WO2022196762A1 - 層状複合金属酸化物結晶材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
層状複合金属酸化物結晶材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022196762A1 WO2022196762A1 PCT/JP2022/012276 JP2022012276W WO2022196762A1 WO 2022196762 A1 WO2022196762 A1 WO 2022196762A1 JP 2022012276 W JP2022012276 W JP 2022012276W WO 2022196762 A1 WO2022196762 A1 WO 2022196762A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- monovalent anion
- metal oxide
- lithium
- composite metal
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 anion salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910016049 LixMOy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 35
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 20
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethoxycarbonylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=O)OCC PQVSTLUFSYVLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide monohydrate Substances [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229940040692 lithium hydroxide monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
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- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019043 CoSn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910004499 Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012820 LiCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910004213 SiNiAg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008853 Zanthoxylum piperitum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000131415 Zanthoxylum piperitum Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SAXCKUIOAKKRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Co] SAXCKUIOAKKRAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FKBSHNBSEUWDAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sodium dihydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+] FKBSHNBSEUWDAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a layered composite metal oxide crystal material that can be used as a positive electrode material for lithium ion secondary batteries under milder conditions.
- Lithium-ion secondary batteries use materials with a host structure that can insert or extract lithium ions as active materials for the positive and negative electrodes, and charge and discharge are performed by exchanging lithium ions between these electrodes. It is a secondary battery.
- As a positive electrode material for lithium-ion secondary batteries lithium cobalt oxide ( LiCoO 2 ) layered crystals are used.
- a layered crystal of lithium cobalt oxide has a crystal structure in which CoO 2 layers and lithium ions are alternately stacked, and lithium ions are desorbed from or transferred between the CoO 2 layers .
- Layered crystals of lithium cobaltate are generally produced by a solid-phase method that includes a high-temperature firing process of 700-900°C, and firing at a relatively low temperature of 300-600°C produces low-activity spinel crystals. It is known to do (Non-Patent Document 1). However, since a large amount of energy is required for large-scale synthesis involving a high-temperature firing process, a method for producing lithium cobalt oxide crystals by a flux method has been proposed as a more energy-saving production method (Non-Patent Document 2). However, this method also requires firing at 500°C.
- Patent Document 1 a monolayer layered alkali metal oxide material is produced at a relatively low temperature of about 50 to 150° C. by a hydrothermal synthesis method using a transition metal oxyhydroxide or the like as a raw material. A method is disclosed. However, in such a method, the reaction must be carried out under high pressure for a long period of time, such as about 6.5 atmospheres for about 5 days, or about 30 to 35 atmospheres for about 2 days, and a sealed container with high pressure resistance is required. , not suitable for mass synthesis.
- a layered composite metal oxide crystal material useful as a positive electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery or the like is produced through a high-temperature sintering process or a high-pressure, long-time hydrothermal synthesis.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a layered composite metal oxide crystal material that can be used as a positive electrode material for lithium ion secondary batteries under milder conditions, and a positive electrode and lithium ion secondary battery production using the method. The purpose is to provide a method.
- the present inventors have made intensive studies to solve the above problems. As a result, the inventors have found that a layered composite metal oxide crystal material containing lithium and a transition metal can be produced at a relatively low temperature and normal pressure by using a specific raw material compound, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention is shown below.
- a method for producing a layered composite metal oxide crystal material comprising:
- the layered composite metal oxide crystal material is composed of a composite metal oxide represented by the following formula, Li x MO y
- M represents one or more transition metals, and part of M may be substituted with Al and/or Mg
- x represents a number of 1 or more and 2 or less
- y represents a number of 2 or more and 3 or less
- the value of x+n (n represents the average valence of the transition metal M) is 2 ⁇ y.
- a method comprising: [2] The above using a hydrate as one or more salts selected from the group consisting of the lithium monovalent anion salt, the sodium and/or potassium monovalent anion salt, and the transition metal monovalent anion salt.
- the method according to [1]. [3] The method according to [1] above, wherein the mixture contains water.
- [5] The method according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the firing is performed at normal pressure.
