WO2022028355A1 - 防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置及方法 - Google Patents

防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022028355A1
WO2022028355A1 PCT/CN2021/110000 CN2021110000W WO2022028355A1 WO 2022028355 A1 WO2022028355 A1 WO 2022028355A1 CN 2021110000 W CN2021110000 W CN 2021110000W WO 2022028355 A1 WO2022028355 A1 WO 2022028355A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
push rod
accelerator
worm
middle push
worm gear
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PCT/CN2021/110000
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘志光
Original Assignee
刘志光
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Publication date
Application filed by 刘志光 filed Critical 刘志光
Priority to DE112021001758.6T priority Critical patent/DE112021001758T5/de
Priority to JP2022570362A priority patent/JP2023534782A/ja
Priority to US17/928,203 priority patent/US20230249547A1/en
Publication of WO2022028355A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022028355A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K26/00Arrangements or mounting of propulsion unit control devices in vehicles
    • B60K26/04Arrangements or mounting of propulsion unit control devices in vehicles of means connecting initiating means or elements to propulsion unit
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K26/00Arrangements or mounting of propulsion unit control devices in vehicles
    • B60K26/02Arrangements or mounting of propulsion unit control devices in vehicles of initiating means or elements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K28/00Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions
    • B60K28/02Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/12Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K26/00Arrangements or mounting of propulsion unit control devices in vehicles
    • B60K26/04Arrangements or mounting of propulsion unit control devices in vehicles of means connecting initiating means or elements to propulsion unit
    • B60K2026/043Arrangements or mounting of propulsion unit control devices in vehicles of means connecting initiating means or elements to propulsion unit with mechanical gearings

Definitions

  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for changing the structure of the original car with minimal changes, conforming to traditional driving habits, and good reliability, preventing accidental stepping of the accelerator, refueling, and braking.
  • One end of the middle push rod return torsion spring is installed at the bottom of the rod head, and the other end is installed on the center hole wall of the middle push rod
  • Two open grooves are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the connecting sleeve along the radial direction, and the rod head between the U-shaped notch and the torsion spring installation shaft is provided with an annular outer groove corresponding to the two open grooves.
  • the rod head and the middle push rod are connected by a special-shaped circlip at the coincidence place, and a torsion spring pre-returning in the middle push rod is arranged in the annular outer groove of the rod head.
  • the stopper that cooperates with the special-shaped circlip under the action of the tightening force to allow the middle push rod to stop radially.
  • the external spline is completely dislocated in normal state.
  • the worm gear and worm mechanism drive the inner casing that can only move axially
  • the worm shaft is installed in the inner casing at the axial limit
  • the worm wheel is installed on the inner casing
  • the outer casing is fixedly installed with a tooth that cooperates with the worm gear through the worm gear shaft coupling gear.
  • the throttle push rod includes an upper push rod, a middle push rod and a lower push rod
  • the upper part of the worm is provided with a centrifugal disc
  • the centrifugal disc is hinged with a pair of pawls through the vertical shaft.
  • the spring for emergency refueling is provided with a central hole at the center of the middle push rod.
  • the outer edge of the middle push rod is provided with a long ratchet wheel that can be matched with the full stroke of the pawl.
  • the upper part of the middle push rod is connected to the upper push rod through a push rod linkage mechanism. One end is connected, the other end of the upper push rod is connected with the accelerator pedal radial limit, the lower part of the middle push rod is connected with the upper part of the lower push rod through the push rod connection mechanism, and the lower push rod is connected with the bottom of the outer casing through the sliding shaft fixed at the bottom.
  • the integrated slideway is connected with radial limit, and the lower push rod is also connected with the throttle cable.
  • the push rod linkage mechanism of the present invention comprises a rod head with a U-shaped notch on the upper end and a connecting sleeve arranged on the upper part of the middle push rod to cooperate with the rod head, and the inner diameter of the connecting sleeve on the middle push rod is larger than the diameter of the central hole to form a shoulder,
  • the bottom of the rod head is in contact with the shoulder surface, the lower end of the upper push rod is hinged in the U-shaped notch through a large pin shaft, the upper end of the upper push rod is connected with the accelerator pedal in the radial limit, and the bottom of the rod head is provided with a torsion spring coaxial with the rod head
  • the installation shaft, the torsion spring installation shaft is installed with a middle push rod return torsion spring that is prevented from falling off by the shaft retaining ring.
  • One end of the middle push rod return torsion spring is installed at the bottom of the rod head, and the other end is installed in the center hole of the middle push rod.
  • a circular inner groove is arranged on the inner pipe wall of the connecting sleeve, and there is also a technological gap connected with the circular inner groove for rod head installation on the inner pipe wall of the connecting sleeve.
  • the rod head between the spring installation shafts is provided with a through hole parallel to the U-shaped notch, and a small pin shaft is installed in the through hole, which is matched with the annular groove in the connecting sleeve.
  • the emergency refueling discriminating spring of the present invention is used to distinguish the stepping strength, speed and acceleration of the two working conditions of stepping on the accelerator for normal driving and quick stepping on the accelerator for overtaking driving, and to discriminate the spring force of the emergency refueling, the rotation ratio of the worm gear and the worm mechanism, and the iron throwing.
  • the size of the mass m and the torsion force of the pawl return torsion spring are also used to distinguish the stepping force, speed and acceleration between the overtaking driving and the accelerator pedaling condition and the accelerator pedaling condition.
  • Fig. 2 is the left side view of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is A-A view in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 7 is the top view of Fig. 6;
  • Figure 11 is a left side view of Figure 10;
  • Fig. 13 is the structural representation of embodiment 2 ratchet and pawl combined iron throwing, internal and external splines;
  • Push rod linkage mechanism 401 rod head, 402 connecting sleeve, 403 shoulder, 404 large pin, 405 torsion spring installation shaft, 406 push rod return torsion spring, 407 open groove, 408 special-shaped circlip, 409 circle Annular outer groove, 410 block; 411 small pin, 412 stop pin, 413 annular inner groove, 414 process notch, 415U-shaped notch;
  • a device for preventing accidental stepping on the accelerator for refueling and switching braking which includes an accelerator push rod connected to the accelerator pedal 21 and a current switch for connecting the current of the brake actuator, It also includes an outer casing 1 installed on the outer side of the front side plate of the cab.
  • the outer casing 1 is installed with a worm gear mechanism composed of a worm 12 and a worm wheel 11 to drive the inner casing 2 that can only move axially.
