WO2022083795A1 - 一种金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物及其制备方法与在光催化降解有机污染物中的应用 - Google Patents

一种金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物及其制备方法与在光催化降解有机污染物中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2022083795A1
WO2022083795A1 PCT/CN2021/139074 CN2021139074W WO2022083795A1 WO 2022083795 A1 WO2022083795 A1 WO 2022083795A1 CN 2021139074 W CN2021139074 W CN 2021139074W WO 2022083795 A1 WO2022083795 A1 WO 2022083795A1
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porphyrin
metal
conjugated polymer
coordination
reaction
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French (fr)
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路建美
李娜君
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苏州大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G83/00—Macromolecular compounds not provided for in groups C08G2/00 - C08G81/00
    • C08G83/008—Supramolecular polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/1691—Coordination polymers, e.g. metal-organic frameworks [MOF]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
    • B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
    • B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
    • B01J31/1825—Ligands comprising condensed ring systems, e.g. acridine, carbazole
    • B01J31/183—Ligands comprising condensed ring systems, e.g. acridine, carbazole with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. phenanthroline
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
    • B01J2531/0238—Complexes comprising multidentate ligands, i.e. more than 2 ionic or coordinative bonds from the central metal to the ligand, the latter having at least two donor atoms, e.g. N, O, S, P
    • B01J2531/0241—Rigid ligands, e.g. extended sp2-carbon frameworks or geminal di- or trisubstitution
    • B01J2531/025—Ligands with a porphyrin ring system or analogues thereof, e.g. phthalocyanines, corroles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/10—Complexes comprising metals of Group I (IA or IB) as the central metal
    • B01J2531/16—Copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/34—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C02F2101/345—Phenols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of organic conjugated polymer functional materials, and at the same time relates to the field of photocatalytic oxidation, in particular to an organic conjugated polymer based on a porphyrin structure, a preparation method thereof, and a method for photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants in water bodies. application.
  • photocatalysis can convert clean solar energy into electrical energy and chemical energy, and at the same time generate a variety of active species under light conditions to degrade various organic pollutants in water and photooxidize them into non-toxic substances.
  • the photocatalytic technology can fully utilize sunlight at room temperature, has the advantages of low cost and no pollution, and has broad application prospects in the treatment of organic pollutants in water.
  • photocatalytic materials are mainly divided into two categories: inorganic semiconductors and organic photocatalytic materials.
  • inorganic semiconductor photocatalysts have the characteristics of good catalytic activity and wide application environment, most of them are metal-based semiconductor materials. These materials are not only expensive, but also aggravate metal ion pollution.
  • organic photocatalytic materials will become more ideal candidates in the field of photocatalysis because of their rich variety, easy regulation of molecular structure, and wide spectral response range.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a metal-coordination porphyrin-based conjugated polymer photocatalytic material and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively remove organic pollutants in water through photocatalytic reaction.
  • the organic photocatalytic material constructed by the present invention on the one hand, porphyrin has a large conjugated ring structure, and the formed conjugated polymer has a wide response range to the solar spectrum (200-800 nm); on the other hand, the introduction of coordinating metals improves the charge separation efficiency in the polymer, and at the same time exposes more metal active sites, generates more active species with stronger oxidizing properties, and enhances the photocatalytic performance of polymer materials. Photocatalytic degradation performance of organic pollutants.
  • the porphyrin-based conjugated polymer constructed in the present invention has the shape of a hollow nanotube, which promotes the adsorption of organic pollutants in water and the surface catalytic reaction thereof.
  • the present invention adopts the following specific technical scheme: a metal-coordination porphyrin-based conjugated polymer, the preparation method of which is as follows: in an inert atmosphere, metal-coordination porphyrin (MTAPP) and 4,7- Bis(4-formylphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) was polymerized by solvothermal reaction to obtain the final metal-coordinated porphyrin-based conjugated polymer (MTAPP-BT).
  • MTAPP metal-coordination porphyrin
  • BT 4,7- Bis(4-formylphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole
  • a method for removing organic pollutants in water comprising the following steps: (1) in an inert atmosphere, metal-coordination porphyrin (MTAPP) and 4,7-bis(4-formylphenyl)-2,1, 3-benzothiadiazole (BT) was polymerized by solvothermal reaction to obtain the final metal-coordination porphyrin-based conjugated polymer (MTAPP-BT); (2) the obtained metal-coordination porphyrin-based conjugated polymer was The photocatalytic material is added to the water containing organic pollutants and treated with light to achieve the removal of organic pollutants in the water.
  • MTAPP metal-coordination porphyrin
  • BT 4,7-bis(4-formylphenyl)-2,1, 3-benzothiadiazole
  • 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-nitrophenyl)-porphyrin is synthesized by using 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and pyrrole, and then the nitro group is reduced by a reducing agent in concentrated hydrochloric acid to obtain 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-nitrophenyl)-porphyrin.
  • the palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction between 4-formylbenzeneboronic acid and 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole is used to obtain 4,7-bis(4-formylbenzene) base)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole; preferably, the coupling reaction is carried out in a basic environment, a nitrogen atmosphere, and a solvent.
  • the metal-coordination porphyrin and 4,7-bis(4-formylphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole are used as raw materials, and the solvothermal method is used to obtain the Porphyrin-based conjugated polymer photocatalytic materials.