- a method for manufacturing a positive electrode comprising: a step of producing a layered composite metal oxide crystal material by the method according to any one of [1] to [6]; mixing the layered composite metal oxide crystal material with at least a solvent and a binder to produce a positive electrode slurry; A step of applying the positive electrode slurry to a positive electrode current collector; and A method, comprising drying the positive electrode slurry applied to the positive electrode current collector.
- a method for manufacturing a lithium ion secondary battery comprising: A step of producing a positive electrode on a positive electrode current collector by the method described in [7] above; a step of manufacturing a negative electrode on the negative electrode current collector; a step of winding the positive electrode current collector having a positive electrode and the negative electrode current collector having a negative electrode with a separator interposed therebetween to obtain a wound body; A method, comprising: placing the wound body in a battery container, and injecting an electrolytic solution into the battery container.
- the present invention is industrially very useful as it enables low-cost mass synthesis of layered composite metal oxide crystal materials useful as positive electrode materials for lithium ion secondary batteries.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of X-ray diffraction analysis of LiCoO 2 powders of Examples of the present invention and Comparative Examples.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the results of a charge/discharge test of half-cells having electrodes made from LiCoO 2 powder according to examples of the present invention and comparative examples.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of X-ray diffraction analysis of the LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 powder of the example of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of X-ray diffraction analysis of the LiCoO 2 powder of the example of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of X-ray diffraction analysis of LiCoO 2 powders of Examples of the present invention and Comparative Examples.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the results of a charge/discharge test of half-cells having electrodes made from LiCoO 2 powder according to examples of the present invention and comparative examples.
- FIG. 3 is
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of a charge/discharge test of a half-cell having electrodes made from the LiCoO 2 powder of the example of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the results of X-ray diffraction analysis of the LiCoO 2 powder of the example of the present invention.
- a method for producing a layered composite metal oxide crystal material according to the present invention comprises a monovalent anion salt of lithium, a monovalent anion salt of sodium and/or potassium, and a monovalent anion salt of a transition metal in the presence of water molecules and oxygen. including the step of firing the mixture containing at 150° C. or higher and 400° C. or lower.
- the layered composite metal oxide crystal material according to the present invention is a composite oxide of lithium and a transition metal, and the monovalent anion salt of lithium is an important raw material containing lithium that constitutes the target compound.
- the counter anions that make up the monovalent salts of lithium, monovalent salts of sodium and/or potassium, and monovalent salts of transition metals are monovalent anions and lithium ions, sodium ions and/or potassium ions.
- transition metal ions are not particularly limited as long as they can form salts with, for example, hydroxide ions (OH - ), nitrate ions (NO 3 - ), halide ions, cyanide ions (CN - ), Acetate ions (CH 3 CO 2 ⁇ ) and bicarbonate ions (HCO 3 ⁇ ) are included.
- Halide ions include fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide ions, with chloride, bromide, and iodide ions being preferred.
- As the anions hydroxide ions, nitrate ions, and halide ions are preferable, hydroxide ions and nitrate ions are more preferable, and hydroxide ions are even more preferable.
- the anion of the salt includes the same anions as the above anions.
- Sodium and/or potassium monovalent anion salts have the effect of lowering the overall melting point when mixed with the lithium monovalent anion salt, and by forming a molten salt with the lithium monovalent anion salt, may promote reactions with monovalent anion salts of lithium and/or monovalent anion salts of transition metals in .
- the amount of sodium and/or potassium monovalent anion salt to be used may be appropriately adjusted within the range in which the reaction according to the present invention proceeds. More than or equal to 5 times the molar amount or less can be used. If the ratio is 0.1 mol or more, the reaction promoting action of the sodium and/or potassium monovalent anion salt can be exhibited more reliably. On the other hand, when the ratio is 5 mol or less, it is possible to suppress the monovalent anion salt of sodium and/or potassium from remaining in the layered composite metal oxide crystal material, which is the target compound.
- the above ratio is preferably 0.2 mol or more, more preferably 0.25 mol or more, still more preferably 0.3 mol or more, preferably 2.5 mol or less, and 1 mol or less. is more preferable, and 0.5-fold mol or less is even more preferable.
- the monovalent anion salt of sodium or the monovalent anion salt of potassium may be used alone, or both may be used in combination.