  • the other end of the worm 12 The washer 27 and the elastic retaining ring 24 for the worm shaft are axially limited and installed in the inner casing 2, the worm gear 11 is installed on the worm gear shaft through a flat key, and the worm gear 11 is installed on the inner casing 2 through the worm gear shaft coupling gear.
  • the body 1 is fixedly installed with a rack 19 that cooperates with the worm gear 11 through the worm gear shaft coupling gear.
  • the worm gear shaft coupling gear is a spur gear with a modulus of 1 to 1.25m and a number of teeth of 17 to 14 teeth. For example, the modulus is 1m, and the number of teeth is 17 teeth.
  • the throttle push rod includes an upper push rod 7, a middle push rod 8 and a lower push rod 9.
  • One end of the lever coupling fork 18 of the present invention is a fork head, and the lower fork side of the fork head can be extended and a hinge hole with the throttle connecting rod or the throttle cable is arranged on it, so as to increase or decrease the throttle connecting rod or the throttle cable
  • the other end is the hub, and the center of the hub is the shaft hole.
  • an extension rod with different angles and lengths from the fork rod and a hinge hole can be set to meet the requirements of various vehicle throttle connecting rods or
  • the stroke of the throttle cable is long or short, and the direction is push or pull. There is no need to change the design stroke of the upper, middle and lower push rods.
  • the accelerator When the accelerator is stepped on during normal driving and overtaking driving, its stepping force, speed and acceleration cannot trigger the combination of the pawl 302 and the ratchet 13, and the downward force received by the upper push rod 7 is transmitted to the inner casing 2 through the middle push rod 8 and the worm gear mechanism. Go down together with the lower push rod 9, and drive the throttle cable to adjust the throttle opening through the downward push rod 9; when the accelerator is accidentally stepped on in an emergency, the stepping force, speed and acceleration make the worm 12 connected to the centrifugal disc 10 high-speed rotation to trigger the pawl 302 Combined with the ratchet 13, it drives the middle push rod 8 to rotate and the trigger push rod connecting mechanism 5 works. First, the lower push rod 9 is inserted into the receiving hole 503 of the center hole of the middle push rod 8. Release the accelerator, and then trigger the current switch to turn on the current to make the brake execute. The mechanism performs the braking.
  • the push rod linkage mechanism 4 includes a rod head 401 with a U-shaped notch 415 at the upper end and a connecting sleeve 402 arranged on the upper part of the middle push rod 8 to cooperate with the rod head 401.
  • the inner diameter of the connecting sleeve 402 on the middle push rod 8 is larger than the center.
  • the hole diameter forms a shoulder 403, the bottom of the rod head 401 is in surface contact with the shoulder 403, the lower end of the upper push rod 7 is hinged in the U-shaped gap 415 through the large pin 404, and the upper end of the upper push rod 7 is connected with the accelerator pedal 21 in the radial limit , the bottom of the rod head 401 is provided with a torsion spring installation shaft 405 coaxial with the rod head 401, the torsion spring installation shaft 405 is installed with a middle push rod return torsion spring 406 that is prevented from falling off by a shaft retaining ring, and the middle push rod returns One end of the torsion spring 406 is installed on the bottom of the rod head 401, and the other end is installed on the hole wall of the center hole of the middle push rod 8.
  • the current switch includes a switch positive stator 26 installed insulated from the outer casing 1, and a switch positive stator 26 located on the upper part of the outer edge of the middle push rod 8, which can cooperate with the switch positive stator 26 to switch on and turn on the current leading to the brake actuator.
  • the length of the switch negative moving piece 20 and the switch positive stator 26 is longer than the axial stroke of the middle push rod 8, and two screw holes for installing the switch negative moving piece 20 are provided on one side of the middle part sandwiched by the opening groove 407 on the middle push rod.
  • the switch positive stator 26 of the present invention is provided with two fixing screws on one side of a long copper sheet.
  • the copper sheet and the screws must be insulated from the outer casing 1 except for the side contacting the switch negative moving piece 20 .
  • the switch negative moving piece 20 of the present invention is folded from a copper sheet, and has two mounting holes.
  • a method for preventing accidental stepping on the accelerator for refueling conversion and braking which utilizes the stepping force, speed and acceleration of the accelerator pedal 21 to trigger the anti-accidental stepping on the accelerator and refueling conversion braking device to make the accelerator refueling conversion braking, and prevent the accidental stepping on the accelerator for refueling conversion.
  • the braking device includes an accelerator push rod connected with the accelerator pedal 21 and a current switch for connecting the current of the braking actuator.
  • the worm gear and worm mechanism composed of the worm 12 and the worm wheel 11 drives the inner casing 2 which can only move axially.
  • the worm 12 is installed in the inner casing 2 in the axial limit.
  • a rack 19 is fixedly installed on the upper part, which cooperates with the worm wheel 11 through the worm gear shaft.
  • the throttle push rod includes an upper push rod 7, a middle push rod 8 and a lower push rod 9.
  • the upper part of the worm rod 12 is provided with a centrifugal disc 10.
  • the centrifugal disc 10 is hinged with a pair of pawls for throwing irons 3 through the vertical shaft 14 and the elastic retaining ring for the shaft.
  • the axial center of the 12-connected centrifugal disc 10 is provided with an axial through hole, and a middle push rod 8 is installed in the axial limit in the axial through hole.
  • the driver steps on the accelerator in normal driving and overtaking driving the stepping force, speed and acceleration cannot trigger the combination of the pawl 302 and the ratchet 13, and the downward force received by the upper push rod 7 is transmitted through the middle push rod 8 and the worm gear mechanism.
  • the inner casing 2 and the lower push rod 9 go down together, the worm gear shaft coupling gear on the inner casing 2 meshes with the upper rack 19 of the outer casing 1 and goes down, so that the worm 12 rotates at a low speed, and the downward force of the middle push rod 8 is transmitted to the push down.
  • the lever 9 makes the downward movement and also pushes the lever linkage fork 18 to drive the accelerator cable connected to it to adjust the accelerator opening; when the accelerator is accidentally stepped on in an emergency, the stepping force, speed and acceleration make the worm 12 connect with the centrifugal disc 10 to rotate at a high speed to drive the Throwing iron 301, triggering pawl 302 is combined with ratchet wheel 13, pawl 302 engages with the ratchet teeth on middle push rod 8 so that middle push rod 8 rotates along with it.
