WO2022088223A1 - 风机系统、应用有该风机系统的吸油烟机及其安装方法 - Google Patents

风机系统、应用有该风机系统的吸油烟机及其安装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022088223A1
WO2022088223A1 PCT/CN2020/126721 CN2020126721W WO2022088223A1 WO 2022088223 A1 WO2022088223 A1 WO 2022088223A1 CN 2020126721 W CN2020126721 W CN 2020126721W WO 2022088223 A1 WO2022088223 A1 WO 2022088223A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air outlet
volute
air
fan system
cover plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/126721
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
雷改
徐志能
史磊
Original Assignee
宁波方太厨具有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁波方太厨具有限公司 filed Critical 宁波方太厨具有限公司
Priority to US17/776,234 priority Critical patent/US11774111B2/en
Publication of WO2022088223A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022088223A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/16—Centrifugal pumps for displacing without appreciable compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/20—Removing cooking fumes
    • F24C15/2042—Devices for removing cooking fumes structurally associated with a cooking range e.g. downdraft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
    • F04D25/166—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows using fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
    • F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/4226—Fan casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/4226—Fan casings
    • F04D29/4233—Fan casings with volutes extending mainly in axial or radially inward direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/441—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/60—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling
    • F04D29/62—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/624—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/626—Mounting or removal of fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/668—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps damping or preventing mechanical vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F24C15/00—Details
    • F24C15/20—Removing cooking fumes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an oil fume purification device, in particular to a fan system, a range hood applied with the fan system, and an installation method of a guide device in the range hood.
  • Range hoods have become one of the indispensable kitchen appliances in modern homes.
  • the range hood uses the principle of fluid dynamics to work.
  • the centrifugal fan installed inside the range hood sucks and discharges the oil fume, and uses the filter screen to filter some grease particles.
  • the centrifugal fan includes a volute, an impeller installed in the volute, and a motor that drives the impeller to rotate. When the impeller rotates, a negative pressure suction is generated in the center of the fan, and the oil fume under the range hood is sucked into the fan. After being accelerated by the fan, it is collected by the volute and guided out of the room.
  • an ultra-thin top-suction range hood at least includes a casing and an air supply structure, and the air supply structure includes a fan volute, and the The motor and the wind wheel are used together with the fan volute.
  • the fan volute includes a front cover plate with an air inlet and an intermediate ring wall, and the intermediate ring wall vertically connects the front cover plates with a continuous and smooth transition surface. An inner flow channel and air outlet with an upper opening are formed.
  • the motor of the fan system is the power source, and the motor converts electrical energy into rotating mechanical energy to drive the impeller to rotate to provide energy.
  • the motor itself has high requirements for fixing, and it will generate vibration and so on.
  • the motor installation is generally to fix the motor on the box or the upper part of the back cover of the volute, and rely on the box and the back cover of the volute to fix the motor. In this case, the removal of the motor requires the removal of the volute impeller assembly, causing troubles in after-sales maintenance.
  • the fan system design of the horizontal range hood takes into account both the circular top air outlet and the square back air outlet.
  • the actual user's home installation is mainly circular top air outlet, and a small number of users' kitchen installation environment is in the form of square back air outlet. .
  • the original air outlet of the fan system is facing backward, if the top air is to be realized, the air flow from the air outlet needs to be turned 90° and then discharged upwards.
  • the first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fan system for the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, which can ensure the safety of motor installation and the convenience of disassembly, and can also weaken the vibration of the whole machine.
  • the second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a range hood applying the above fan system.
  • the third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an installation method of the flow guiding device of the above-mentioned range hood.
  • a fan system includes a volute, an impeller arranged in the volute, and a motor for driving the impeller to rotate
  • the volute includes a front cover, a A rear cover plate and a ring wall connected between the front cover plate and the rear cover plate, the front cover plate is provided with an air inlet, when the fan system is installed, the air inlet faces downward
  • the motor includes a motor
  • the main body and the skirt arranged on the outer periphery of the motor body are characterized in that: the skirt of the motor is connected and fixed with the rear cover by the side of the rear cover facing the air inlet.
  • the fan system also includes a locking ring, and a mounting hole for the motor to pass through is opened on the rear cover of the volute, and the edge of the mounting hole is outward.
  • An annular mounting flange is formed, the anti-loosening ring is fixed on the side of the mounting flange away from the air inlet, and the skirt is connected and fixed with the anti-loosening ring.
  • the fan system further includes a nylon self-locking nut, which is embedded in the anti-loosening ring, and the skirt passes through the mounting flange through the motor screw. And lock with nylon self-locking nut.
  • a range hood applied with the above-mentioned fan system comprising a casing, and the fan system is arranged in the casing, and is characterized in that: the The front cover plate, the rear cover plate and the ring wall together form a first air outlet, the first air outlet faces the rear side, and the rear cover plate is provided with a second air outlet, and the second air outlet faces upwards , the first air outlet and the second air outlet selectively discharge air.
  • the housing includes a back panel located on the rear side, and a first air outlet for connecting the fan system to an external smoke exhaust pipe is provided on the back panel of the housing corresponding to the first air outlet.
  • a top cover plate is arranged at the second air outlet of the rear cover plate of the volute, and the second air outlet is closed, thereby forming a structure of back air outlet.
  • a second air outlet hood for connecting the fan system to an external smoke exhaust pipe is provided at the top of the housing corresponding to the second air outlet, and the first air outlet is provided with a second air outlet cover.
