WO2022040922A1 - 一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具 - Google Patents

一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022040922A1
WO2022040922A1 PCT/CN2020/111102 CN2020111102W WO2022040922A1 WO 2022040922 A1 WO2022040922 A1 WO 2022040922A1 CN 2020111102 W CN2020111102 W CN 2020111102W WO 2022040922 A1 WO2022040922 A1 WO 2022040922A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hoisting
container
frame
spreader
cylinder
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Application number
PCT/CN2020/111102
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
苗林展
Original Assignee
苗林展
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Publication date
Application filed by 苗林展 filed Critical 苗林展
Priority to PCT/CN2020/111102 priority Critical patent/WO2022040922A1/zh
Publication of WO2022040922A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022040922A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G65/00—Loading or unloading
    • B65G65/23—Devices for tilting and emptying of containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C19/00—Cranes comprising trolleys or crabs running on fixed or movable bridges or gantries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a special unloading spreader for turning a container in the air and capable of automatically opening and closing the door of the container and adjusting the size of the opening, in particular to a special spreader for turning the container in the air for unloading.
  • the existing special container spreaders can only move horizontally and up and down to meet the needs of container loading and unloading operations.
  • the existing method is to use special lifting and unloading equipment to unload the container first, and then most of the unloading operations are carried out in the following ways.
  • Manual manual unloading directly, assistance such as belt conveyor or forklift.
  • Disadvantages low efficiency, long time, high labor intensity.
  • Hydraulic platform lifting equipment plus hydraulic platform; Disadvantages: large investment; fixed point unloading.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the above-mentioned technologies, and is designed to have high efficiency, environmental protection, reduced cargo damage, reduced labor intensity, and convenient movement with the cargo.
  • the container can be turned over in the air, and the door of the container can be automatically opened and closed and the size of the opening can be adjusted. It is a special spreader for turning over and unloading containers in the air.
  • a special hoisting device designed by the invention for inverting and unloading containers in the air includes a hoisting connector, a hoisting body and a telescopic device.
  • the two ends of the telescopic device are respectively connected with the hoisting connector and the hoisting body.
  • the distance between the bodies increases or decreases, the hoisting body is provided with a turning mechanism for hoisting the container, and the turning mechanism is used to turn the hoisted container to a horizontal, vertical or inclined shape, and a hoisting connecting part is provided on the hoisting connection. .
  • the telescopic device includes a telescopic element and a telescopic driving element that drives the telescopic element to perform telescopic action.
  • a telescopic element and a telescopic driving element that drives the telescopic element to perform telescopic action.
  • One end or hoisting connector connection One end or hoisting connector connection.
  • the telescopic element includes an outer tube and an inner tube, and the outer tube is sleeved on the inner tube.
  • the telescopic drive member includes a telescopic drive oil cylinder; the end of the inner tube is fixedly connected to the hoisting connector, the cylinder body of the telescopic drive oil cylinder is connected to the outer tube, and the telescopic rod is connected to the inner tube or the hoisting connector, and the hoisting body connected to the outer tube of the expansion piece, or
  • the end of the outer tube is fixedly connected with the hoisting connector, the cylinder body of the telescopic driving oil cylinder is connected to the inner tube, the telescopic rod is connected to the outer tube or the hoisting connector, and the hoisting body is connected to the inner tube.
  • the hoisting connection portion includes a hoisting hole connected with the rotary lock at the hoisting tool on the upper hoist equipment.
  • the overturning mechanism includes a first overturning oil cylinder, an overturning frame and a spreader; the spreader is fixed on the bottom surface of the lateral part of the overturning frame, and the end of the overturning frame is provided with a box door switch mechanism; between the inner side of the hoisting body and the outer side of the overturning frame An overturn bearing is provided; one end face of the rotating snare of the overturn bearing bearing is fixed with the outer side of the overturn frame, and the other end face of the rotating snare is fixed with the inner side of the hoisting body; On the hoisting body, the pin at the end of the piston rod is hinged on the flip frame, the bottom surface of the spreader is provided with a lifting point locking mechanism corresponding to the position of the lock hole at the corner of the top surface of the container, and the lifting point locking mechanism is inserted into the container lock. Lock the container after the action in the hole.
  • both ends of the top of the flip frame are respectively installed with a rope lifting mechanism for raising or lowering the spreader, and the lifting part of the rope lifting mechanism is fixedly connected with the end of the spreader; both rope lifting mechanisms include a lifting mechanism.
  • Oil cylinder, two guide horizontal pulleys, two beam vertical pulleys and two hoisting bearing ropes, the tail ends of the two hoisting oil cylinders are respectively installed on the top ends of the turning frame, and the two hoisting oil cylinders are distributed diagonally;
  • the vertical pulleys of the two beams are respectively rotatably installed on the supports at both ends of the outer beam at the top of the overturn frame, and the two guide horizontal pulleys are respectively rotatably installed on the two supports of the inner beam at the end of the top of the overturn frame;
  • One end of two hoisting load-bearing ropes is fixed at the end of the rod respectively, the other end of one hoisting load-bearing rope goes
  • the outer beams at both ends of the top of the overturning frame are covered with load-bearing mobile sleeves, and the supports for the vertical pulleys of the rotatable installation beams are fixed on the load-bearing moving sleeves, and one end of the outer beams at both ends of the top of the overturning frame passes through
  • the support is fixed with an adjustment oil cylinder; the adjustment oil cylinder and the outer beam of the overturning frame are arranged in parallel with each other, and the end of the piston rod is installed on the support outside the bearing moving sleeve.
  • the overturning frame is provided with an anti-swing buffer mechanism for preventing the container on the spreader from swinging;
  • the anti-swing buffer mechanism 54 includes a buffer jacket support 5401, a buffer compression spring 5402, a buffer beam assembly 5403 and a pressure bearing rubber support 5404.
  • the buffer jacket support 5401 is fixed on the inner beam 142, and the buffer jacket support 5401 is provided with a sleeve Tube 5405, a buffer sleeve 5406 is inserted at the bottom port of the sleeve, both ends of the buffer compression spring 5402 are fixedly connected to the sleeve and the buffer sleeve respectively, the bottom end of the buffer sleeve is fixed to the buffer beam assembly 5403, the buffer beam assembly 5403 The bottom surface of the fixed pressure bearing rubber support 5404.
  • the box door opening and closing mechanism includes an inversion frame and a second inversion oil cylinder installed at the end of the spreader, the top of the inclined plate on the top of the inversion frame is pin hinged with the end of the piston rod of the second inversion oil cylinder, and the top of the inversion frame is connected to the end of the piston rod of the second inversion oil cylinder.
  • the hinge seat at one end of the spreader is hinged with the pin shaft, and the corresponding two sides of the overturning frame are equipped with box door switch cylinders.
  • the box door lock lever driving device is used to rotate the box door lock lever, and the piston rod of the box door switch oil cylinder telescopically drives the box door lock lever driving device to turn inward or outward.
  • the box door lock rod driving device includes a positioning frame, two rotating shafts, two box door lock rod clamping devices and two lock rod rotary oil cylinders; After the positioning hole, it is hinged with the other end of the side wall of the positioning frame; the middle part of the positioning frame is provided with a partition plate to form two installation cavities, the upper and lower installation cavities, each box door lock rod clamping device is located in each installation cavity, and the upper part is installed.
  • the upper side wall and the lower side wall of one end of the cavity in the direction of the center line of the box door are provided with first arc holes corresponding to each other, and the upper side wall and the lower side wall of the end of the lower installation cavity in the direction of the hinge direction of the box door are both provided with There are second arc-shaped holes corresponding to each other, the position of the first arc-shaped hole and the position of the second arc-shaped hole correspond to the positions of the two locking rods on the box door respectively; the two ends of a rotating shaft are respectively inserted into the two first arc holes In the
  • the two-box door lock lever clamping devices include two clamping parts and a clamping oil cylinder, the two clamping parts are combined with each other to form a Y-shaped clamping assembly, and there is a through hole between the longitudinal part and the inclined part of the clamping assembly. And the holding component is sleeved on the rotating shaft through the through hole, one end of the cylinder of the holding oil cylinder is hinged with the top pin of the inclined part of one holding part, and the other end of the piston rod is pinned with the top pin of the inclined part of the other holding part.
  • the shaft is hinged; the inner sides of the bottom ends of the longitudinal parts of the two gripping pieces are provided with arc-shaped grooves that are circularly matched with the lock rod of the box door;
  • the two positioning grooves are respectively corresponding to the positions of the first arc-shaped hole and the second arc-shaped hole, and a position-limiting plate is arranged at the position of the arc-shaped groove on the holding member, and the position-limiting plate is inserted into the positioning groove.
  • the displacement limit mechanism for limiting the displacement travel of the rotating shaft in the lower installation cavity along the trajectory of the second arc-shaped hole;
  • the displacement limit mechanism includes a limit oil cylinder, a rotation limit plate, a limit support and The limit pin shaft;
  • the limit pin shaft is installed on the partition plate of the positioning frame through the limit support, and is located on the side of the second arc hole;
  • the rotation limit plate is sleeved on the limit pin shaft by its perforation;
  • One end of the cylinder body of the positioning oil cylinder is installed on the partition plate of the positioning frame through the oil cylinder support, and the end of the piston rod is hinged with the rotation limit plate; baffles, the two limit baffles are respectively located on both sides of the rotating shaft; the end of the rotating shaft protrudes from the second arc-shaped hole on the partition plate, and its end is located at the limit of the limiting baffle.
  • the overall structure of the container turning device that can automatically open and close the door of the container designed by the present invention can meet the requirements of the container tilting and unloading required by the "distribution to collection" transportation operation, so that the device has high loading efficiency and reduced manual operation intensity. And the technical effects of low cost, excellent environmental protection, less cargo damage, full container capacity, safety and operability, etc., are also suitable for various bulk cargo (grain, feed, coal, mineral powder, cement and stone, etc.) It is used by enterprises such as port wharfs, material storages, yard grain depots, etc.
  • the container door switch requires that when loading is required, the frame turning mechanism is used to tilt the container into a vertical state or a tilted state, and the container mouth is facing down.
  • the door can be automatically opened for unloading operation, thereby further realizing the non-manual operation of the container and the door switch, and achieving technical effects such as high-efficiency work, operational safety and controllable operation.