- the layered composite metal oxide crystal material according to the present invention is a composite oxide of lithium and a transition metal, and the monovalent anion salt of the transition metal is an important raw material containing the transition metal that constitutes the target compound.
- the transition metal is not particularly limited, but for example, one or more first transition metals selected from scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc can be used, manganese , cobalt and nickel are preferred, preferably at least cobalt and/or nickel are used. Additionally, monovalent anion salts of magnesium and/or aluminum may be used in combination.
- transition metal Only one transition metal may be used, or two or more transition metals may be used in combination.
- the upper limit of the number of transition metals is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 5 or less. The number is preferably 4 or less, more preferably 1, 2 or 3.
- part of the transition metal may be substituted with Al and/or Mg, particularly Al.
- the ratio of Al and Mg to the total 100 mol% of the transition metal, Al and Mg should be 1 mol% or more and 10 mol% or less. can be done.
- the ratio is preferably 2 mol % or more, more preferably 3 mol % or more, preferably 8 mol % or less, and more preferably 6 mol % or less.
- the proportion can be adjusted to, for example, 3.5 ⁇ 0.5 mol % or 5.0 ⁇ 0.5 mol %.
- the amount of the transition metal monovalent anion salt to be used may be appropriately adjusted within the range in which the reaction according to the present invention proceeds. A double mol or less can be used. If the ratio is 0.1 mol or more, a sufficient amount of the layered composite metal oxide crystal material can be obtained more reliably without problems. On the other hand, if the ratio is 1 mol or less, it is theoretically possible to synthesize a layered composite metal oxide crystal material.
- the above ratio is preferably 0.2-fold mol or more, more preferably 0.5-fold mol or more, and preferably 0.9-fold mol or less, more preferably 0.8-fold mol or less, and 0.7-fold mol. The following are even more preferred.
- the transition metal monovalent anion salt may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- Al and Mg Al and/or Mg monovalent anion salts to be used may be determined.
- a mixture containing a monovalent anion salt of lithium, a monovalent anion salt of sodium and/or potassium, and a monovalent anion salt of a transition metal is fired in the presence of water molecules.
- water molecules in the reaction according to the present invention is not necessarily clear, in the molten salt formed by baking sodium and / or potassium monovalent anion salts, it acts as a Bronsted acid that releases protons, and the transition metal By promoting dissolution in the molten salt and recrystallization, it is thought to play an important role in the progress of the reaction at relatively low temperatures and the growth of crystals of the product.
- hydrates may be used as one or more starting compounds selected from monovalent anion salts of lithium, monovalent anion salts of sodium and/or potassium, and monovalent anion salts of transition metals.
- a stable compound such as monohydrate or dihydrate may be used.
- water may be added to a mixture containing a monovalent anion salt of lithium, a monovalent anion salt of sodium and/or potassium, and a monovalent anion salt of a transition metal, and kneaded to form a slurry.
- a monovalent anion salt of lithium for example, the total number of moles of the monovalent anion salt of lithium, the monovalent anion salt of sodium and/or potassium, and the monovalent anion salt of the transition metal is 1 to 5 times the molar amount of water can be used.
- the ratio is preferably 4-fold mol or less, more preferably 2-fold mol or less.
- a hydrate is used, and water is added.
- the mixture may be slurried. In that case, it is preferable to adjust the total number of moles of the water molecules in the hydrate and the separately added water molecules within the above range.
- the slurry may be molded into a desired shape.
- the mixture is pressurized into a desired shape so that the contact area between the raw material compounds is increased and the solid phase reaction proceeds favorably. It can be molded.
- a slurry it is considered that the contact area between the raw material compounds is large and the solid-phase reaction progresses satisfactorily without molding.
- the mixture is fired in the presence of oxygen.
- the mixture may be calcined in air, or oxygen may be supplied to the mixture when oxygen is insufficient in calcination in air.
- the oxygen partial pressure in the sintering process in the present invention does not need to be high, and the mixture may be sintered under an oxygen partial pressure of about atmospheric pressure.
- a layered composite metal oxide crystal material can be favorably produced by firing at a relatively low temperature, specifically 150°C or higher and 400°C or lower.
- the temperature is preferably 350° C. or lower, more preferably 300° C. or lower, and even more preferably 280° C. or lower or 250° C. or lower from the viewpoint of production cost.