  • the air guide device has a guide surface facing the air flow to guide the air flow from the second air outlet, and the first air outlet is closed by setting a back cover plate to form a structure for ejecting air.
  • the back cover plate is arranged on the outer side of the volute.
  • the rear cover plate of the volute protrudes toward the inside of the volute at a position close to the first air outlet to form a flanging hole, and the flanging hole is used to install the first air outlet.
  • the top of the air guide device has an escape hole adapted to the flanged hole.
  • a volute tongue is formed on the annular wall, so that the side of the flow guide device away from the volute tongue is formed.
  • the bottom and the rear end facing the first air outlet are the first points, and the top of the air guide device close to the side of the volute tongue and the front end away from the first air outlet are the second points.
  • the first The line connecting the point and the second point is a vertical line
  • the shortest distance from the first point on the guide device to the top surface of the guide device is the length of the line segment between the first point and the second point, and the length is equal to the inner side of the volute. high.
  • an installation method of the above-mentioned guide device of a range hood which is characterized in that: it includes the following steps:
  • step (2) rotate the guide device with the first point as the center, and the direction of rotation is toward the volute tongue, until it rotates so that the flanging hole is locked into the avoidance hole.
  • the present invention has the advantages that: the motor is installed from the air inlet, and when the fan system is arranged horizontally, the motor can be disassembled and assembled conveniently; It can ensure the safety of motor installation and the convenience of disassembly, and at the same time can weaken the vibration of the whole machine; the diversion device adopts the rotating disassembly method, which not only ensures the convenience of disassembly and assembly, but also ensures its safety.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first installation state of a range hood according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the exploded structure schematic diagram of the range hood of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the range hood of Fig. 1 viewed from bottom to top;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the range hood of FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is the enlarged schematic diagram of part I of Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the hidden housing of the range hood of FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the fan system of the range hood of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 8 is the exploded structure schematic diagram of Fig. 7;
  • Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the locking ring of the fan system of Fig. 7;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the hidden diversion device of the fan system of FIG. 7;
  • Fig. 11 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part II of Fig. 10;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic front view of a flow guiding device of a range hood according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic side view of a flow guide device of a range hood according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an installation process of a flow guide device of a range hood according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the completion of installation of the guide device of the range hood according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is an enlarged schematic diagram of part III of FIG. 15;
  • 17 is a schematic diagram of a second installation state of the range hood according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the hidden wall of Figure 17;
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of the second air outlet cover hidden in FIG. 18;
  • FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the concealed housing of the range hood of FIG. 19 .
  • the range hood is a horizontal range hood, and includes a housing 1 and a fan system 2 arranged in the housing 1 .
  • the fan system 2 is a centrifugal fan, including a volute 21 , an impeller 22 disposed in the volute 21 , and a motor 23 for driving the impeller 22 to rotate.
  • a volute 21 a volute 21
  • an impeller 22 disposed in the volute 21
  • a motor 23 for driving the impeller 22 to rotate.
  • the impeller 22 is connected and fixed with the output shaft of the motor 23 through a finger nut 221 .
  • Each volute 21 includes a front cover 211 , a rear cover 212 , and a ring wall 213 connected between the front cover 211 and the rear cover 212 , and a volute 214 is formed on the ring wall 213 .
  • the front cover 211 is located below the rear cover 212, and the two are arranged parallel to each other up and down.
  • the front cover 211 is provided with an air inlet 215, and the air inlet 215 faces downward to form a horizontal range hood.
  • the front cover 211 , the rear cover 212 and the ring wall 213 together form a first air outlet 216 , and the first air outlet 216 faces the rear side.
  • the volute tongue 214 separates the airflow driven by the impeller 22 to the first air outlet 216 to prevent most of the gas from flowing back into the volute 21 .
  • the range hood of the present invention has two installation methods for exhausting smoke.
  • the first one is to exhaust smoke upwards and connect it with the first exhaust pipe 100.
  • the first exhaust pipe 100 is a hollow cylindrical shape, which is arranged on the surface of the exhaust pipe 100.
  • a second air outlet 217 is opened on the rear cover plate 212 of the volute 21 .
  • the second air outlet 217 is opposite to the air inlet 215 , and the air is discharged upward from the second air outlet 217 .
  • the position of the second air outlet 217 may correspond to the volute tongue 214 .
  • the rear cover plates 212 of the two volutes 21 may be integrated, so that the two second air outlets 217 are integrated.
  • the first air outlet 216 is provided with a flow guide device 4 , the flow guide device 4 has a flow guide surface 41 , and the flow guide surface 41 faces the airflow.
  • the air guide device 4 blocks the first air outlet 216 to prevent oil fume from being discharged from the first air outlet 216 .
  • a back cover plate 24 may be provided at the first air outlet 216 , so that oil fume will not be discharged from the first air outlet 216 .
  • the range hood also includes a second air outlet hood 32.
  • a through hole 11 is formed at the top of the housing 1 at a position corresponding to the second air outlet 217.
  • the shape of the through hole 11 is the same as the overall shape of the two second air outlets 217.
  • the second air outlet cover 32 is arranged above the casing 1, and the cover is arranged at the through hole 11, so that the fan system 2 can be connected with the first smoke exhaust pipe 100, so that the oil fume discharged from the fan system 2 can enter the first smoke exhaust pipe 100.
  • the structure of the second air outlet hood 32 in the present invention may be the same as that of an air outlet hood used in a common range hood.
  • the second air outlet hood 32 is in the form of a square-turned-circle structure.
  • the housing 1 further includes a back panel 12 located on the rear side of the whole machine, which is used for installing and fixing the whole range hood and the wall 200 .