  • the molar ratio of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and pyrrole is 1:1 to 1.2, preferably 1:1;
  • the single solvent is propionic acid, and the catalyst is acetic anhydride, preferably propionic acid and acetic anhydride
  • the volume ratio is 10: 0.3 ⁇ 0.6, preferably 10: 0.4;
  • the temperature of the synthesis reaction is 140 ⁇ 160 ° C, and the time is 30 ⁇ 60 min; in the recrystallization step, the solvent is pyridine, and the temperature is 115 ⁇ 125 °C, the time is 60 ⁇ 90 min;
  • the dosage ratio of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-nitrophenyl)-porphyrin, concentrated hydrochloric acid and reducing agent is 2g:150 ⁇ 200 mL: 8-10 g, the reducing agent is stannous chloride, the reaction temperature is 70-90 °C, and the reaction time is 30-60 min; concentrated am
  • sodium carbonate or cesium carbonate is selected as the Lewis base to provide an alkaline environment, preferably cesium carbonate;
  • the molar ratio of 7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and 4-formylbenzeneboronic acid is 1:2 ⁇ 3, preferably 1:2.5;
  • the solvent is anhydrous toluene/absolute ethanol, the volume ratio It is 5:3 ⁇ 4;
  • the palladium catalyst is tetrakis(triphenylphosphino)palladium, and the amount is 18 ⁇ 22% of the weight of 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole; coupling reaction
  • the temperature ranged from 75 to 85 °C and the time ranged from 12 to 24 h.
  • the molar ratio of the metal-coordination porphyrin and 4,7-bis(4-formylphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole is: 1: 2 ⁇ 3, preferably 1: 2.5;
  • the solvent is o-dichlorobenzene/n-butanol, and the volume ratio is 1: 1;
  • the catalyst is the acetic acid solution of 3 ⁇ 6 mol/L, preferably 6 mol/L;
  • the temperature was 100-140 °C, and the time was 48-96 h; after the reaction was completed, Soxhlet extraction was used for purification operation, the solvents were dioxane and acetone, and the washing time was 12-36 h.
  • the organic pollutants are phenolic pollutants; the light treatment is visible light treatment or simulated visible light treatment.
  • the metal-coordination porphyrin-based conjugated polymer organic photocatalytic material disclosed in the present invention has the advantages of stable skeleton, abundant raw material sources, low cost, and diversified synthesis and modification methods.
  • the metal-coordination porphyrin-based conjugated polymer organic photocatalytic material disclosed in the present invention has the shape of hollow nanotubes, and the larger specific surface area provides a large number of active sites, thereby promoting its effect on organic pollutants in water.
  • the adsorption and surface catalytic reaction can improve the photocatalytic efficiency.
  • the metal-coordination porphyrin-based conjugated polymer organic photocatalytic material disclosed in the present invention has a wide light response range (200-800 nm), and is a good visible light photocatalytic material.
  • the metal-coordination porphyrin-based conjugated polymer organic photocatalytic material disclosed in the present invention has improved internal charge separation efficiency due to the introduction of coordinating metals, and exposes more metal active sites simultaneously, resulting in more and more oxidizing properties.
  • the active species enhance the photocatalytic degradation performance of organic pollutants.
  • Fig. 1 is the infrared spectrum of the metal-coordinated porphyrin-based conjugated polymer in Example 3 (a), Example 4 (b), Example 5 (c) and Example 6 (d).
  • Example 2 is a transmission electron microscope photograph of the metal-coordinated porphyrin-based conjugated polymer in Example 3(a), Example 4(b), Example 5(c) and Example 6(d).
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the effect of the copper porphyrin-based conjugated polymer (CuTAPP-BT) organic photocatalytic material obtained in Example 5 for degrading bisphenol A in water.
  • CuTAPP-BT copper porphyrin-based conjugated polymer
  • the preparation method of the metal-coordination porphyrin-based conjugated polymer is as follows: metal-coordination porphyrin (MTAPP), 4,7-bis(4-formylphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiazide Synthesis of oxadiazole (BT) monomer; then in inert atmosphere, the final metal-coordination porphyrin-based conjugated polymer (MTAPP-BT) was obtained by solvothermal reaction polymerization.
  • MTAPP metal-coordination porphyrin
  • BT oxadiazole
  • a metal-coordination porphyrin-based conjugated polymer photocatalytic material the preparation method of which is as follows: (1) First, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4- Nitrophenyl)-porphyrin, after recrystallization and purification, dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric acid to reduce the nitro group with a reducing agent to obtain 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-porphyrin; under nitrogen protection , 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-aminophenyl)-porphyrin reacts with metal acetate in a mixed solvent under reflux, and after recrystallization and purification, the corresponding metal-coordination porphyrin monomer is obtained.
  • Step (1) is as follows: under a nitrogen atmosphere, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde is added to the flask, and propionic acid and acetic anhydride are added thereto. Then heat up to 140 ⁇ 160 °C and reflux, add pyrrole to it, and continue the reflux reaction for 30 ⁇ 60 min, after the reaction was naturally cooled to room temperature, the precipitate was collected and washed with ultrapure water and methanol, and dried under vacuum. The obtained powder was dissolved in pyridine and refluxed for 30-60 After min, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C and placed in the refrigerator for 5–6 h.
  • the precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with acetone to obtain a dark purple solid powder; the dark purple solid powder was dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric acid, and a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution in which stannous chloride was dissolved was added dropwise. Stir at room temperature for 1–3 h, then stir at 70–90 °C for 30–60 min, and cool to 0 °C. The green solid was obtained by suction filtration, and the pH value was adjusted to 9-10 with concentrated ammonia water to obtain a crude product.