- the lower limit of the firing temperature is preferably 180° C. or higher, or 200° C. or higher, more preferably 220° C. or higher, from the viewpoint of formation of molten salt.
- the firing time may be appropriately adjusted within a range in which the firing proceeds sufficiently to obtain the desired layered composite metal oxide crystal material, and may be, for example, 10 minutes or more and 50 hours or less.
- the time is preferably 20 minutes or longer, more preferably 25 minutes or longer, preferably 40 hours or shorter, more preferably 30 hours or shorter, and even more preferably 20 hours or shorter or 15 hours or shorter.
- solvents used for washing include water; alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol; nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile, propionitrile and valeronitrile; ether solvents such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; and a mixed solvent of After washing, the product and solvent may be separated by filtration, centrifugation, or the like. Also, the slightly remaining solvent may be distilled off by heating or under reduced pressure.
- the layered composite metal oxide crystal material produced by the method of the present invention is composed of a composite metal oxide represented by the following formula.
- the upper limit of the number of transition metals is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 5 or less.
- the number is preferably 4 or less, more preferably 1, 2 or 3.
- the number of transition metals is preferably one or two.
- part of M may be substituted with Al and/or Mg, particularly with Al.
- the ratio of Al and Mg to the total 100 mol% of the transition metal, Al and Mg is 1 mol% or more and 10 mol% or less. can.
- the ratio is preferably 2 mol % or more, more preferably 3 mol % or more, preferably 8 mol % or less, and more preferably 6 mol % or less.
- the proportion can be adjusted to, for example, 3.5 ⁇ 0.5 mol % or 5.0 ⁇ 0.5 mol %.
- reaction mechanism according to the present invention is not necessarily clear, it is conceivable that M(OH) 2 or M(OH) 3 is first produced and then replaced by lithium ions. Therefore, it is preferable to use 1 mol or more of the monovalent anion salt of lithium with respect to 1 mol of the monovalent anion salt of the transition metal.
- the ratio is preferably 1.2 mol or more, more preferably 1.4 mol or more.
- a so-called lithium-excess material in which LiMO 2 is dissolved in Li 2 MO 3 is also conceivable.
- lithium ions are desorbed from the layered composite metal oxide crystal material of the positive electrode, C 6 Li is generated at the carbon negative electrode, and during discharging, the lithium ions generated from the negative electrode are inserted into the positive electrode. .
- the layered composite metal oxide crystal material produced by the method of the present invention can be used, for example, as a positive electrode active material for positive electrodes of lithium ion secondary batteries. Therefore, the positive electrode can be manufactured by mixing the layered composite metal oxide crystal material with at least a solvent and a binder to form a positive electrode slurry, coating the positive electrode slurry on a positive electrode current collector, and then drying.
- binders used in the positive electrode slurry include polyvinylidene fluoride, its copolymer, carboxymethyl cellulose, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, and mixtures thereof.
- the solvent used for the positive electrode slurry include water; nitrogen-containing organic solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone and methyl isobutyl ketone; ethyl acetate and butyl acetate.
- ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane; and mixed solvents thereof.
- the positive electrode slurry may contain general additive components.
- the additional component of the positive electrode slurry include a conductive material.
- conductive materials include carbon materials such as acetylene black, ketjen black, graphite, and carbon nanofibers.
- Examples of the positive electrode current collector to which the positive electrode slurry is applied generally include aluminum foil, etched aluminum foil, and aluminum foil coated with conductive paste.
- a lithium ion secondary battery can be manufactured using the positive electrode described above. Specifically, a negative electrode is produced on a negative electrode current collector, and a positive electrode current collector having a positive electrode and a negative electrode current collector having a negative electrode are wound up with a separator interposed therebetween to obtain a wound body.
- a lithium-ion secondary battery can be manufactured by putting it in a battery container and injecting an electrolytic solution into the battery container.
- the negative electrode slurry was prepared in the same manner as the positive electrode slurry except that the negative electrode active material was used instead of the layered composite metal oxide crystal material as the positive electrode active material, and the negative electrode slurry was applied to the negative electrode current collector. It can be produced by drying at Examples of negative electrode active materials include carbon materials such as graphite, and materials containing Si and/or Sn and exhibiting basicity, such as Si, SiCuAl, SiNiAg, and CoSn 2 . Moreover, a copper foil can be used as the negative electrode current collector.