  • the motor 23 is used to drive the impeller 22 to rotate in the volute 21 , and the motor 23 is vertically hung upside down and fixed in the volute 21 . Since the motor 23 is a power source, the motor 23 has vibration acceleration during operation. In addition, since the structure of the motor 23 is an external standard part, the structural modification is very complicated, so the structure of the motor 23 is basically fixed during product development. Get started.
  • the fan system 2 further includes a locking ring 25, a mounting hole 2121 is formed on the rear cover plate 212 of the volute 21, and an annular mounting flange 2122 is formed on the edge of the mounting hole 2121 to the outer periphery.
  • the lip 2122 is sized and shaped to fit the lock ring 25 and is flat.
  • the motor 23 includes a motor body 231 , an output shaft 232 , a skirt 233 and a motor screw 234 .
  • the skirt 233 is disposed on the outer periphery of the motor body 231 , and the output shaft 232 is fixed to the impeller 22 by a hand-tight nut 221 .
  • a nylon self-locking nut 251 is arranged on the anti-loosening ring 25, and the nylon self-locking nut 251 is embedded in the plastic anti-loosening ring 25.
  • the so-called embedded means an interference fit, and the nylon self-locking nut 251 cannot be inserted into the anti-loosening ring. 25 to ensure that the motor screws 234 are tight.
  • the anti-loosening ring 25 is connected with the rear cover plate 212 of the volute 21 by using two screws to form a whole.
  • a first screw hole 2123 is defined on the mounting flange 2122 of the rear cover plate 212 of the volute 21
  • a second screw hole 2331 is defined on the skirt 233 of the motor 23 .
  • the diameter of the second screw hole 2133 of the motor 23 is 6 mm
  • the diameter of the motor screw 234 is M5
  • the diameter of the first screw hole 2123 of the volute 21 is 6.3 mm
  • the diameter of the nylon self-locking nut 251 is M5.
  • the motor 23 Before installing the motor 23, firstly fix the anti-loosening ring 25 above the mounting flange 2122, which can be connected and fixed by means of screws or the like. Then, the motor 23 is pushed from the bottom to the top from the air inlet 215 of the volute 21 until the skirt 23 abuts the mounting flange 2122, and then the motor screws 234 pass through the mounting flange 2122 to connect with the locking ring 25. Nylon self-locking nut 251 locks.
  • the motor 23 is tightly connected by the motor screw 234 and the anti-loosening ring 25 .
  • the locking ring 25 , the skirt 234 of the motor 23 and the mounting flange 2122 of the rear cover plate 212 of the volute 21 are in surface contact, and the surface contact has a weakening effect on the transmission of the vibration of the motor 23 .
  • nylon self-locking nut 251 is used to fix motor screw 234.
  • Nylon self-locking nut 251 is a new type of high-vibration and anti-loosening fastening parts, because its anti-vibration and anti-loosening performance is much higher than Various other anti-loose devices, and the vibration life is several times or even dozens of times higher.
  • more than 80% of accidents in mechanical equipment are caused by loose fasteners, and the use of nylon self-locking nuts 251 can prevent major accidents caused by loose fasteners.
  • the motor screw 234 is fixed with nylon self-locking nut, which can ensure that the motor 23 will not loosen even if it vibrates, and ensure the safety of the motor 23 on the whole machine even under harsh conditions. Risk of loosening.
  • the nylon self-locking nut 251 is fixed above the rear cover plate 212 of the volute 21, and the motor 23 is placed at the rear cover plate 212 of the volute 21 from the air inlet 215 of the volute 21. , which ensures the convenience of the installation of the motor 23 .
  • the hand nut 221 is removed first, then the impeller 22 is removed, and the motor 23 is removed again.
  • the above-mentioned range hood is installed in a top-out manner, and when the back air is required, the fan system 2 is connected to the second smoke exhaust pipe 101.
  • a top cover plate 26 is provided at the second air outlet 217 of the rear cover plate 212 of the volute 21 to close the second air outlet 217 .
  • the first air outlet 216 communicates the inside of the volute 21 with the outside of the range hood, that is, the back cover plate 24 is no longer required at the first air outlet 216, and the airflow does not need to be rotated by 90° at this time. Once the air outlet 216 is discharged, the air guide device 4 is no longer required.
  • the housing 1 includes a back plate 12 on the rear side. Similar to the ejection of the air, a through hole (not shown) can also be opened on the back plate 12 of the housing 1 at a position corresponding to the first air outlet 216 to facilitate airflow.
  • a first air outlet hood 31 is provided at the first air outlet 216 , and the first air outlet hood 31 is similar to the existing air outlet hood and also has a check valve sheet 311 .
  • the two first air outlets 216 share one first air outlet hood 31 .
  • the wall body 200 is located at the rear side of the first air outlet hood 31 , the wall body 200 is provided with a perforation 201 at a position corresponding to the first air outlet hood 31 , and the second smoke exhaust pipe 101 is installed on the first air outlet hood 31 away from the first air outlet hood 31 .
  • One end of an air outlet 216 is penetrated from the opening 201 to the rear side of the wall 200 .
  • the second smoke exhaust pipe 102 is a square pipe
  • the first air outlet hood 31 is a square-turned-square hood structure.
  • the air guide device 4 and the back cover plate 24 are sealed and assembled; when the back-out air is used, the top cover plate 26 is used for sealing.
  • the top cover plate 26 and the back cover plate 24 are both on the outside of the volute 21, which is convenient for assembly.