  • an automatic lock lever rotation mechanism is also added, so that when the container port that needs to be opened or closed is in a low position, after manually locking the handle on the automatic lock lever rotation mechanism, the automatic lock lever rotation mechanism automatically rotates the box through the lock lever handle.
  • the door lock lever is used to lock or unlock the lock head of the lock lever and the lock seat of the container, so as to achieve the technology of turning the lock lever manually without climbing to a high position if the container mouth is facing up after the loading is completed. The effect is to avoid the situation of manual climbing to a high position and the occurrence of safety accidents.
  • the rotation of the lock lever is automatically rotated to cooperate with the door switch device to further improve the work efficiency and operation safety when the container door is operated.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure in which the hoisting connector is separated from the hoisting body, and both the turning frame and the container are turned to be inclined;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram (1) of the overall structure in which the hoisting connector and the hoisting body are closed, and both the turning frame and the container are turned horizontally;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram (2) of the overall structure in which the hoisting connector and the hoisting body are closed, and both the turning frame and the container are turned horizontally;
  • Fig. 4 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the top view state
  • Fig. 5 is the structural representation of turning mechanism
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a flip frame
  • Fig. 7 is the structure schematic diagram (1) of the spreader of the overturning mechanism
  • Fig. 8 is the structure schematic diagram (2) of the spreader of the overturning mechanism
  • Fig. 9 is the structure schematic diagram (three) of the spreader of the overturning mechanism.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spreader of the overturning mechanism (four);
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram (1) of the lifting mechanism installed on the flip frame
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram (2) of the lifting mechanism installed on the flip frame
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a single hoisting mechanism
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of two lifting mechanisms
  • Figure 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a position adjustment mechanism composed of an adjustment oil cylinder
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of the anti-swing buffer mechanism (1)
  • Figure 17 is a schematic view of the structure of the anti-swing buffer mechanism (2);
  • Figure 18 is a schematic structural diagram of the anti-swing buffer mechanism (3)
  • Figure 19 is a schematic structural diagram (1) of a box door switch mechanism installed on a spreader
  • Figure 20 is a schematic structural diagram (2) of a box door switch mechanism installed on the spreader
  • Figure 21 is a schematic structural diagram (1) of the installation method of the handle of the lock lever of the box door;
  • Figure 22 is a structural schematic diagram (2) of the installation method of the handle of the lock lever of the box door;
  • Figure 23 is a schematic structural diagram of the installation method of the lock lever handle of the box door (3);
  • Figure 24 is a schematic structural diagram of the box door switch mechanism (1)
  • Figure 25 is a schematic structural diagram of the box door switch mechanism (2)
  • Figure 26 is a schematic structural diagram of the box door switch mechanism (three);
  • Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of the structure of installing the locking rod rotary oil cylinder and the locking rod holding device in the lower installation cavity, and the limiting device installed on the partition;
  • Figure 28 is a schematic structural diagram of the locking rod holding device at the second arc-shaped hole
  • Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the locking rod rotary oil cylinder and the locking rod holding device installed in the upper installation cavity;
  • Figure 30 is a schematic structural diagram of the locking rod holding device at the first arc-shaped hole
  • Figure 31 is a schematic view of the structure of the grip
  • Figure 32 is a schematic structural diagram of the limiting device (1)
  • Figure 33 is a schematic structural diagram of the limiting device (2)
  • Figure 34 is a schematic structural diagram of the lifting point locking mechanism (1)
  • Figure 35 is a schematic structural diagram (2) of the hanging point locking mechanism.
  • a special spreader for inverting and unloading containers in the air described in this embodiment includes a hoisting connector 100, a hoisting body 400 and a telescopic device 200.
  • the two ends of the telescopic device 200 are respectively connected with the hoisting connector 100 and The hoisting body 400 is connected, the telescopic device 200 drives the distance between the hoisting connector 100 and the hoisting body 400 to increase or decrease, the hoisting body 400 is provided with a turning mechanism 300 for hoisting the container, and the turning mechanism 300 is used to turn the hoisted container over.
  • the hoisting connecting part 100 is provided with a hoisting connecting part 101.
  • the telescopic device 200 includes a telescopic element 202 and a telescopic driving element 201 for driving the telescopic element to perform telescopic action.
  • the ends are respectively connected with the hoisting body 400 and the hoisting connecting piece 100
  • the two ends of the telescopic driving piece 201 are respectively connected with one end of the telescopic piece 202 and the other end of the telescopic piece 202 or on the hoisting connecting piece 100
  • the hoisting connecting part 101 includes a dock gantry crane, a container The hoisting hole connected to the rotary lock of the spreader hanging under the lifting equipment such as the reach stacker.
  • the hoisting connector adopts a frame frame structure, and a plurality of support cylinders 102 are arranged in the frame frame, and the two ends of the plurality of support cylinders are respectively fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the inner cavity of the frame frame, so that the lifting and hoisting process is performed.
  • the structural strength of the frame frame is large, and the power control mechanism can be installed in the large space of the inner cavity of the frame frame, such as diesel generator set or battery power supply assembly, or one of the oil-electric power mechanism and hydraulic control mechanism, electrical control mechanism of one of the power frequency external power supplies.
  • the hanging point locking shaft mechanism 12 When fixed, the position of the hanging point locking shaft mechanism 12 on the hanger and the hoisting hole, the hanging point locking shaft mechanism 12 consists of the hanging point rotating lock shaft 121, the lock shaft rotating handle 122, the rotary lock cylinder pin shaft 123, and the rotary lock cylinder assembly. 124.
  • the rotary lock cylinder support 125 and the lock shaft angle pointer 126 are composed.
  • the lifting point rotation lock shaft 121 is inserted into the hoisting hole, and under the action of the rotation lock cylinder assembly 124, the lifting point rotation lock shaft 121 is rotated through the rotation lock cylinder pin shaft 123 and the lock shaft rotation handle 122, and the hook of the lifting point rotation lock shaft is locked.
  • the hoisting hole and the lock shaft angle pointer 126 can indicate the combination of the two sides.
  • telescopic devices are installed at the four corners of the bottom surface of the frame frame to enhance the strength of the whole special sling.
  • the telescopic element 200 includes an outer pipe 2022 and an inner pipe 2021, and the outer pipe 2022 is sleeved on the inner pipe 2021;
  • the telescopic driving element 201 includes a telescopic driving oil cylinder; the end of the inner pipe is fixedly connected to the hoisting connector, and the telescopic driving oil cylinder
  • the cylinder body is connected to the outer pipe, the telescopic rod is connected to the inner pipe or the hoisting connecting piece, and the hoisting body is connected to the outer pipe of the telescopic piece. Its structure utilizes the telescopic rod of the telescopic drive cylinder to expand and retract to drive the hoisting connector and the hoisting body to close or separate up and down.
  • the hoisting connector and the hoisting body can be closed to reduce the volume of the overall special spreader.
  • the hoisting connector and the hoisting body can be closed to reduce the volume of the overall special spreader.
  • the use performance is improved, and the arrangement of the telescopic parts makes the hoisting connector and the hoisting body stable and reliable during the closing and separating actions.
  • the overturning mechanism 300 includes two first overturning oil cylinders 71 , two hoisting bodies 21 spaced apart from each other, a turning frame 22 and a hanger 110 located between the two hoisting bodies 21 ; the hanger 110 is fixed to the turning frame 22
  • the bottom surface of the transverse part of the hopper 1 is above it, and one end of the hopper 1 fixes the box door switch mechanism 113; between the inner side of the hoisting body 21 and the outer side of the overturn frame 22 is provided with a reversing bearing 73; It is fixed with the outer side of the turning frame 22, and one end face of the other rotating snare is fixed with the inner side of the hoisting body 21;
  • the end of the piston rod is hinged on the hinged support at the bottom of the flip frame 22, and the bottom surface of the spreader 110 is fixed with four lifting point locking mechanisms 12 corresponding to the positions of the locking holes at the four corners of the top surface of the container, In addition, the lifting point locking mechanism 12 is inserted into the container locking hole
  • the sling 110 is carried by the sling 111 , the longitudinal beams 112 on both sides of the sling, the middle connecting beam 113 , the beam 114 near the box door, the beam 115 near the box end, the longitudinal beam 116 in the middle of the protective box, and the overturning locking stop 117 It is composed of the end beam structure 118 of the spreader.
  • the hoisting point 111 of the spreader is the node connecting the container turning host, and it is also the maximum stress point of all components and the load of the fully loaded container, and needs to meet the requirements of strength and rigidity.
  • the box door switch mechanism 2 is installed near the box door beam 114 and the spreader end beam structure 118 on the side.
  • the flip locking baffles 117 provided on the longitudinal beams 112 on both sides of the spreader are the locking structures when the main structure of the spreader is flipped vertically. Both ends of the end beam structures 118 of the two spreaders are installed with the lifting point locking mechanism 12, and the four corners of the bottom surface of the spreader are provided with lifting point locking mechanisms, and each lifting point locking mechanism is respectively connected with the container.
  • the lifting point locking shaft mechanism 12 consists of a lifting point rotating lock shaft 121, a lock shaft rotating handle 122, a rotating lock cylinder pin shaft 123, a rotating lock cylinder assembly 124, and a rotating lock cylinder support 125 It is composed of lock shaft angle pointer 126.
  • the lifting point rotation lock shaft 121 is inserted into the lock holes at the four corners of the top of the container.
  • the lifting point rotation lock shaft 121 is rotated through the rotation lock cylinder pin shaft 123 and the lock shaft rotation handle 122, and the lifting point Rotate the hook of the lock shaft to lock the container, and the lock shaft angle pointer 126 can indicate the combination status of the two sides.
  • the pin at the end of the piston rod of the first overturning oil cylinder is hinged on the hinged support on the bottom of the overturning frame close to the outer end.
  • the overturning frame is in a horizontal state, and the first The overturning cylinder and the overturning frame are parallel to each other; however, when an vacant container is positioned on the overturning frame, the piston rod of the first overturning cylinder retracts, and then pulls the outer end of the overturning frame to rotate downward, while the inner end of the overturning frame rotates upward, After this operation, the container is turned over to a vertical state or a tilted state, so that the opening of the container is facing down, and the box door switch mechanism will open the downward box door for unloading.