- a microporous membrane made of polyolefin is generally used as a separator for lithium-ion secondary batteries.
- the wound body is manufactured by using a winding machine to laminate and wind the positive electrode and the negative electrode, which have been cut to a size that fits inside the battery container, with a separator interposed therebetween.
- the wound body is placed in a battery container, each electrode is welded to the cap of the battery container, etc., and when a separator is used, an electrolytic solution is injected into the battery container and the cap is welded to obtain lithium.
- An ion secondary battery is obtained.
- the obtained pellets were fired at 300° C. for 12 hours in a tubular furnace (“ARF-40KC” manufactured by Asahi Rika Seisakusho) under an oxygen flow of 100 mL/min.
- the fired pellets were pulverized, washed with dehydrated ethanol to remove LiOH and NaOH, and then dried at 25° C. for 15 minutes to obtain LiCoO 2 powder.
- Comparative example 1 A LiCoO 2 powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that sodium hydroxide was not used.
- Comparative example 2 LiCoO 2 powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that anhydrous lithium hydroxide was used instead of the raw material lithium hydroxide monohydrate.
- Test Example 1 X-Ray Diffraction
- the LiCoO 2 powders produced in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction method. The results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 As the results shown in FIG. 1, when sodium hydroxide is not used (Comparative Example 1), the crystallinity is remarkably low, and probably other than layered LiCoO 2 , Co 3 O 4 and spinel-type Li 2 Co 2 O 4 is presumed to be generated as a by-product.
- the sintering was performed in the absence of water molecules (Comparative Example 2), the crystallinity was low as in Comparative Example 1, and the growth of layered LiCoO 2 crystals did not proceed sufficiently. In contrast, clear crystallinity was confirmed in the LiCoO 2 powders of Examples 1-3. However, when the Li/Na ratio in the raw material used was 1.5/3.5 (Example 3), rock salt-type CoO was confirmed as a by-product.
- Test Example 2 Charge-discharge test Synthesized LiCoO 2 powder, acetylene black (manufactured by Denka) as a conductive material, and polyvinylidene fluoride (manufactured by Kureha) as a binder were mixed at a ratio of 85:10:5 (mass ratio). A half cell was fabricated using the coated electrode and lithium metal as the counter electrode, and a charge/discharge test was performed. The results for the LiCoO 2 powder of Example 1 are shown in FIG. 2(2), and the results for the LiCoO 2 powder of Comparative Example 1 are shown in FIG. 2(1). As shown in FIG.
- the charge/discharge capacity was significantly deteriorated due to repeated charge/discharge. Although it was unclear from X-ray diffraction analysis, there is a possibility that phases other than layered crystals are formed. On the other hand, the electrode made from the LiCoO 2 powder of Example 1 had a charge/discharge capacity of about 120 mAhg ⁇ 1 , and almost no capacity deterioration was observed even after the charge/discharge was repeated five times.
- Example 4 LiNi 1/3 Mn 1 / _ _ A 3 Co 1/3 O 2 powder was obtained.
- a LiCoO 2 powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the ratio was changed to 0:3.0.
- Test Example 3 X-Ray Diffraction
- the LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 powder produced in Example 4 was analyzed by the X-ray diffraction method. The results are shown in FIG. 3 together with X-ray diffraction pattern data for LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.34 O 2 and Mn 2 CoO 4 (Powder Diffraction File (PDF) 04-014-8375 and 04-022-4484).
- the LiCoO 2 powders produced in Examples 5 and 6 were analyzed by X-ray diffraction.
- the results are shown in FIG. 4 together with X-ray diffraction pattern data for LiCoO 2 (PDF 04-008-6329).
- the LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 powder of Example 4 and the LiCoO 2 powders of Examples 5 and 6 had clear crystallinity. confirmed.