  • the rear cover plate 212 of the volute 21 is flanged toward the inside of the volute 21 at a position close to the first air outlet 216 to form a flanging hole 2124 .
  • the The top has an escape hole 42 adapted to the flanging hole 2124 , and is used to avoid the flanging hole 2124 . Screws and the like can enter the flanging hole 2124 of the second air outlet cover 32 and lock, thereby connecting and fixing the second air outlet cover 32 and the rear cover plate 212 of the volute 21.
  • the flanged holes 2124 can increase the area for engaging with the screws, thereby making the connection between the second air outlet cover 32 and the rear cover 212 more stable.
  • the bottom of the side of the flow guide device 4 away from the volute tongue 214 and the rear end toward the first air outlet 216 is the first point A
  • the front end of the air outlet 216 is the second point B
  • the connecting line AB is a vertical line.
  • the volute 21 is a sheet metal part, and the guide device 4 is a plastic part.
  • the two are assembled together to form an inner flow field space where the air enters the air inlet 215, the second air outlet 217 discharges air, and other areas are sealed. That is to say, except that the air inlet 215 and the second air outlet 216 have air flow, there is no air flow or outside flow in other areas. This is to avoid unnecessary aerodynamic noise caused by leakage of the air flow pressure of the volute 21 and the like.
  • the assembly space of the guide device 4 is limited in the volute 21; and on the volute 21, due to the connection with the second air outlet hood 32, the guide device 4 and other components, features such as screw holes are unavoidable.
  • the rear cover plate 212 has flanging holes 2124 or other bosses, etc.
  • the present invention adopts a novel installation method of the flow guiding device 4 .
  • the above-mentioned first point A is used as the rotation center of the assembly. Since A and B are on a vertical line, the shortest distance from the first point A on the flow guide device 4 to the top surface of the flow guide device 4 is the length of the AB line segment, and This length is equal to the height of the inside of the volute 21 (the height between the inside of the front cover 21 and the inside of the rear cover 22).
  • the guide device 4 moves from the rear side of the first air outlet 216 of the volute 21 to the inside of the volute 21 at the inclination angle obtained in step (1), and stops when the guide device 4 is in contact with the volute tongue 214;
  • the avoidance hole 42 is preferably a waist-shaped hole, there can be three waist-shaped holes, and the length dimension They can be 13.5mm, 12mm, and 9.5mm respectively, and the diameter of the semicircle of the waist-shaped hole is 8mm.