  • the top of the container rotates downward, and the bottom of the container rotates upward until the container is in a horizontal state again, and then people lock the door panel, and the door switch mechanism is also detached from the door panel.
  • its operation fully meets the container's turnover requirements, and The design of this structure satisfies the load-bearing requirements and structural strength requirements when the container is turned over.
  • the above-mentioned first turning cylinder adopts a large-diameter, high-pressure and high-strength push rod oil cylinder. locked state.
  • both ends of the top of the flip frame 22 are respectively installed with a rope lifting mechanism 9 for raising or lowering the spreader 110, and the lifting part of the rope lifting mechanism 9 is fixedly connected to the end of the spreader;
  • the lifting mechanism 9 includes a lifting oil cylinder 91, two guide horizontal pulleys 94, two horizontal beam vertical pulleys 95 and two lifting bearing ropes 96.
  • the cylinder ends of the two lifting oil cylinders are respectively fixed by bolts on the inner side of the two ends of the top of the flip frame.
  • the vertical pulleys of the two beams are respectively rotatably installed on the supports at both ends of the beam on the end side of the top of the overturning frame, and the two guide horizontal pulleys are respectively rotatably installed on the overturning frame
  • the two supports 92 of the inner beam at the end of the top one end of the two hoisting load-bearing ropes forms a ring sleeve and is pressed and fixed on the piston rod end fixing piece of the hoisting cylinder by bolts, and the other end of one hoisting load-bearing rope goes around
  • a cross beam vertical pulley is fixedly connected to the end of the spreader, and the other end of a hoisting load rope goes around two guide horizontal pulleys and a cross beam vertical pulley in turn and is fixedly connected to the end of the spreader;
  • There is a support plate 96 the support plate is fixed on the top of the overturning frame, the end of
  • the outer cross beams 141 at both ends of the top of the flip frame 14 are covered with bearing moving sleeves 42 , and the supports for rotatably installing the vertical pulleys of the cross beams are fixed on the carrying moving sleeves, and the two ends of the top of the flip frame are
  • One end of the outer beam 141 is fixed with an adjustment cylinder 41 through a support;
  • the adjustment cylinder 41 and the outer beam 141 of the overturning frame 14 are arranged in parallel with each other, and the end of the piston rod is mounted on the support outside the bearing moving sleeve;
  • two adjustment cylinders 41 It is arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides, so that when adjusting the action of the oil cylinder, the bearing mobile casing can be moved left and right, and then the spreader 6 is driven to move left and right through the rope 36 in the hoisting mechanism 3, which further drives the spreader for hoisting the container to adjust its position.
  • the piston rod of the adjustment oil cylinder after the piston rod of the adjustment oil cylinder is extended and
  • an anti-swing buffer mechanism is provided on the inner beams 142 at both ends of the top of the flip frame, and the anti-swing buffer mechanism (54) includes a buffer jacket support 5401, a buffer compression spring 5402, a buffer beam assembly 5403 and a pressure bearing rubber support 5404.
  • the buffer jacket support 5401 is fixed on the inner beam 142
  • the buffer jacket support 5401 is provided with a sleeve 5405
  • a buffer sleeve 5406 is inserted at the bottom port of the sleeve
  • the two ends of the buffer compression spring 5402 are respectively connected with the sleeve and the buffer.
  • the sleeves are fixedly connected, the bottom end of the buffer sleeve is fixed with the buffer beam assembly 5403 , and the bottom surface of the buffer beam assembly 5403 is fixed with the pressure bearing rubber support 5404 .
  • the spreader 110 When the spreader 110 is driven up by the telescopic hoisting mechanism, its top surface contacts and lifts the buffer beam assembly 5403 and the pressure-bearing rubber support 5404, urging the buffer compression spring 5402 to be fully compressed, and at the same time, the self-locking of the oil cylinder driven by the telescopic hoisting mechanism is performed. Locked, so that under the reaction force of the buffering compression spring 5402, the spreader 110 and the container can stop erratically swinging from side to side, and play a role of anti-swing and buffering.
  • a hinge seat 214 is fixed on the side of the spreader end beam structure 118 on the spreader 110, and the box door opening and closing mechanism includes a flip frame 212 and a second flip cylinder 211 installed at one end of the hanger.
  • the top of the plate 215 is hinged with the end of the piston rod of the second overturning oil cylinder, the top of the overturning frame is hinged with the hinge seat 214 at one end of the spreader, and boxes are installed on the corresponding left and right sides of the overturning frame.
  • the door switch oil cylinder 221, the end of the piston rod of the two container door switch oil cylinders 221 is hinged with a pin shaft and a container door lock rod driving device 22, which locks the container door lock rod of the container and causes the container door lock rod to rotate.
  • the piston rod of the switch oil cylinder 221 telescopically drives the box door lock rod drive device 22 to turn inward or outward.
  • the box door switch oil cylinders are set to four, and two by two groups are hinged on the oil cylinder supports 222 on the left and right sides of the flip frame through the oil cylinder pins 223 respectively.
  • the box door switch oil cylinders 221 Loosely hinged with the long hole 2241 on the positioning frame 224 through the tank door cylinder pin 223 of the cylinder head.
  • the box door lock lever driving device 22 includes a positioning frame 224, two rotating shafts 26, two box door lock lever holding devices 23 and two lock lever rotation cylinders 234; After passing through the positioning elongated hole at one end of the side wall of the positioning frame, it is hinged with the other end of the side wall of the positioning frame 224; in the middle of the positioning frame body, two upper and lower installation cavities 228 are formed by setting the partition plate 225, and each box door lock rod holds the upper and lower mounting cavities 228.
  • the tightening devices 23 are respectively located in each installation cavity.
  • the upper side wall and the lower side wall of one end of the upper installation cavity in the direction of the center line of the box door are provided with first arc holes 226 corresponding to each other.
  • the lower installation cavity is close to the box.
  • the upper side wall and the lower side wall of one end in the direction of the door hinge are provided with second arc holes 227 corresponding to each other.
  • the positions correspond to each other; the two ends of one rotating shaft are respectively inserted into the two first arc-shaped holes, the two ends of the other rotating shaft are respectively inserted into the two second arc-shaped holes, and the two rotating shafts are installed with box door lock rods to hold them tightly.
  • two locking rod rotary oil cylinders are respectively fixed on the side walls of the two installation cavities, and the connecting sleeves of the piston rod ends of the two lock rod rotary oil cylinders 234 are respectively sleeved on the two rotary shafts 26, and the piston rod telescopically drives the box door lock rod
  • the holding device rotates, wherein the first arc-shaped hole and the second arc-shaped hole are set with the center line of the respective box door lock lever as the center of the circle, so that the rotating shaft rotates around the center line of the box door lock lever to promote The door lock lever rotates to unlock or lock.
  • the piston rods of the two left box door switch oil cylinder assemblies 221 first perform a synchronous extension action, and the left locking rod holding device 23 moves with the left one.
  • the box door lock levers of the side box door are joined together, and the piston rods of the two lock lever rotating oil cylinders on the left box door are telescopic and drive the two rotating shafts on the left box door along the first arc hole and the second arc respectively.
  • the arc trajectory of the hole is displaced to meet the rotation requirements of the left box door lock rod.
  • the piston rods of the two left box door switch cylinder assemblies 221 are retracted to drive the positioning frame to the outside. Turn over to open the left box door; the piston rods of the two right box door switch oil cylinder assemblies 221 first perform synchronous telescopic action, and the right lock rod holding device 23 moves to engage with the left box door box door lock rod.
  • the piston rods of the two lock-rod rotary oil cylinders at the right box door are telescopic and drive the two rotating shafts on the right box door to displace along the arc trajectories of the first arc hole and the second arc hole respectively, so that
  • the lock lever and the container are unlocked, and the retraction of the piston rods of the two right side door switch oil cylinder assemblies 221 drives the positioning frame to turn outward to open the right side door. ; If the box door needs to be closed automatically, the piston rod of the box door switch oil cylinder is extended to turn the box door inward to close the box door. Further, according to the above steps, the left and right box door switches can be switched in sequence respectively.
  • the rotation angle of the lock rod on the side of the center line between the two box doors is determined by the range of the corresponding first arc hole on the positioning frame 224
  • the rotation angle of the lock rod on the side of the hinge line of the box door is determined by the positioning frame 224.
  • the opening range of the corresponding second arc-shaped hole is determined by the position of the rotation limiting plate 255 in the rotation limiting mechanism 25, and the length of the second arc-shaped hole is longer than that of the first arc-shaped hole, and the length of the second arc-shaped hole is longer than that of the first arc-shaped hole.
  • a box door lock lever on the center line of the box door rotates toward the center of the box door, and a box door lock lever on the box door hinge rotates in the direction of the box door hinge; at the same time, the rotation direction of the lock lever depends on the direction of the handle on the lock lever.
  • the two-box door lock lever gripping devices include two gripping members 233 and a gripping oil cylinder 231, the two gripping members are combined with each other to form a Y-shaped gripping assembly, and the longitudinal portion and the inclined portion of the gripping assembly are between the longitudinal portion and the inclined portion.
  • One end of the cylinder of the holding oil cylinder is hinged with the top pin of the inclined part of a holding piece, and the other end of the piston rod is connected with another holding piece.
  • the top end of the inclined part is hinged with the pin shaft; the inner side of the bottom end of the longitudinal part of the two gripping parts has an arc-shaped groove 232 that matches the box door lock rod circularly.
  • the holding oil cylinder 231 performs a telescopic action to realize the relative rotation of the two holding parts, and further hold the locking rod, so that the locking rod holding device 23 and the box door are fixedly joined together, and then the positioning frame 224 and the box door are fixedly joined together. , to meet the requirements of the box door can be rotated.
  • two positioning grooves 100 are provided on the positioning frame body and the side of the partition plate facing the box door, and the two positioning grooves correspond to the positions of the first arc-shaped hole and the second arc-shaped hole respectively.
  • a limit plate 236 is set at the position of the arc groove 232 on the part, and the limit plate 236 is inserted into the positioning groove; wherein, the positioning groove adopts an arc positioning groove, and the width of the positioning groove is larger than the diameter of the lock rod.
