: manufactured by Sigma
- LPS Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia Coli 0111: B4: manufactured by Sigma
- LPS prepared to 10 ⁇ g / mL with 5% FCS RPMI 1640 medium was treated with DNase or RNase in the same manner as EC-12, and further diluted to 0.6 ⁇ g / mL with 5% FCS RPMI 1640 medium.
- the final concentration of LPS was 0.3 ⁇ g / mL.
- FIG. 2A and 2B are bar graphs comparing IL-12p40 gene expression levels of J774.1 cells
- FIG. 2C is a graph comparing IL-12 protein production levels of J774.1 cells ( Significant difference between different signs (ag): p ⁇ 0.05.
- the bar graph described as “medium” shows the results of culturing J774.1 cells without addition of bacteria
- the bar graph described as “EC-12” shows cultures of EC-12 and J774.1 cells.
- the bar graph described as “LPS” is a graph showing the results of culturing LPS and J774.1 cells, respectively.
- both the IL-12p40 gene expression level and the IL-12p40 protein production level of J774.1 cells are the same as when untreated EC-12 was added. It was found that there was a significant decrease in comparison, and in particular, a significant decrease was observed during RNase treatment.
- EC-12 was treated with both DNase and RNase (nuclease treatment) and cultured with J774.1 cells. That is, both EC-12 (10 mg / mL) dispersed in 5% FCS RPMI 1640 medium, 20 units / mL RNase free DNase I (Takara) and 0.1 mg / mL RNase A (Invitrogen) At 37 ° C. for 30 minutes. After the treatment, the EC-12 sample was diluted in three stages, and cultured with J774.1 cells in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and the IL-12p40 gene expression level in these cells was measured. The obtained results are shown in FIG. In FIG.
- a and B are both bar graphs comparing the expression level of IL-12p40 gene in J774.1 cells (significant difference between different symbols (ab): p ⁇ 0.01).
- the bar graph described as “medium” shows the results of culturing J774.1 cells without addition
- the bar graph described as “EC-12” shows cultures of EC-12 and J774.1 cells.
- the bar graph described as “nuclease-treated EC-12” is a graph showing the results of culturing EC-12 and J774.1 cells treated with DNase and RNase, respectively.
- Test Example 3 Culture of J774.1 cells and EC-12 under inhibition of TLR7 or TLR9 signaling
- a phosphorothioated (S-modified) synthetic oligonucleotide (ODN) was used (Barrat) , FJ et al., J. Exp. Med. 2005, 202 (8): 1131-9). That is, IRS661 was used as an antagonist of TLR7, and IRS869 was used as an antagonist of TLR9. Further, CL097 (manufactured by InvivoGen) was used as an agonist of TLR7, and ISS1018, which is a phosphorothioated synthetic ODN, was used as an agonist of TLR9. The sequence of each synthetic ODN is shown in Table 2.
- IRS661 was added to the medium at 5.6 ⁇ M and IRS869 at 0.7 ⁇ M, and the cells were cultured in a CO 2 incubator. Thereafter, culture with EC-12 was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 1. Moreover, what added ISS1018 to 0.7 micromol and CL097 to the culture medium so that it might become 1 microgram / mL, and culture
- FIG. 4A and 4B are both bar graphs comparing the IL-12p40 gene expression level of J774.1 cells
- FIG. 4C is a graph comparing the IL-12 protein production levels of J774.1 cells. (Significant difference between different signs (af): p ⁇ 0.05).
- “ND” means “No Data”, that is, not measured.
- the bar graph described as “medium” shows the results of culturing J774.1 cells without addition of bacteria
- the bar graph described as “EC-12” shows cultures of EC-12 and J774.1 cells.
- the bar graph described as “CL097 (TLR7 agonist)” shows the results of the culture of TLR7 agonist and J774.1 cells
- the bar graph described as “ISS1018 (TLR9 agonist)” shows the results of TLR9 agonist and J774.
- 1 is a graph showing the results of culture with 1 cell, respectively.
- TLR7 As is apparent from the results shown in the three bar graphs labeled “CL097 (TLR7 agonist)” and the three bar graphs labeled “ISS1018 (TLR9 agonist)” in FIGS. 4A to 4C, TLR7 It was confirmed that the IL-12p40 gene expression level by the agonist and the TLR9 agonist, and the protein production amount were significantly decreased by the addition of the TLR7 antagonist or the TLR9 antagonist (p ⁇ 0.05). The TLR7 antagonist and the TLR9 antagonist were appropriately It was confirmed that each signaling of TLR7 or TLR9 was inhibited.
- the amount of IL-12 protein produced by J774.1 cells in culture with untreated EC-12 When the average value (value indicated by the white bar graph of “EC-12” in C in FIG. 4) was 100%, 51.9 ⁇ 3.1% (in C in FIG. 4) with the addition of the TLR7 antagonist The amount of protein production decreased to “EC-12” (value indicated by the hatched bar graph), and 63.9 ⁇ 6.5% (indicated by the horizontal broken line of “EC-12” in C in FIG. 4) when TLR9 antagonist was added. The amount of protein production decreased to the value shown in the bar graph.