  • the three waist-shaped holes are not large, and at the same time can meet the structural strength of the top surface of the diversion device 4; if the hole is large, the The structural contact area of the top surface is small and the strength is weak, which cannot meet the strength requirements.
  • the flow guiding device 4 is installed in the above-mentioned rotational manner, which can not only ensure the complete cooperation between the flow guiding device 4 and the volute 21 to ensure the airtightness thereof, but also ensure the normal disassembly and assembly of the flow guiding device 4 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种风机系统，包括蜗壳(21)、设置在蜗壳(21)内的叶轮(22)和电机(23)，蜗壳(21)包括前盖板(211)、后盖板(212)以及环壁(213)，前盖板(211)上开设有进风口(215)，风机系统安装状态下，进风口(215)朝下，电机包括电机本体(23)包括电机本体(231)和裙边(233)，裙边(233)由后盖板(212)朝向进风口(215)的一侧与后盖板(212)连接固定。本发明还公开了一种应用有上述风机系统的吸油烟机，以及该吸油烟机的导流装置的安装方法。与现有技术相比，本发明将电机从进风口装入，当风机系统为卧式布置时，可方便地完成电机的拆装。

Description

风机系统、应用有该风机系统的吸油烟机及其安装方法 技术领域
本发明涉及油烟净化装置，尤其是一种风机系统，应用有该风机系统的吸油烟机，以及该吸油烟机中导流装置的安装方法。
背景技术
吸油烟机已成为现代家庭中不可或缺的厨房家电设备之一。吸油烟机是利用流体动力学原理进行工作，通过安装在吸油烟机内部的离心式风机吸排油烟，并使用滤网过滤部分油脂颗粒。离心式风机包括蜗壳、安装在蜗壳中叶轮及带动叶轮转动的电机。当叶轮旋转时，在风机中心产生负压吸力，将吸油烟机下方的油烟吸入风机，经过风机加速后被蜗壳收集、引导排出室外。
当前吸油烟机市场上存在着一种卧式吸油烟机(薄型吸油烟机)，该吸油烟机的主要结构特点为风机系统为水平卧置，同时普遍采用离心风机系统，电机的旋转轴垂直于灶具台面。如中国实用新型专利CN207006315U(专利号为201720917014.9)公开的一种超薄型顶吸式吸油烟机，至少包括壳体和送风结构件，所述送风结构件包括风机蜗壳、与所述风机蜗壳配合使用的电机和风轮,所述风机蜗壳包括设有进风口的前盖板和中间环壁，所述中间环壁以连续平滑过渡的曲面将所述前盖板垂直连接起来并形成一个具有上开口的内流道和送风口。
风机系统的电机是动力源，电机将电能转化为旋转机械能带动叶轮旋转提供能量。电机作为动力源本身固定要求较高，而且会产生振动等情况。在卧式吸油烟机的风机系统下，电机安装一般是将电机固定在箱体上或者蜗壳后盖板的上部，依靠箱体和蜗壳后盖板来固定电机。该情况下电机拆卸需要将蜗壳叶轮组件拆除，造成售后维修麻烦。
现有的电机安装方式当电机从蜗壳进风口处放入电机进行安装时，电机竖直倒挂，电机固定螺钉从蜗壳进风口处打入螺钉，工作条件下电机螺钉容易松脱，长期工作电机有脱落的风险。当采用蜗壳后盖处放入电机时，电机依靠蜗壳后盖支撑，电机无脱落的风险，但是该情况下，电机拆卸比较复杂，因为蜗壳组装固定在箱体上，箱体和蜗壳后盖之间的尺寸较小，无法从中间取出电机，当需要拆除电机时，需要拆除整个风机系统，整体比较复杂，工作任务较大。当拆除蜗壳组件时，需要拆除蜗壳支脚6颗螺钉，箱体背板4颗螺钉，箱体顶部4颗螺钉，总计14颗螺钉，由于螺钉处于不同的方向，拆除螺钉时还需变换整机放置方式，因此整体拆卸比较复杂。
此外，卧式吸油烟机的风机系统设计同时兼顾圆形顶出风和方形背出风，目前实际用户家安装以圆形顶出风为主，少量用户家厨房安装环境为方形背出风形式。而由于风 机系统原本的出风口朝后，如果要实现顶出风，则需要将从出风口流出的气流转向90°后向上排出，为此，需要在出风口处设置导流装置。为了满足用户安装需求，同时考虑用户拆卸方便，需要提供一种既满足风机系统配合尺寸的要求、又满足拆换方便需求的导流装置的安装方法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题是针对上述现有技术存在的不足，提供一种风机系统，确保电机安装的安全性和拆卸的便捷性，还能够削弱整机的振动。
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题是提供一种应用有上述风机系统的吸油烟机。
本发明所要解决的第三个技术问题是提供一种上述吸油烟机的导流装置的安装方法。
本发明解决上述第一个技术问题所采用的技术方案为：一种风机系统，包括蜗壳、设置在蜗壳内的叶轮和用于驱动叶轮旋转的电机，所述蜗壳包括前盖板、后盖板以及连接在前盖板和后盖板之间的环壁，所述前盖板上开设有进风口，所述风机系统安装状态下，所述进风口朝下，所述电机包括电机本体和设置在电机本体外周的裙边，其特征在于：所述电机的裙边由后盖板朝向进风口的一侧与后盖板连接固定。
为避免电机在工作过程中由于振动而松脱，所述风机系统还包括防松环，所述蜗壳的后盖板上开设有供电机穿过的安装孔，所述安装孔的边缘向外周形成有环状的安装凸缘，所述防松环固定在安装凸缘远离进风口的一侧，所述裙边与防松环连接固定。
为进一步避免电机在工作过程中由于振动而松脱，所述风机系统还包括尼龙自锁螺母，所述尼龙自锁螺母内嵌入防松环内，所述裙边通过电机螺钉穿过安装凸缘而和尼龙自锁螺母锁紧。