  • the clamping device rotates around the center of the rotation axis and the clamping device swings, and the limit plate can collide with the inner side wall of the positioning groove to reach the swing range of the clamping device, making it easier to lock the two clamping parts after they are opened.
  • the rod is placed between the arc grooves of the two holding parts, so that the lock rod of the box door can be held tightly; in addition, in order to make the lock rod more convenient to rotate after holding, the rubber friction can be fixed by glue on the inner side wall of the arc groove
  • the inner side of the rubber friction pad is protruded with a plurality of small bumps in a square array, and the small bumps are covered on the inner side of the rubber friction pad, so as to increase the friction force after being held tightly.
  • the opening length of the second arc-shaped hole 227 on the positioning frame is relatively long, and the unlocking and unlocking rotation angle of the lock lever on the box door at the box door hinge is set to prevent the box door lock lever from rotating transition.
  • the displacement limit mechanism includes a limit oil cylinder 251, a rotation limit plate 255, and a limit support The seat 256 and the limit pin 253;
  • the limit pin is installed on the partition plate of the positioning frame through the limit support, and is located on the side of the second arc hole;
  • the rotation limit plate uses its perforation to cover the limit pin On the shaft; one end of the cylinder body of the limit cylinder is installed on the partition of the positioning frame through the cylinder support, and the end of the piston rod is hinged with the rotation limit plate;
  • the bottom surface of the rotation limit plate has two corresponding intervals.
  • the limit baffles 257 are provided, and the two limit baffles are located on both sides of the rotating shaft respectively; the end of the rotating shaft protrudes from the second arc-shaped hole on the partition plate, and its end is located at the limit of the limiting baffle. bit.
  • the limit oil cylinder 251 performs a telescopic action, which further drives the rotation limit plate 255 to rotate left and right, so that the outer arc baffle plate of the limit structure assembly 255 selectively rotates with the rotation extending from the second arc hole.
  • the shaft is blocked and limited to meet the requirements of limiting the rotation angle range of the lock lever and setting the rotation direction.
  • the general structure of the special sling for container inversion and unloading described in this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1, but the difference from Embodiment 1 is only that the telescopic driving member includes a telescopic driving oil cylinder; the end of the outer pipe is connected to the lifting connecting member The cylinder body of the telescopic driving oil cylinder is connected to the inner pipe, the telescopic rod is connected to the outer pipe or the hoisting connecting piece, and the hoisting body is connected to the inner pipe. It makes the separating or closing action between the hoisting connecting piece and the hoisting body stable and reliable.
  • the hanger of the hoisting equipment such as the reach stacker and the gantry crane is connected and fixed with the hoisting hole of the hoisting connector.
  • the handle on the lock lever of the box door is unlocked.
  • the spreader in the flip mechanism moves down, so that the four lifting point locking mechanisms 12 on the bottom surface of the spreader are inserted into the four long lock holes on the top surface of the container respectively, and the lifting point
  • the motor on the locking shaft mechanism 12 drives the lateral extension block of the turn lock to rotate, so that the top surface of the lateral extension block is clamped on the inner side wall of the top of the fixed cavity 102 below the long lock hole, and the fixed connection of the container is completed.
  • the special spreader for the container (full container) is hoisted and transported to the unloading point.
  • the telescopic rod of the telescopic driving oil cylinder is extended, which promotes the separation of the hoisting connector and the hoisting body, and realizes the convenience between the hoisting connector and the hoisting body.
  • the space for the flipping mechanism to flip, and then, the piston rod of the second flipping cylinder extends and turns the flipping frame to contact with the door frame of the box door.
  • the box door switch cylinder After the locking device of the drive box door lock rod contacts with the box door lock rod, the box door switch cylinder is self-locked, and the piston rod of the lock rod retracts to drive the longitudinal parts of the two holding parts to align with each other, so that the side of the lock rod is aligned with each other.
  • the wall is in close contact with the arc-shaped groove, so that the lock rod of the box door is held tightly, and the holding oil cylinder is self-locked after holding.