  • TAPP 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-porphyrin
  • TAPP 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-porphyrin
  • Step (2) is as follows: add aqueous cesium carbonate solution to a single-necked flask and degas with N 2 . Then, anhydrous toluene/anhydrous ethanol, 4-formylbenzeneboronic acid, 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and tetrakis(triphenylphosphino)palladium were added successively, Degas twice. The reaction was carried out under reflux at 75 ⁇ 85 °C for 12 ⁇ 24 h. After the reaction, the mixed system was poured into water and extracted with chloroform for three times. The organic solvent was removed by a rotary evaporator to obtain a crude product.
  • Step (3) is as follows: add metal-coordination porphyrin, 4,7-bis(4-formylphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiene into a 10 mL ground Shrek reaction tube in turn azole, o-dichlorobenzene/n-butanol, acetic acid as catalyst, ultrasonic dispersion 10 ⁇ 15 After degassing for 30 minutes, the reaction tube was placed at 100 ⁇ 140 The reaction was carried out under reduced pressure at °C for 48-96 h.
  • the raw materials involved in the present invention are all commercially available products, and the specific operation methods are all conventional techniques; unless otherwise specified, the preparations are all carried out in a conventional environment.
  • Embodiment 1 The present invention firstly synthesizes a metal-coordinated porphyrin monomer, and the specific steps are as follows: 11 g of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 300 mL of propionic acid and 12 mL of acetic anhydride are sequentially added to a 500 mL three-necked flask. Then, under a nitrogen atmosphere, the temperature was raised to 150 °C and refluxed, and 5 mL of pyrrole was added to it, and the reflux reaction was continued for 30 min. After the reaction was naturally cooled to room temperature, the black precipitate was collected, washed with ultrapure water and methanol, and vacuumed at 60 °C. Dry in the oven for 12 h.
  • the obtained powder was dissolved in 35 mL of pyridine, refluxed for 60 min, cooled to 0 °C and placed in a refrigerator for 6 h.
  • the precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with acetone until the filtrate was colorless to obtain a dark purple solid powder, which was dried in a vacuum oven at 60 °C for 12 h.
  • the crude product was purified by Soxhlet extraction with chloroform, and the organic solvent was removed by rotary evaporation to obtain a bright purple crystalline solid powder, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-porphyrin (TAPP). Dry in a vacuum oven at 60 °C. It can be seen from the infrared spectrum that 1616, 1510 and 1465 cm -1 are vibrational absorptions of the benzene ring and pyrrole ring, and 979 cm -1 corresponds to the NH stretching vibration in the porphyrin ring, which proves the existence of the porphyrin ring. The sharp peak at 3200-3400 cm -1 corresponds to the stretching vibration of the amino group.
  • Embodiment 2 Synthesis of 4,7-bis(4-formylphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) monomer, the specific steps are as follows: add 9 mL to a 100 mL single-necked flask 6 mol/L cesium carbonate aqueous solution and degassed with N 2 for 20 min.
  • BT 4,7-bis(4-formylphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole
  • Example 3 Preparation of porphyrin-based conjugated polymer (TAPP-BT), the specific steps are as follows: 33.0 mg of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4- Aminophenyl)-porphyrin, 34.5 mg 4,7-bis(4-formylphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, o-dichlorobenzene/n-butanol (1/1 by volume) , a total of 4 mL), 0.4 mL of 6 mol/L acetic acid aqueous solution as a catalyst, ultrasonically dispersed for 15 min, degassed for 30 min, the reaction tube was decompressed to 50 mtorr by an oil pump in a liquid nitrogen bath, and returned to room temperature at 120 °C.
  • TAPP-BT porphyrin-based conjugated polymer
  • the reaction was carried out for 72 h. After the end, it was naturally cooled to room temperature, and the precipitate was collected by filtration and washed three times with acetone, and then extracted with dioxane and acetone for 24 h to remove unreacted monomers. The final product obtained is the porphyrin group.
  • the conjugated polymer was dried in a vacuum oven at 100 °C for 12 h. Its infrared spectrum is shown in Figure 1(a), and its TEM photo is shown in Figure 2(a).
  • Example 4 Preparation of zinc porphyrin-based conjugated polymer (ZnTAPP-BT), the specific steps are as follows: 37.0 mg of 5,10,15,20-tetra(4 -Aminophenyl)-porphyrin zinc, 34.5 mg 4,7-bis(4-formylphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, o-dichlorobenzene/n-butanol (v/v 1 /1, total 4 mL), 0.4 mL of 6 mol/L acetic acid aqueous solution as catalyst, ultrasonically dispersed for 15 min, degassed for 30 min, the reaction tube was decompressed to 50 mtorr by oil pump in a liquid nitrogen bath, and returned to normal temperature at 120 mtorr The reaction was carried out at °C for 72 h.
  • Example 5 Preparation of copper porphyrin-based conjugated polymer (CuTAPP-BT), the specific steps are as follows: 36.0 mg of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4) were added to a 10 mL ground-mouth Shrek reaction tube in turn -Aminophenyl)-porphyrin copper, 34.5 mg 4,7-bis(4-formylphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, o-dichlorobenzene/n-butanol (volume ratio 1 /1, total 4 mL), 0.4 mL of 6 mol/L acetic acid aqueous solution as catalyst, ultrasonically dispersed for 15 min, degassed for 30 min, the reaction tube was decompressed to 50 mtorr by an oil pump in a liquid nitrogen bath, and returned to room temperature at 120 mtorr The reaction was carried out at °C for 72 h.