- IL-12p40 gene expression level of J774.1 cells induced by EC-12 was significantly reduced by the addition of a TLR7 antagonist or a TLR9 antagonist (p ⁇ 0.05). It was also revealed that the suppression of IL-12p40 production inducing ability exhibited by EC-12 was more marked when TLR7 signaling was inhibited than when TLR9 signaling was inhibited. This indicates that IL-12p40 production when RNase-treated EC-12 was added was lower than IL-12p40 production when EC-12 treated with DNase was added as shown in Test Example 2. Consistent with what was shown, it was strongly suggested that the active ingredient of EC-12 that induces IL-12 production from J774.1 cells is a nucleic acid, particularly RNA.
- RNA extraction from EC-12 was performed using QuickGene RNA tissue kit S II (manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation). Specifically, 500 ⁇ L of LRT solution (10 ⁇ L of 2-mercaptoethanol added per mL) was added to 150 mg of EC-12, transferred to a screw cap tube containing 0.1 mm glass beads, and FastPrep FP120 (Funakoshi Co., Ltd.) was homogenized for 90 seconds at a speed of 6.5. Subsequent operations were performed in accordance with the kit extraction protocol. In addition, RNase free DNase I (manufactured by Takara) was used for DNase treatment, and the on-column method was performed according to the protocol attached to the kit S II.
- LRT solution 10 ⁇ L of 2-mercaptoethanol added per mL
- DNA extraction from EC-12 was performed using QuickGene DNA tissue kit S (manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation). 38. That is, 250 ⁇ L of the MDT solution attached to the kit was added to 150 mg of EC-12, transferred to a screw cap tube containing 0.1 mm glass beads, and homogenized at a speed of 6.5 for 90 seconds using FastPrep FP120 (manufactured by Funakoshi Co., Ltd.). did. Thereafter, 25 ⁇ L of the EDT solution attached to the kit was added and incubated at 55 ° C. for 60 minutes.
- the mixture is centrifuged at 13,000 rpm (12,000 g) at room temperature for 10 minutes, 200 ⁇ L of the supernatant is dispensed into a new microtube, 60 ⁇ L of RNase A (20 mg / mL: manufactured by Invitrogen) is added, and then at room temperature for 2 minutes. Incubated. Further, 180 ⁇ L of the LDT solution attached to the kit was added, vortexed for 15 seconds, incubated at 70 ° C. for 10 minutes, 240 ⁇ L of 99.5% ethanol was added, and vortexed for 15 seconds. Subsequent processing was performed using QuickGene-Mini80 according to the protocol attached to the kit.
- RNA and DNA were mixed with 5% FCS RPMI 1640 medium, added to the medium so that RNA was 5.6 ng / ⁇ L and DNA was 4.6 ng / ⁇ g, and cultured with J774.1 cells. .
- the quantification of IL-12p40 gene expression in the cultured cells was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 1. The obtained results are shown in FIG. Note that A and B in FIG. 5 are both bar graphs comparing the expression levels of IL-12p40 gene in J774.1 cells (significantly different between different signs (ab): p ⁇ 0.01). . In addition, the bar graph described as “medium” in FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of the culture of the additive-free J774.1 cells, and the bar graph described as “DNA” shows the extracted EC-12 DNA and J774.1 cells.
- the bar graph described as “DNase-treated DNA” shows the results of culture of DNase-treated EC-12 DNA and J774.1 cells, and the bar graph described as “RNA”
- the bar graph labeled “RNase-treated RNA” shows the results of the culture of EC-12 RNA and J774.1 cells, and the results of the culture of EC-12 RNA treated with RNase and J774.1 cells. It is the graph which each showed.
- J774.1 cells definitely recognized DNA as an antigen.
- IL-12p40 production from J774.1 cells hardly changed. This is because TLR7 and TLR9 are expressed in intracellular endosomes (Nishiya, T. et al. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 4; 280 (44): 37107-17, and Leifer, CA). et al., J. Immunol. 2004, 173 (2): 1179-83), in order for free DNA molecules or RNA molecules to be recognized by TLR7 and TLR9, they need to be taken up into cells. It is believed that there is.
- Example 1 Lipofection of EC-12-derived RNA into J774.1 cells Since J774.1 cells were judged to have no uptake of free RNA, lipofection was performed in order to introduce RNA into the cells. .
- FuGENE HD Transfection Reagent manufactured by Roche Applied Science was used for lipofection. Total RNA extracted and prepared from EC-12 in the same manner as in Test Example 4 was adjusted to 20 ⁇ g / ⁇ L with serum-free medium (Opti-MEM), then 6 ⁇ L of FuGENE HD Transfection Reagent was added, reacted for 10 minutes, and FuGENE / An RNA complex was formed. 5 ⁇ L of this complex was added dropwise per 0.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells and cultured for 20 hours.
- lipofection was also performed in the same manner on EC-12-derived total RNA (50 ⁇ g / ⁇ L) treated with 0.1 mg / mL RNase A (Invitrogen). Furthermore, J774.1 cells that inhibited TLR7 signaling were prepared in the same manner as in Test Example 3, and the cells obtained by the preparation were lipofected in the same manner.
- FIG. 6A and 6B are bar graphs comparing the IL-12p40 gene expression levels of J774.1 cells
- FIG. 6C is a graph comparing the IL-12p40 protein production levels of J774.1 cells.
- the bar graph labeled “medium” shows the results of culturing J774.1 cells with no additive
- the bar graph labeled “lipofectant reagent” shows the results of culturing the lipofection reagent and J774.1 cells.
