WO2022048177A1 - 一种样本处理液及其应用 - Google Patents

一种样本处理液及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022048177A1
WO2022048177A1 PCT/CN2021/092090 CN2021092090W WO2022048177A1 WO 2022048177 A1 WO2022048177 A1 WO 2022048177A1 CN 2021092090 W CN2021092090 W CN 2021092090W WO 2022048177 A1 WO2022048177 A1 WO 2022048177A1
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sample
sample treatment
treatment solution
final concentration
optionally
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PCT/CN2021/092090
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English (en)
French (fr)
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易嘉乐
刘春艳
罗沛
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广东菲鹏生物有限公司
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Publication of WO2022048177A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022048177A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
    • G01N33/56983—Viruses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/5306—Improving reaction conditions, e.g. reduction of non-specific binding, promotion of specific binding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
    • G01N33/54386—Analytical elements
    • G01N33/54387—Immunochromatographic test strips
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/005—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from viruses
    • G01N2333/08—RNA viruses
    • G01N2333/11—Orthomyxoviridae, e.g. influenza virus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/005—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from viruses
    • G01N2333/08—RNA viruses
    • G01N2333/165—Coronaviridae, e.g. avian infectious bronchitis virus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of biotechnology. Specifically, the present disclosure provides a sample processing liquid and applications thereof.
  • RNA-enveloped virus is a large family of RNA viruses. Its RNA virions have lipid envelopes through which the virus can enter and exit target cells, thus having strong infectivity. Common influenza viruses and coronaviruses are RNA enveloped viruses.
  • the 2019 novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV, caused by the novel coronavirus pneumonia COVID-19 is the seventh known coronavirus that can infect humans.
  • Immunodetection is based on the immunological principle of antigen-antibody specific binding.
  • the commonly used methods mainly include immunochromatographic detection, ELISA detection, immunoturbidimetry or chemiluminescence detection. Because different samples have complex compositions and large changes, if they are not treated accordingly, non-specific reactions other than antigen-antibody binding are likely to occur, resulting in undesired or bad cross-reactions, which reduce the sensitivity of detection and are prone to occur. false positives, etc.
  • the immunological detection products currently on the market generally have the problem of low detection sensitivity, and there is a risk of missed detection.
  • the present disclosure provides a sample processing method in immunoassay, comprising: contacting a sample to be tested with a sample processing solution containing soluble magnesium salts.
  • the soluble magnesium salt in the sample treatment solution comprises at least any one of magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride.
  • the final concentration of the soluble magnesium salt in the sample treatment solution is 10-400 mM
  • the final concentration of the soluble magnesium salt in the sample treatment solution is 40-160 mM.
  • the final concentration of the soluble magnesium salt in the sample treatment solution is 80-160 mM.
  • the sample treatment solution further contains surfactant S9.
  • the final concentration of the surfactant S9 in the sample treatment solution is 0.1-1.5 (w/v)%;
  • the final concentration of surfactant S9 in the sample treatment solution is 0.25-1 (w/v) %.
  • the final concentration of surfactant S9 in the sample treatment solution is 0.5-1 (w/v)%.
  • the sample treatment solution further comprises at least any one of buffer, inert protein, sodium chloride, and nonionic surfactant;
  • the nonionic surfactant is at least any one of Tween 20, Tween 40, Pluronic F-127, Triton X-405, Triton X-100;
  • the final concentration of the nonionic surfactant in the sample treatment solution is 0.1-1.5 (w/v)%;
  • the final concentration of the nonionic surfactant in the sample treatment solution is 0.25-1 (w/v) %.
  • the final concentration of the nonionic surfactant in the sample treatment solution is 0.5-1 (w/v)%.
  • the sample is a sample containing the component to be tested
  • the component to be detected is an RNA virus
  • the RNA virus is an RNA enveloped virus
  • the RNA enveloped virus is at least any one of a coronavirus or an influenza virus, such as 2019-nCoV, SARS or influenza virus.
  • the immunoassay is an immunochromatographic assay, an ELISA assay, an immunoturbidimetric assay, or a chemiluminescence assay.
  • the present disclosure provides a sample treatment solution in the above-described method.
  • the present disclosure provides a sample processing solution for immunodetection, which contains soluble magnesium salts.
  • the soluble magnesium salt is at least any one of magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride.
  • the sample treatment solution of the present disclosure further comprises a surfactant S9.
  • the sample treatment solution provided by the present disclosure further comprises a nonionic surfactant.
  • the sample processing solution provided by the present disclosure further comprises at least any one of buffer, inert protein, and sodium chloride.
  • the buffer includes Tris-HCl, phosphate buffer, boric acid buffer, the buffer is used at a concentration of 10-50 mM, and the pH of the buffer is 8.0-9.5; and
  • the inert protein includes casein, BSA, and the final concentration of the inert protein in the sample treatment solution is 0.3-1 (w/v)%.
  • the present disclosure provides an immunoassay method, comprising: treating a sample with the above-mentioned method provided in the present disclosure, or treating the sample with the above-mentioned sample processing solution provided in the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure provides a detection kit or a detection test strip, which comprises the above-mentioned sample treatment solution provided by the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure provides a sample treatment solution containing soluble magnesium salts.
  • the sample to be detected is brought into contact with it, so as to improve the immune detection. sensitivity.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method for sample processing in immunoassay, whereby a sample to be tested is contacted with a sample processing solution containing soluble magnesium salts.
  • the soluble magnesium salt in the sample treatment solution comprises at least any one of magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride.
  • the sample can be any sample suspected of having components to be tested, without particular limitation, such as throat swab samples, oropharyngeal swab samples, nasopharyngeal swab samples, nasal mucus samples, Sputum sample, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sample, peripheral blood sample, plasma sample or serum sample; in one or more embodiments, the sample is, for example, but not limited to, a throat swab collection sample or a nasopharyngeal swab collection sample .