  • CuTAPP-BT copper porphyrin-based conjugated polymer
  • Example 6 Preparation of iron porphyrin-based conjugated polymer (FeTAPP-BT), the specific steps are as follows: 36.6 mg of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4) were sequentially added to a 10 mL ground-mouth Shrek reaction tube -Aminophenyl)-porphyrin iron, 34.5 mg 4,7-bis(4-formylphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, o-dichlorobenzene/n-butanol (v/v 1 /1, total 4 mL), 0.4 mL of 6 mol/L acetic acid aqueous solution as catalyst, ultrasonically dispersed for 15 min, degassed for 30 min, the reaction tube was decompressed to 50 mtorr by oil pump in a liquid nitrogen bath, and returned to normal temperature at 120 mtorr The reaction was carried out at °C for 72 h.
  • the base conjugated polymer was dried in a vacuum oven at 100 °C for 12 h. Its infrared spectrum is shown in Figure 1(d), and its TEM photo is shown in Figure 2(d). It can be seen from the infrared spectrum that the characteristic peak at 1000 cm -1 corresponds to Fe-N in the iron porphyrin-based polymer.
  • Example 7 Photocatalytic degradation experiment of bisphenol A in water by metal-coordination porphyrin-based conjugated polymer organic photocatalytic material: Weigh 25 mg of the above Example 3, Example 4, Example 5 or Example 6 The obtained porphyrin-based conjugated polymer organic photocatalytic material was placed in 50 mL of bisphenol A aqueous solution with a concentration of 15 mg/L, and stirred for 1 h in the dark to achieve the adsorption-desorption equilibrium. After equilibration, the prepared photocatalytic material was irradiated with a 300 W xenon lamp cold light source, and the degradation experiment was started, and 1 mL was sampled every 30 min.
  • the signal intensity at nm wavelength was calculated to obtain the concentration of bisphenol A in the corresponding water sample, and the residual concentration of bisphenol A in the corresponding water sample was obtained by referring to the standard curve.
  • 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the concentration and time of residual bisphenol A obtained by photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A in water using the copper porphyrin-based conjugated polymer organic photocatalytic material (CuTAPP-BT) obtained in Example 5. It can be seen that the removal rate of bisphenol A in the aqueous solution reached more than 99% after 60 minutes of illumination under the condition of adding CuTAPP-BT organic photocatalytic material and applying light.
  • Example 5 Compared with the photocatalytic effects of other porphyrin-based conjugated polymer organic photocatalytic materials obtained in Example 3, Example 4 and Example 6, the organic photocatalytic material obtained in Example 5 has the best effect.
  • Table 1 shows the removal rate of bisphenol A in the aqueous solution after 60 minutes of illumination with different catalysts using the same experimental method described above.
  • the invention discloses a visible light-responsive organic photocatalytic material based on a porphyrin structure conjugated polymer.
  • a visible light-responsive organic photocatalytic material based on a porphyrin structure conjugated polymer.
  • 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-porphyrin monomers were synthesized, and then the corresponding metalloporphyrin monomers were obtained by coordinating with metal acetate salts.
  • 4,7-bis(4-formylphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole monomer was synthesized by palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction.