  • An overturning cylinder and the overturning frame are parallel to each other; however, when an empty container is positioned on the spreader of the overturning frame, the piston rod of the first overturning oil cylinder retracts, and then pulls the outer end of the overturning frame to rotate downward, while the inner side of the overturning frame Rotate the end upwards, through this operation until the container is turned to a vertical state or a tilted state, after the turning is completed, the first turning cylinder is self-locking, the piston rod of the locking rod rotating cylinder starts to work, and the locking rod rotating cylinder at the first arc hole The piston rod extends out, the rotating shaft moves along the trajectory of the first arc hole, pushes the locking rod holding device to move toward the center line between the two box doors, and the lock lever rotates toward the center line between the two box doors at this point.
  • the oil cylinder is self-locking; when the lock rod at the second arc hole is tightened, the piston rod of the lock rod rotating cylinder expands and contracts according to the installation position of the handle on the lock rod to determine the rotation direction, such as The lock lever needs to be rotated in the direction of the box door hinge for unlocking, and the piston rod of the lock lever rotating cylinder will continue to extend in the extended state, so that the rotating shaft in the second arc hole will continue to move toward the box door hinge direction. , urge the lock rod to rotate in the direction of the box door hinge to unlock the lock rod.
  • the piston rod of the lock rod rotating cylinder will retract in the extended state.
  • the rotation axis in the second arc-shaped hole is displaced in the direction of the center line of the box door, and the lock rod is rotated in the direction of the center line of the box door to unlock the lock rod. lock, so that after unlocking, the lock rod holding device is still held tightly on the lock rod, and the piston rod of the box door switch cylinder retracts to pull the downward overall box door to turn to the outside, thereby Open the container door to unload the container.
  • the container door switch mechanism After the unloading is completed, use the container door switch mechanism to close the container door, and then the first overturning cylinder is re-extended to make the top of the container rotate downwards and the bottom of the container to rotate upwards until the container is in the same position again.
  • the first overturning cylinder In the horizontal state, its operation fully meets the container's overturning requirements, and the design of the structure meets the load-bearing requirements and structural strength requirements when the container is overturned.
  • the rod can be self-locked after being stretched and retracted, so as to lock the turned state of the container.
  • the power for extending or retracting the telescopic rods of all the oil cylinders in the device and equipment described in this embodiment is provided by the hydraulic pump in the hydraulic control assembly, and the piston rod of the oil cylinder drives the operation of all the mechanisms in this embodiment, wherein the hydraulic pressure
  • the pump is controlled by the PLC program controller and various electrical switching elements.
  • the radio remote control is wirelessly connected to the radio transceiver in the hydraulic control assembly, and the buttons of the radio remote control are controlled to control the hydraulic pump; After the piston rod is stretched, the self-locking function is realized.
  • the oil in the cylinder is blocked by setting a hydraulic control check valve, a balance valve, a spool valve with a neutral position or an electromagnetic ball valve, etc., so as to lock the piston rod of the oil cylinder.

Abstract

一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，包括吊装连接件（100）、吊装体（400）和伸缩装置（200），伸缩装置（200）的两端分别与吊装连接件（100）和吊装体（400）连接，伸缩装置（200）驱动吊装连接件（100）和吊装体（400）之间距离变大或缩小，吊装体（400）上设置有用于吊装集装箱的翻转机构（300），翻转机构（300）用于将所吊装的集装箱翻转至水平状、垂直状或倾斜状，吊装连接件（100）上设置有吊装连接部（101）。该吊具具备卸货效率高，人工操作强度降低，且低成本、环保优、货损少、卸货干净、安全可操作性等技术效果。

Description

一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于将集装箱在空中进行翻转，且能自动开关箱门和调整开口大小的卸料专用吊具，具体涉及一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具。
背景技术
随着公路、铁路、水路多式联运模式的大力推广和高速发展，国家对环保和节能要求的进一步提升，“散改集”(即散货集装箱化运输)被称为散货运输的“第二次革命”，其发展势头不可估量，并具有如下综合优点：节约袋装包装成本，全程机械化运作，货物破损洒漏少，公铁水班期稳定，小批量运输无需候船，集装箱中转面广，门到门运输直达，减少散货堆仓空间，环保影响小，节能减排明显，节省资金利息成本等。
如何高效安全的让物料从集装箱内卸出且能进行自动开关箱门和调整开口大小的专用吊具装备，是一个有待解决的关键节点问题。目前现有集装箱专用吊具仅能够进行水平和上下移动满足集装箱装卸作业的需要，无法实现集装箱空中翻转一定的角度呈箱口向下，更不能进行自动开关箱门和调整开口大小的动作。对于“散改集”运输的通用标准集装箱，使用现有的方法是先必须使用专用的起重装卸设备卸箱，后大都进行以下方式的卸料作业。(1)人工：人工直接卸货，皮带机或铲车等辅助。缺点：效率低，时间长，劳动强度大。(2)液压平台：起重设备加液压平台；缺点：投资大；固定点卸货。(3)集装箱拖车专用翻板平台；缺点：专用翻板平台，投资大，固定点卸货和角度所限等。并且，一般是直接卸在货物堆场地面上,若需要进一步转移物料，还得有其它专用的起重装卸设备、连续输送设备等实施完成。总体评价都存在综合效率低、环境污染重、货损洒漏多、卸货净箱差、人力强度大、随货移动难等不足。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述技术的不足而设计的效率高、环保、货损减少、降低人工强度、随货移动便捷，同时可将集装箱在空中进行翻转，且能自动开关箱门和调整开口大小的一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具。
本发明所设计的一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，包括吊装连接件、吊装体和伸缩装置，伸缩装置的两端分别与吊装连接件和吊装体连接，伸缩装置驱动吊装连接件和吊装体之间距离变大或缩小，吊装体上设置有用于吊装集装箱的翻转机构，翻转机构用于将所吊装的 集装箱翻转至水平状、垂直状或倾斜状，吊装连接件上设置有吊装连接部。