本发明解决上述第二个技术问题所采用的技术方案为：一种应用有如上所述的风机系统的吸油烟机，包括壳体，所述风机系统设置在壳体内，其特征在于：所述前盖板、后盖板和环壁共同围成有第一出风口，所述第一出风口朝向后侧，所述后盖板上开设有第二出风口，所述第二出风口朝上，所述第一出风口和第二出风口选择性地出风。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述壳体包括位于后侧的背板，所述壳体的背板上与第一出风口对应处设置有用于将风机系统与外部的排烟管连接的第一出风罩，在蜗壳的后盖板的第二出风口处设置顶盖板，将第二出风口封闭，从而形成背出风的结构。
根据本发明的另一个方面，所述壳体的顶部与第二出风口对应处设置有用于将风机系统与外部的排烟管连接的第二出风罩，所述第一出风口处设置有导流装置，所述导流装置具有迎向气流从而将气流从第二出风口导出的导流面，所述第一出风口通过设置背盖板封闭，从而构成顶出风的结构。
为方便装配，所述背盖板设置在蜗壳的外侧。
为便于蜗壳与其他部件的固定，所述蜗壳的后盖板在靠近第一出风口的位置向蜗壳内部的方向凸起而形成有翻边孔，所述翻边孔用于安装第二出风罩。
为避免导流装置和蜗壳的后盖板干涉，同时确保导流装置所在位置的密封性，所述导流装置的顶部具有与翻边孔适配的避位孔。
优选的，为进一步确保导流装置所在位置的密封性，同时避免导流装置安装时与蜗壳内其他部位干涉，所述环壁上形成有蜗舌，以导流装置远离蜗舌一侧的底部并且朝向第一出风口的后端为第一点，以导流装置靠近蜗舌一侧的顶部并且远离第一出风口的前端为第二点，所述导流装置安装状态下，第一点和第二点连线为竖直线，所述导流装置上的第一点到导流装置顶面最短距离为第一点和第二点线段的长度，且该长度等于蜗壳内侧的高度。
本发明解决上述第三个技术问题所采用的技术方案为：一种如上所述的吸油烟机的导流装置的安装方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
(1)将导流装置置于风机系统外并对准第一出风口，将导流装置上部向远离第一出风口的方向倾斜一定角度；
(2)导流装置以步骤1)得到的倾斜角度从蜗壳的第一出风口后侧向蜗壳内部移动，当移动到导流装置和蜗舌接触时停止；
(3)在步骤(2)到达的位置处以第一点为中心旋转导流装置，旋转的方向为朝向蜗舌，直至旋转到使得翻边孔卡入避位孔内。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：将电机从进风口装入，当风机系统为卧式布置时，可方便地完成电机的拆装；通过设置防松环和尼龙自锁螺母，能够确保电机安装的安全性和拆卸的便捷性，同时可以削弱整机的振动；导流装置采用旋转拆装方式，既保证拆装的便捷性，又保证其安全性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的吸油烟机的第一种安装状态示意图；
图2为图1的吸油烟机的分解结构示意图；
图3为图1的吸油烟机由下往上看的示意图；
图4为图1的吸油烟机的剖视图；
图5为图4的局部Ⅰ放大示意图；
图6为图1的吸油烟机隐藏壳体的示意图；
图7为图1的吸油烟机的风机系统的示意图；
图8为图7的分解结构示意图；
图9为图7的风机系统的防松环的示意图；
图10为图7的风机系统隐藏导流装置的示意图；
图11为图10的局部Ⅱ放大示意图；
图12为本发明实施例的吸油烟机的导流装置的正面示意图；
图13为本发明实施例的吸油烟机的导流装置的侧面示意图；
图14为本发明实施例的吸油烟机的导流装置的安装过程示意图；
图15为本发明实施例的吸油烟机的导流装置安装完成示意图；
图16为图15的局部Ⅲ放大示意图；
图17为本发明实施例的吸油烟机的第二种安装状态示意图；
图18为图17隐藏墙壁的示意图；
图19为图18隐藏第二出风罩的示意图；
图20为图19的吸油烟机隐藏壳体的剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，由于本发明所公开的实施例可以按照不同的方向设置，所以这些表示方向的术语只是作为说明而不应视作为限制，比如“上”、“下”并不一定被限定为与重力方向相反或一致的方向。此外，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。
如图1～图8所示，为本发明的一种吸油烟机一个优选实施例，该吸油烟机为卧式吸油烟机，包括壳体1和设置在壳体1内的风机系统2。
其中，风机系统2为离心风机，包括蜗壳21、设置在蜗壳21内的叶轮22和用于驱动叶轮22旋转的电机23。在本实施例中，风机系统2具有两个，并且两者并联设置。叶轮22通过手紧螺母221与电机23的输出轴连接固定。
每个蜗壳21包括前盖板211、后盖板212以及连接在前盖板211和后盖板212之间的环壁213，环壁213上形成有蜗舌214。前盖板211位于后盖板212的下方，两者上下互相平行设置。前盖板211上开设有进风口215，进风口215朝下形成卧式吸油烟机。前盖板211、后盖板212和环壁213共同围成有第一出风口216，第一出风口216朝向后侧。蜗舌214将叶轮22带动的气流分隔到第一出风口216，防止大部分气体回流到蜗壳21内。
本发明的吸油烟机有两种排烟安装方式，第一种，向上排烟，与第一排烟管100连 接，此时，第一排烟管100为中空的圆柱形，设置在吸油烟机的上方。蜗壳21的后盖板212上开设有第二出风口217，第二出风口217与进风口215反向，气流从第二出风口217朝上排出。第二出风口217的位置可以与蜗舌214对应。两个蜗壳21的后盖板212可以为一体，由此两个第二出风口217成为一体。为使得原本从第一出风口216流出的气流转向90°后向上排出，第一出风口216处设置有导流装置4，导流装置4具有导流面41，导流面41迎向气流。导流装置4将第一出风口216封堵，避免油烟从第一出风口216排出。为进一步确保第一出风口216处的密封性，这种安装状态下，可在第一出风口216处设置背盖板24，从而油烟不会从第一出风口216排出。
吸油烟机还包括第二出风罩32，壳体1顶部与第二出风口217对应的位置开有通孔11，通孔11的形状与两个第二出风口217整体的形状相同，第二出风罩32设置在壳体1的上方，罩设在通孔11处，从而可将风机系统2与第一排烟管100连接，以便于风机系统2排出的油烟进入第一排烟管100。本发明中的第二出风罩32与通常的吸油烟机所使用的出风罩的结构可以相同。第二出风罩32为方转圆的结构形式。