  • a novel metal-coordinated porphyrin-based conjugated polymer organic photocatalytic material was obtained by polymerizing the metal-coordination porphyrin monomer and the benzothiadiazole monomer by a solvothermal method.
  • the hollow nanotube morphology of metal-coordination porphyrin-based conjugated polymers provides a large specific surface area and abundant active sites to promote the adsorption and surface catalysis of organic pollutants by the composite photocatalyst .
  • metal coordination introduces a large number of metal active sites, which can accelerate the intramolecular charge transfer and separation efficiency, thereby improving the photocatalytic efficiency.
  • the present invention constructs a metal-coordination porphyrin-based conjugated polymer organic photocatalytic material with visible light response.
  • This design is not only conducive to charge transfer and separation efficiency, but also improves the reduction of organic pollutants.
  • Molecular adsorption capacity while also providing a large number of surface metal catalytic active sites.
  • the copper porphyrin-based conjugated polymer organic photocatalytic material (CuTAPP-BT) prepared above showed effective degradation of bisphenol A in water.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物及其制备方法与在光催化降解有机污染物中的应用。本发明催化剂具有18π共轭骨架的、近乎平面的大环分子，具有稳定的刚性结构，非常稳定的高度共轭体系，使其具有优异的光电转化效率、吸收光谱范围广、氧化还原能力强以及良好的化学和热稳定性，金属配位卟啉作为活性中心，可以衍生出大量的衍生物，在光催化降解环境污染物等方面有着重要的应用价值。

Description

一种金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物及其制备方法与在光催化降解有机污染物中的应用 技术领域
本发明属于有机共轭聚合物功能材料领域，同时涉及光催化氧化领域，具体涉及一种基于卟啉结构的有机共轭聚合物、其制备方法及其在光催化去除水体中有机污染物中的应用。
 背景技术
随着全球工业的快速发展，人类向环境排放的大量有害物质，使全球生态环境受到了严重恶化，环境污染成为人类亟待解决的问题。光催化作为一种新型的清洁技术可以将清洁的太阳能转化为电能、化学能，同时在光照条件下产生多种活性物种用以降解水中的各种有机污染物，使之光氧化为无毒物质。利用光催化技术可以实现在室温条件下充分利用太阳光，具有低成本、无污染的优点，在水体中有机污染物治理方面有广泛的应用前景。
目前，光催化材料主要分为无机半导体及有机光催化材料两大类。无机半导体材料光催化剂虽然具有催化活性好、适用环境广泛等特点，但大部分都是金属系半导体材料，这些材料不仅成本高，还会加剧金属离子污染。相比较而言，有机光催化材料因为其种类丰富、分子结构易调控、光谱响应范围广等特点，在光催化领域中将会成为更理想的候选材料。
 技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物光催化材料及其制备方法，通过光催化反应实现水体中有机污染物有效去除的目的。本发明构建的有机光催化材料，一方面卟啉具有大的共轭环状结构，形成的共轭聚合物对太阳光谱有广泛的响应范围（200~800 nm）；另一方面配位金属的引入使聚合物内电荷分离效率提高，同时能暴露更多的金属活性位点，产生更多具有更强氧化性的活性物种，增强聚合物光催化材料对有机污染物的光催化降解性能。尤其是，本发明构建的卟啉基共轭聚合物具有中空纳米管的形貌，促进其对水体中有机污染物的吸附以及表面催化反应。
 技术解决方案
为达到上述目的，本发明采用如下具体技术方案：一种金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物，其制备方法如下：在惰性气氛中，将金属配位卟啉（MTAPP）及4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑（BT）通过溶剂热反应聚合得到最终的金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物（MTAPP-BT）。
一种去除水体有机污染物的方法，包括以下步骤：（1）在惰性气氛中，将金属配位卟啉（MTAPP）及4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑（BT）通过溶剂热反应聚合得到最终的金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物（MTAPP-BT）；（2）将所得的金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物光催化材料加入含有有机污染物的水中，光照处理，实现水中有机污染物的去除。
本发明中，利用4-硝基苯甲醛与吡咯合成得到5,10,15,20-四(4-硝基苯基)-卟啉，再于浓盐酸中利用还原剂还原硝基得到5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉，然后在氮气保护下，5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉与醋酸金属盐在混合溶剂中回流反应，得到金属配位卟啉（MTAPP）；具体的，利用4-硝基苯甲醛与吡咯在单一溶剂中、催化剂下合成反应得到5,10,15,20-四(4-硝基苯基)-卟啉，重结晶纯化后，溶于浓盐酸中利用还原剂还原反应得到5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉；在氮气保护下，5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉与醋酸金属盐在混合溶剂中回流反应，重结晶纯化后得到相应的金属配位卟啉单体。
本发明中，利用4-甲酰基苯硼酸、4,7-二溴-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑之间的钯催化偶联反应获得4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑；优选的，偶联反应在碱性环境、氮气氛围、溶剂中进行。
本发明中，以金属配位卟啉与4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑为原料，在催化剂下，通过溶剂热法获得所述卟啉基共轭聚合物光催化材料。