  • the elongated fan-shaped key on the lower push rod 9 will extend into the receiving hole 503 in the central hole of the middle push rod 8 through the fan-shaped groove at the lower end of the middle push rod 8.
  • the lower push rod 9 is connected by the lever under the action of the lever return tension spring.
  • the fork 18 pushes up and returns to drive the throttle cable to release the throttle to make the engine return to the idle state. Since the angle between the fan-shaped grooves is greater than the angle between the fan-shaped keys, the middle push rod 8 can be rotated slightly, and the switch negative moving piece 20 at the upper end is connected to the outer casing.
  • the positive stator 26 of the switch fixed and insulated on the body 1 is closed to turn on the current leading to the brake actuator to brake the vehicle.
  • the rotation of the middle push rod 8 can also be used to close other forms of the driving arm provided on the middle push rod.
  • the throttle push rod includes an upper push rod 7, a middle push rod 8 and a lower push rod 9.
  • the upper part of the worm 12 is provided with a centrifugal disc 10, on the centrifugal disc 10 is hinged a pair of pawls for iron throwing 3 through a vertical shaft 14 and an elastic retaining ring for the shaft.
  • the return torsion spring 17 is provided with an axial through hole at the axial center of the worm 12 connected to the centrifugal disc 10 , and a middle push rod 8 is installed in the axial through hole.
  • the push rod connecting mechanism 5 of the present invention includes an inner spline protruding in the hole provided at the lower part of the central hole of the middle push rod 8, and the central hole of the middle push rod 8 is divided into the lower push rod positioning hole 504,
  • the lower push rod 9 rises and returns to the accommodating hole 503, and the upper part of the lower push rod 9 is installed in the positioning hole 504 and is provided with an outer spline that can cooperate with the inner spline.
  • the part is the rotation angle required to make the middle push rod 8 rotate to trigger the current switch;
  • the push rod linkage mechanism 4 of the present invention includes a rod head 401 with a U-shaped notch 415 at the upper end and a connecting sleeve 402 arranged on the upper part of the middle push rod 8 to cooperate with the rod head 401.
  • the inner diameter of the connecting sleeve 402 on the middle push rod 8 The shoulder 403 is formed larger than the diameter of the central hole, the bottom of the rod head 401 is in contact with the shoulder 403, the lower end of the upper push rod 7 is hinged in the U-shaped gap 415 through the large pin 404, and the upper end of the upper push rod 7 is radially limited to the accelerator pedal 21.
  • the depth is 0.4 mm.
  • the radius of the arc-shaped annular groove 601 is consistent with the radius of the steel ball 602, and between the two arc-shaped annular grooves 601 The pitch is 0.3 mm
  • the outer casing 1 of the present invention is a full-circle tube on the upper part, and the upper part of the full-circle tube is provided with a casing notch 101 that does not hinder the full-stroke movement and rotation of the negative moving piece 20 on the middle push rod 8, and the middle part is a semicircle.
  • the radius of the lower part of the semi-circular pipe is the same as the radius of the upper semi-circular pipe in the whole length direction of the outer casing 1 of Example 1. The difference is that the radius of the upper part is larger than that of the upper part for installing the emergency refueling discriminating spring 22. 103.
  • the inner diameter of the fixed large semicircular tile 103 and the removable small semicircular tile 102 is the same as the inner diameter of the full-circle tube.
  • the fixed large semicircular tile 103 and the removable small semicircular tile 102 are outside
  • the diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the upper semicircular tube.
  • the small semicircular gap opposite the large semicircular tile should be able to pass through the two outer shaft seats 203 of the worm gear 11 on the inner shell 2 when the inner shell 2 is installed.
  • a bearing 204 is installed in the shaft seat 203, a rectangular gap 205 is provided on the tube body between the two outer shaft seats 203 for the meshing of the worm wheel 11 and the worm 12, and the upper part of the round tube body is provided with a negative pole that does not hinder the switch on the middle push rod 8.
  • the inner casing notch 206 required for the rotor 20 to rotate.
  • the protective cover on top of the outer casing presses the inner casing into the normal position.
  • an emergency refueling discriminating spring 22 is provided between the outer casing 1 and the lower half of the inner casing 2, a central hole is provided at the axis of the middle push rod 8, and an outer edge of the middle push rod 8 is provided with a
  • the pawl 302 corresponds to the elongated ratchet wheel 25 matched with the full stroke.
  • the upper part of the middle push rod 8 is connected with one end of the upper push rod 7 through the push rod linkage mechanism 4, and the other end of the upper push rod 7 is connected with the accelerator pedal 21 for radial limit.
  • the spring force of 22, the rotation ratio of the worm gear and the worm mechanism, the mass m of the cast iron 301 and the torsion force of the pawl return torsion spring are their values.
  • the condition interval is clear and the interval is large, and they do not overlap and interfere with each other.
  • the force of stepping on the accelerator pedal 21 is greater than 300N, and the acceleration a is greater than 30m/S 2 or more.
  • Opening degree when overtaking the accelerator, the force, speed and acceleration of the accelerator pedal 21 in some operating situations are within the upper limit range when the accelerator is normally stepped on, the worm gear mechanism and the inner casing 2 do not move, and the upper, middle and lower
  • the three push rods are linked downward and adjust the throttle opening through the throttle cable.
  • the downward speed and acceleration of the middle push rod 8 will be greater than the gravitational acceleration of the steel ball 602 on the middle push rod 8 falling by 9.8m/S 2 .
  • the middle push rod 8 does not rotate, so that the upper push rod 7, the middle push rod 8, the worm gear mechanism, and the inner casing 2 go down together to push the lower push rod 9 to drive the lever linkage fork 18 to adjust the throttle opening through the throttle cable; in case of emergency
  • the middle push rod 8 locks the worm 12 through the steel ball 602
  • the emergency locking mechanism 6 works, and the middle push rod 8 pushes the worm wheel 11 down rapidly through the worm 12 and the inner casing 2, and the worm
  • the centrifugal disc 10 on the 12 rotates at a high speed to drive the iron throwing 301, triggering the pawl 302 to combine with the elongated ratchet 25, and the pawl 302 engages with the ratchet teeth on the middle push rod 8, so that the middle push rod 8 rotates with the worm 12, and the middle push rod 8 rotates with the worm 12.