  • the sample to be tested is a sample containing a component to be tested; in one or more embodiments, the component to be tested is an RNA virus; in one or more embodiments, an RNA virus is an RNA enveloped virus; in one or more embodiments, the RNA enveloped virus is at least any one of a coronavirus or an influenza virus; in one or more embodiments, the RNA enveloped virus is, for example, 2019 -nCoV, SARS or influenza virus, but not limited thereto.
  • contacting the sample to be tested with the sample treatment solution includes, for example, adding the sample to be tested into the sample treatment solution, mixing well, and then adding it to an immunodetection tool (such as a sample pad in immunochromatography), such as Add the sample to be tested and the sample processing solution to the immunodetection tool (such as the sample pad in immunochromatography), for example, fix the sample processing solution in the immunodetection tool (such as the sample pad in immunochromatography) before adding Sample to be tested, or a combination of the above.
  • an immunodetection tool such as a sample pad in immunochromatography
  • Add the sample to be tested and the sample processing solution to the immunodetection tool such as the sample pad in immunochromatography
  • fix the sample processing solution in the immunodetection tool such as the sample pad in immunochromatography
  • the final concentration of soluble magnesium salts in the sample treatment solution is 10-400mM; in one or more embodiments, the final concentration of soluble magnesium salts in the sample treatment solution is 40-400mM 160mM; in one or more embodiments, the final concentration of soluble magnesium salts in the sample treatment solution is 80-160mM; in one or more embodiments, the final concentration of soluble magnesium salts in the sample treatment solution includes For example 10mM, 20mM, 30mM, 40mM, 50mM, 60mM, 70mM, 80mM, 90mM, 100mM, 110mM, 120mM, 130mM, 140mM, 150mM, 160mM, 170mM, 180mM, 190mM, 200mM, 210mM, 220mM, 230mM, 240mM, 250mM , 260mM, 270mM, 280mM, 290mM, 300mM, 310mM, 320mM, 330mM
  • the final concentration of the surfactant S9 in the sample treatment solution is 0.1-1.5 (w/v)%; In one or more embodiments, the surfactant S9 is used in the sample treatment solution.
  • the final concentration in the solution is 0.25-1 (w/v)%; in one or more embodiments, the final concentration of the surfactant S9 in the sample treatment solution is 0.5-1 (w/v)%; In one or more embodiments, the final concentration of the surfactant S9 in the sample treatment solution includes, for example, 0.1 (w/v)%, 0.15 (w/v)%, 0.2 (w/v)%, 0.25 (w /v)%, 0.3(w/v)%, 0.35(w/v)%, 0.4(w/v)%, 0.45(w/v)%, 0.5(w/v)%, 0.55(w/v)% )%, 0.6(w/v)%, 0.65(w/v)%, 0.7(w/v)%, 0.75
  • the sample processing solution further comprises at least any one of buffer, inert protein, sodium chloride, and nonionic surfactant.
  • the sample treatment solution further comprises a buffer; in one or more embodiments, the buffer includes, for example, Tris-HCl, PB (phosphate buffer), BB (boric acid buffer), CBS (carbonate buffer), but not limited thereto.
  • the buffer component is used at a concentration of 10-50 mM; in one or more embodiments, the buffer component is used at a concentration of, for example, 10 mM, 15 mM, 25 mM, 30 mM, 35 mM, 40 mM, 45 mM, 50 mM , but not limited to this.
  • the pH of the buffer is 8.0-9.5; in one or more embodiments, the pH of the buffer includes, for example, 8.0, 8.2, 8.5, 8.8, 9.0, 9.2, 9.5, but Not limited to this.
  • the sample processing fluid further comprises an inert protein; in one or more embodiments, the inert protein includes, for example, casein, BSA, but not limited thereto.
  • the final concentration of the inert protein in the sample treatment solution is 0.3-1 (w/v)%; in one or more embodiments, the final concentration of the inert protein in the sample treatment solution The concentration includes, for example, 0.3(w/v)%, 0.5(w/v)%, 0.8(w/v)%, 1(w/v)%, but not limited thereto.
  • the sample treatment solution further comprises sodium chloride; in one or more embodiments, the final concentration of sodium chloride in the sample treatment solution is 50-200 mM; in one or more In one embodiment, the final concentration of sodium chloride in the sample treatment solution includes, for example, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, and 200 mM, but is not limited thereto.
  • the sample treatment liquid further comprises a non-ionic surfactant;
  • the non-ionic surfactant can improve the hydrophilicity and wettability and reduce the surface tension of the liquid, which is beneficial to improve the detection of the components to be tested Signal, the specific effect needs to depend on the compatibility between the surfactant and other substrates;
  • non-ionic surfactants include, for example, Tween 20 (tween 20), Tween 40 (Tween 40 ), Pluronic F-127 (Pluronic F127), Triton X-405 (Triton 405), Triton X-100 (Triton 100), but not limited thereto.
  • the final concentration of the nonionic surfactant in the sample treatment solution is 0.1-1.5 (w/v)%; in one or more embodiments, the nonionic surfactant is The final concentration in the sample treatment solution is 0.25-1 (w/v)%; in one or more embodiments, the final concentration of the nonionic surfactant in the sample treatment solution is 0.5-1 (w/v) %; in one or more embodiments, the final concentration of the nonionic surfactant in the sample treatment solution includes, for example, 0.1(w/v)%, 0.15(w/v)%, 0.2(w/v)% , 0.25(w/v)%, 0.3(w/v)%, 0.35(w/v)%, 0.4(w/v)%, 0.45(w/v)%, 0.5(w/v)%, 0.55 (w/v)%, 0.6(w/v)%, 0.65(w/v)%, 0.7(w/v)%, 0.75(w/
  • the application of the sample treatment solution of the present disclosure in immunoassay in immunoassay.
  • the immunoassay of the present disclosure should be understood in a broad sense, which refers to the detection method by the specific binding of antigen-antibody, including, but not limited to, immunochromatographic assay, ELISA assay, immunoturbidimetric assay or chemiluminescence assay.
  • the sample processing solution of the present disclosure can be used for immunodetection of antigen or antibody responses.