本发明制备金属配位卟啉时：4-硝基苯甲醛与吡咯的摩尔比为1∶1~1.2，优选1∶1；单一溶剂为丙酸，催化剂为乙酸酐，优选丙酸与乙酸酐的体积比为10∶0.3~0.6，优选10∶0.4；合成反应的温度为140~160 ℃，时间为30~60 min；重结晶步骤中，溶剂为吡啶，温度为115~125 ℃，时间为60~90 min；还原反应中，5,10,15,20-四(4-硝基苯基)-卟啉、浓盐酸、还原剂的用量比例为2g∶150~200 mL∶8～10g，还原剂为氯化亚锡，反应温度为70~90 ℃，时间为30~60 min；浓氨水作为pH调节剂，调节pH值至9~10；在金属配位步骤中，醋酸金属盐为一水合醋酸铜、无水醋酸锌或者醋酸铁水合物；5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉与醋酸金属盐的摩尔比为1∶2~4，优选1∶4，混合溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与三氯甲烷，优选N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与三氯甲烷的体积比为1∶1~3，优选1∶3，回流反应的温度为80~90 ℃，时间为12~36 h。
本发明制备4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑时，选择碳酸钠或者碳酸铯作为路易斯碱提供碱性环境，优选碳酸铯；4,7-二溴-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑与4-甲酰基苯硼酸的摩尔比为1∶2~3，优选1∶2.5；溶剂为无水甲苯/无水乙醇，体积比为5：3~4；钯催化剂为四（三苯基膦基）钯，用量为4,7-二溴-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑重量的18～22%；偶联反应的温度为75~85 ℃，时间为12~24 h。
本发明制备金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物时，金属配位卟啉与4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑的摩尔比为1∶2~3，优选1∶2.5；溶剂为邻二氯苯/正丁醇，体积比为1∶1；催化剂为3~6 mol/L的乙酸溶液，优选6 mol/L；溶剂热的温度为100~140 ℃，时间为48~96 h；反应完成后利用索氏提取进行纯化操作，溶剂分别为二氧六环和丙酮，洗涤时间为12~36 h。
本发明中，有机污染物为酚类污染物；光照处理为可见光处理或者模拟可见光处理。
 有益效果
本发明的优点：1. 本发明公开的金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物有机光催化材料，具有骨架稳定、原材料来源丰富、成本低廉、合成及修饰手段多样化等优点。
2. 本发明公开的金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物有机光催化材料具有中空纳米管的形貌，较大的比表面积提供了大量的活性位点，进而促进其对水体中有机污染物的吸附以及表面催化反应，提高光催化效率。
3. 本发明公开的金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物有机光催化材料具有广泛的光响应范围（200~800 nm），是一种良好的可见光光催化材料。
4. 本发明公开的金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物有机光催化材料，由于配位金属的引入，内部电荷分离效率提高，同时暴露更多金属活性位点，产生更多更具氧化性的活性物种，增强对有机污染物的光催化降解性能。
 附图说明
图1为实施例三(a)，实施例四(b)，实施例五(c)以及实施六(d)中金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物的红外图谱。
图2为实施例三(a)，实施例四(b)，实施例五(c)以及实施六(d)中金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物的透射电镜照片。
图3为实施例五所得铜卟啉基共轭聚合物（CuTAPP-BT）有机光催化材料降解水体中双酚A的效果图。
 本发明的实施方式
本发明中，金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物制备方法如下：金属配位卟啉(MTAPP)，4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑(BT)单体的合成；然后在惰性气氛中，通过溶剂热反应聚合得到最终的金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物(MTAPP-BT)。
一种金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物光催化材料，其制备方法如下：（1）首先利用4-硝基苯甲醛与吡咯之间合成得到5,10,15,20-四(4-硝基苯基)-卟啉，重结晶纯化后，溶于浓盐酸中利用还原剂还原硝基得到5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉；在氮气保护下，5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉与醋酸金属盐在混合溶剂中回流反应，重结晶纯化后得到相应的金属配位卟啉单体。
（2）在氮气保护下，利用4-甲酰基苯硼酸，4,7-二溴-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑之间的钯催化偶联反应获得4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑，并通过柱层析纯化。
（3）以金属配位卟啉与4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑为原料，在减压条件下，通过溶剂热法获得所述金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物光催化材料。
步骤（1）具体如下：在氮气氛围下，向烧瓶中加入4-硝基苯甲醛，再向其中加入丙酸和乙酸酐。然后升温至140~160 ℃回流，再向其中加入吡咯，继续回流反应30~60 min，待反应自然冷却至室温，收集沉淀物并用超纯水和甲醇洗涤，在真空下干燥。所得粉末溶于吡啶中，回流30~60 min后，反应混合物冷却至0 ℃，置于冰箱中5~6 h。过滤收集沉淀物，并用丙酮洗涤，得到暗紫色固体粉末；将上述暗紫色固体粉末溶解在浓盐酸中，向其中滴加溶有氯化亚锡的浓盐酸溶液。在室温下搅拌1~3 h，然后在70~90 ℃搅拌反应30~60 min，并冷却至0 ℃。通过抽滤得到绿色固体，并用浓氨水调节pH值至9~10获得粗产物。最后，利用氯仿索氏提取纯化粗产物，旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂得到亮紫色的结晶固体粉末5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉（TAPP），将产物置于真空烘箱60 ℃干燥；在氮气保护下，向单口烧瓶中加入5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/三氯甲烷，滴加溶有醋酸金属盐的20~25 mL甲醇溶液。接着80~90 ℃加热回流12~36 h，反应结束后自然冷却至室温，旋转蒸发有机溶剂浓缩至10~20 mL，倒入甲醇中重结晶，收集沉淀物并用超纯水和甲醇洗涤，获得金属配位卟啉单体（MTAPP，M=Cu、Zn、Fe），并在真空烘箱中60 ℃干燥12 h。
合成路线：
Figure 598673dest_path_image001
。
步骤（2）具体如下：向单口烧瓶中加入碳酸铯水溶液并用N 2脱气。然后，依次加入无水甲苯/无水乙醇，4-甲酰基苯硼酸，4,7-二溴-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑和四（三苯基膦基）钯，再连续脱气两次。75~85 ℃回流反应12~24 h，反应结束后将混合体系倒入水中并用氯仿萃取3次，利用旋转蒸发仪除去有机溶剂，得到粗产品。最后，通过柱色谱法纯化得到产物4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑，在真空烘箱中60 ℃干燥。柱色谱法纯化过程中固定相为硅胶，流动相为二氯甲烷/正己烷，体积比为10~6∶1。
合成路线：
Figure 153151dest_path_image002
。