- the bar graph described as “EC-12 RNA lipofection” is the bar graph described as “RNase-treated EC-12 RNA lipofection” as a result of culturing of the RNA of EC-12 subjected to lipofection and J774.1 cells. Shows the results of the culture of EC-12 RNA and J774.1 cells lipofected after RNase treatment, and the bar graph described as “TLR7 antagonist EC-12 RNA lipofection” shows the EC-1 after lipofection.
- RNA and the results of culture with J774.1 cells inhibited TLR7 signaling is a graph showing respectively.
- the comparison between the “lipofection reagent” bar graph and the “EC-12 RNA lipofection” bar graph shows that the expression level of IL-12p40 gene in J774.1 cells is determined by lipofection of RNA extracted from EC-12. , About 400 times (A in FIG. 6) in the first time, and about 400 times (B in FIG. 6) in the second time, and the EC-12-derived RNA As a result, it became clear that the IL-12 protein production amount of J774.1 cells increased about 8 times (C in FIG. 6) with respect to no addition.
- the ligand recognized by TLR7 is generally a single-stranded RNA derived from a virus (Lund, JM et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2004, 101 (15). : 5598-603)), the results revealed for the first time that RNA derived from bacteria was recognized by TLR7.
- the prepared cells, RNase-treated cells, and DNase-treated cells were sensitized to J774.1 cells at a final concentration of 10 ⁇ g / ml, and the concentration of IL-12 protein was measured.
- the protein concentration was similarly measured for unsensitized J774.1 cells.
- the concentration of IL-12 protein in the culture supernatant was measured in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and the induction of IL-12 production in each bacterial cell was the untreated result value of Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 as 1. Expressed as a relative value of 00 (reference value). The obtained results are shown in FIG. Incidentally, FIG.
- Enterococcus faecalis EC-12 strain Enterococcus faecalis (strains difference), Enterococcus faecium, Lactococcus cremoris, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium Breve, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum, IL-12 production inducing ability of untreated cells (upper white bar graph), cells after RNase treatment (middle black bar graph), cells after DNase treatment The results when using the body (lower shaded bar graph) are shown.
- Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus gasseri on two by two examples for Bifidobacterium breve, by three examples for Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus plantarum, although each respectively four cases results are shown for Bifidobacterium longum, These are the results for the same and different strains, respectively.
- thermophilus As is clear from the results shown in FIG. faecalis, E .; faecium, L.M. cremoris, L.M. lactis, S. et al.
- thermophilus there was almost no difference between the value when using untreated cells and the value when using cells after DNase treatment.
- the value when using the microbial cells after RNase treatment is 1/2 to 30 times smaller than the value when using untreated microbial cells or microbial cells after DNase treatment. It became clear that it decreased significantly. This shows that IL-12 production-inducing ability of lactic acid cocci is markedly reduced by RNase treatment.
- thermophilus was used, similar results were obtained in several strains.
- Test Example 6 Analysis using knockout mice
- spleen cells of Myd88, TLR2, and TLR4 knockout mice were isolated and shown in Table 3. Evaluation was performed using lactic acid strains (EC-12, Lactobacillus 5 strain and Enterococcus 5 strain). In addition, spleen cells of TLR7 knockout mice were isolated and evaluated using EC-12.
- isolation and culture of spleen cells from each knockout mouse, measurement of IL-12 protein amount in the culture supernatant, and preparation of lactic acid bacteria added to each spleen cell were performed as follows.
- mice 10-week-old TLR2-, TLR4-, TLR7-, Myd88-deficient mice and wild type mice of the C57BL / 6 strain were used.
- the wild type mouse used the mouse purchased from Japan SLC Co., Ltd.
- TLR2-, TLR4-, TLR7-, and Myd88-deficient mice are based on those obtained from Oriental Bioservice Co., Ltd., and mice that are bred in SPF animal facilities (in the absence of specific pathogenic microorganisms) are used. It was. All of these mice were fed with rodent food (product name: Labo MR Stock, manufactured by Nippon Agricultural Industry Co., Ltd.) and water constantly. In addition, experiments using these mice were performed according to the guidelines for research using experimental animals of the Kyoto Prefectural University Animal Experiment Committee.
- mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 30 ⁇ l of pentobarbital sodium (manufactured by Schering-Plough Co., Ltd.), followed by exsanguination. After incising the abdomen of the mouse, the spleen was removed and immersed in an ice-cooled Hank's balanced salt solution. Then, spleen cells were isolated from the extracted spleen using a 70 ⁇ m cell strainer (manufactured by BD Falcon).
- ACK lysis solution (0.15M NH 4 Cl, 10 mM KHCO 3 , and 0.1 mM Na 2 EDTA, pH 7.4) was added to the isolated spleen cells to lyse erythrocytes.
- the spleen cells thus treated were washed twice with sterilized phosphate buffered saline, and cultured for cell culture (10% fetal calf serum (Equitech-Bio), 100 U / ml penicillin, and 100 ⁇ g / ml). Suspended in streptomycin-added RPMI 1640).
- spleen cells isolated from three mice having the same genetic background were pooled and used. As a control, spleen cells were similarly prepared from wild type mice in addition to the knockout mice.