作为优选，伸缩装置包括伸缩件和驱动伸缩件作伸缩动作的伸缩驱动件，伸缩件的两端分别与吊装体和吊装连接件连接，伸缩驱动件的两端分别与伸缩件一端和伸缩件另一端或吊装连接件连接。
作为优选，伸缩件包括外管和内管，外管套于内管上。
作为优选，伸缩驱动件包括伸缩驱动油缸；内管端部与吊装连接件固定相连，伸缩驱动油缸的缸体部连接于外管上，且伸缩杆连接于内管或吊装连接件上，吊装体与伸缩件的外管连接，或者
外管端部与吊装连接件固定相连，伸缩驱动油缸的缸体部连接于内管上，且伸缩杆连接于外管或吊装连接件上，吊装体与内管连接。
作为优选，吊装连接部包括与上级起吊机设备上的吊装工具处旋转锁具相连接的吊装孔。
作为优选，翻转机构包括第一翻转油缸、翻转架和吊具；吊具固定于翻转架的横向部底面，其端部设置有箱门开关机构；吊装体的内侧面与翻转架外侧面之间设置有翻转承载轴承；翻转承载轴承的一旋转圈套端面与翻转架的外侧面固定，其另一旋转圈套端面与吊装体的内侧面固定；第一翻转油缸的缸体尾端销轴铰接在两吊装体上，其活塞杆端部销轴铰接在翻转架上，吊具的底面设置有与集装箱顶面边角处锁孔位置对应的吊点锁轴机构，且吊点锁轴机构插入集装箱锁孔内动作后进行锁定集装箱。
作为优选，翻转架的顶部两端分别安装有用于上升或下降吊具的绳索起升机构，且绳索起升机构的升降部与吊具的端部固定相连；两绳索起升机构均包括起升油缸、两导向水平滑轮、两横梁垂直滑轮和两根起升承载绳索，两起升油缸的缸体尾端分别安装在翻转架的顶部两端，且两起升油缸呈交叉对角式分布；两横梁垂直滑轮分别旋转式安装在翻转架顶部的端部外侧横梁两端支座上，两导向水平滑轮分别旋转式安装在翻转架顶部的端部内侧横梁两支座上；起升油缸的活塞杆端部分别固定两根起升承载绳索的一端，一根起升承载绳索的另一端绕过一横梁垂直滑轮后与吊具端部固定相连，一根起升承载绳索的另一端依次绕过两导向水平滑轮和一横梁垂直滑轮后与吊具端部固定相连；起升油缸的下侧面贴合有支撑板，支撑板固定在翻转架的顶部；
作为优选，翻转架顶部的两端外侧横梁上套有承载移动套管，且用于旋转式安装横梁垂直滑轮的支座固定在承载移动套管上，翻转架顶部的两端外侧横梁一端均通过支座固定有调整油缸；调整油缸与翻转架的外侧横梁相互平行设置，其活塞杆端部安装在承载移动套管外侧的支座上。
作为优选，翻转框架上设置有防止吊具上的集装箱发生摆动的防摆缓冲机构；
防摆缓冲机构54包括的缓冲外套支座5401、缓冲压缩弹簧5402、缓冲横梁组件5403和承压橡胶支座5404，缓冲外套支座5401固定于内侧横梁142上，缓冲外套支座5401设置有套管5405，套管的底端口处插入有缓冲套管5406，缓冲压缩弹簧5402的两端分别与套管和缓冲套管固定相连，缓冲套管的底端固定缓冲横梁组件5403，缓冲横梁组件5403的底面固定承压橡胶支座5404。
作为优选，箱门开关机构包括翻转框架和安装在吊具端部的第二翻转油缸，翻转框架顶部的斜板顶端与第二翻转油缸的活塞杆端部进行销轴铰接，翻转框架的顶部与吊具一端部的铰接座进行销轴铰接，且翻转框架上相对应的两侧均安装有箱门开关油缸，两处箱门开关油缸的活塞杆端部均销轴铰接有对集装箱的箱门锁杆进行锁定后促使箱门锁杆发生旋转的箱门锁杆驱动装置，箱门开关油缸的活塞杆伸缩驱动箱门锁杆驱动装置进行向内侧或外侧翻转。
作为优选，箱门锁杆驱动装置包括定位框架、两根旋转轴、两个箱门锁杆抱紧装置和两个锁杆旋转油缸；且箱门开关油缸的活塞杆贯穿定位框架侧壁一端的定位孔后与定位框架的侧壁另一端进行销轴铰接；定位框体的中部通过设置隔板形成上下两个安装腔，各箱门锁杆抱紧装置分别位于于各安装腔内，上部安装腔上靠箱门中心线方向的一端上侧壁和下侧壁均设置有位置相互对应的第一弧形孔，下部安装腔上靠箱门铰链方向的一端上侧壁和下侧壁均设置有位置相互对应的第二弧形孔，第一弧形孔的位置和第二弧形孔的位置分别与箱门上的两锁杆位置对应；一旋转轴的两端分别对应插入两第一弧形孔中，另一旋转轴的两端分别对应插入两第二弧形孔中，且两旋转轴均安装箱门锁杆抱紧装置，两锁杆旋转油缸分别固定在两安装腔的侧壁上，且两锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆端部连接套分别套于两旋转轴上，且活塞杆伸缩驱动箱门锁杆抱紧装置进行旋转；
两箱门锁杆抱紧装置均包括两个抱紧件和抱紧油缸，两个抱紧件相互组合形成Y字形状的抱紧组件，抱紧组件纵向部和倾斜部之间具有通孔，且抱紧组件通过通孔套于旋转轴上，抱紧油缸的缸体一端与一抱紧件的倾斜部顶端销轴铰接，其活塞杆的另一端与另一抱紧件的倾斜部顶端销轴铰接；两个抱紧件的纵向部底端内侧具有与箱门锁杆圆形匹配的弧形槽；定位框体上和隔板上朝向箱门的一侧设置有两个定位槽，且两个定位槽分别与第一弧形孔和第二弧形孔位置对应，抱紧件上的弧形槽位置处设置有限位板，且限位板插入于定位槽内。
作为优选，还包括对下部安装腔内的旋转轴沿第二弧形孔轨迹位移行程进行限位的位移限位机构；位移限位机构包括限位油缸、旋转限位板、限位支座和限位销轴；限位销轴通过限位支座安装在定位框架的隔板上，并位于第二弧形孔的旁侧；旋转限位板利用其穿孔套于限位销轴上；限位油缸的缸体一端通过油缸支座安装在定位框架的隔板上，其活塞杆端部与 旋转限位板进行销轴铰接；旋转限位板的底面具有两块相互对应间隔设置的限位挡板，两限位挡板分别位于旋转轴的两侧；旋转轴的端部从隔板上的第二弧形孔处伸出，其端部位于受限位挡板限位。
本发明所设计的能自动开关箱门的集装箱翻转设备，其整体结构能满足“散改集”运输作业要求的集装箱倾转卸货的要求，从而使得设备具备装货效率高，人工操作强度降低，且低成本、环保优、货损少、满箱量、安全性和操作性等技术效果，同时适合于各种散货(粮食、饲料、煤炭、矿粉、水泥和石料等等)进行“散改集”运输的集装箱空中翻转卸料需求的港口码头、物料仓储、堆场粮库等企业使用。
箱门开关要求，需要进行装货时，利用框架翻转机构将集装箱倾转成垂直状态或倾斜状态，且箱口朝下，利用箱门开闭机构与箱门的锁杆锁定机构相互配合将箱门自动打开可进行卸货操作，从而进一步实现集装箱和箱门开关均非人工操作，实现高效率工作、操作安全和可控性操作等技术效果。
另外，还增加了自动锁杆转动机构，使得在集装箱的需要打开或关闭的箱口处于低位时人工将手柄锁定在自动锁杆转动机构上后，自动锁杆转动机构通过锁杆手柄自动转动箱门锁杆，以实现锁杆的锁头与集装箱的锁座锁合或者开锁，从而达到如果集装箱在装货完成后箱口朝上的情况下，人工无需攀爬至高位进行转动锁杆的技术效果，避免了人工攀爬至高位而发生安全事故的情况，同时锁杆转动为自动转动与箱门开关装置配合使得在集装箱箱门作业时进一步提升工作效率和操作的安全性。
附图说明
图1是吊装连接件与吊装体分开，且翻转架和集装箱均被翻转至倾斜状的整体结构示意图；
图2是吊装连接件与吊装体合拢，且翻转架和集装箱均被翻转至水平状的整体结构示意图(一)；
图3是吊装连接件与吊装体合拢，且翻转架和集装箱均被翻转至水平状的整体结构示意图(二)；
图4是俯视状态的整体结构示意图；
图5是翻转机构的结构示意图；
图6是翻转架结构示意图；
图7是翻转机构的吊具结构示意图(一)；
图8是翻转机构的吊具结构示意图(二)；
图9是翻转机构的吊具结构示意图(三)；
图10是翻转机构的吊具结构示意图(四)；
图11是翻转框架上安装起升机构结构示意图(一)；
图12是翻转框架上安装起升机构结构示意图(二)；
图13是单个起升机构结构示意图；
图14是两个起升机构结构示意图；
图15是由调整油缸组成位置调整机构的结构示意图；
图16是防摆动缓冲机构结构示意图(一)；
图17是防摆动缓冲机构结构示意图(二)；
图18是防摆动缓冲机构结构示意图(三)；
图19是吊具上安装有箱门开关机构的结构示意图(一)；
图20是吊具上安装有箱门开关机构的结构示意图(二)；
图21是箱门锁杆手柄安装方式结构示意图(一)；
图22是箱门锁杆手柄安装方式结构示意图(二)；
图23是箱门锁杆手柄安装方式结构示意图(三)；
图24是箱门开关机构的结构示意图(一)；
图25是箱门开关机构的结构示意图(二)；
图26是箱门开关机构的结构示意图(三)；
图27是下部安装腔内安装锁杆旋转油缸和锁杆抱紧装置、以及隔板上安装限位装置的结构示意图；
图28是第二弧形孔处的锁杆抱紧装置结构示意图；
图29是上部安装腔内安装锁杆旋转油缸和锁杆抱紧装置的结构示意图；
图30是第一弧形孔处的锁杆抱紧装置结构示意图；
图31是抱紧件结构示意图；
图32是限位装置结构示意图(一)；
图33是限位装置结构示意图(二)；
图34是吊点锁轴机构结构示意图(一)；
图35是吊点锁轴机构结构示意图(二)。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描 述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：
如附图所示，本实施例所描述的一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，包括吊装连接件100、吊装体400和伸缩装置200，伸缩装置200的两端分别与吊装连接件100和吊装体400连接，伸缩装置200驱动吊装连接件100和吊装体400之间距离变大或缩小，吊装体400上设置有用于吊装集装箱的翻转机构300，翻转机构300用于将所吊装的集装箱翻转至水平状、垂直状或倾斜状，吊装连接件100上设置有吊装连接部101，进一步地，伸缩装置200包括伸缩件202和驱动伸缩件作伸缩动作的伸缩驱动件201，伸缩件202的两端分别与吊装体400和吊装连接件100连接，伸缩驱动件201的两端分别与伸缩件202一端和伸缩件202另一端或吊装连接件100上，吊装连接部101包括码头门座起重机、集装箱正面吊等起重设备下挂的吊具的旋转锁具相连接的吊装孔。
其中吊装连接件采用框体架结构，且框体架内设置有多根支撑柱体102，多根支撑柱体的两端分别与框体架的内腔上下两端固定相连，从而提升吊装时的结构强度，其中的框体架内腔大空间位置可进行安装动力控制机构，如柴油发电机组或电池电源组件又或工频外供电源之一的油电动力机构和液压控制机构、电气控制机构、遥控操作系统的接收部件和机电外罩组件等，其框架结构空间尺寸大小和承载能力需满足相应要求，同时吊装孔的设置便于为了便于正面吊、龙门吊上的吊架与吊装孔固定相连，固定时，吊架上的吊点锁轴机构12与吊装孔的位置，吊点锁轴机构12由吊点转动锁轴121、锁轴转动手柄122、转锁油缸销轴123、转锁油缸组件124、转锁油缸支座125和锁轴角度指针126组成。吊点转动锁轴121插入吊装孔内，在转锁油缸组件124的作用下，通过转锁油缸销轴123和锁轴转动手柄122旋转吊点转动锁轴121，吊点转动锁轴的挂钩锁定吊装孔，锁轴角度指针126能指示双方的结合状况，同时在框体架底面的四个边角处均设置伸缩装置，以提升整体专用吊具的强度。
本实施例中，伸缩件200包括外管2022和内管2021，外管2022套于内管2021上；伸缩驱动件201包括伸缩驱动油缸；内管端部与吊装连接件固定相连，伸缩驱动油缸的缸体部连接于外管上，且伸缩杆连接于内管或吊装连接件上，吊装体与伸缩件的外管连接。其结构利用伸缩驱动油缸的伸缩杆伸缩来驱动吊装连接件和吊装体上下合拢或分开，分开后使吊装体和吊装连接件存有间距，以便于翻转机构翻转至垂直状或倾斜状(集装箱处于垂直状或倾斜状，且箱口朝下)，并且在翻转机构被翻转至水平状(集装箱也处于水平状)后才可将吊装连接件和吊装体合拢来减小整体专用吊具的体积，以便于正面吊将装有集装箱(满箱状态)的专用吊具进行稳定的吊装集装箱，纵使正面吊的吊臂伸长后也可进行稳定吊装装有集装箱 (满箱状态)的专用吊具，提升使用性能，并且，其伸缩件的设置使得吊装连接件和吊装体的合拢及分开的动作时稳定可靠。
本实施例中，翻转机构300包括两根第一翻转油缸71、两相互间隔设置的吊装体21、位于两吊装体21之间的翻转架22和吊具110；吊具110固定于翻转架22的横向部底面，其上方具有料斗1的一端固定箱门开关机构113；吊装体21的内侧面与翻转架22外侧面之间设置有翻转承载轴承73；翻转承载轴承73的一旋转圈套一端面与翻转架22的外侧面固定，其另一旋转圈套一端面与吊装体21的内侧面固定；两根第一翻转油缸71的缸体尾端分别销轴铰接在两吊装体21的铰接支座上，其活塞杆端部铰接在翻转架22底部的铰接支座上，吊具110的底面固定有四个分别与集装箱顶面四个边角处锁孔位置对应的吊点锁轴机构12，且吊点锁轴机构12插入集装箱锁孔内动作后进行锁定集装箱。