步骤（3）具体如下：向10 mL的磨口史莱克反应管中依次加入金属配位卟啉、4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑，邻二氯苯/正丁醇，乙酸作为催化剂，超声分散10~15 min后脱气30 min，反应管置于100~140 ℃下减压反应48~96 h。反应完成后自然冷却至室温，过滤收集沉淀物分别用二氧六环以及丙酮索氏提取12~36 h以除去未反应的单体，在真空烘箱中100 ℃干燥12 h，获得的最终产物，即所述的金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物。
合成路线：
Figure 988252dest_path_image003
  。
本发明涉及的原料都是市售产品，具体操作方法都为常规技术；如没有特殊说明，制备都在常规环境中进行。
实施例一：本发明首先合成金属配位卟啉单体，具体步骤如下：向500 mL三口烧瓶中依次加入11 g 4-硝基苯甲醛，300 mL丙酸和12 mL乙酸酐。然后在氮气氛围下，升温至150 ℃回流，再向其中加入5 mL吡咯，继续回流反应30 min，待反应自然冷却至室温，收集黑色沉淀物，并用超纯水和甲醇洗涤，在60 ℃真空烘箱中干燥12 h。将所得粉末溶于35 mL吡啶中，回流60 min后，冷却至0 ℃并置于冰箱中6 h。过滤收集沉淀物并用丙酮洗涤至滤液无色，得到暗紫色固体粉末，置于60 ℃真空烘箱中干燥12 h。
将2.0 g上述暗紫色固体粉末溶解在125 mL浓盐酸中，向其中滴加溶有9.0 g氯化亚锡的25 mL浓盐酸，在室温下搅拌2.5 h，然后在80 ℃下反应30 min，并冷却至0 ℃。通过抽滤得到绿色固体，并用氨水调节调节pH值至9获得粗产物。最后，利用氯仿索氏提取纯化粗产物，旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂得到亮紫色的结晶固体粉末5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉（TAPP），将产物置于真空烘箱60 ℃干燥。红外光谱可以看出，其中1616、1510、1465 cm -1为苯环及吡咯环骨架振动吸收，979 cm -1对应卟啉环内N-H伸缩振动，证明卟啉环的存在。3200-3400 cm -1处的尖峰对应氨基的伸缩振动。另外从核磁图谱中可以看出，-2.73 ppm对应卟啉环内N-H，5.58 ppm的单峰对应苯环连接的NH2，7.00~7.2以及7.85~7.87 ppm的两个双重峰对应的苯环上的质子信号，8.89 ppm单峰对应吡咯β-CH，以上结果表明5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉的成功合成。
在氮气保护下，向单口烧瓶中加入0.3 mmol 5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉，30 mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺，90mL三氯甲烷，滴加溶有1.5 mmol醋酸金属盐（醋酸铜、醋酸锌或者醋酸铁）的20 mL甲醇溶液。85 ℃下回流反应24 h，结束后自然冷却至室温，旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂浓缩至15 mL，倒入甲醇中析出，收集沉淀物并用超纯水和甲醇洗涤，获得相应的金属配位卟啉单体（MTAPP，M=Cu、Zn、Fe），并在真空烘箱中60 ℃干燥12 h。相比于未配位的卟啉单体，金属配位卟啉的红外图谱中均出现了1000 cm -1的金属与氮原子之间的配位键M-N，这就证明了金属原子的成功配位。
实施例二：4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑（BT）单体的合成，具体步骤如下：向100 mL单口烧瓶中加入9 mL 6mol/L碳酸铯水溶液并用N 2脱气20 min。然后，依次加入25 mL无水甲苯和17 mL无水乙醇，1.25 g 4-甲酰基苯硼酸，1 g 4,7-二溴-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑和200 mg四（三苯基膦基）钯，再连续脱气两次，每次20 min。在氮气氛围下75 ℃回流反应12 h，反应结束后将混合体系倒入水中并用氯仿萃取3次，利用旋转蒸发仪除去有机溶剂，得到粗产品。最后，通过柱色谱法（柱色谱法纯化过程中固定相为硅胶，流动相为二氯甲烷/正己烷，体积比为8∶1）纯化得到的4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑，在真空烘箱中60 ℃干燥。产物红外光谱可以看出，其中1701 cm -1对应分子两端的醛基，1602 cm -1对应苯并噻二唑的C=N，1309，1213以及1164 cm -1对应苯环骨架的伸缩振动。另外从核磁图谱中可以看出，10.13 ppm对应分子两端醛基的两个质子信号，8.17~8.19以及8.07~8.09的两个双重峰对应与醛基相连的苯基的质子，7.91 ppm单重峰对应的苯并噻二唑中苯环上的质子信号，以上结果表明4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑的成功合成。
实施例三：卟啉基共轭聚合物（TAPP-BT）的制备，具体步骤如下：向10 mL的磨口史莱克反应管中依次加入33.0 mg 5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉、34.5 mg 4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑，邻二氯苯/正丁醇（体积比1/1，总量4 mL），0.4 mL 6 mol/L乙酸水溶液作为催化剂，超声分散15 min后脱气30 min，反应管在液氮浴下通过油泵减压至50 mtorr，恢复常温后在120 ℃下反应72 h。结束后自然冷却至室温，过滤收集沉淀物并用丙酮洗涤三次后，分别用二氧六环以及丙酮索氏提取24 h以除去未反应的单体，获得的最终产物，即所述的卟啉基共轭聚合物，在真空烘箱中100 ℃干燥12 h。其红外图谱如图1(a)所示，透射电镜照片如图2(a)所示。红外图谱可以看出，聚合后，3200~3400 cm -1处的氨基以及1700 cm -1处的醛基特征峰减弱，同时出现1602 cm -1属于C=N伸缩振动的特征峰，证明卟啉基共轭聚合物（TAPP-BT）的成功合成。透射电镜照片可以看出，本发明制备的卟啉基共轭聚合物呈现出中空纳米管的形貌。
实施例四：锌卟啉基共轭聚合物（ZnTAPP-BT）的制备，具体步骤如下：向10 mL的磨口史莱克反应管中依次加入37.0 mg 5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉锌、34.5 mg 4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑，邻二氯苯/正丁醇（体积比1/1，总量4 mL），0.4 mL 6 mol/L乙酸水溶液作为催化剂，超声分散15 min后脱气30 min，反应管在液氮浴下通过油泵减压至50 mtorr，恢复常温后在120 ℃下反应72 h。结束后自然冷却至室温，过滤收集沉淀物并用丙酮洗涤三次后，分别用二氧六环以及丙酮索氏提取24 h以除去未反应的单体，获得的最终产物，即所述的锌卟啉基聚合物，在真空烘箱中100 ℃干燥12 h。其红外图谱如图1(b)所示，透射电镜照片如图2(b)所示。红外图谱可以看出，1000 cm -1处特征峰对应锌卟啉基聚合物中的Zn-N。
实施例五：铜卟啉基共轭聚合物（CuTAPP-BT）的制备，具体步骤如下：向10 mL的磨口史莱克反应管中依次加入36.0 mg 5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉铜、34.5 mg 4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑，邻二氯苯/正丁醇（体积比1/1，总量4 mL），0.4 mL 6 mol/L乙酸水溶液作为催化剂，超声分散15 min后脱气30 min，反应管在液氮浴下通过油泵减压至50 mtorr，恢复常温后在120 ℃下反应72 h。结束后自然冷却至室温，过滤收集沉淀物并用丙酮洗涤三次后，分别用二氧六环以及丙酮索氏提取24 h以除去未反应的单体，获得的最终产物，即所述的铜卟啉基共轭聚合物，在真空烘箱中100 ℃干燥12 h。其红外图谱如图1(c)所示，透射电镜照片如图2(c)所示。红外图谱可以看出，1000 cm -1处特征峰对应铜卟啉基聚合物中的Cu-N。