- ⁇ Culture of spleen cells The number of viable cells was measured by trypan blue dye exclusion method, and spleen cells prepared as described above were seeded at 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells (100 ⁇ l of cell culture medium) in each well of a 96-well culture plate (Orange Scientific). did. Then, 20 ⁇ g (wet weight) of live bacteria or heat-sterilized bacteria suspended in 100 ⁇ l of cell culture medium is added to each hole, and spleen cells and lactic acid bacteria are added in a humidified 5% CO 2 incubator for 20 hours. And co-cultured. In addition, the co-culture of lactic acid bacteria and spleen cells was performed in three holes.
- ⁇ Quantification of IL-12p70> After the culture, the culture supernatant is collected, and the concentration of IL-12 protein in the culture supernatant is determined using a DuoSet® ELISA Development System (manufactured by R & D Systems) for mouse IL-12p70 according to the instruction manual. It was measured.
- Lactobacillus 5 strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus strain JCM1132, Lactobacillus casei strain JCM1134, Lactobacillus gasseri strain JCM5344, Lactobacillus plantarum strain JCM1149 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain ATCC53103), and Enterococcus 5 strains (Enterococcus faecium strain JCM8714, Enterococcus faecium strain JCM8727, Enterococcus faecalis strain ATCC14508 , Enterococcus fae alis strain ATCC 19433 and Enterococcus faecalis strain ATCC 23655 are from ATCC (American Culture Culture Collection), American Type Culture Collection, JCM (Independent Administrative Institution RIKEN Bioresource Center Micromaterials Department, the Jol Obtained.
- FIG. 8 The analysis results for Myd88, TLR2, and TLR4 knockout mice performed as described above are shown in FIG. Moreover, the analysis result about a TLR7 knockout mouse is shown in FIG.
- the bar graph described as “Viable” indicates the result of co-culture of spleen cells derived from each knockout mouse and viable bacteria
- the bar graph described as “Heat-killed” indicates the bacteria subjected to heat sterilization treatment.
- the result of co-culture with is shown.
- the black bar graph shows the result for the wild type mouse
- the white bar graph shows the result for the MyD88-knockout mouse
- the hatched bar graph shows the result for the TLR2 knockout mouse
- the dot bar graph shows the result for the TLR4 knockout mouse.
- the results are shown respectively (there are significant differences between the same signs (a to g): p ⁇ 0.05).
- spleen cells other than Myd88 knockout mice produced IL-12p70 in the same amount as wild type mice, but IL-12p70 was produced from spleen cells derived from Myd88 knockout mice. Production was hardly observed. Moreover, this tendency was confirmed in both cases when co-cultured with live bacteria and when co-cultured with heat-sterilized bacteria.
- Example 2 Examination of IL-12 production inducing ability by RNA content
- Example 3 Examination of IL-12 production inducing ability by RNA content
- the possibility that IL-12 production was caused by the RNA content of the strain was examined. That is, the amount of total RNA extracted by treating in the same manner as in Test Example 4 from 150 mg of each bacterial cell shown in Table 4 was measured with an absorptiometer (product name: NanoDrop, manufactured by LMS Co., Ltd.). Calculation was made based on the measured absorbance at a wavelength of 260 nm.
- Each total RNA obtained was introduced into cells by the lipofection method in the same manner as in Example 1, and the protein amount of IL-12p70 was measured in the same manner as in Test Example 6. The obtained result is shown in FIG.
- Example 3 Examination of the ability of EC-12-derived RNA to induce the production of cytokines and chemokines other than IL-12
- RNA derived from EC-12 were introduced into J774.1 cells by the lipofection method and cultured.
- RNA may be extracted from the cultured cells in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and the expression level may vary depending on the presence or absence of RNA derived from EC-12 using a cytokine-chemokine array by real-time PCR. 15 genes excluding IL-12 were selected. Specifically, it was performed as follows.
- the reaction using these primers was performed using a Taqman probe selected from the Light Cycler (R) 480 Probe Master (Roche Applied Science) and the Universal Probe Library (Roche Applied Science). Specifically, 5 ⁇ l of Probe Master, 0.2 ⁇ l of forward and reverse primer solutions (10 pM), 0.1 ⁇ l of Universal Probe (10 pM) solution, 2.5 ⁇ l of sterile distilled water and 2 ⁇ l of template cDNA were added as reaction systems. A total of 10 ⁇ l was prepared. Then, after initial denaturation at 95 ° C. for 5 minutes, an amplification curve was obtained by applying a temperature cycle of 95 ° C. for 10 seconds and 60 ° C. for 20 seconds to the reaction system 50 times.
- each cDNA solution was diluted with sterile distilled water so that the GAPDH gene expression levels would be equal.
- the cDNA solutions prepared in this way were pooled by a certain amount for each group, and the expression levels of genes such as cytokines were comprehensively analyzed. That is, using the primer sets shown in Tables 5 to 9, the real-time PCR method was performed in the same manner as the measurement of the expression level of the housekeeping gene, and the expression level of genes such as cytokines in each sample was measured.
- RNA derived from lactic acid bacteria into cells, production of IL-12, CCL2, CCL5, CCL7, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-1 ⁇ is promoted, and production of TNF- ⁇ is suppressed. It became clear.
- RNA derived from lactic acid bacteria as an active ingredient, signaling and the like dependent on TLR7 and Myd88 in the living body are activated, and production of IL-12 and the like is promoted. Or the production of TNF- ⁇ can be suppressed.
- the immune function of the living body is activated to suppress a decrease in the immune function, and the immune function is not adversely affected. Can do.
- lactic acid bacteria have been included in fermented foods such as fermented milk for a long time and have a long dietary experience.