- Test Example 4 Charge-discharge test Electrodes were prepared from the LiCoO 2 powders produced in Examples 5 and 6 in the same manner as in Test Example 2, and subjected to charge-discharge tests. The results of the LiCoO 2 powder of Example 5 are shown in FIG. 5(1), and the results of the LiCoO 2 powder of Example 6 are shown in FIG. 5(2). As shown in the results shown in FIG. 5, the electrode made from the LiCoO 2 powder produced from the raw material slurry containing water had a charge/discharge capacity of 110 to 120 mAhg ⁇ 1 , and even after repeating charge/discharge five times, the capacity deteriorated. was hardly confirmed.
- Test Example 5 X-Ray Diffraction
- the LiCoO 2 powders produced in Examples 7-9 were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction method. The results are shown in FIG. As the results shown in FIG. 6, the combination of lithium hydroxide monohydrate and sodium hydroxide plus potassium hydroxide produced crystalline LiCoO powder even at lower calcination temperatures. It became clear that it was possible.
Abstract
Description
そこで本発明は、より穏やかな条件で、リチウムイオン二次電池の正極材料などとして使用できる層状複合金属酸化物結晶材料を製造できる方法と、当該方法を利用した正極およびリチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
以下、本発明を示す。
前記層状複合金属酸化物結晶材料が下記式で表される複合金属酸化物で構成されており、
LixMOy
[式中、
Mは1または2以上の遷移金属を表し、Mの一部はAlおよび/またはMgで置換されていてもよく、
xは1以上、2以下の数を表し、
yは2以上、3以下の数を表し、
x+n(nは、遷移金属Mの平均価数を表す)の値は2×yである。]
水分子と酸素の存在下、リチウムの一価アニオン塩、ナトリウムおよび/またはカリウムの一価アニオン塩、並びに遷移金属の一価アニオン塩を含む混合物を、150℃以上、400℃以下で焼成する工程を含むことを特徴とする方法。
[2] 前記リチウムの一価アニオン塩、前記ナトリウムおよび/またはカリウムの一価アニオン塩、並びに前記遷移金属の一価アニオン塩からなる群より選択される1以上の塩として水和物を用いる前記[1]に記載の方法。
[3] 前記混合物として水を含むものを用いる前記[1]に記載の方法。
[4] 前記リチウムの一価アニオン塩に対する前記ナトリウムおよび/またはカリウムの一価アニオン塩のモル比が0.1以上、5以下である前記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[5] 常圧で焼成する前記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[6] 前記Mの一部がAlおよび/またはMgで置換されている場合、前記混合物が更にアルミニウムおよび/またはマグネシウムの一価アニオン塩を含む請求項[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[7] 正極を製造するための方法であって、
前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の方法により層状複合金属酸化物結晶材料を製造する工程、
前記層状複合金属酸化物結晶材料を少なくとも溶媒および結着剤と混合して正極スラリーを製造する工程、
前記正極スラリーを正極集電体に塗工する工程、及び、
前記正極集電体に塗工した前記正極スラリーを乾燥する工程を含むことを特徴とする方法。
[8] リチウムイオン二次電池を製造するための方法であって、
前記[7]に記載の方法により正極集電体上に正極を製造する工程、
負極集電体上に負極を製造する工程、
正極を有する前記正極集電体と負極を有する前記負極集電体をセパレーターを介して巻き取り巻回体を得る工程、及び、
前記巻回体を電池容器内に納め、電解質液を前記電池容器内に注入する工程を含むことを特徴とする方法。
LixMOy
[式中、Mは1または2以上の遷移金属を表し、Mの一部はAlおよび/またはMgで置換されていてもよく、xは1以上、2以下の数を表し、yは2以上、3以下の数を表し、x+n(nは、遷移金属Mの平均価数を表す)の値は2×y、即ち、x+n=2×yである。]
水酸化リチウム一水和物(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)、水酸化ナトリウム(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)、及び水酸化コバルト(高純度化学研究所社製)を、乳鉢を用いてLiOH・H2O:NaOH:Co(OH)2=1.5:0.5:1.0のモル比で混合した原料を、超硬ダイス(三庄インダストリー社製)を使い、10MPaの圧力で、5mm×30mm×5mmの直方体状にペレット化した。なお、ペレット化には10MPaの圧力を負荷したが、ペレット化は必須ではなく、また圧力は短時間負荷したのみであるので、圧力負荷により生産性は低下しない。