  • an antigen-antibody reaction occurs with the protein at the labeled end and the coated end, thereby realizing the detection of the novel coronavirus.
  • the present disclosure provides the sample treatment fluid of any of the preceding embodiments.
  • the detection kit or test strip of the present disclosure includes the sample treatment solution in any of the foregoing embodiments.
  • the detection kit of the present disclosure should be understood in a broad sense, and it mainly refers to a tool carrying immunodetection-related reagents.
  • the detection kit may further include one or more supporting reagents, such as a coating solution, a diluting solution, a blocking solution, a washing solution, a color developing solution and a stop solution.
  • the test strip of the present disclosure includes an absorbent paper, a marker binding pad, a coating film, a sample pad and a bottom plate.
  • soluble magnesium salt means that for 1 g (ml) of magnesium salt, the solvent volume required for its dissolution is less than 100 ml, that is, soluble magnesium salt.
  • the concentration unit mM refers to mmol/L, and M refers to mol/L.
  • nonionic surfactant is a surfactant whose molecule contains an ether group that does not dissociate in an aqueous solution as the main hydrophilic group, and its surface activity is reflected by neutral molecules.
  • the coated nitrocellulose membrane is placed in a blast drying oven to dry at a drying temperature of 37° C. and a drying time of 2 hours to obtain a coated membrane.
  • base solution 1 0.5(w/v)% casein, 150mM NaCl, 25mM Tris-HCl, pH 9.0;
  • base solution 1-1 add 1.0 (w/v)% anhydrous sodium sulfate to base solution 1;
  • base solution 1-2 add 1.0 (w/v)% trisodium citrate to base solution 1;
  • base solution 1-3 add 1.0(w/v)% lithium chloride to base solution 1;
  • the above components were added dropwise to the blank sample pad as a sample treatment, and then assembled into an immunochromatography device after drying. During the detection, the new coronavirus quality control substance diluted by gradient was added dropwise to the treated sample pad.
  • the result is recorded as the reading value of the colloidal gold card.
  • the smaller the value the stronger the color development, indicating the higher the detection sensitivity.
  • base solution 2 0.5(w/v)% casein, 150mM NaCl, 80mM magnesium sulfate, 25mM Tris-HCl, pH 9.0;
  • Formula of base solution 2-1 add 0.5 (w/v)% Tween 20 to base solution 2;
  • base solution 2-2 add 0.5(w/v)% Tween 40 to base solution 2;
  • base solution 2-3 add 0.5(w/v)% Pluronic F-127 to base solution 2;
  • Formula of base solution 2-4 add 0.5(w/v)% Triton X-405 to base solution 2;
  • base solution 3 0.5(w/v)% casein, 150mM NaCl, 80mM magnesium sulfate, 0.5(w/v)% S9, 25mM Tris-HCl, pH 9.0;
  • Formula of base solution 3-1 add 0.5 (w/v)% Tween 20 to base solution 3;
  • Formula of base solution 3-2 add 0.5 (w/v)% Tween 40 to base solution 3;
  • base liquid 3-3 add 0.5(w/v)% Pluronic F-127 to base liquid 3;
  • the superior surfactant S9 obtained in Example 2 was used in combination with other surfactants.
  • the above-mentioned base solution was used as the sample treatment solution, and the usage method was the same as that of Example 1.
  • Base fluid 3-2 C2 C4 C7 C8 C9
  • Base fluid 3-3 C2 C4 C7 C8 C9
  • Base fluid 3-4 C2 C4+ C7 C8 C9
  • Base fluid 3-5 C2+ C3 C6 C8 C9
  • S1 sample treatment solution (S1 for short) is the same as that of COV-SP, except that magnesium sulfate is not added;
  • S2 sample treatment solution (S2 for short): the same as COV-SP, except that the concentration of magnesium sulfate in it was changed to 40mM;
  • S3 sample treatment solution (S3 for short): the same as COV-SP, except that the concentration of magnesium sulfate was changed to 160mM.
  • the detection sensitivity of the sample treatment solution with magnesium sulfate is about 1C higher; the amount of magnesium sulfate in the sample treatment solution is reduced to 40mM or increased to 160mM (ie, S2 and S3, respectively), the detection sensitivity is consistent with COV-SP; 100 throat swab samples from healthy people were taken for specificity verification, and no false positives were detected.
  • S4 sample treatment solution (S4 for short) is the same as COV-SP, except that 0.5(w/v)%S9+0.5(w/v)%Triton X-100 combination group is replaced by 1(w/v )%S9;
  • S5 sample treatment solution (S5 for short) is the same as COV-SP, except that the 0.5(w/v)%S9+0.5(w/v)%Triton X-100 combination group is replaced by 1(w/v )% Triton X-100;
  • S6 sample treatment solution (S6 for short) is the same as COV-SP, except that the concentration of S9 is changed to 0.25(w/v)%;
  • S7 sample treatment solution (S7 for short): the same as COV-SP, except that the concentration of S9 is changed to 1(w/v)%;
  • S8 sample treatment solution (S8 for short): the same as COV-SP, except that the concentration of Triton X-100 is changed to 0.25(w/v)%;
  • S9 sample treatment solution (S9 for short) is the same as that of COV-SP, except that the concentration of Triton X-100 is changed to 1(w/v)%.
  • COV-SP-B sample treatment solution (COV-SP-B for short): the same as COV-SP, except that 25mM Tris-HCl, pH 9.0 was changed to 25mM PB, pH 8.0; and
  • COV-SP-C sample treatment solution (COV-SP-C for short) is the same as COV-SP, except that 25mM Tris-HCl, pH 9.0 is changed to 25mM BB, pH 9.0.
  • Method 1 Use COV-SP as the sample diluent to dilute the 2019-nCoV quality control material in a gradient, mix well and add dropwise to the blank sample pad;
  • Method 2 COV-SP was used as the sample diluent (same as Method 1) and the sample pad treatment solution (same as Example 1) at the same time.
  • COV-SP is used as a sample treatment solution for detecting influenza virus (it can be influenza A virus, influenza B virus, influenza C virus, in this example, influenza B virus is taken as an example), and compared with the base solution 1 .