  • the elongated fan-shaped key 502 on the lower push rod 9 that cannot be rotated and can only move up and down will extend into the receiving hole 503 in the central hole of the middle push rod 8 through the fan-shaped groove 501 at the lower end of the middle push rod 8.
  • the lever linkage fork 18 is used to push the upward return position to release the accelerator and return to the engine idle state. Since the angle of the fan-shaped groove is greater than the angle of the fan-shaped key, the middle push rod 8 can be rotated slightly, and the upper end of the push rod 8 can be rotated slightly.
  • the stepper motor rotates the brake pedal by adding a gear on the output shaft of the stepper motor, and adding a sector gear to the hub of the hinge between the brake pedal and the pedal shaft Make them mesh, and design the rotation angle of the stepper motor to be the same as the rotation angle of the brake pedal to the end.
  • the other forms of current switches such as similar travel switches or push-type current switches, are just the forks of the travel switch.
  • the fork edge should be elongated to meet the needs of the up and down movement of the middle push rod 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Drives, Propulsion Controls, And Safety Devices (AREA)
  • Braking Elements And Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供一种防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置及方法,装置包括油门推杆、电流开关、外壳体、蜗轮蜗杆机构和内壳体;油门推杆包括上推杆、中推杆和下推杆,中推杆与外壳体之间设有电流开关,蜗轮安装在内壳体上,蜗杆安装在内壳体内且上部设离心盘,离心盘上铰接棘爪联甩铁,中推杆安装在蜗杆的轴向通孔中且外缘设有棘轮;正常行车和超车行车踩踏油门时,踩踏力度和速度及加速度不能触发棘爪与棘轮结合,下推杆下行带动油门拉线调整油门开度;遇紧急情况误踩油门时,离心盘高速转动,触发棘爪与棘轮结合,带动中推杆转动,触发中推杆和下推杆之间的推杆连接机构工作,先使下推杆伸入中推杆中心孔内以松开油门,再触发电流开关以执行制动。

Description

防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车安全技术领域,具体地说是一种防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置及方法。
背景技术
随着我国跟随世界发达国家也迅速进入汽车社会,国内汽车保有量和新驾驶员急剧增加,交通事故发生率也越来越高。老驾驶员在精神紧张或疲惫以及遇到紧急突发情形时,也不敢保证不会出现误将油门当刹车踩踏的情况发生,何况新驾驶员由于驾驶技术不熟练更容易产生紧张情绪在遇到紧急突发情形时容易慌乱忙中出错,极有可能导致误将油门当刹车猛踩,车辆反而急剧加速,一但发生极易造成车毁人亡的严重的恶性交通事故,为此,有的车辆生产厂家以及一些关注人士致力于误踩油门安全保护装置的研发。已有不少相关论文和发明专利,目前防误踩踏油门系统主要分为两大类:一种是机械类,另一种是电子类。机械类防误踩油门系统普遍对油门与制动踏板内部结构改动较大,改变现行的操作界面,从而需改变驾驶员们已定型的操作行为,改变踩油门和制动脚部的正常感受,对已形成的驾驶习惯有一定的影响,人们很难适应;通用性差;虽然成本较低,结构较简单,但反应灵敏度不够,判别精度有待提高;有的误踩油门是先加油后制动,停车距离大大拉长,事故出了才停住车,反而更不安全,成熟性较差,难以在车辆中进行普及应。电子类设计虽然对原车结构改造少,但对系统工作的可靠性要求较高,系统复杂,对传感器的采集精度要求非常高;电器件接触点多,容易出现接触不良故障,可靠性差;智能化控制方式,对单片机系统可靠性要求高,存在反应滞后的问题,当系统判别驾驶员为误踩油门时油门已被踩到了底,虽然最后实现了紧急制动,但制动距离已经很长,会出事故的已经出了才停住;制造成本高,不利于产品化大量投入到车辆的实际应用当中。对超车急加油工况跟紧急制动工况的重叠区难以辨识,驾驶员本想加油超车实现的却是刹车。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种对原车的结构改变极小、符合传统的驾驶习惯、可靠性好的防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置及方法。