壳体1还包括位于整机后侧的背板12，用于将吸油烟机整机与墙体200安装固定。
参见图5、图7～图9，电机23用于驱动叶轮22在蜗壳21内转动，电机23竖直地倒挂固定在蜗壳21内。由于电机23为动力源，电机23在工作时存在振动加速度。此外，由于电机23结构形式为外协标准件，结构更改非常复杂，所以在进行产品开发时，电机23结构基本固定，因此，要增加电机23安装的稳固性，只能从电机23的安装结构入手。在本发明中，风机系统2还包括防松环25，蜗壳21的后盖板212上开设有安装孔2121，安装孔2121的边缘向外周形成有环状的安装凸缘2122，该安装凸缘2122的尺寸和形状与防松环25适配，并且呈平板状。电机23包括电机本体231、输出轴232、裙边233和电机螺钉234，裙边233设置在电机本体231的外周，输出轴232通过手紧螺母221与叶轮22固定。
防松环25上设置有尼龙自锁螺母251，尼龙自锁螺母251内嵌入塑料制成的防松环25中，所谓内嵌即是指过盈配合，尼龙自锁螺母251无法在防松环25中转动，以确保电机螺钉234紧固。防松环25采用2颗螺钉与蜗壳21的后盖板212连接使得成为一个整体。蜗壳21的后盖板212的安装凸缘2122上开设有第一螺钉孔2123，电机23的裙边233上开设有第二螺钉孔2331。优选的，电机23的第二螺钉孔2133直径为6mm，电机螺钉234的直径为M5，蜗壳21的第一螺钉孔2123直径为6.3mm，尼龙自锁螺母251的直径为M5。
安装电机23前，首先将防松环25固定在安装凸缘2122的上方，可以通过螺钉等方式连接固定。然后，将电机23从蜗壳21的进风口215处内由下至上推动，直至裙边23与安装凸缘2122抵接，再通过电机螺钉234穿过安装凸缘2122而与防松环25的尼龙自锁螺母251锁定。
在整个连接的过程，电机23通过电机螺钉234和防松环25紧连接。防松环25、电机23的裙边234和蜗壳21的后盖板212的安装凸缘2122之间为面接触，面接触对于电机23振动的传递有减弱的作用。
在该安装方式下，既可以保证整机和电机23安装的安全性，又保证电机23拆卸的便捷性。首先，在电机23安装安全性方面，采用尼龙自锁螺母251固定电机螺钉234，尼龙自锁螺母251是一种新型高抗振防松紧固零件，这是因为它的抗振防松性能大大高于其他各种防松装置，而且振动寿命要高几倍甚至几十倍。当前机械设备的事故有80％以上是由于紧固件的松动而造成的，而使用尼龙自锁螺母251就可以杜绝由于紧固件松脱所造成的重大事故。根据尼龙自锁螺母251本身的优势，电机螺钉234采用尼龙自锁螺母固定，可以保证即使电机23振动也不会松脱，保证整机上电机23即使在恶劣条件下的安全性，不会发生松脱的风险。
其次，电机拆装便捷性方面，将尼龙自锁螺母251固定在蜗壳21的后盖板212的上方，电机23从蜗壳21的进风口215处放置在蜗壳21的后盖板212处，确保了电机23安装的便捷性。
当需要进行风机系统2的拆卸时，先将手紧螺母221拆除，然后拆除叶轮22，再次拆除电机23。
参见图17～20，上述吸油烟机安装成顶出风的方式，当需要背出风时，将风机系统2与第二排烟管101连接。此时，在蜗壳21的后盖板212的第二出风口217处设置顶盖板26，将第二出风口217封闭。此时，第一出风口216将蜗壳21内部与吸油烟机外部连通，即第一出风口216处不再需要设置背盖板24，同时由于此时气流不需要转90°即可从第一出风口216排出，则不再需要设置导流装置4。
壳体1包括位于后侧的背板12，与顶出风类似的，壳体1的背板12上与第一出风口216对应的位置也可开设通孔(未示出)，以便气流流动，在第一出风口216处设置有第一出风罩31，第一出风罩31与现有的出风罩类似的，也具有止逆阀片311。两个第一出风口216共用一个第一出风罩31。墙体200位于第一出风罩31的后侧，墙体200上、与第一出风罩31对应的位置开设有穿孔201，第二排烟管101安装在第一出风罩31远离第一出风口216的一端、并且从开孔201穿设到墙体200后侧。在本发明中，第二排烟管102为方管，第一出风罩31为方转方的罩体结构。
综上所述，当吸油烟机使用顶出风时，导流装置4和背盖板24密封组装；当使用背出风时，采用顶盖板26密封。在整个拆换的过程中，顶盖板26和背盖板24均在蜗壳21的外侧，方便装配。
参见图10和图11，蜗壳21的后盖板212在靠近第一出风口216的位置向蜗壳21内部的方向翻边而形成有翻边孔2124，参见图12，导流装置4的顶部具有与翻边孔2124适配的避位孔42，用于给翻边孔2124避位。螺钉等可以第二出风罩32而进入翻边孔 2124锁定，从而将第二出风罩32和蜗壳21的后盖板212连接固定。翻边孔2124可使得与螺钉咬合的面积增大，从而使得第二出风罩32和后盖板212的连接更为稳定。
参见图13，以导流装置4远离蜗舌214一侧的底部并且朝向第一出风口216的后端为第一点A，以导流装置4靠近蜗舌214一侧的顶部并且远离第一出风口216的前端为第二点B，导流装置4安装状态下，AB连线为竖直线。
蜗壳21为钣金件，导流装置4为塑料件，两者组装在一起，形成一个在进风口215处进风、第二出风口217出风、其他区域为密封的内流场空间。也就是说，除了进风口215和第二出风口216有气流的流动，其他区域均无气流和外界的流动。这是为了避免蜗壳21气流压力外泄等造成不必要的气动噪声。
为了满足除了进出口215有气流和外界的交换，蜗壳21内其他区域均无气流的交换，在进行蜗壳21和导流装置4组装时，要求设计配合无缝隙。然而，导流装置4在蜗壳21内，装配空间受限；而且在蜗壳21上，由于和第二出风罩32、导流装置4等零部件有连接，螺钉孔等特征不可避免。如图11所示，后盖板212具有翻边孔2124或其他凸台等，这些凸出的结构对导流装置4的安装有明显的阻碍作用，安装空间非平面，导致无法达到安装到位或者造成安装不可靠，容易出现脱落的风险，密封性也无法满足。
为了保证零部件安装的安全性同时确保安装师傅等方便更换出风形式，本发明采用了一种新型的导流装置4的安装方法。上述的第一点A作为组装的旋转中心，由于A、B在一条竖直线上，所以导流装置4上的第一点A到导流装置4顶面最短距离为AB线段的长度，且该长度等于蜗壳21内侧的高度(前盖板21和后盖板22内侧之间的高度)。导流装置4在蜗壳21内的安装状态下，上、下、左、右四个面与蜗壳21相应位置贴紧。
导流装置4在进行组装时，包括如下步骤：