其中，吊具110由吊具承载吊点111、吊具两侧纵梁112、中部连接横梁113、靠近箱门横梁114、靠近箱端横梁115、中间护箱纵梁116、翻转锁定止档117和吊具端梁结构118组成。其中，吊具承载吊点111是连接集装箱翻转主机的节点，也是所有部件和满载集装箱载荷的最大受力点，需满足强度和刚度要求。吊具两侧纵梁112、中部连接横梁113、靠近箱门横梁114、靠近箱端横梁115和中间护箱纵梁116组合成为整体。靠近箱门横梁114与该侧的吊具端梁结构118安装有箱门开关机构2。吊具两侧纵梁112上设置的翻转锁定挡板117是吊具主体结构翻转竖直时的锁定结构。两吊具端梁结构118的两端内均安装有吊点锁轴机构12，且使得吊具的底面四个边角处均具有有吊点锁轴机构，各吊点锁轴机构分别与集装箱顶面的各锁孔位置对应；其中，吊点锁轴机构12由吊点转动锁轴121、锁轴转动手柄122、转锁油缸销轴123、转锁油缸组件124、转锁油缸支座125和锁轴角度指针126组成。吊点转动锁轴121插入集装箱顶部四角边处的锁孔内，在转锁油缸组件124的作用下，通过转锁油缸销轴123和锁轴转动手柄122旋转吊点转动锁轴121，吊点转动锁轴的挂钩锁定集装箱，锁轴角度指针126能指示双方的结合状况，其中吊具上的吊具承载吊点111通过绳索起升机构9上的吊装头97固定相连。
上述结构中，第一翻转油缸的活塞杆端部销轴铰接在翻转架底部上靠近外侧端的铰接支座上，当第一翻转油缸的伸缩杆伸出状态时翻转架处于水平状态，且第一翻转油缸与翻转架相互平行；然而当翻转架上定位有空置的集装箱时，第一翻转油缸的活塞杆回缩，然后拉动翻转架的外侧端向下旋转，而翻转架的内侧端向上旋转，经该操作直至将集装箱翻转至竖直状态或倾斜状态，使集装箱的箱口朝下，箱门开关机构将朝下的箱门打开进行卸货，待卸货完成后，第一翻转油缸重新伸出使得集装箱的顶端向下旋转，集装箱底端向上旋转，直至集装箱又处于水平状态，然后人们将箱门板锁紧，箱门开关机构也与箱门板脱离，然而其运行 操作完全满足集装箱的翻转要求，并且经该结构的设计满足集装箱进行翻转时承载要求和结构强度要求，同时上述的第一翻转油缸采用大直径高压高强度推杆油缸，其伸缩杆在伸缩后可进行自锁，从而将集装箱的翻转后的状态进行锁定。
本实施例中，翻转架22的顶部两端分别安装有用于上升或下降吊具110的绳索起升机构9，且绳索起升机构9的升降部与吊具的端部固定相连；两绳索起升机构9均包括起升油缸91、两导向水平滑轮94、两横梁垂直滑轮95和两根起升承载绳索96，两起升油缸的缸体尾端分别通过螺栓固定在翻转框架顶部两端的内侧横梁142上，且两起升油缸呈交叉对角式分布；两横梁垂直滑轮分别旋转式安装在翻转框架顶部的端部侧横梁两端支座上，两导向水平滑轮分别旋转式安装在翻转框架顶部的端部内侧横梁两支座92上；两根起升承载绳索的一端形成环套通过螺栓压制固定在起升油缸的活塞杆端部固定片上，一根起升承载绳索的另一端绕过一横梁垂直滑轮后与吊具端部固定相连，一根起升承载绳索的另一端依次绕过两导向水平滑轮和一横梁垂直滑轮后与吊具端部固定相连；起升油缸的下侧面贴合有支撑板96，支撑板固定在翻转框架的顶部，起升承载绳索的端部通过连接件与吊具端部进行螺栓固定；起升承载绳索的另一端也形成环套通过螺栓将该环套压制固定在吊具的端部。
上述结构中，其利用两起升油缸的活塞杆同步伸缩来收放起升承载绳索来升降调整吊具的高度，并同时单独调节集装箱的高度，两起升油缸的活塞杆在伸缩后均可自锁，从而来锁定单独调整集装箱高度；以满足装车卸箱作业要求，其承载能力同样满足工作最大载荷要求。
本实施例中，翻转框架14顶部的两端外侧横梁141上套有承载移动套管42，且用于旋转式安装横梁垂直滑轮的支座固定在承载移动套管上，翻转框架顶部的两端外侧横梁141一端均通过支座固定有调整油缸41；调整油缸41与翻转框架14的外侧横梁141相互平行设置，其活塞杆端部安装在承载移动套管外侧的支座上；两调整油缸41呈左右交叉对称布置，从而调整油缸动作时可左右移动承载移动套管,进而通过起升机构3中的绳索36带动吊具6实现左右移动，进一步带动吊载集装箱的吊具进行对位调整，其中在调整油缸的活塞杆进行伸缩后可进行自锁，以对调整后位置进行锁定，满足重载集装箱作业时的左右调整对位需求。
更进一步地，翻转框架顶部两端的内侧横梁142上设置防摆缓冲机构，防摆缓冲机构(54)包括的缓冲外套支座5401、缓冲压缩弹簧5402、缓冲横梁组件5403和承压橡胶支座5404，缓冲外套支座5401固定于内侧横梁142上，缓冲外套支座5401设置有套管5405，套管的底端口处插入有缓冲套管5406，缓冲压缩弹簧5402的两端分别与套管和缓冲套管固定相连，缓冲套管的底端固定缓冲横梁组件5403，缓冲横梁组件5403的底面固定承压橡胶支座5404。当吊具110被伸缩起升机构驱动上升后其顶面接触并顶升缓冲横梁组件5403和承压橡胶支座5404，促使缓冲压缩弹簧5402全部压缩，同时进行伸缩起升机构驱动的油缸自锁锁定，从而 在缓冲压缩弹簧5402的反作用力下，达到吊具110和集装箱停止左右不稳定摆动，起到防摆缓冲作用。
本实施例中，吊具110上一吊具端梁结构118的侧面固定有铰接座214，箱门开关机构包括翻转框架212和安装在吊具一端的第二翻转油缸211，翻转框架顶部的斜板215顶端与第二翻转油缸的活塞杆端部进行销轴铰接，翻转框架的顶部与吊具一端部的铰接座214进行销轴铰接，且翻转框架上相对应的左右两侧均安装有箱门开关油缸221，两处箱门开关油缸221的活塞杆端部均销轴铰接有对集装箱的箱门锁杆进行锁定后促使箱门锁杆发生旋转的箱门锁杆驱动装置22，箱门开关油缸221的活塞杆伸缩驱动箱门锁杆驱动装置22进行向内侧或外侧翻转。
上述结构中，在第二翻转油缸211的活塞杆作用下，通过铰接座214与翻转框架销轴铰接结构实现翻转框架213的垂直转动，靠近或离开箱门，为后续的开关箱门准备。
进一步达到箱门开关的稳定性，将箱门开关油缸设置为四根，且以两两一组分别通过油缸销轴223铰接在翻转框架左右两侧的油缸支座222上，箱门开关油缸221通过油缸头部的箱门油缸销轴223与定位框架224上的长形孔2241进行宽松式铰接。
本实施例中，箱门锁杆驱动装置22包括定位框架224、两根旋转轴26、两个箱门锁杆抱紧装置23和两个锁杆旋转油缸234；且箱门开关油缸的活塞杆贯穿定位框架侧壁一端的定位长形孔后与定位框架224的侧壁另一端进行销轴铰接；定位框体的中部通过设置隔板225形成上下两个安装腔228，各箱门锁杆抱紧装置23分别位于于各安装腔内，上部安装腔上靠箱门中心线方向的一端上侧壁和下侧壁均设置有位置相互对应的第一弧形孔226，下部安装腔上靠箱门铰链方向的一端上侧壁和下侧壁均设置有位置相互对应的第二弧形孔227，第一弧形孔的位置和第二弧形孔的位置分别与箱门上的两锁杆位置对应；一旋转轴的两端分别对应插入两第一弧形孔中，另一旋转轴的两端分别对应插入两第二弧形孔中，且两旋转轴均安装箱门锁杆抱紧装置23，两锁杆旋转油缸分别固定在两安装腔的侧壁上，两锁杆旋转油缸234的活塞杆端部连接套分别套于两旋转轴26上，且活塞杆伸缩驱动箱门锁杆抱紧装置进行旋转，其中第一弧形孔和第二弧形孔均以各自的箱门锁杆的中心线为圆心而设置，从而旋转轴绕箱门锁杆的中心线进行旋转，以促使箱门锁杆发生转动进行解锁或者上锁。
上述结构中，当翻转框架213垂直转动与集装箱箱门门框接触后，左侧两根箱门开关油缸组件221的活塞杆首先进行同步伸出动作，左侧的锁杆抱紧装置23动作与左侧箱门箱门锁杆接合在一起，且左侧箱门处的两锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆伸缩分别驱动左侧箱门上的两旋转轴分别沿第一弧形孔和第二弧形孔的弧形轨迹进行位移，从而满足左侧箱门锁杆转动要求， 锁杆转动后，锁杆与集装箱解锁，左侧两根箱门开关油缸组件221的活塞杆回缩带动定位框架向外侧翻转，以将左侧箱门打开；右侧两根箱门开关油缸组件221的活塞杆首先进行同步伸缩动作，右侧的锁杆抱紧装置23动作与左侧箱门箱门锁杆接合在一起，且右侧箱门处的两锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆伸缩分别驱动右侧箱门上的两旋转轴分别沿第一弧形孔和第二弧形孔的弧形轨迹进行位移，从而满足右侧箱门锁杆转动要求，锁杆转动后，锁杆与集装箱解锁，右侧两根箱门开关油缸组件221的活塞杆回缩带动定位框架向外侧翻转，以将右侧箱门打开；如果需要自动关闭箱门时，箱门开关油缸的活塞杆伸出将箱门向内侧翻转将箱门关闭，进一步依上述步骤，左右箱门开关可分别按次序开关动作。
其中，靠两箱门之间中心线侧的锁杆的转动角度由定位框架224上对应的第一弧形孔开设的范围决定，靠箱门铰链线侧的锁杆的转动角度由定位框架224上对应的第二弧形孔开设的范围和转动限位机构25中的旋转限位板255的位置决定，并且第二弧形孔的长度长于第一弧形孔，其第二弧形孔的设计可实现箱门上两锁杆的旋转方向相同的集装箱应用其箱门锁杆均向两箱门之间中心方向旋转，亦可在箱门上两锁杆的旋转方向不同的集装箱应用其靠箱门中心线的一箱门锁杆向箱门中心方向旋转，靠箱门铰链的一箱门锁杆向箱门铰链方向旋转；同时锁杆的旋转方向依锁杆上的手柄设置方向而定。
进一步地，两箱门锁杆抱紧装置均包括两个抱紧件233和抱紧油缸231，两个抱紧件相互组合形成Y字形状的抱紧组件，抱紧组件纵向部和倾斜部之间具有通孔，且抱紧组件通过通孔套于旋转轴上，抱紧油缸的缸体一端与一抱紧件的倾斜部顶端销轴铰接，其活塞杆的另一端与另一抱紧件的倾斜部顶端销轴铰接；两个抱紧件的纵向部底端内侧具有与箱门锁杆圆形匹配的弧形槽232。抱紧油缸231进行伸缩动作，实现两抱紧件相对转动，进一步抱紧锁杆，实现锁杆抱紧装置23与箱门固定接合在一起，进而通过定位框架224与箱门进行固定接合在一起，满足箱门能进行转动的要求。
本实施例中，定位框体上和隔板上朝向箱门的一侧设置有两个定位槽100，且两个定位槽分别与第一弧形孔和第二弧形孔位置对应，抱紧件上的弧形槽232位置处设置有限位板236，且限位板236插入于定位槽内；其中，定位槽采用圆弧定位槽，且定位槽的宽度大于锁杆的直径，当两抱紧件发生绕旋转轴中心旋转而发生抱紧装置摆动，限位板可与定位槽的内侧壁抵触，以达到限位抱紧装置的摆动范围，使得两抱紧件张开后更容易将锁杆置于两抱紧件的弧形槽之间，以便于对箱门锁杆进行抱紧；另外为了抱紧后使得锁杆更方便旋转，可在弧形槽内侧壁胶水粘合固定橡胶摩擦垫，橡胶摩擦垫的内侧面凸起有多个方形阵列的小凸块，小凸块在橡胶摩擦垫的内侧面布满，从而在抱紧后增大摩擦力。
本实施例中，基于定位框架上第二弧形孔227的开设长度较长，而箱门上靠箱门铰链处的锁杆解锁和开锁的旋转角度设定，以防止箱门锁杆旋转过渡，还包括对下部安装腔内的旋转轴沿第二弧形孔227轨迹位移行程进行限位的位移限位机构25；位移限位机构包括限位油缸251、旋转限位板255、限位支座256和限位销轴253；限位销轴通过限位支座安装在定位框架的隔板上，并位于第二弧形孔的旁侧；旋转限位板利用其穿孔套于限位销轴上；限位油缸的缸体一端通过油缸支座安装在定位框架的隔板上，其活塞杆端部与旋转限位板进行销轴铰接；旋转限位板的底面具有两块相互对应间隔设置的限位挡板257，两限位挡板分别位于旋转轴的两侧；旋转轴的端部从隔板上的第二弧形孔处伸出，其端部位于受限位挡板限位。
上述机构中，限位油缸251进行伸缩动作，进一步带动旋转限位板255左右转动，使得限位结构组件255的外侧弧形档板有选择性的与从第二弧形孔处伸出的旋转轴进行阻挡限位，达到限制锁杆转动角度范围和设置转动方向的要求。
实施例2：
本实施例所描述的集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，其大致结构与实施例1一致，但与实施例1的区别仅在于：伸缩驱动件包括伸缩驱动油缸；外管端部与吊装连接件固定相连，伸缩驱动油缸的缸体部连接于内管上，且伸缩杆连接于外管或吊装连接件上，吊装体与内管连接。其使得吊装连接件和吊装体之间分开或合拢动作稳定可靠。