本发明是采用如下技术方案实现其发明目的的,一种防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置,它包括与油门踏板连接的油门推杆及接通制动执行机构电流的电流开关,它还包括外壳体,外壳体内安装有由蜗杆和蜗轮组成的蜗轮蜗杆机构带动只能轴向移动的内壳体,蜗杆轴向限位安装在内壳体内,蜗轮安装在内壳体上,外壳体上固定安装有通过蜗轮轴联齿轮与蜗轮配合的齿条,所述的油门推杆包括上推杆、中推杆和下推杆,所述的蜗杆上部设有离心盘,离心盘上通过竖轴铰接有一对棘爪联甩铁,棘爪联甩铁与离心盘之间设有回位扭簧,所述的蜗杆连离心盘的轴心处设有轴向通孔,轴向通孔中轴向限位安装有中推杆,中推杆轴心处设有中心孔,中推杆外缘设有可与棘爪对应配合的棘轮,中推杆上部通过推杆联动机构与上推杆一端连接,上推杆另一端与油门踏板径向限位连接,中推杆下部通过推 杆连接机构与下推杆上部相接,下推杆通过固定其底部的滑轴与外壳体底部连成一体的滑道径向限位连接,下推杆还与油门拉线相连,中推杆与外壳体之间设有可由中推杆转动而接通通往制动执行机构电流的电流开关;
当正常行车和超车行车踩踏油门时,其踩踏力度和速度及加速度不能触发棘爪与棘轮结合,上推杆受的下行力经中推杆、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体和下推杆一同下行,通过下推杆下行带动油门拉线调整油门开度;当遇紧急情况误踩油门时,踩踏力度和速度及加速度使蜗杆连离心盘高速转动触发棘爪与棘轮结合带动中推杆转动触发推杆连接机构工作先使下推杆伸入中推杆中心孔内松开油门再触发电流开关接通电流使制动执行机构执行制动。
本发明所述推杆连接机构包括中推杆中心孔下部设有的在孔内凸起的内花键,通过内花键将中推杆中心孔分隔成下推杆定位孔、下推杆上升回位容纳孔,下推杆上部安装在定位孔内并设有可与内花键配合的外花键,内花槽的宽度要大于外花键的宽度,大于部分是使中推杆转动触发电流开关所需的旋转角度;
所述的内花键的槽为一对对称布置的扇状内花槽,所述的外花键的键为一对对称布置的长条形扇状外花键;
所述推杆联动机构包括上端设有U形缺口的杆头及设置在中推杆上部与杆头配合的连接套管,中推杆上连接套管内径大于中心孔孔径形成挡肩,杆头底部与挡肩面接触,上推杆下端通过大销轴铰接在U形缺口内,上推杆上端与油门踏板径向限位连接,杆头底部设有与杆头同轴的扭簧安装轴,扭簧安装轴上安装有通过轴用挡圈防脱落的中推杆回位扭簧,中推杆回位扭簧的一端安装在杆头底部,另一端安装在中推杆中心孔孔壁上,连接套管两侧沿径向对称设有两个开口槽,U形缺口与扭簧安装轴之间的杆头上设有与两开口槽对应的圆环形外凹槽,两开口槽与圆环形外凹槽之间配合后有重合,杆头与中推杆在重合处通过异型卡簧连接,杆头的圆环形外凹槽内设有一在中推杆回位扭簧预紧力作用下与异型卡簧配合让中推杆可径向停靠的挡块,挡块在杆头的圆环形外凹槽内径向位置使中推杆中心孔内内花槽与下推杆外花键常态时为完全错位状态。
所述的电流开关包括与外壳体绝缘安装的开关正极定片和设在中推杆外缘上部可与开关正极定片配合合闸用于接通通往制动执行机构电流的开关负极动片,开关正极定片的长度大于中推杆轴向行程。
本发明所述棘爪联甩铁由甩铁和棘爪组成,棘爪上设有与竖轴配合的安装孔,棘爪为3~8mm厚的尖形爪,远离棘爪爪尖的一端为与棘爪连成一体的甩铁,甩铁为凸出棘爪上平面的半截腰形块,半截腰形块的厚度为棘爪厚度的二倍~三倍,棘爪常态时通过安装在离心盘上的挡柱定位。
一种防误踩油门加油转换制动的方法,它利用对油门踏板的踩踏力度和速度及加速度通过触发防误踩油门加油转换制动装置使油门加油转换制动,防误踩油门加油转换制动装置包括与油门踏板连接的油门推杆及接通制动执行机构电流的电流开关,所述的防误踩油门加油转换制动装置它还包括外壳体,外壳体内安装有由蜗杆和蜗轮组成的蜗轮蜗杆机构带动只能轴向移动的内壳体,蜗杆轴向限位安装在内壳体内,蜗轮安装在内壳体上,外壳体上固定安装有通过蜗轮轴联齿轮与蜗轮配合的齿条,所述的油门推杆包括上推杆、中推杆和下推杆,所述的蜗杆上部设有离心盘,离心盘上通过竖轴铰接有一对棘爪联甩铁,棘 爪联甩铁与离心盘之间设有回位扭簧,所述的蜗杆连离心盘的轴心处设有轴向通孔,轴向通孔中轴向限位安装有中推杆,中推杆轴心处设有中心孔,中推杆外缘设有可与棘爪对应配合的棘轮,中推杆上部通过推杆联动机构与上推杆一端连接,上推杆另一端与油门踏板径向限位连接,中推杆下部通过推杆连接机构与下推杆上部相接,下推杆通过固定其底部的滑轴与外壳体底部连成一体的滑道径向限位连接,下推杆还与油门拉线相连,中推杆与外壳体之间设有可由中推杆转动而接通通往制动执行机构电流的电流开关;当正常行车和超车行车踩踏油门时,其踩踏力度和速度及加速度不能触发棘爪与棘轮结合,上推杆受的下行力经中推杆、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体和下推杆一同下行,通过下推杆下行带动油门拉线调整油门开度;当遇紧急情况误踩油门时,踩踏力度和速度及加速度使蜗杆连离心盘高速转动触发棘爪与棘轮结合带动中推杆转动触发推杆连接机构工作先使下推杆伸入中推杆中心孔内松开油门再触发电流开关接通电流使制动执行机构执行制动。