- the composition of the present invention is superior in that it activates the immune function and safely suppresses the decrease in immune function, so that the intestinal adjustment, reduction of cancer risk, prevention of atopic dermatitis, allergy reduction, It is useful as a composition for oral intake for the purpose of infection prevention.
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Abstract
Description
(1)乳酸菌由来のRNAを有効成分とする、免疫調整作用を有する組成物。
(2)乳酸菌由来のRNAを有効成分とする、サイトカイン産生を調整する作用を有する組成物。
(3)IL-12、CCL2、CCL5、CCL7、CXCL10、IL-6、および、IL-1αからなる群から選択される少なくとも一のサイトカインの産生を促進する作用を有する(2)に記載の組成物。
(4)前記IL-12がIL-12p40である、(3)に記載の組成物。
(5)TNF-αの産生を抑制する作用を有する(2)に記載の組成物。
(6)TLR7およびMyd88からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の生体分子に依存的な免疫調整作用またはサイトカイン産生を調整する作用を有する(1)~(5)のうちのいずれかに記載の組成物。
(7)前記RNAが一本鎖RNAである、(1)~(6)のうちのいずれかに記載の組成物。
(8)前記乳酸菌が、エンテロコッカス属(Enterococcus)、ラクトバシルス属(Lactobacillus)、ラクトコッカス属(Lactococcus)、ストレプトコッカス属(Streptococcus)、ペディオコッカス属(Pediococcus)、ロイコノストック属(Leuconostoc)、および、ビフィドバクテリウム属(Bifidobacterium)に属する乳酸菌からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の乳酸菌である、(1)~(7)のうちのいずれに記載の組成物。
(9)前記乳酸菌が乳酸球菌である、(1)~(8)のうちのいずれかに記載の組成物。
(10)前記乳酸菌が、エンテロコッカス・フェカリス(Enterococcus faecalis)である、(1)~(9)のうちのいずれかに記載の組成物。
(11)経口摂取用組成物である、(1)~(10)のうちのいずれかに記載の組成物。
<マウス由来マクロファージ様細胞J774.1株の維持>
マウス由来マクロファージ様細胞株であるJ774.1細胞株の維持は、5%CO2、37℃の条件下の5%量のウシ胎児血清(fetal calf serum:FCS)、100U/mL ペニシリン、100μg/mL ストレプトマイシンを含むRPMI1640培地(L-グルタミン含有:ナカライテスク株式会社製)中で行った。細胞が80%コンフルエントに達した時点で、2.5g/L トリプシン‐1mM EDTA(ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)溶液(ナカライテスク株式会社製)で5分間処理後、セルスクレーパー(IWAKI社製)で細胞を剥離し、継代を行った。
乳酸菌として、殺菌乳酸菌体EC-12(コンビ株式会社製)を、5%FCS RPMI1640培地に10mg/mLとなるように添加し、確実に分散するようULTRASONIC DISRUPTOR(Tomy社製)で出力3、破砕30秒、休止30秒のインターバルを5反復、計2分30秒間氷上で超音波処理した。超音波処理後、5%FCS RPMI1640培地で菌体懸濁液を3段階に連続希釈し(10倍、10倍、5倍)、20μg/mLに調製後、培養に供した。
前記の通りに調製し、80%コンフルエントに達したJ774.1細胞を、0.1M PBS(Phosphate buffered saline)で洗浄した後、2.5g/L トリプシン‐1mM EDTA溶液で5分間処理した。処理後、セルスクレーパーで培養器から細胞を剥がして得られた細胞懸濁液を1,000rpm(170g)、室温で5分間遠心した。集積して得られた細胞を5%FCS RPMI1640培地に再懸濁し、血球計算盤を用いて細胞数を測定して、細胞数を5×105cell/mLに調製した。調製した細胞懸濁液を細胞培養用96ウェルプレート(SUMILON:住友ベークライト株式会社製)に100μL/ウェル(5×104cell)ずつ播種し、細胞が接着するまで5%CO2、37℃の条件下で4時間前培養した。
細胞からの全RNA抽出には、QuickGene RNA cultured cell HC kit S(富士フイルム株式会社製)を用いた。キット添付のLRP溶液(1mLあたり10μLの2-メルカプトエタノール添加済み)を100μL/well添加し、5mmジルコニアビーズ入りのスクリューキャップチューブに移し、FastPrep FP120(フナコシ株式会社製)を用いて、速度4.0、40秒間で細胞破砕を行った。抽出キット添付のSRP溶液を15μL加え、15秒間ボルテックスした後、99.5%エタノールを50μL加え、1分間ボルテックスした。その後の処理は、QuickGene-Mini80を用い、キット添付のプロトコルに準拠した。DNase処理には、RNase free DNase I(Takara社製)を使用し、キット添付のプロトコール通り、オンカラム法にて行った。
抽出したRNAを鋳型として、PrimeScript(TM) RT reagent Kit for Perfect Real Time(Takara社製)を用いて逆転写反応を行い、cDNAを合成した。すなわち、全RNA150ngを鋳型として用い、逆転写プライマーとしてキット添付のOligo dT Primer及びRandom 6 mersを使用し、滅菌水(RNase free)で全量を10μLにし、キット添付の説明書に準拠し、逆転写反応を行い、cDNAを合成した。