综合上述结构的工作原理，正面吊和龙门吊等吊装设备的吊架与吊装连接件的吊装孔连接固定后将专用吊具位置至满箱集装箱的上方，然后人工将集装箱上后期需要朝下的一端箱门锁杆上的手柄解锁，此时翻转机构中的吊具下移，使吊具底面的四个吊点锁轴机构12分别插入集装箱顶面的四个长形锁孔中后，吊点锁轴机构12上的电机驱动转锁的横向延伸块旋转，使得横向延伸块顶面卡位在长形锁孔的下方的固定腔102顶部内侧壁上，完成集装箱的固定连接，然后将吊装有集装箱(满箱)的专用吊具进行吊起并输送至卸货点，此时伸缩驱动油缸的伸缩杆伸出，促使吊装连接件和吊装体相互分开，实现吊装连接件和吊装体之间产生便于翻转机构进行翻转的空间，紧接着，第二翻转油缸的活塞杆伸出将翻转框架翻转至与箱门的门框接触后，第二翻转油缸发生自锁，此时箱门开关油缸的活塞杆伸出驱动箱门锁杆抱紧装置与箱门锁杆接触后，箱门开关油缸发生自锁，抱紧油缸的活塞杆回缩驱动两抱紧件的纵向部相互并齐，使得锁杆的侧壁与弧形槽紧贴，使得箱门锁杆被抱紧，抱紧后抱紧油缸发生自锁，此时，当第一翻转油缸的伸缩杆伸出状态时翻转架处于水平状态，且第一翻转油缸与翻转框架相互平行；然而当翻转架的吊具上定位有空置的集装箱时，第一翻转油缸的活 塞杆回缩，然后拉动翻转架的外侧端向下旋转，而翻转架的内侧端向上旋转，经该操作直至将集装箱翻转至竖直状态或倾斜状态，在翻转完成后第一翻转油缸自锁，锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆开始工作，第一弧形孔处锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆伸出，旋转轴沿第一弧形孔轨迹位移，推动锁杆抱紧装置向两箱门之间中心线位移，且该处锁杆向两箱门之间中心线旋转，此处锁杆旋转完成后油缸发生自锁；第二弧形孔处的锁杆在被抱紧时，其锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆伸缩视此处锁杆上的手柄安装位置来定旋转方向，如该处锁杆开锁需要向箱门铰链方向旋转，则锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆在伸出的状态下再持续伸出，使得第二弧形孔内的旋转轴再持续向箱门铰链方向位移，促使锁杆向箱门铰链方向旋转，以进行锁杆解锁，如该处锁杆开锁需要向箱门中心线方向旋转，则锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆在伸出的状态下进行回缩，使得第二弧形孔内的旋转轴向箱门中心线方向位移，促使锁杆向箱门中心线方向旋转，以进行锁杆解锁，锁杆旋转油缸在发生动作后，且动作到位后发生自锁，从而在进行解锁后，锁杆抱紧装置仍然抱紧于锁杆上，箱门开关油缸的活塞杆回缩，以拉动朝下的整体箱门向外侧翻转，从而将箱门打开，以进行卸货，待卸货完成后，利用箱门开关机构将箱门关闭，然后第一翻转油缸重新伸出使得集装箱的顶端向下旋转，集装箱底端向上旋转，直至集装箱又处于水平状态，其运行操作完全满足集装箱的翻转要求，并且经该结构的设计满足集装箱进行翻转时承载要求和结构强度要求，同时上述的第一翻转油缸采用大直径高压高强度推杆油缸，其伸缩杆在伸缩后可进行自锁，从而将集装箱的翻转后的状态进行锁定。
本实施例所描述的装置及设备中所有油缸的伸缩杆伸出或回缩的动力均由液压控制组件中的液压泵提供，油缸的活塞杆驱动本实施例中所有机构的运行工作，其中液压泵由PLC程序控制器和各种电气开关元件进行控制工作，无线电遥控器与液压控制组件中的无线电收发器无线相连，操控无线电遥控器的按钮来控制液压泵；并且上述结构中的所有油缸的活塞杆进行伸缩后实现自锁功能通过设置液控单向阀、平衡阀、中位截止的滑阀或电磁球阀等等对缸体内的油液进行封堵，从而锁住油缸的活塞杆，进一步实现在吊装连接件和吊装体之间分开或合拢后自锁、翻转框架在翻转后自锁、在吊具在左右位移和升降位移调节后自锁、保持箱门板开启状态后自锁后自锁等功能；上述结构中所有各部件之间的固定均通过高强度螺栓进行连接固定。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，其特征在于，包括吊装连接件、吊装体和伸缩装置，伸缩装置的两端分别与吊装连接件和吊装体连接，伸缩装置驱动吊装连接件和吊装体之间距离变大或缩小，吊装体上设置有用于吊装集装箱的翻转机构，翻转机构用于将所吊装的集装箱翻转至水平状、垂直状或倾斜状，吊装连接件上设置有吊装连接部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，其特征在于，伸缩装置包括伸缩件和驱动伸缩件作伸缩动作的伸缩驱动件，伸缩件的两端分别与吊装体和吊装连接件连接，伸缩驱动件的两端分别与伸缩件一端和伸缩件另一端或吊装连接件连接。
  3. 根据权利要求3所述的一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，其特征在于，伸缩件包括外管和内管，外管套于内管上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，其特征在于，伸缩驱动件包括伸缩驱动油缸；内管端部与吊装连接件固定相连，伸缩驱动油缸的缸体部连接于外管上，且伸缩杆连接于内管或吊装连接件上，吊装体与伸缩件的外管连接，或者
    外管端部与吊装连接件固定相连，伸缩驱动油缸的缸体部连接于内管上，且伸缩杆连接于外管或吊装连接件上，吊装体与内管连接。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，其特征在于，吊装连接部包括与上级起吊机设备上的吊装工具处旋转锁具相连接的吊装孔。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，其特征在于，翻转机构包括第一翻转油缸、翻转架和吊具；吊具固定于翻转架的横向部底面，其端部设置有箱门开关机构；吊装体的内侧面与翻转架外侧面之间设置有翻转承载轴承；翻转承载轴承的一旋转圈套端面与翻转架的外侧面固定，其另一旋转圈套端面与吊装体的内侧面固定；第一翻转油缸的缸体尾端销轴铰接在两吊装体上，其活塞杆端部销轴铰接在翻转架上，吊具的底面设置有与集装箱顶面边角处锁孔位置对应的吊点锁轴机构，且吊点锁轴机构插入集装箱锁孔内动作后进行锁定集装箱。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，其特征在于，翻转架的顶部两端分别安装有用于上升或下降吊具的绳索起升机构，且绳索起升机构的升降部与吊具的端部固定相连；两绳索起升机构均包括起升油缸、两导向水平滑轮、两横梁垂直滑轮和两根起升承载绳索，两起升油缸的缸体尾端分别安装在翻转架的顶部两端，且两起升油缸呈交叉对角式分布；两横梁垂直滑轮分别旋转式安装在翻转架顶部的端部外侧横梁两端支座上，两导向水平滑轮分别旋转式安装在翻转架顶部的端部内侧横梁两支座上；起升油缸的活塞杆端部分别固定两根起升承载绳索的一端，一根起升承载绳索的另一端绕过一横梁垂直滑轮后与吊具端部固定相连，一根起升承载绳索的另一端依次绕过两导向水平滑轮和一横梁垂直滑轮 后与吊具端部固定相连；起升油缸的下侧面贴合有支撑板，支撑板固定在翻转架的顶部；
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，其特征在于，翻转架顶部的两端外侧横梁上套有承载移动套管，且用于旋转式安装横梁垂直滑轮的支座固定在承载移动套管上，翻转架顶部的两端外侧横梁一端均通过支座固定有调整油缸；调整油缸与翻转架的外侧横梁相互平行设置，其活塞杆端部安装在承载移动套管外侧的支座上。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，其特征在于，翻转框架上设置有防止吊具上的集装箱发生摆动的防摆缓冲机构；
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，其特征在于，防摆缓冲机构包括的缓冲外套支座、缓冲压缩弹簧、缓冲横梁组件和承压橡胶支座，缓冲外套支座固定于内侧横梁上，缓冲外套支座设置有套管，套管的底端口处插入有缓冲套管，缓冲压缩弹簧的两端分别与套管和缓冲套管固定相连，缓冲套管的底端固定缓冲横梁组件，缓冲横梁组件的底面固定承压橡胶支座。
  11. 根据权利要求6所述的一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，其特征在于，箱门开关机构包括翻转框架和安装在吊具端部的第二翻转油缸，翻转框架顶部的斜板顶端与第二翻转油缸的活塞杆端部进行销轴铰接，翻转框架的顶部与吊具一端部的铰接座进行销轴铰接，且翻转框架上相对应的两侧均安装有箱门开关油缸，两处箱门开关油缸的活塞杆端部均销轴铰接有对集装箱的箱门锁杆进行锁定后促使箱门锁杆发生旋转的箱门锁杆驱动装置，箱门开关油缸的活塞杆伸缩驱动箱门锁杆驱动装置进行向内侧或外侧翻转。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，其特征在于，箱门锁杆驱动装置包括定位框架、两根旋转轴、两个箱门锁杆抱紧装置和两个锁杆旋转油缸；且箱门开关油缸的活塞杆贯穿定位框架侧壁一端的定位孔后与定位框架的侧壁另一端进行销轴铰接；定位框体的中部通过设置隔板形成上下两个安装腔，各箱门锁杆抱紧装置分别位于于各安装腔内，上部安装腔上靠箱门中心线方向的一端上侧壁和下侧壁均设置有位置相互对应的第一弧形孔，下部安装腔上靠箱门铰链方向的一端上侧壁和下侧壁均设置有位置相互对应的第二弧形孔，第一弧形孔的位置和第二弧形孔的位置分别与箱门上的两锁杆位置对应；一旋转轴的两端分别对应插入两第一弧形孔中，另一旋转轴的两端分别对应插入两第二弧形孔中，且两旋转轴均安装箱门锁杆抱紧装置，两锁杆旋转油缸分别固定在两安装腔的侧壁上，且两锁杆旋转油缸的活塞杆端部连接套分别套于两旋转轴上，且活塞杆伸缩驱动箱门锁杆抱紧装置进行旋转；
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，其特征在于，两箱门锁杆抱紧装置均包括两个抱紧件和抱紧油缸，两个抱紧件相互组合形成Y字形状的抱紧组件， 抱紧组件纵向部和倾斜部之间具有通孔，且抱紧组件通过通孔套于旋转轴上，抱紧油缸的缸体一端与一抱紧件的倾斜部顶端销轴铰接，其活塞杆的另一端与另一抱紧件的倾斜部顶端销轴铰接；两个抱紧件的纵向部底端内侧具有与箱门锁杆圆形匹配的弧形槽；定位框体上和隔板上朝向箱门的一侧设置有两个定位槽，且两个定位槽分别与第一弧形孔和第二弧形孔位置对应，抱紧件上的弧形槽位置处设置有限位板，且限位板插入于定位槽内。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的一种集装箱空中翻转卸料专用吊具，其特征在于，还包括对下部安装腔内的旋转轴沿第二弧形孔轨迹位移行程进行限位的位移限位机构；位移限位机构包括限位油缸、旋转限位板、限位支座和限位销轴；限位销轴通过限位支座安装在定位框架的隔板上，并位于第二弧形孔的旁侧；旋转限位板利用其穿孔套于限位销轴上；限位油缸的缸体一端通过油缸支座安装在定位框架的隔板上，其活塞杆端部与旋转限位板进行销轴铰接；旋转限位板的底面具有两块相互对应间隔设置的限位挡板，两限位挡板分别位于旋转轴的两侧；旋转轴的端部从隔板上的第二弧形孔处伸出，其端部位于受限位挡板限位。
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CN115045543B (zh) * 2022-05-11 2023-08-04 甘肃工大舞台技术工程有限公司 一种舞台用悬吊、大跨度支撑翻转机构
CN115045543A (zh) * 2022-05-11 2022-09-13 甘肃工大舞台技术工程有限公司 一种舞台用悬吊、大跨度支撑翻转机构
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