  • influenza virus it can be influenza A virus, influenza B virus, influenza C virus, in this example, influenza B virus is taken as an example
  • the method of using the sample treatment solution is the same as that in Example 1.
  • COV-SP was used as the sample treatment solution for the detection of SARS virus, and compared with the base solution 1.
  • the method of using the sample treatment solution is the same as that in Example 1.
  • sample processing method in detection provided by the present disclosure can be implemented industrially, and the sample processing solution provided by the present disclosure can also be mass-produced in industry, and they improve the sensitivity of immunodetection products.

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Abstract

本公开提供了一种样本处理液及其应用。本公开通过在样本处理液中添加盐类并联用两性表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂，能够有效提高免疫检测的灵敏度。

Description

一种样本处理液及其应用
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求于2020年09月03日提交中国专利局的申请号为202010916312.2、名称为“一种样本处理液及其应用”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及生物技术领域。具体而言，本公开提供了一种样本处理液及其应用。
背景技术
RNA包膜病毒是RNA病毒中的一大家族，其RNA病毒粒子外有脂质包膜，病毒可以通过包膜进出靶细胞，从而具有较强的侵染能力。常见的流感病毒、冠状病毒均属于RNA包膜病毒。2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV，引发的新型冠状病毒肺炎COVID-19)是目前已知的第7种可以感染人的冠状病毒。
免疫检测基于抗原抗体特异性结合的免疫学原理，常用的方法主要有免疫层析检测、ELISA检测、免疫比浊法或化学发光法检测。不同的样本因为其成分复杂并且变化较大，如果不进行相应处理则容易发生抗原抗体结合之外的非特异性反应，导致产生不期望的或不良的交叉反应，从而发生降低检测的灵敏度、易出现假阳性等情况。
以检测新型冠状病毒为例，目前市售的免疫学检测产品普遍存在检测的灵敏度较低的问题，有漏检的风险。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种在免疫检测中的样本处理方法，包括：使待检样本与含有可溶性镁盐的样本处理液接触。
在一种或多种实施方式中，样本处理液中的可溶性镁盐包含硫酸镁、氯化镁中的至少任意一种。
在一种或多种实施方式中，样本处理液中的可溶性镁盐的终浓度为10-400mM；
在一种或多种实施方式中，可溶性镁盐在样本处理液中的终浓度为40-160mM；以及
在一种或多种实施方式中，可溶性镁盐在样本处理液中的终浓度为80-160mM。
在一种或多种实施方式中，样本处理液进一步含有表面活性剂S9。
在一种或多种实施方式中，样本处理液中的表面活性剂S9的终浓度为0.1-1.5(w/v)％；
在一种或多种实施方式中，表面活性剂S9在样本处理液中的终浓度为0.25-1(w/v)％；以及
在一种或多种实施方式中，表面活性剂S9在样本处理液中的终浓度为0.5-1(w/v)％。
在一种或多种实施方式中，样本处理液还包含缓冲液、惰性蛋白、氯化钠、非离子表面活性剂中的至少任意一种；
在一种或多种实施方式中，非离子表面活性剂为吐温20、吐温40、Pluronic F-127、Triton X-405、Triton X-100中的至少任意一种；
在一种或多种实施方式中，非离子表面活性剂在样本处理液中的终浓度为0.1-1.5(w/v)％；
在一种或多种实施方式中，非离子表面活性剂在样本处理液中的终浓度为0.25-1(w/v)％；以及
在一种或多种实施方式中，非离子表面活性剂在样本处理液中的终浓度为0.5-1(w/v)％。
在一种或多种实施方式中，样本为含有待检成分的样本；
在一种或多种实施方式中，待检成分为RNA病毒；
在一种或多种实施方式中，RNA病毒为RNA包膜病毒；
在一种或多种实施方式中，RNA包膜病毒为冠状病毒或流感病毒中的至少任意一种，例如2019-nCoV、SARS或流感病毒。
在一种或多种实施方式中，免疫检测为免疫层析检测、ELISA检测、免疫比浊法或化学发光法检测。
本公开提供了上述的方法中的样本处理液。
本公开提供了一种用于免疫检测的样本处理液，其包含可溶性镁盐。
在一种或多种实施方式中，可溶性镁盐为硫酸镁、氯化镁中的至少任意一种。
在一种或多种实施方式中，本公开的样本处理液还包含表面活性剂S9。
在一种或多种实施方式中，本公开提供的样本处理液还包含非离子表面活性剂。
在一种或多种实施方式中，本公开提供的样本处理液还包含缓冲液、惰性蛋白、氯化钠中的至少任意一种。
在一种或多种实施方式中，缓冲液包括Tris-HCl、磷酸缓冲液、硼酸缓冲液，缓冲液的使用浓度为10-50mM，缓冲液的pH为8.0-9.5；以及
在一种或多种实施方式中，惰性蛋白包括酪蛋白、BSA，惰性蛋白在样本处理液中的终浓度为0.3-1(w/v)％。