(1)参见图14，将导流装置4置于风机系统外并对准第一出风口216，将导流装置4上部向远离第一出风口216的方向倾斜一定角度，如在10°～60°之间，图14中为顺时针旋转到倾斜；
(2)导流装置4以步骤(1)得到的倾斜角度从蜗壳21的第一出风口216后侧向蜗壳21内部移动，当移动到导流装置4和蜗舌214接触时停止；
(3)在步骤(2)到达的位置处以第一点A为中心旋转导流装置4，旋转的方向为朝向蜗舌214，在旋转的过程中AB为最短距离，所以在旋转的过程中不会有其他零部件的干涉，直至旋转到翻边孔2124卡入避位孔42内，参见图15和图16；避位孔42优选的为腰型孔，腰型孔可以有三个，长度尺寸可以分别为13.5mm，12mm，9.5mm，而腰型孔半圆的直径为8mm，该三个腰型孔不大，同时又能满足导流装置4顶面的结构强度；如果孔较大，该顶面的结构接触面积小，强度较弱，无法满足强度要求。
导流装置4采用上述这种旋转方式安装，既可以保证导流装置4和蜗壳21完全配合保证其密封性，又可以保证导流装置4正常拆装。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种风机系统，包括蜗壳(21)、设置在蜗壳(21)内的叶轮(22)和用于驱动叶轮(22)旋转的电机(23)，所述蜗壳(21)包括前盖板(211)、后盖板(212)以及连接在前盖板(211)和后盖板(212)之间的环壁(213)，所述前盖板(211)上开设有进风口(215)，所述风机系统安装状态下，所述进风口(215)朝下，所述电机(23)包括电机本体(231)和设置在电机本体(231)外周的裙边(233)，其特征在于：所述电机(23)的裙边(233)由后盖板(212)朝向进风口(215)的一侧与后盖板(212)连接固定。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的风机系统，其特征在于：所述风机系统还包括防松环(25)，所述蜗壳(21)的后盖板(212)上开设有供电机(23)穿过的安装孔(2121)，所述安装孔(2121)的边缘向外周形成有环状的安装凸缘(2122)，所述防松环(25)固定在安装凸缘(2122)远离进风口(215)的一侧，所述裙边(233)与防松环(25)连接固定。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的风机系统，其特征在于：所述风机系统还包括尼龙自锁螺母(251)，所述尼龙自锁螺母(251)内嵌入防松环(25)内，所述裙边(233)通过电机螺钉(234)穿过安装凸缘(2122)而和尼龙自锁螺母(251)锁紧。
  4. 一种应用有如权利要求1～3中任一项所述的风机系统的吸油烟机，包括壳体(1)，所述风机系统设置在壳体(1)内，其特征在于：所述前盖板(211)、后盖板(212)和环壁(213)共同围成有第一出风口(216)，所述第一出风口(216)朝向后侧，所述后盖板(212)上开设有第二出风口(217)，所述第二出风口(217)朝上，所述第一出风口(216)和第二出风口(217)选择性地出风。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的吸油烟机，其特征在于：所述壳体(1)包括位于后侧的背板(12)，所述壳体(1)的背板(12)上与第一出风口(216)对应处设置有用于将风机系统与外部的排烟管连接的第一出风罩(31)，在蜗壳(21)的后盖板(212)的第二出风口(217)处设置顶盖板(26)，将第二出风口(217)封闭，从而形成背出风的结构。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的吸油烟机，其特征在于：所述壳体(1)的顶部与第二出风口(217)对应处设置有用于将风机系统与外部的排烟管连接的第二出风罩(32)，所述第一出风口(216)处设置有导流装置(4)，所述导流装置(4)具有迎向气流从而将气流从第二出风口(217)导出的导流面(41)，所述第一出风口(216)通过设置背盖板(24)封闭，从而构成顶出风的结构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的吸油烟机，其特征在于：所述背盖板(24)设置在蜗壳(21)的外侧。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的吸油烟机，其特征在于：所述蜗壳(21)的后盖板(212)在靠近第一出风口(216)的位置向蜗壳(21)内部的方向翻边而形成有翻边孔(2124)，所述翻边孔(2124)用于安装第二出风罩(32)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的吸油烟机，其特征在于：所述导流装置(4)的顶部具有与翻边孔(2124)适配的避位孔(42)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的吸油烟机，其特征在于：所述环壁(213)上形成有蜗舌(214)，以导流装置(4)远离蜗舌(214)一侧的底部并且朝向第一出风口(216)的后端为第一点(A)，以导流装置(4)靠近蜗舌(214)一侧的顶部并且远离第一出风口(216)的前端为第二点(B)，所述导流装置(4)安装状态下，第一点(A)和第二点(B)连线为竖直线，所述导流装置(4)上的第一点(A)到导流装置(4)顶面最短距离为第一点(A)和第二点(B)线段的长度，且该长度等于蜗壳(21)内侧的高度。
  11. 一种如权利要求10所述的吸油烟机的导流装置的安装方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    (1)将导流装置(4)置于风机系统外并对准第一出风口(216)，将导流装置(4)上部向远离第一出风口(216)的方向倾斜一定角度；
    (2)导流装置(4)以步骤(1)得到的倾斜角度从蜗壳(21)的第一出风口(216)后侧向蜗壳(21)内部移动，当移动到导流装置(4)和蜗舌(214)接触时停止；
    (3)在步骤(2)到达的位置处以第一点(A)为中心旋转导流装置(4)，旋转的方向为朝向蜗舌(214)，直至旋转到使得翻边孔(2124)卡入避位孔(42)内。
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