得られたペレットを、管状炉(「ARF-40KC」アサヒ理化製作所社製)中、100mL/minの酸素フロー下、300℃で12時間焼成した。焼成後のペレットを粉砕した後に、脱水エタノールで洗浄してLiOHとNaOHを除去した後、25℃で15分間乾燥することにより、LiCoO2粉末を得た。
原料のモル比をLiOH・H2O:NaOH:Co(OH)2=1.5:1.5:1.0に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、LiCoO2粉末を得た。
原料のモル比をLiOH・H2O:NaOH:Co(OH)2=1.5:3.5:1.0に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、LiCoO2粉末を得た。
水酸化ナトリウムを用いなかった以外は実施例1と同様にして、LiCoO2粉末を得た。
原料の水酸化リチウム一水和物の代わりに無水水酸化リチウムを用いた以外は実施例3と同様にして、LiCoO2粉末を得た。
実施例1~3および比較例1,2で製造したLiCoO2粉末を、X線回折法により分析した。結果を図1に示す。
図1に示される結果の通り、水酸化ナトリウムを用いない場合(比較例1)には結晶性が著しく低く、おそらく層状LiCoO2以外に、Co3O4やスピネル型のLi2Co2O4が副生成物として生成していると推定される。また、水分子の不存在下で焼成した場合(比較例2)も、比較例1と同様に結晶性が低く、層状LiCoO2の結晶の成長が十分に進行していなかった。
それに対して実施例1~3のLiCoO2粉末には、明確な結晶性が確認された。但し、使用した原料におけるLi/Na比が1.5/3.5である場合(実施例3)には、岩塩型CoOが副生成物として確認された。
合成したLiCoO2粉末、導電材としてアセチレンブラック(デンカ社製)、及びバインダーとしてポリフッ化ビニリデン(クレハ社製)を85:10:5(質量比)で混合して作製した塗工電極を使用し、対極にリチウム金属を用いたハーフセルを作製し、充放電試験を行った。実施例1のLiCoO2粉末の結果を図2(2)に、比較例1のLiCoO2粉末の結果を図2(1)に示す。
図2に示された結果の通り、比較例1のLiCoO2粉末から作製された電極では、充放電の繰り返しにより充放電容量の著しい劣化が認められた。X線回折による分析では不明であったが、層状結晶以外の相が生成している可能性がある。
それに対して、実施例1のLiCoO2粉末から作製された電極では約120mAhg-1の充放電容量が得られ、充放電を5回繰り返しても容量劣化はほとんど確認されなかった。
遷移金属水酸化物としてCo(OH)2の代わりにNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3(OH)2を使用した以外は実施例1と同様にして、LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2粉末を得た。
水酸化リチウム無水物、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化コバルト、及び水を、LiOH・H2O:NaOH:Co(OH)2:H2O=1.5:0.5:1.0:4.5のモル比で混合し、スラリーを得た。
得られたスラリーを使用した以外は実施例1と同様にして、LiCoO2粉末を得た。
水酸化リチウム無水物の代わりに水酸化リチウム一水和物を用い、原料のモル比をLiOH・H2O:NaOH:Co(OH)2:H2O=1.5:0.5:1.0:3.0に変更した以外は実施例5と同様にして、LiCoO2粉末を得た。
実施例4で製造したLiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2粉末を、X線回折法により分析した。結果を、LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.34O2およびMn2CoO4のX線回折パターンデータ(Powder Diffraction File(PDF) 04-014-8375および04-022-4484)と共に図3に示す。
実施例5と実施例6で製造したLiCoO2粉末を、X線回折法により分析した。結果を、LiCoO2のX線回折パターンデータ(PDF 04-008-6329)と共に図4に示す。
図3と図4に示される結果の通り、実施例4のLiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2粉末および実施例5と実施例6のLiCoO2粉末には明確な結晶性が確認された。
試験例2と同様にして、実施例5と実施例6で製造したLiCoO2粉末から電極を作製し、充放電試験に付した。実施例5のLiCoO2粉末の結果を図5(1)に、実施例6のLiCoO2粉末の結果を図5(2)に示す。
図5に示される結果の通り、水を含む原料スラリーから製造したLiCoO2粉末から作製された電極では、110~120mAhg-1の充放電容量が得られ、充放電を5回繰り返しても容量劣化はほとんど確認されなかった。
水酸化リチウム一水和物(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)、水酸化ナトリウム(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)、水酸化カリウム(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)、及び水酸化コバルト(高純度化学研究所社製)を、乳鉢を用いてLiOH・H2O:NaOH:KOH:Co(OH)2=1.5:0.25:0.25:1.0のモル比で混合した原料を得た。この原料を用い、焼成温度を300℃から250℃に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、LiCoO2粉末を得た。