本公开提供了一种免疫检测方法，包括：用本公开提供的上述的方法处理样本，或者使用本公开提供的上述的样本处理液处理样本。
本公开提供了一种检测试剂盒或检测试纸条，其包含本公开提供的上述的样本处理液。
具体实施方式
为提高现有免疫检测产品的灵敏度，本公开提供了一种含有可溶性镁盐的样本处理液，在与待检成分发生抗原抗体反应的免疫检测中，使待检样本与其接触，以提高免疫检测的灵敏度。
本公开包括以下至少一种实施方式：
在一种或多种实施方式中，本公开涉及一种在免疫检测中的样本处理方法，使待检样本与含有可溶性镁盐的样本处理液接触。
在一种或多种实施方式中，样本处理液中的可溶性镁盐包含硫酸镁、氯化镁中的至少任意一种。
在一种或多种实施方式中，样本可以是任何怀疑存在待检成分的样本，没有特别限定，例如咽拭子采集样本、口咽拭子采集样本、鼻咽拭子采集样本、鼻涕样本、痰液样本、肺泡灌洗液样本、外周血样本、血浆样本或血清样本；在一种或多种实施方式中，样本例如是咽拭子采集样本或鼻咽拭子采集样本，但不限于此。
在一种或多种实施方式中，待检样本为含有待检成分的样本；在一种或多种实施方式中，待检成分为RNA病毒；在一种或多种实施方式中，RNA病毒为RNA包膜病毒；在一种或多种实施方式中，RNA包膜病毒为冠状病毒或流感病毒中的至少任意一种；在一种或多种实施方式中，RNA包膜病毒例如为2019-nCoV、SARS或流感病毒，但不限于此。
本公开中，使待检样本与本公开提供的样本处理液接触包括例如将待检样本加入到样本处理液中混匀再加入至免疫检测工具(例如免疫层析中的样品垫)中，例如将待检样本和样本处理液分别加入至免疫检测工具(例如免疫层析中的样品垫)中，例如将样本处理液先行固定于免疫检测工具(例如免疫层析中的样品垫)中再加入待检样本，或以上形式的组合。
在一种或多种实施方式中，可溶性镁盐在样本处理液中的终浓度为10-400mM；在一种或多种实施方式中，可溶性镁盐在样本处理液中的终浓度为40-160mM；在一种或多种实施方式中，可溶性镁盐在样本处理液中的终浓度为80-160mM；在一种或多种实施方式中，可溶性镁盐在样本处理液中的终浓度包括例如10mM、20mM、30mM、40mM、50mM、60mM、70mM、80mM、90mM、100mM、110mM、120mM、130mM、140mM、150mM、160mM、170mM、180mM、190mM、200mM、210mM、220mM、230mM、240mM、250mM、260mM、270mM、280mM、290mM、300mM、310mM、320mM、330mM、340mM、350mM、360mM、370mM、380mM、390mM、400mM，但不限于此。
在一种或多种实施方式中，表面活性剂S9在样本处理液中的终浓度为0.1-1.5(w/v)％； 在一种或多种实施方式中，表面活性剂S9在样本处理液中的终浓度为0.25-1(w/v)％；在一种或多种实施方式中，表面活性剂S9在样本处理液中的终浓度为0.5-1(w/v)％；在一种或多种实施方式中，表面活性剂S9在样本处理液中的终浓度包括例如0.1(w/v)％、0.15(w/v)％、0.2(w/v)％、0.25(w/v)％、0.3(w/v)％、0.35(w/v)％、0.4(w/v)％、0.45(w/v)％、0.5(w/v)％、0.55(w/v)％、0.6(w/v)％、0.65(w/v)％、0.7(w/v)％、0.75(w/v)％、0.8(w/v)％、0.85(w/v)％、0.9(w/v)％、0.95(w/v)％、1(w/v)％、1.1(w/v)％、1.2(w/v)％、1.3(w/v)％、1.4(w/v)％、1.5(w/v)％，但不限于此。
在一种或多种实施方式中，样本处理液还包含缓冲液、惰性蛋白、氯化钠、非离子表面活性剂中的至少任意一种。
在一种或多种实施方式中，样本处理液进一步包含缓冲液；在一种或多种实施方式中，缓冲液包括例如Tris-HCl、PB(磷酸缓冲液)、BB(硼酸缓冲液)、CBS(碳酸盐缓冲液)，但不限于此。在一种或多种实施方式中，缓冲成分使用浓度为10-50mM；在一种或多种实施方式中，缓冲成分使用浓度包括例如10mM、15mM、25mM、30mM、35mM、40mM、45mM、50mM，但不限于此。在一种或多种实施方式中，缓冲液的pH为8.0-9.5；在一种或多种实施方式中，缓冲液的pH包括例如8.0、8.2、8.5、8.8、9.0、9.2、9.5，但不限于此。
在一种或多种实施方式中，样本处理液进一步包含惰性蛋白；在一种或多种实施方式中，惰性蛋白包括例如酪蛋白、BSA，但不限于此。在一种或多种实施方式中，惰性蛋白在样本处理液中的终浓度为0.3-1(w/v)％；在一种或多种实施方式中，惰性蛋白在样本处理液中的终浓度包括例如0.3(w/v)％、0.5(w/v)％、0.8(w/v)％、1(w/v)％，但不限于此。
在一种或多种实施方式中，样本处理液进一步包含氯化钠；在一种或多种实施方式中，氯化钠在样本处理液中的终浓度为50-200mM；在一种或多种实施方式中，氯化钠在样本处理液中的终浓度包括例如50mM、100mM、150mM、200mM，但不限于此。
在一种或多种实施方式中，样本处理液进一步包含非离子表面活性剂；非离子表面活性剂可以提高亲水性和润湿性并降低液体的表面张力，有利于提高对待检成分的检测信号，具体效果需要取决于表面活性剂与其他基质间的配伍性；在一种或多种实施方式中，非离子表面活性剂包括例如吐温20(tween 20)、吐温40(吐温40)、Pluronic F-127(普兰尼克F127)、Triton X-405(曲拉通405)、Triton X-100(曲拉通100)，但不限于此。
在一种或多种实施方式中，非离子表面活性剂在样本处理液中的终浓度为0.1-1.5(w/v)％；在一种或多种实施方式中，非离子表面活性剂在样本处理液中的终浓度为0.25-1(w/v)％；在一种或多种实施方式中，非离子表面活性剂在样本处理液中的终浓度为0.5-1(w/v)％；在一种或多种实施方式中，非离子表面活性剂在样本处理液中的终浓度包括例如0.1(w/v)％、0.15(w/v)％、0.2(w/v)％、0.25(w/v)％、0.3(w/v)％、0.35(w/v)％、0.4(w/v)％、 0.45(w/v)％、0.5(w/v)％、0.55(w/v)％、0.6(w/v)％、0.65(w/v)％、0.7(w/v)％、0.75(w/v)％、0.8(w/v)％、0.85(w/v)％、0.9(w/v)％、0.95(w/v)％、1(w/v)％、1.2(w/v)％、1.5(w/v)％，但不限于此。