合成して得られたcDNAを鋳型として、リアルタイムPCRを用いてIL-12p40遺伝子の発現量を測定した。リアルタイムPCRには、LightCycler(R)480 Real-Time PCR System(Roche Applied Science製)を用いた。反応液の組成は、鋳型cDNA2μL、LightCycler(R)480 Probes Master(Roche Applied Science製)5μL、100nM Universal Probe Library Probe(Roche Applied Science製)、200nMの各プライマーで全量10μLとした。反応は、95℃:5分間の初期変性後、95℃:10秒間、60℃:10秒間、72℃:10秒間のサイクルを50サイクルかけて行った。また、内部補正因子としてグリセルアルデヒド-3-リン酸脱水素酵素(GAPDH)遺伝子を用いた。プライマーはプローブファインダーソフトウェア(Roche Applied Science製)でデザインした。各プライマーの塩基配列及びUniversal Probe Library Probeナンバーを表1に示す。また、リアルタイムPCRの結果の解析にはLightCycler(R)480 ソフトウェア(Roche Applied Science製)を用い、2nd Derivative Maximum法でThreshold Cycle(Ct)値を算出後、ΔΔCt法による相対定量解析を行った。
20時間培養後の細胞培養上清中のIL-12タンパク質の濃度はMouse Interleukin-12 ELISA Kit(BioSource:Invitrogen社製)を用いて測定した。測定手順はキットのプロトコルに準拠した。
<添加用EC-12の調製>に記載した通りに、5%FCS RPMI1640培地に分散させたEC-12(10mg/mL)を、20units/mLのRNase free DNase I(Takara社製)、又は0.1mg/mLのRNase A(Invitrogen社製)で37℃、30分間処理した。処理後、各ヌクレアーゼ処理後のEC-12を前述の通りに3段階に希釈して、試験例1と同様にしてJ774.1細胞との培養を行った。
TLR7及びTLR9のアンタゴニストとして、ホスホロチオエート化(S化)した合成オリゴヌクレオチド(ODN)を用いた(Barrat,F.J. et al. J.Exp.Med.2005,202(8):1131-9 参照)。すなわち、TLR7のアンタゴニストとしてIRS661、TLR9のアンタゴニストとしてIRS869を使用した。また、TLR7のアゴニストとしてCL097(InvivoGen社製)、TLR9のアゴニストとしてホスホロチオエート化した合成ODNであるISS1018を用いた。各合成ODNの配列は表2に示す。
<EC-12からのRNA抽出>
EC-12からのRNA抽出は、QuickGene RNA tissue kit S II(富士フイルム株式会社製)を用いて行った。すなわち、EC-12 150mgにキット添付のLRT溶液(1mLあたり10μLの2-メルカプトエタノール添加済み)を500μL添加し、0.1mmグラスビーズ入りのスクリューキャップチューブに移し、FastPrep FP120(フナコシ株式会社製)を用いて、速度6.5、90秒間ホモジナイズした。その後の操作は、キットの抽出プロトコルに準拠して行った。また、DNase処理には、RNase free DNase I(Takara社製)を使用し、上記kit S II添付のプロトコル通りオンカラム法にて行った。
EC-12からのDNA抽出は、QuickGene DNA tissue kit S(富士フイルム株式会社製)を用い、QuickGeneのアプリケーションガイドNo.38に準拠して行った。すなわち、EC-12 150mgにキット添付のMDT溶液を250μL添加し、0.1mmグラスビーズ入りのスクリューキャップチューブに移し、FastPrep FP120(フナコシ株式会社製)を用いて、速度6.5、90秒間ホモジナイズした。その後、キット添付のEDT溶液を25μL加え、55℃で60分間のインキュベートを行った。インキュベート後、13,000rpm(12,000g)、室温で10分間遠心し、上清200μLを新しいマイクロチューブに分取し、RNase A(20mg/mL:Invitrogen社製)を60μL加え、室温で2分間インキュベートした。さらに、キット添付のLDT溶液を180μL加え、15秒間ボルテックスした後、70℃で10分間インキュベートし、99.5%エタノールを240μL加え、15秒間ボルテックスした。その後の処理は、QuickGene-Mini80を用い、キット添付のプロトコルに準拠して行った。
J774.1細胞は、遊離のRNAの取り込みが無いものと判断したので、RNAを細胞内に導入するため、リポフェクションを行った。リポフェクションにはFuGENE HD Transfection Reagent(Roche Applied Science製)を用いた。試験例4と同様にしてEC-12から抽出、調製した全RNAを無血清培地(Opti-MEM)で20μg/μLに調製後、FuGENE HD Transfection Reagentを6μL添加し、10分間反応させ、FuGENE/RNA複合体を形成させた。この複合体を細胞数0.5×105cellあたり5μL滴下し、20時間培養した。また、EC-12由来の全RNA(50μg/μL)を0.1mg/mLのRNase A(Invitrogen社製)で処理したものも同様の方法でリポフェクションを行った。さらに、TLR7シグナリングを阻害したJ774.1細胞を試験例3と同様にして調製し、調製して得られた細胞にも同様の方法でリポフェクションを行った。
各菌体(Enterococcus faecalis EC-12株、Enterococcus faecalis(株違い)、Enterococcus faecium、Lactococcus cremoris、Lactococcus lactis、Streptococcus thermophilus、Lactobacillus casei、Lactobacillus gasseri、Lactobacillus plantarum、Lactobacillus rhamnosus、Lactobacillus salivarius、Bifidobacterium adolescentis、Bifidobacterium bifidum、Bifidobacterium breve、Bifidobacterium infantis、Bifidobacterium longum)にRNase処理(0.1mg/mlのRNase(Invitrogen社製)で37℃、30分)、又はDNase処理(20units/mlのRNase free DNaseI(TaKaRa社製)で37℃,30分)したものを調製し、実験に供した。
前述の、乳酸菌由来のRNAによるIL-12産生誘導機構を特定するために、Myd88、TLR2、TLR4ノックアウトマウスの脾臓細胞を単離し、表3に示した乳酸菌株(EC-12、Lactobacillus 5株及びEnterococcus 5株)を用いて、評価を行なった。また、TLR7ノックアウトマウスの脾臓細胞を単離し、EC-12を用いて、評価を行なった。
本試験例においては、C57BL/6系統の10週齢の、TLR2-、TLR4-、TLR7-、Myd88-欠損マウス、及び、野生型マウスを用いた。なお、野生型マウスは日本SLC株式会社から購入したマウスを用いた。また、TLR2-、TLR4-、TLR7-、Myd88-欠損マウスは株式会社オリエンタルバイオサービスから得たものを基に、SPF動物施設内(特定の病原微生物の非存在下)で繁殖させたマウスを用いた。そして、これら全てのマウスには、げっ歯類用食(製品名:ラボMRストック、日本農産工業株式会社製)及び水を不断に与えて飼育した。また、これらマウスを用いた実験は、京都府立大学動物実験委員会の実験動物を用いた研究についてのガイドラインに従って行った。