一种防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置,它包括与油门踏板连接的油门推杆及接通制动执行机构电流的电流开关,它利用对油门踏板的踩踏力度和速度及加速度触发油门加油转换制动,它还包括外壳体,外壳体内安装有由蜗杆和蜗轮组成的蜗轮蜗杆机构带动只能轴向移动的内壳体,蜗杆轴向限位安装在内壳体内,蜗轮安装在内壳体上,外壳体上固定安装有通过蜗轮轴联齿轮与蜗轮配合的齿条,所述的油门推杆包括上推杆、中推杆和下推杆,所述的蜗杆上部设有离心盘,离心盘上通过竖轴铰接有一对棘爪联甩铁,棘爪联甩铁与离心盘之间设有回位扭簧,所述的蜗杆连离心盘的轴心处设有轴向通孔,轴向通孔中安装有中推杆,轴向通孔与中推杆之间设有使中推杆带动蜗杆移动的急锁止机构,外壳体与内壳体的下半部之间设有急加油判别弹簧,中推杆轴心处设有中心孔,中推杆外缘设有可与棘爪对应全行程配合的长条形棘轮,中推杆上部通过推杆联动机构与上推杆一端连接,上推杆另一端与油门踏板径向限位连接,中推杆下部通过推杆连接机构与下推杆上部相接,下推杆通过固定其底部的滑轴与外壳体底部连成一体的滑道径向限位连接,下推杆还与油门拉线相连,中推杆与外壳体之间设有可由中推杆转动而接通通往制动执行机构电流的电流开关;当正常行车踩踏油门时,油门踏板的踩踏力度和速度及加速度不会触发急锁止机构工作,蜗轮蜗杆机构不移动也不转动,棘爪与长条形棘轮不结合,因有急加油判别弹簧的阻力仅上推杆、中推杆、下推杆联动下行调整油门开度;当超车行车急踩油门时,依踩油门的力度和速度及加速度会出现两种情况,第一是急锁止机构仍不工作,蜗轮蜗杆机构不移动也不转动,棘爪与长条形棘轮不结合,也仅上、中、下三推杆联动下行调整油门开度,第二是急锁止机构工作,但蜗轮蜗杆机构为低或中速移动和转动,不能触发棘爪与长条形棘轮结合,上推杆受的下行力经中推杆、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体和下推杆克服急加油判别弹簧的阻力一同下行调整油门开度;当遇紧急情况误踩油门时,油门踏板的踩踏力度和速度及加速度触发急锁止机构工作,上推杆受的下行力经中推杆、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体克服急加油判别弹簧的阻力下行,蜗杆连离心盘高速转动触发棘爪与长条形棘轮结合带动中推杆转动触发推杆连接机构工作先使下推杆伸入中推杆中心孔内松开油门再触发电流开关接通电流使制动执行机构执行制动。
本发明所述推杆连接机构包括中推杆中心孔下部设有的在孔内凸起的内花键,通过内花键将中推杆中心孔分隔成下推杆定位孔、下推杆上升回位容纳孔,下推杆上部安装在定位孔内并设有可与内花键配合的外花键,内花槽的宽度要大于外花键的宽度,大于部 分是使中推杆转动触发电流开关所需的旋转角度;
所述的内花键的槽为一对对称布置的扇状内花槽,所述的外花键的键为一对对称布置的长条形扇状外花键;
本发明所述推杆联动机构包括上端设有U形缺口的杆头及设置在中推杆上部与杆头配合的连接套管,中推杆上连接套管内径大于中心孔孔径形成挡肩,杆头底部与挡肩面接触,上推杆下端通过大销轴铰接在U形缺口内,上推杆上端与油门踏板径向限位连接,杆头底部设有与杆头同轴的扭簧安装轴,扭簧安装轴上安装有通过轴用挡圈防脱落的中推杆回位扭簧,中推杆回位扭簧的一端安装在杆头底部,另一端安装在中推杆中心孔孔壁上,连接套管内管壁上设一圆环形内凹槽,连接套管内管壁上还设有与圆环形内凹槽连通用于杆头安装的工艺缺口,U形缺口与扭簧安装轴之间的杆头上设有与U形缺口平行的通孔,通孔内安装有与连接套管内圆环形内凹槽配合的小销轴,杆头通过小销轴与中推杆连接,中推杆的圆环形内凹槽内设有一在中推杆回位扭簧预紧力作用下与杆头上的小销轴配合让中推杆可径向停靠的挡销,挡销在中推杆连接套管圆环形内凹槽内径向位置使中推杆中心孔内内花槽与下推杆外花键常态时为完全错位状态。
所述的电流开关包括与外壳体绝缘安装的开关正极定片和设在中推杆外缘上部可与开关正极定片配合合闸用于接通通往制动执行机构电流的开关负极动片,开关正极定片的长度大于中推杆轴向行程。
本发明为识别正常踩油门、超车急踩油门跟误踩油门这三种工况,所述急锁止机构包括沿蜗杆轴向通孔轴向均匀排列在孔壁上的圆弧形圆环凹槽和设置在中推杆外缘中部沿径向均布与圆弧形圆环凹槽配合的U形凹缺,所述的U形凹缺上为斜置U形下为竖直U形,U形凹缺内安装有钢珠。
本发明所述的外壳体是上部为全圆管,全圆管上部分设有不阻碍中推杆上开关负极动片上下全行程移动和转动所需的外壳缺口,中部为半圆管,半圆管下部分的半径大于其上部分的半径用于安装急加油判别弹簧,半圆管下端设有一固定大半圆瓦,固定大半圆瓦对面设有可卸小半圆瓦,固定大半圆瓦和可卸小半圆瓦内径与全圆管内径相同,固定大半圆瓦和可卸小半圆瓦外径与上部半圆管的外径相同,大半圆瓦相对的小半圆缺口要能在安装内壳体时内壳体上两个安装蜗轮的外轴座能通过,大半圆瓦下部为两个对称的滑轴支承,滑轴支承上设有竖直向滑道,全圆管和半圆管一侧从半圆体两边出发设有防护壳,正对半圆管防护壳壁上设有两个齿条安装孔,防护壳的相对开关负极动片转动方向一侧的壳壁上设有两个开关正极定片安装孔,上述可卸小半圆瓦上带有防护铁片,固定大半圆瓦和可卸小半圆瓦两边设有安装耳,全圆管和防护壳上设有外壳体安装座耳;
所述的内壳体为一圆管体,圆管体内壁中段设有上下两个用来轴向限位蜗杆的内圆环凸肩,圆管体外缘中段设有一用于安装急加油判别弹簧的外圆环凸肩,圆管体外缘中段两边设有两个安装蜗轮的外轴座,外轴座中安装有轴承,两轴座中间的管体上设有一用于蜗轮蜗杆啮合需要的矩形缺口,圆管体上部分设有不阻碍中推杆上开关负极动片上下全行程移动和转动所需的内壳缺口。
一种防误踩油门加油转换制动的方法,它利用对油门踏板的踩踏力度和速度及加速度通过触发防误踩油门加油转换制动装置使油门加油转换制动,防误踩油门加油转换制动装置包括与油门踏板连接的油门推杆及接通制动执行机构电流的电流开关,所述的防误踩油 