在一种或多种实施方式中，本公开的样本处理液在免疫检测中的应用。本公开的免疫检测应做广义理解，其指通过抗原抗体特异性结合而进行的检测方法，包括例如免疫层析检测、ELISA检测、免疫比浊法或化学发光法检测，但不限于此。本领域技术人员应该理解，本公开的样本处理液可用于抗原或抗体反应的免疫检测。在一种或多种实施方式中，例如含新型冠状病毒的样本与本公开提供的样本处理液接触后，与标记端的、包被端的蛋白发生抗原抗体反应，实现了检测新型冠状病毒的作用。
在一种或多种实施方式中，本公开提供了前述任一种实施方式中的样本处理液。
在一种或多种实施方式中，本公开的检测试剂盒或检测试纸条，包括前述任一种实施方式中的样本处理液。本公开的检测试剂盒应做广义理解，其主要指承载免疫检测相关试剂的工具。在一种或多种实施方式中，检测试剂盒还可以包括一种或多种配套试剂，配套试剂例如包括包被液、稀释液、封闭液、洗涤液、显色液和终止液。本公开的检测试纸条包括吸水纸、标记物结合垫、包被膜、样品垫和底板。
实施例 下面主要结合具体实施例对本公开作进一步详细的说明。提供以下实施例以说明本公开的实施方案，并非意在限制本公开。本公开可以任选包括未通过实施例示出的实施方案。
具体实施方式中未详细描述的方法可参考本领域常规方法或厂家说明书；具体实施方式中未描述出处的试剂和仪器等均可通过商业化渠道获得。
本公开中，可溶性镁盐的定义是指对于1g(ml)镁盐，其溶解所需要的溶剂体积<100ml，即为可溶性镁盐。
本公开中，浓度单位mM是指mmol/L，M是指mol/L。
术语“非离子表面活性剂”是分子中含有在水溶液中不离解的醚基为主要亲水基的表面活性剂，其表面活性由中性分子体现出来。
标记
将可与待检成分发生抗原抗体反应的蛋白稀释后标记于30-80nm粒径的胶体金颗粒上，标记后加入BSA(牛血清白蛋白)，经离心弃上清后用保护液再溶解胶体金沉淀，将再溶解得到的胶体金滴加至玻璃纤维素膜并干燥，得到标记物结合垫。
包被
将可与待检成分发生抗原抗体反应的蛋白稀释后包被于硝酸纤维素膜，划膜参数1.0μl/cm。包被完成后将包被好的硝酸纤维素膜置于鼓风干燥箱中干燥，干燥温度37℃，干燥时间2h，得到包被膜。
组装
将标记物结合垫、包被膜与其他材料(底板、吸水纸、样品垫)组装，裁切成2.5mm宽，制成相应的免疫检测试纸条。
实施例1
基础液1的配方：0.5(w/v)％酪蛋白，150mM NaCl，25mM Tris-HCl，pH 9.0；
基础液1-1的配方：向基础液1中添加1.0(w/v)％无水硫酸钠；
基础液1-2的配方：向基础液1中添加1.0(w/v)％柠檬酸三钠；
基础液1-3的配方：向基础液1中添加1.0(w/v)％氯化锂；
基础液1-4的配方：向基础液1中添加1.0(w/v)％氯化镁；以及
基础液1-5的配方：向基础液1中添加1.0(w/v)％硫酸镁。
为探究本公开提供的样本处理液中的最佳盐成分，对以上几种盐类的性能进行了比较。
将上述成分作为样本处理液滴加至空白样品垫，待干燥后组装至免疫层析装置，检测时将经梯度稀释的新型冠状病毒质控品滴加至处理后的样品垫上。
结果记录为胶体金色卡读值，数值越小，即显色越强，说明检测的灵敏度越高。
结果如表1所示，向基础液1中添加可溶性镁盐时，检测的灵敏度得到了提高。
表1、实施例1的检测结果
质控品 1μg/mL 0.1μg/mL 25ng/mL 0.5ng/mL
基础液1 C3 C5 C8 B
基础液1-1 C2 C4+ C7 C9
基础液1-2 C3+ C4 C7 C9
基础液1-3 C3+ C4- C7+ B
基础液1-4 C2+ C3- C7+ C9
基础液1-5 C2+ C3 C6 C9
注：表中B为不显色。
实施例2
基础液2的配方：0.5(w/v)％酪蛋白，150mM NaCl，80mM硫酸镁，25mM Tris-HCl，pH 9.0；
基础液2-1的配方：向基础液2中添加0.5(w/v)％吐温20；
基础液2-2的配方：向基础液2中添加0.5(w/v)％吐温40；
基础液2-3的配方：向基础液2中添加0.5(w/v)％Pluronic F-127；
基础液2-4的配方：向基础液2中添加0.5(w/v)％Triton X-405；
基础液2-5的配方：向基础液2中添加0.5(w/v)％Triton X-100；以及
基础液2-6的配方：向基础液2中添加0.5(w/v)％S9。
为进一步探究本公开提供的样本处理液中的最佳表面活性剂组分，对以上几种表面活性剂的性能进行了比较。将上述基础液作为样本处理液，使用方法同实施例1。
结果如表2所示，向基础液2中添加表面活性剂S9时，检测的灵敏度较添加其他表面活性剂更高。
表2、实施例2的检测结果
质控品 0.1μg/mL 25ng/mL 5ng/mL 0.5ng/mL 0.1ng/mL
基础液2 C3 C6 C8 C9 B
基础液2-1 C3 C6+ C8+ C9+ C9-
基础液2-2 C3 C6+ C8+ C9+ C9-
基础液2-3 C3+ C5 C8 C9+ C9-
基础液2-4 C3+ C5 C8 C9+ C9-
基础液2-5 C3+ C5 C8 C9+ C9-
基础液2-6 C2 C4 C7 C8 C9
注：表中B为不显色。
实施例3
基础液3的配方：0.5(w/v)％酪蛋白，150mM NaCl，80mM硫酸镁，0.5(w/v)％S9，25mM Tris-HCl，pH 9.0；
基础液3-1的配方：向基础液3中添加0.5(w/v)％吐温20；
基础液3-2的配方：向基础液3中添加0.5(w/v)％吐温40；
基础液3-3的配方：向基础液3中添加0.5(w/v)％Pluronic F-127；
基础液3-4的配方：向基础液3中添加0.5(w/v)％Triton X-405；以及
基础液3-5的配方：向基础液3中添加0.5(w/v)％Triton X-100。
为进一步提高灵敏度，将实施例2中得到的优势表面活性剂S9同其他表面活性剂联用。将上述基础液作为样本处理液，使用方法同实施例1。
结果如表3所示，当表面活性剂S9与Triton X-100联用时检测的灵敏度得到了进一步提高，故将引入有硫酸镁并且联用表面活性剂S9及Triton X-100的样本处理液命名为COV-SP并进行后续的优化。