水酸化リチウム一水和物(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)、水酸化ナトリウム(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)、水酸化カリウム(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)、及び水酸化コバルト(高純度化学研究所社製)を、乳鉢を用いてLiOH・H2O:NaOH:KOH:Co(OH)2=1.5:0.25:0.25:1.0のモル比で混合した原料を得た。この原料を用い、焼成温度を300℃から200℃に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、LiCoO2粉末を得た。
水酸化リチウム一水和物(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)、水酸化ナトリウム(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)、水酸化カリウム(富士フィルム和光純薬社製)、及び水酸化コバルト(高純度化学研究所社製)を、乳鉢を用いてLiOH・H2O:NaOH:KOH:Co(OH)2=1.5:0.45:0.05:1.0のモル比で混合した原料を得た。この原料を用い、焼成温度を300℃から200℃に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、LiCoO2粉末を得た。
実施例7~9で製造したLiCoO2粉末を、X線回折法により分析した。結果を図6に示す。
図6に示される結果の通り、水酸化リチウム一水和物と水酸化ナトリウムに加えて更に水酸化カリウムを併用することにより、より低い焼成温度であっても、結晶性のLiCoO2粉末を製造できることが明らかとなった。
Claims (8)
- 層状複合金属酸化物結晶材料を製造するための方法であって、
前記層状複合金属酸化物結晶材料が下記式で表される複合金属酸化物で構成されており、
LixMOy
[式中、
Mは1または2以上の遷移金属を表し、Mの一部はAlおよび/またはMgで置換されていてもよく、
xは1以上、2以下の数を表し、
yは2以上、3以下の数を表し、
x+n(nは、遷移金属Mの平均価数を表す)の値は2×yである。]
水分子と酸素の存在下、リチウムの一価アニオン塩、ナトリウムおよび/またはカリウムの一価アニオン塩、並びに遷移金属の一価アニオン塩を含む混合物を、150℃以上、400℃以下で焼成する工程を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記リチウムの一価アニオン塩、前記ナトリウムおよび/またはカリウムの一価アニオン塩、並びに前記遷移金属の一価アニオン塩からなる群より選択される1以上の塩として水和物を用いる請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物として水を含むものを用いる請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記リチウムの一価アニオン塩に対する前記ナトリウムおよび/またはカリウムの一価アニオン塩のモル比が0.1以上、5以下である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 常圧で焼成する請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記Mの一部がAlおよび/またはMgで置換されている場合、前記混合物が更にアルミニウムおよび/またはマグネシウムの一価アニオン塩を含む請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 正極を製造するための方法であって、
請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の方法により層状複合金属酸化物結晶材料を製造する工程、
前記層状複合金属酸化物結晶材料を少なくとも溶媒および結着剤と混合して正極スラリーを製造する工程、
前記正極スラリーを正極集電体に塗工する工程、及び、
前記正極集電体に塗工した前記正極スラリーを乾燥する工程を含むことを特徴とする方法。 - リチウムイオン二次電池を製造するための方法であって、
請求項7に記載の方法により正極集電体上に正極を製造する工程、
負極集電体上に負極を製造する工程、
正極を有する前記正極集電体と負極を有する前記負極集電体をセパレーターを介して巻き取り巻回体を得る工程、及び、
前記巻回体を電池容器内に納め、電解質液を前記電池容器内に注入する工程を含むことを特徴とする方法。
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JP2007257985A (ja) * | 2006-03-23 | 2007-10-04 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質およびその製造方法とそれを用いた非水系電解質二次電池 |
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JP2007257985A (ja) * | 2006-03-23 | 2007-10-04 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | 非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質およびその製造方法とそれを用いた非水系電解質二次電池 |
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