门加油转换制动装置还包括外壳体,外壳体内安装有由蜗杆和蜗轮组成的蜗轮蜗杆机构带动只能轴向移动的内壳体,蜗杆轴向限位安装在内壳体内,蜗轮安装在内壳体上,外壳体上固定安装有通过蜗轮轴联齿轮与蜗轮配合的齿条,所述的油门推杆包括上推杆、中推杆和下推杆,所述的蜗杆上部设有离心盘,离心盘上通过竖轴铰接有一对棘爪联甩铁,棘爪联甩铁与离心盘之间设有回位扭簧,所述的蜗杆连离心盘的轴心处设有轴向通孔,轴向通孔中安装有中推杆,轴向通孔与中推杆之间设有使中推杆带动蜗杆移动的急锁止机构,外壳体与内壳体的下半部之间设有急加油判别弹簧,中推杆轴心处设有中心孔,中推杆外缘设有可与棘爪对应全行程配合的长条形棘轮,中推杆上部通过推杆联动机构与上推杆一端连接,上推杆另一端与油门踏板径向限位连接,中推杆下部通过推杆连接机构与下推杆上部相接,下推杆通过固定其底部的滑轴与外壳体底部连成一体的滑道径向限位连接,下推杆还与油门拉线相连,中推杆与外壳体之间设有可由中推杆转动而接通通往制动执行机构电流的电流开关;当正常行车踩踏油门时,油门踏板的踩踏力度和速度及加速度不会触发急锁止机构工作,蜗轮蜗杆机构不移动也不转动,棘爪与长条形棘轮不结合,因有急加油判别弹簧的阻力仅上推杆、中推杆、下推杆联动下行调整油门开度;当超车行车急踩油门时,依踩油门的力度和速度及加速度会出现两种情况,第一是急锁止机构仍不工作,蜗轮蜗杆机构不移动也不转动,棘爪与长条形棘轮不结合,也仅上、中、下三推杆联动下行调整油门开度,第二是急锁止机构工作,但蜗轮蜗杆机构为低或中速移动和转动,不能触发棘爪与长条形棘轮结合,上推杆受的下行力经中推杆、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体和下推杆克服急加油判别弹簧的阻力一同下行调整油门开度;当遇紧急情况误踩油门时,油门踏板的踩踏力度和速度及加速度触发急锁止机构工作,上推杆受的下行力经中推杆、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体克服急加油判别弹簧的阻力下行,蜗杆连离心盘高速转动触发棘爪与长条形棘轮结合带动中推杆转动触发推杆连接机构工作先使下推杆伸入中推杆中心孔内松开油门再触发电流开关接通电流使制动执行机构执行制动。
本发明所述的急加油判别弹簧用于区分正常行车踩油门与超车行车急踩油门这二种工况的踩踏力度和速度及加速度,急加油判别弹簧弹力、蜗轮蜗杆机构的转动比、甩铁质量m的大小和棘爪回位扭簧的扭力亦用来区分超车行车急踩油门工况与猛烈加力加速误踩油门工况的踩踏力度和速度及加速度,设置好急加油判别弹簧弹力、蜗轮蜗杆机构转动比、甩铁质量m大小和棘爪回位扭簧扭力它们的值,采用踩踏板力和踩踏板速度以及加速度双项触发工作方式,能确保这三种工况区间分明且间隔较大,互不重叠相扰。
由于采用上述技术方案,本发明较好的实现了发明目的,其三种工况识别间距大,互不重叠相扰,判别精度高,紧急情况踩油门加油时可以瞬时转换为先松开油门再紧急制动;需要超车或其他情况时,能正常行车,没有电子类的反应滞后的问题,蜗轮蜗杆机构、齿轮齿条机构响应行程短时间也短,通用性极强,适合所有车辆,完全可以在各类车辆中进行普及应用,能大大提高车辆安全性能,对减少交通事故具有预料不到的好技术效果。
附图说明
图1是实施例1的结构示意图;
图2是图1的左视图;
图3是图2中A-A视图;
图4是图1中B-B视图;
图5是实施例2的结构示意图;
图6是图5的左视图;
图7是图6的俯视图;
图8是图6中C-C视图;
图9是外壳体的结构示意图;
图10是内壳体的结构示意图;
图11是图10的左视图;
图12是图11的俯视图;
图13是实施例2棘轮棘爪联甩铁、内外花键的结构示意图;
图14是急锁止机构的结构示意图。
图中:1外壳体,101外壳缺口,102可卸小半圆瓦,103固定大半圆瓦,104防护壳,105齿条安装孔,106开关正极定片安装孔,107滑轴支承;
2内壳体,201内圆环凸肩,202外圆环凸肩,203外轴座,204轴承,205矩形缺口;206内壳缺口
3棘爪联甩铁,301甩铁,302棘爪,303挡柱;
4推杆联动机构,401杆头,402连接套管,403挡肩,404大销轴,405扭簧安装轴,406中推杆回位扭簧,407开口槽,408异型卡簧,409圆环形外凹槽,410挡块;411小销轴,412挡销,413圆环形内凹槽,414工艺缺口,415U形缺口;
5推杆连接机构,501扇状内花槽,502扇状外花键,503容纳孔,504定位孔;
6急锁止机构,601圆弧形圆环凹槽,602钢珠,603U形凹缺;
7上推杆,8中推杆,9下推杆,10离心盘,11蜗轮,12蜗杆,13棘轮,14竖轴,15滑轴,16滑道,17回位扭簧,18杠杆联拨叉,19齿条,20开关负极动片,21油门踏板,22急加油判别弹簧,24蜗杆轴用弹性挡圈,25长条形棘轮,26开关正极定片,27垫圈。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1:
由图1、图2、图3、图4可知,一种防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置,它包括与油门踏板21连接的油门推杆及接通制动执行机构电流的电流开关,它还包括安装在驾驶室前侧板外侧上的外壳体1,外壳体1内安装有由蜗杆12和蜗轮11组成的蜗轮蜗杆机构带动只能轴向移动的内壳体2,蜗杆12另一端通过垫圈27和蜗杆轴用弹性挡圈24轴向限位安装在内壳体2内,蜗轮11通过平键安装在蜗轮轴上,蜗轮11通过蜗轮轴联齿轮安装在内壳体2上,外壳体1上固定安装有通过蜗轮轴联齿轮与蜗轮11配合的齿条19,所述的蜗轮轴联齿轮为直齿圆柱齿轮,模数为1~1.25m,齿数为17~14齿,本实施例模数为1m,齿数为17齿,所述的油门推杆包括上推杆7、中推杆8和下推杆9,所述的蜗杆12上部设有离心盘10,离心盘10上通过竖轴14及轴用弹性挡圈铰接有一对棘爪联甩铁3,棘爪联甩铁3与离心盘10之间设有回位扭簧17,所述的蜗杆12连离心盘10的轴心处设有轴向通孔,轴向通孔中通过弹性挡圈轴向限位安装有中推杆8,中推杆8轴心处设有中心孔,中推杆8外缘设有可与棘爪302对应配合的棘轮13, 中推杆8上部通过推杆联动机构4与上推杆7一端连接,上推杆7另一端与油门踏板21径向限位连接,中推杆8下部通过推杆连接机构5与下推杆9上部相接,下推杆9通过固定其底部的滑轴15与外壳体1底部连成一体的滑道16径向限位连接,滑轴15在滑道16内上下移动不能让下推杆径向转动,下推杆9还与油门拉线相连,中推杆8与外壳体1之间设有可由中推杆8转动而接通通往制动执行机构电流的电流开关;下推杆9通过滑轴15与杠杆联拨叉18连接,杠杆联拨叉18杆件上不同位置的孔通过油门连接杆或油门拉线与发动机油门相连;