表3、实施例3的检测结果
质控品 0.1μg/mL 25ng/mL 5ng/mL 0.5ng/mL 0.1ng/mL
基础液3 C2 C4 C7 C8 C9
基础液3-1 C2 C4 C7 C8 C9
基础液3-2 C2 C4 C7 C8 C9
基础液3-3 C2 C4 C7 C8 C9
基础液3-4 C2 C4+ C7 C8 C9
基础液3-5 C2+ C3 C6 C8 C9
实施例4
S1样本处理液(简称S1)的配方：与COV-SP一致，除了其中不加入硫酸镁；
S2样本处理液(简称S2)的配方：与COV-SP一致，除了将其中硫酸镁浓度改为40mM；以及
S3样本处理液(简称S3)的配方：与COV-SP一致，除了将其中硫酸镁浓度改为160mM。
将COV-SP与本实施例的S1-S3配方进行对比。以上样本处理液使用方法同实施例1。
结果如表4所示，引入硫酸镁的样本处理液(即COV-SP)较未引入硫酸镁的样本处理液(即S1)检测的灵敏度高1C左右；样本处理液中将硫酸镁用量降至40mM或提高至160mM(即，分别为S2和S3)，其检测的灵敏度均与COV-SP一致；取100份健康人的咽拭子样本做特异性验证，均未检出假阳。
表4、实施例4的检测结果
质控品 1μg/mL 0.1μg/mL 25ng/mL 5ng/mL 0.5ng/mL 0.1ng/mL
S1 C1 C3 C4 C7 C9 B+
S2 C1+ C2+ C3 C6 C8 C9
S3 C1+ C2+ C3 C6 C8 C9
COV-SP C1+ C2+ C3 C6 C8 C9
实施例5
S4样本处理液(简称S4)的配方：与COV-SP一致，除了将其中0.5(w/v)％S9+0.5(w/v)％Triton X-100联用组替换为1(w/v)％S9；
S5样本处理液(简称S5)的配方：与COV-SP一致，除了将其中0.5(w/v)％S9+0.5(w/v)％Triton X-100联用组替换为1(w/v)％Triton X-100；
S6样本处理液(简称S6)的配方：与COV-SP一致，除了将其中S9浓度改为0.25(w/v)％；
S7样本处理液(简称S7)的配方：与COV-SP一致，除了将其中S9浓度改为1(w/v)％；
S8样本处理液(简称S8)的配方：与COV-SP一致，除了将其中Triton X-100浓度改为0.25(w/v)％；以及
S9样本处理液(简称S9)的配方：与COV-SP一致，除了将其中Triton X-100浓度改为1(w/v)％。
将COV-SP与本实施例的S4-S9配方进行对比。以上样本处理液使用方法同实施例1。
结果如表5所示，可以得到，单独用S9的样本处理液(即S4)或单独用Triton X-100的样本处理液(即S5)，其检测的灵敏度都不如二者联用的COV-SP。取100份健康人的咽拭子样本做特异性验证，均未检出假阳。
表5、实施例5的检测结果
质控品 1μg/mL 0.1μg/mL 25ng/mL 5ng/mL 0.5ng/mL 0.1ng/mL
S4 C1 C3+ C4 C7 C8- B+
S5 C1 C2 C4+ C7+ C8 C9
S6 C1+ C2+ C3 C6 C8 C9
S7 C1+ C2+ C3 C6 C8 C9
S8 C1 C2 C4+ C7+ C8- C9-
S9 C1+ C2+ C3 C6 C8 C9
COV-SP C1+ C2+ C3 C6 C8 C9
实施例6
COV-SP-B样本处理液(简称COV-SP-B)的配方：与COV-SP一致，除了将其中25mM Tris-HCl，pH 9.0改为25mM PB，pH 8.0；以及
COV-SP-C样本处理液(简称COV-SP-C)的配方：与COV-SP一致，除了将其中25mM Tris-HCl，pH 9.0改为25mM BB，pH 9.0。
将COV-SP与本实施例的COV-SP-B、COV-SP-C配方进行对比。以上样本处理液使用方法同实施例1。
将COV-SP-B、COV-SP-C同COV-SP对比，结果如表6所示，可以得到，用其他缓冲体系如磷酸缓冲液(PB)、硼酸缓冲液(BB)作为替代的样本处理液，其检测的灵敏度能达到与含有Tris-HCl的样本处理液一样的水平。
表6、实施例6的检测结果
质控品 0.1μg/mL 25ng/mL 5ng/mL 0.5ng/mL 0.1ng/mL
COV-SP-B C2+ C3 C6 C8 C9
COV-SP-C C2+ C3 C6 C8 C9
COV-SP C2+ C3 C6 C8 C9
实施例7
方式1：用COV-SP作为样本稀释液将新型冠状病毒质控品进行梯度稀释，充分混匀后滴加至空白样品垫；以及
方式2：将COV-SP同时作为样本稀释液(同方式1一样)与样品垫处理液(同实施例1一样)。
结果如表7所示，使用COV-SP与样本混匀后加入至免疫检测工具中，检测的灵敏度也能得到极大提高；以上两种处理方式叠加使用，检测的灵敏度是相当的。
取100份健康人的咽拭子样本做特异性验证，均未检出假阳。
表7、实施例7的检测结果
质控品 1μg/mL 0.1μg/mL 25ng/mL 5ng/mL 0.5ng/mL 0.1ng/mL
方式1 C1+ C2+ C3 C6 C8 C9
方式2 C1+ C2+ C3 C6 C8 C9
实施例8
将COV-SP作为检测流感病毒(可为流感A型病毒、流感B型病毒、流感C型病毒，在本实施例中以流感B型病毒为例)的样本处理液，与基础液1进行对比。样本处理液使用方法同实施例1。
结果如表8所示，将COV-SP应用于流感病毒的检测项目中同样能极大地提高检测的灵敏度。
表8、实施例8的检测结果
质控品 流感B型病毒/1K 流感B型病毒/5K 流感B型病毒/10K
基础液1 C4 C9 B
COV-SP C2+ C7 C8
注：表中B为不显色。
实施例9
将COV-SP作为检测SARS病毒的样本处理液，与基础液1进行对比。样本处理液使用方法同实施例1。
结果如表9所示，将COV-SP应用于SARS的检测项目中同样能极大地提高检测的灵敏度。
表9、实施例9的检测结果
质控品 5μg/ml 1μg/ml 0.5μg/ml 50ng/ml 10ng/ml 5ng/ml
基础液1 C2 C3 C4 C8 C9- B
COV-SP C1+ C1 C2- C6 C8 C9