ペントバルビタールナトリウム(シェリング・プラウ株式会社製)30μlを腹腔内に注射することにより、マウスを麻酔し、続いて放血させた。かかるマウスの腹部を切開した後、脾臓を摘出し、氷冷したハンク平衡塩溶液に浸けた。そして、摘出した脾臓から、脾臓細胞を70μmセルストレーナー(BDファルコン社製)を用いて単離した。さらに、単離した脾臓細胞にACK溶解溶液(0.15M NH4Cl、10mM KHCO3、及び0.1mM Na2EDTA、pH7.4)を加え、赤血球を溶解させた。このように処理した脾臓細胞を、滅菌済みリン酸緩衝生理食塩水で2回洗浄し、細胞培養用培地(10%ウシ胎仔血清(Equitech-Bio社製)、100U/mlペニシリン、及び100μg/mlストレプトマイシン添加RPMI1640)に懸濁した。なお、解析には、遺伝的背景が同一のマウス3匹から単離した脾臓細胞を溜めて用いた。また、コントロールとして、前記ノックアウトマウス以外に野生型マウスからも脾臓細胞を同様に調製した。
生細胞数をトリパンブルー色素排除法によって測定し、前記の通り調製した脾臓細胞を、96穴培養プレート(Orange Scientific社製)の各穴に1×106個(細胞培養用培地100μl)ずつ播種した。そして、100μlの細胞培養用培地に懸濁した20μg(湿重量)の生菌又は加熱殺菌処理した菌を各穴に添加し、脾臓細胞と乳酸菌とを20時間、加湿5%CO2培養器内にて共培養した。なお、乳酸菌と脾臓細胞との共培養は3連穴で行った。
前記培養後、培養上清を回収し、培養上清中のIL-12タンパク質の濃度は、マウスIL-12p70用DuoSet(R) ELISA Development System(R&D Systems社製)を用いて、使用説明書に従って測定した。
ラクトバシルス5株(Lactobacillus acidophilus strain JCM1132, Lactobacillus casei strain JCM1134, Lactobacillus gasseri strain JCM5344, Lactobacillus plantarum strain JCM1149 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain ATCC53103)、及び、エンテロコッカス5株(Enterococcus faecium strain JCM8714, Enterococcus faecium strain JCM8727, Enterococcus faecalis strain ATCC14508, Enterococcus faecalis strain ATCC19433 and Enterococcus faecalis strain ATCC23655)は、ATCC(アメリカ培養細胞系統保存機関、American Type Culture Collection)、又はJCM(独立行政法人理化学研究所バイオリソースセンター微生物材料開発室、the Japan Collection of Microorganisms)から各々得た。また、E.faecalis strain EC-12は、コンビ株式会社が保有しているものを用いた。そして、これらの乳酸菌は、lactobacilli MRS broth(Difco社製)を用いて、37℃で20時間培養した後、滅菌水で洗浄し、次いで9000gで10分間遠心をかけることにより、菌体を回収し、これを生菌として用いた。また、この菌体をサーモアルミバス(Iwaki社製)内にて、95℃で30分間処理することにより、加熱殺菌処理した菌として調製した。
次に、IL-12産生が菌株のRNA含有量に起因している可能性を検証した。すなわち、表4に示した各菌体150mgから試験例4と同様にして処理して抽出した全RNAの量を、吸光度計(製品名:NanoDrop、株式会社エル・エム・エス社製)にて測定した波長260nmにおける吸光度の値を基に算出した。また得られた各全RNAを実施例1と同様にしてリポフェクション法により細胞に導入し、試験例6と同様にしてIL-12p70のタンパク質量を測定した。得られた結果を図10に示す。
次に、EC-12由来のRNAが、IL-12以外のサイトカイン・ケモカインの発現に与える影響を検討した。すなわち、先ず、実施例1と同様にして調製した、EC-12由来の全RNA及びそのRNase処理物をJ774.1細胞にリポフェクション法にて導入して培養した。次に、培養後の細胞から、試験例1と同様にしてRNAを抽出し、リアルタイムPCRによるサイトカイン・ケモカインアレイを用いて、EC-12由来のRNAの有無によって発現量が変化する可能性のある、IL-12を除く15遺伝子を選抜した。具体的には、以下の通りに行った。
先ず、Light Cycler(R)480を用いたリアルタイムPCR法により各試料に含まれるハウスキーピング遺伝子(グリセルアルデヒド3-リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ:GAPDH)の発現量を測定した。また、Gapdhに加え、Hipoxantine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase(Hprt)とβ-actinも合わせて測定し、ハウスキーピング遺伝子として必要に応じた補正のために用いた。プライマーの設計と使用するプローブの選出を、ロシュ・アプライド・サイエンス社のウェブサイト(https://www.roche-applied-science.com)上にて行った。そして、これらのプライマーを用いた反応は、Light Cycler(R)480 Probe Master(Roche Applied Science)とUniversal Probe Library(ロシュ・アプライド・サイエンス社製)から選抜したTaqmanプローブを用いて行った。具体的には、反応系として、Probe Master 5μl、フォワードとリバースプライマー溶液(10pM)をそれぞれ0.2μl、Universal Probe(10pM)溶液 0.1μl、滅菌蒸留水2.5μlと鋳型cDNA 2μlを加えた合計10μlを用意した。そして、95℃で5分間の初期変性後に、95℃で10秒間、60℃で20秒間の温度サイクルをその反応系に50回かけて増幅曲線を得た。増幅終了後は40℃で30秒間冷却した。Light Cycler480(R) ソフトウェア(ロシュ・アプライド・サイエンス社製)によって得られたCt値をもとに、GAPDHの遺伝子発現量が等しくなるようそれぞれのcDNA溶液を滅菌蒸留水で希釈した。
Claims (11)
- 乳酸菌由来のRNAを有効成分とする、免疫調整作用を有する組成物。
- 乳酸菌由来のRNAを有効成分とする、サイトカイン産生を調整する作用を有する組成物。