实施例六：铁卟啉基共轭聚合物（FeTAPP-BT）的制备，具体步骤如下：向10 mL的磨口史莱克反应管中依次加入36.6 mg 5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉铁、34.5 mg 4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑，邻二氯苯/正丁醇（体积比1/1，总量4 mL），0.4 mL 6 mol/L乙酸水溶液作为催化剂，超声分散15 min后脱气30 min，反应管在液氮浴下通过油泵减压至50 mtorr，恢复常温后在120 ℃下反应72 h。结束后自然冷却至室温，过滤收集沉淀物并用丙酮洗涤三次后，分别用二氧六环以及丙酮索氏提取24 h以除去未反应的单体，获得的最终产物，即所述的铁卟啉基共轭聚合物，在真空烘箱中100 ℃干燥12 h。其红外图谱如图1(d)所示，透射电镜照片如图2(d)所示。红外图谱可以看出，1000 cm -1处特征峰对应铁卟啉基聚合物中的Fe-N。
实施例七：金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物有机光催化材料对水体中双酚A的光催化降解实验：称取25 mg上述实施例三、实施例四、实施例五或者实施例六中所得卟啉基共轭聚合物有机光催化材料，置于50 mL浓度为15 mg/L的双酚A水溶液中，先避光搅拌1 h，以达到吸附-解吸平衡。平衡后，使用300 W氙灯冷光源照射所制备光催化材料，开始降解实验，每隔30 min取样1 mL，采用高效液相色谱法，用紫外光检测器测试水样在280 nm波长下的信号强度，计算得到相应水样中双酚A的浓度，参照标准曲线，得到相对应水样中双酚A的残余浓度。附图3为利用实施例五所得铜卟啉基共轭聚合物有机光催化材料（CuTAPP-BT）进行光催化降解水体中双酚A得到的残留双酚A浓度和时间的关系图，从图中可以看出，在加入CuTAPP-BT有机光催化材料且施加光照的条件下，光照60分钟后，水溶液中双酚A的去除率达到99 %以上。相较于实施例三、实施例四以及实施例六所得的其他卟啉基共轭聚合物有机光催化材料光催化效果，实施例五所得有机光催化材料的效果最佳。表1为不同催化剂采用上述同样的实验方法，光照60分钟后，水溶液中双酚A的去除率。
Figure 388009dest_path_image004
。
本发明公开了一种基于卟啉结构共轭聚合物的可见光响应有机光催化材料。首先合成5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉单体，进而与醋酸金属盐配位获得相应的金属卟啉单体。接着利用钯催化偶联反应合成4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑单体。最后，通过溶剂热法将金属配位卟啉单体与苯并噻二唑单体聚合，得到一种新型金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物有机光催化材料。利用该材料进行催化反应时，金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物具有的中空纳米管形貌提供了大的比表面积和丰富的活性位点以促进复合光催化剂对有机污染物吸附和表面催化。同时，金属配位引入大量的金属活性位点，可以加速分子内电荷转移与分离效率，进而提高光催化效率。
综上所述，本发明构建了一种具有可见光响应的金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物有机光催化材料，这一设计不仅有利于电荷转移与分离效率，也提高了对有机污染物小分子的吸附能力，同时还提供了大量的表面金属催化活性位点。在催化性能方面，上述制备的铜卟啉基共轭聚合物有机光催化材料（CuTAPP-BT）表现出对水体中双酚A的有效降解。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物，其特征在于，所述金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物的制备方法如下：在惰性气氛中，将金属配位卟啉与4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑通过溶剂热反应得到金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物，其特征在于，利用4-硝基苯甲醛与吡咯合成反应得到5,10,15,20-四(4-硝基苯基)-卟啉，再于浓盐酸中还原反应得到5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉，然后在氮气保护下，5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉与醋酸金属盐在混合溶剂中回流反应，得到金属配位卟啉。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物，其特征在于，4-硝基苯甲醛与吡咯的摩尔比为1∶1~1.2；合成反应的温度为140~160 ℃，时间为30~60 min；还原反应中，还原剂为氯化亚锡，反应温度为70~90 ℃，时间为30~60 min；醋酸金属盐为一水合醋酸铜、无水醋酸锌或者醋酸铁水合物；5,10,15,20-四(4-氨基苯基)-卟啉与醋酸金属盐的摩尔比为1∶2~4；混合溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺与三氯甲烷；回流反应的温度为80~90 ℃，时间为12~36 h。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物，其特征在于，利用4-甲酰基苯硼酸、4,7-二溴-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑之间的钯催化偶联反应获得4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物，其特征在于，偶联反应在碱性环境、氮气氛围、溶剂中进行；偶联反应的温度为75~85 ℃，时间为12~24 h。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物，其特征在于，金属配位卟啉与4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑的摩尔比为1∶2~3；溶剂为邻二氯苯/正丁醇；溶剂热的温度为100~140 ℃，时间为48~96 h。
  7. 权利要求1所述金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物在降解水体有机污染物中的应用。
  8. 一种去除水体有机污染物的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    （1）在惰性气氛中，将金属配位卟啉（MTAPP）及4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑（BT）通过溶剂热反应聚合得到最终的金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物（MTAPP-BT）；
    （2）将所得的金属配位卟啉基共轭聚合物光催化材料加入含有有机污染物的水中，光照处理，实现水中有机污染物的去除。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述去除水体有机污染物的方法，其特征在于，以金属配位卟啉与4,7-二(4-甲酰基苯基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑为原料，在催化剂下，通过溶剂热法获得所述卟啉基共轭聚合物光催化材料。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述去除水体有机污染物的方法，其特征在于，有机污染物为酚类污染物。
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