注：表中B为不显色。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本公开的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，应理解的是，以上所述仅为本公开的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本公开提供的在检测中的样本处理方法能够在工业上实施，且本公开提供的样本处理液也能够在工业上批量生产，并且它们提高了免疫检测产品的灵敏度。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种在免疫检测中的样本处理方法，包括：使待检样本与含有可溶性镁盐的样本处理液接触。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述样本处理液中的可溶性镁盐包含硫酸镁、氯化镁中的至少任意一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述样本处理液中的可溶性镁盐的终浓度为10-400mM；
    可选的，所述可溶性镁盐在所述样本处理液中的终浓度为40-160mM；以及
    可选的，所述可溶性镁盐在所述样本处理液中的终浓度为80-160mM。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述样本处理液进一步含有表面活性剂S9。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，所述样本处理液中的表面活性剂S9的终浓度为0.1-1.5(w/v)％；
    可选的，表面活性剂S9在所述样本处理液中的终浓度为0.25-1(w/v)％；以及
    可选的，表面活性剂S9在所述样本处理液中的终浓度为0.5-1(w/v)％。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述样本处理液还包含缓冲液、惰性蛋白、氯化钠、非离子表面活性剂中的至少任意一种；
    可选的，非离子表面活性剂为吐温20、吐温40、Pluronic F-127、Triton X-405、Triton X-100中的至少任意一种；
    可选的，非离子表面活性剂在所述样本处理液中的终浓度为0.1-1.5(w/v)％；
    可选的，非离子表面活性剂在所述样本处理液中的终浓度为0.25-1(w/v)％；以及
    可选的，非离子表面活性剂在所述样本处理液中的终浓度为0.5-1(w/v)％。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述样本为含有待检成分的样本；
    可选的，所述待检成分为RNA病毒；
    可选的，所述RNA病毒为RNA包膜病毒；
    可选的，所述RNA包膜病毒为冠状病毒或流感病毒中的至少任意一种，例如2019-nCoV、SARS或流感病毒。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述免疫检测为免疫层析检测、ELISA检测、免疫比浊法或化学发光法检测。
  9. 权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法中的样本处理液。
  10. 一种用于免疫检测的样本处理液，其包含可溶性镁盐。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的样本处理液，其中，所述可溶性镁盐为硫酸镁、氯化镁中的至少任意一种。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的样本处理液，其中，所述可溶性镁盐在所述样本处理液中的终浓度为10-400mM；
    可选的，所述可溶性镁盐在所述样本处理液中的终浓度为40-160mM；以及
    可选的，所述可溶性镁盐在所述样本处理液中的终浓度为80-160mM。
  13. 根据权利要求10-12中任一项所述的样本处理液，其还包含表面活性剂S9。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的样本处理液，其中，所述表面活性剂S9在所述样本处理液中的终浓度为0.1-1.5(w/v)％；
    可选的，表面活性剂S9在所述样本处理液中的终浓度为0.25-1(w/v)％；以及
    可选的，表面活性剂S9在所述样本处理液中的终浓度为0.5-1(w/v)％。
  15. 根据权利要求10-14中任一项所述的样本处理液，其还包含非离子表面活性剂。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的样本处理液，其中，所述非离子表面活性剂为吐温20、吐温40、Pluronic F-127、Triton X-405、Triton X-100中的至少任意一种，非离子表面活性剂在所述样本处理液中的终浓度为0.1-1.5(w/v)％；
    可选的，非离子表面活性剂在所述样本处理液中的终浓度为0.25-1(w/v)％；以及
    可选的，非离子表面活性剂在所述样本处理液中的终浓度为0.5-1(w/v)％。
  17. 根据权利要求10-16中任一项所述的样本处理液，其还包含缓冲液、惰性蛋白、氯化钠中的至少任意一种。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的样本处理液，其中，所述缓冲液包括Tris-HCl、磷酸缓冲液、硼酸缓冲液，所述缓冲液的使用浓度为10-50mM，所述缓冲液的pH为8.0-9.5；以及
    所述惰性蛋白包括酪蛋白、BSA，所述惰性蛋白在样本处理液中的终浓度为0.3-1(w/v)％。
  19. 一种免疫检测方法，包括：用权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法处理样本，或者使用权利要求9所述的样本处理液或权利要求10-19中任一项所述的样本处理液处理样本。
  20. 一种检测试剂盒或检测试纸条，其包含权利要求9所述的样本处理液或权利要求10-19中任一项所述的样本处理液。
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