- IL-12、CCL2、CCL5、CCL7、CXCL10、IL-6、および、IL-1αからなる群から選択される少なくとも一のサイトカインの産生を促進する作用を有する請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記IL-12がIL-12p40である、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- TNF-αの産生を抑制する作用を有する請求項2に記載の組成物。
- TLR7およびMyd88からなる群から選択される少なくとも一の生体分子に依存的な免疫調整作用またはサイトカイン産生を調整する作用を有する請求項1~5のうちのいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記RNAが一本鎖RNAである、請求項1~6のうちのいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記乳酸菌が、エンテロコッカス属(Enterococcus)、ラクトバシルス属(Lactobacillus)、ラクトコッカス属(Lactococcus)、ストレプトコッカス属(Streptococcus)、ペディオコッカス属(Pediococcus)、ロイコノストック属(Leuconostoc)、および、ビフィドバクテリウム属(Bifidobacterium)に属する乳酸菌からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の乳酸菌である、請求項1~7のうちのいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記乳酸菌が乳酸球菌である、請求項1~8のうちのいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記乳酸菌が、エンテロコッカス・フェカリス(Enterococcus faecalis)である、請求項1~9のうちのいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 経口摂取用組成物である、請求項1~10のうちのいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
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WO2013069611A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-07 | 2013-05-16 | 京都府公立大学法人 | 免疫調節作用を有するrna |
JP2014217291A (ja) * | 2013-05-02 | 2014-11-20 | コンビ株式会社 | 免疫調節作用を有するrna |
WO2015004949A1 (ja) | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-15 | 森永乳業株式会社 | 新規乳酸菌、並びに新規乳酸菌を含有する医薬、飲食品、及び飼料 |
WO2020226460A1 (ko) * | 2019-05-08 | 2020-11-12 | 김연란 | 미생물 유래 핵산 및 이의 용도 |
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WO2013069611A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-07 | 2013-05-16 | 京都府公立大学法人 | 免疫調節作用を有するrna |
JPWO2013069611A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-07 | 2015-04-02 | 京都府公立大学法人 | 免疫調節作用を有するrna |
JP2014217291A (ja) * | 2013-05-02 | 2014-11-20 | コンビ株式会社 | 免疫調節作用を有するrna |
WO2015004949A1 (ja) | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-15 | 森永乳業株式会社 | 新規乳酸菌、並びに新規乳酸菌を含有する医薬、飲食品、及び飼料 |
US10064903B2 (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2018-09-04 | Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd. | Lactic acid bacterium, drug, food or drink, and feed which contain the lactic acid bacterium |
US10653730B2 (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2020-05-19 | Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd. | Lactic acid bacterium, drug, food or drink, and feed which contain the lactic acid bacterium |
US11241463B2 (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2022-02-08 | Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd. | Lactic acid bacterium, drug, food or drink, and feed which contain the lactic acid bacterium |
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WO2023135950A1 (ja) * | 2022-01-11 | 2023-07-20 | 一丸ファルコス株式会社 | プロテオグリカンを含む免疫応答調節剤 |
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JPWO2011027829A1 (ja) | 2013-02-04 |
US20120220760A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
JP5690270B2 (ja) | 2015-03-25 |
US8765706B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 |
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