本发明所述的杠杆联拨叉18一端为叉头,叉头的下叉边可以伸长并在其上设置与油门连接杆或油门拉线的铰链孔,用以增减油门连接杆或油门拉线的行程,另一端为毂,毂的中心是轴孔,从毂部出发可设与拨叉杆不同夹角不同长度并带有铰链孔的伸出杆,用以满足各种车辆油门连接杆或油门拉线行程是长是短,方向是推是拉的不同需要,无需改变上、中、下三推杆的设计行程。根据安装空间和油门踏板21能产生的行程尽量拉长上、中、下三推杆的设计行程,以获取蜗轮蜗杆机构带动棘轮棘爪机构工作响应行程与上、中、下三推杆设计行程的最小比值,通过改变杠杆联拨叉18杆件上的铰链孔位置达到尽量缩小在误踩油门需紧急制动时棘轮棘爪机构机构工作响应行程时间段给油门开度的增加量。
当正常行车和超车行车踩踏油门时,其踩踏力度和速度及加速度不能触发棘爪302与棘轮13结合,上推杆7受的下行力经中推杆8、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体2和下推杆9一同下行,通过下推杆9下行带动油门拉线调整油门开度;当遇紧急情况误踩油门时,踩踏力度和速度及加速度使蜗杆12连离心盘10高速转动触发棘爪302与棘轮13结合带动中推杆8转动触发推杆连接机构5工作先使下推杆9伸入中推杆8中心孔的容纳孔503内松开油门再触发电流开关接通电流使制动执行机构执行制动。
本发明所述推杆连接机构5包括中推杆8中心孔下部设有的在孔内凸起的内花键,通过内花键将中推杆8中心孔分隔成下推杆定位孔504、下推杆9上升回位容纳孔503、下推杆9上部安装在定位孔504内并设有可与内花键配合的外花键,内花槽的宽度要大于外花键的宽度,大于部分是使中推杆8转动触发电流开关所需的转动角度;
所述的内花键的槽为一对对称布置的扇状内花槽501,所述的外花键的键为一对对称布置的长条形扇状外花键502;
所述推杆联动机构4包括上端设有U形缺口415的杆头401及设置在中推杆8上部与杆头401配合的连接套管402,中推杆8上连接套管402内径大于中心孔孔径形成挡肩403,杆头401底部与挡肩403面接触,上推杆7下端通过大销轴404铰接在U形缺口415内,上推杆7上端与油门踏板21径向限位连接,杆头401底部设有与杆头401同轴的扭簧安装轴405,扭簧安装轴405上安装有通过轴用挡圈防脱落的中推杆回位扭簧406,中推杆回位扭簧406的一端安装在杆头401底部,另一端安装在中推杆8中心孔孔壁上,连接套管402两侧沿径向对称设有两个开口槽407,U形缺口415与扭簧安装轴405之间的杆头401上设有与两开口槽407对应的圆环形外凹槽409,两开口槽407与圆环形外凹槽409之间配合后有重合,杆头401与中推杆8在重合处通过异型卡簧408连接,杆头401的圆环形外凹槽409内设有一在中推杆回位扭簧406预紧力作用下与异型卡簧408配合让中推杆8可径向停靠的挡块410,挡块410在杆头401的圆环形外凹槽409内径向位置使中推杆8中心孔内内花槽与下推杆9外花键常态时为完全错位状态。所述中推杆回位扭簧406另一端安装在中推杆8中心孔孔壁上,为便于安装可在中推杆8中心孔内壁安装孔位置竖直往上设一引导槽。
所述的电流开关包括与外壳体1绝缘安装的开关正极定片26和设在中推杆8外缘上部可与开关正极定片26配合合闸用于接通通往制动执行机构电流的开关负极动片20,开关正极定片26的长度大于中推杆8轴向行程,中推杆上开口槽407所夹中间部分一边设有两个安装开关负极动片20的螺丝孔。
本发明所述棘爪联甩铁3由甩铁301和棘爪302组成,棘爪302上设有与竖轴14配合的安装孔,棘爪302为3~8mm厚的尖形爪,本实施例为4mm厚的尖形爪,远离棘爪302爪尖的一端为与棘爪302连成一体的甩铁301,甩铁301为凸出棘爪302上平面的半截腰形块,半截腰形块的厚度为棘爪302厚度的二倍~三倍,本实施例半截腰形块的厚度为棘爪302厚度的二倍,棘爪302常态时通过安装在离心盘10上的挡柱303定位,挡柱303用于棘爪302及其回位扭簧17一端的挡靠,本实施例挡柱303直径3mm,回位扭簧17另一端靠在凸出的半截腰形块上。
本发明所述的开关正极定片26是在一长条形铜片一面设有两个固定螺丝,铜片和螺丝除与开关负极动片20接触的一面外其余都必须与外壳体1绝缘。
本发明所述的开关负极动片20是由铜片折成,上有两个安装孔。
一种防误踩油门加油转换制动的方法,它利用对油门踏板21的踩踏力度和速度及加速度通过触发防误踩油门加油转换制动装置使油门加油转换制动,防误踩油门加油转换制动装置包括与油门踏板21连接的油门推杆及接通制动执行机构电流的电流开关,所述的防误踩油门加油转换制动装置它还包括外壳体1,外壳体1内安装有由蜗杆12和蜗轮11组成的蜗轮蜗杆机构带动只能轴向移动的内壳体2,蜗杆12轴向限位安装在内壳体2内,蜗轮11安装在内壳体2上,外壳体1上固定安装有通过蜗轮轴联齿轮与蜗轮11配合的齿条19,所述的油门推杆包括上推杆7、中推杆8和下推杆9,所述的蜗杆12上部设有离心盘10,离心盘10上通过竖轴14及轴用弹性挡圈铰接有一对棘爪联甩铁3,棘爪联甩铁3与离心盘10之间设有回位扭簧17,所述的蜗杆12连离心盘10的轴心处设有轴向通孔,轴向通孔中轴向限位安装有中推杆8,中推杆8轴心处设有中心孔,中推杆8外缘设有可与棘爪302对应配合的棘轮13,中推杆8上部通过推杆联动机构4与上推杆7一端连接,上推杆7兄一端与油门踏板21径向限位连接,中推杆8下部通过推杆连接机构5与下推杆9上部相接,下推杆9通过固定其底部的滑轴15与外壳体1底部连成一体的滑道16径向限位连接,下推杆9还与油门拉线相连,中推杆8与外壳体1之间设有可由中推杆8转动而接通通往制动执行机构电流的电流开关;当正常行车和超车行车踩踏油门时,其踩踏力度和速度及加速度不能触发棘爪302与棘轮13结合,上推杆7受的下行力经中推杆8、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体2和下推杆9一同下行,通过下推杆9下行带动油门拉线调整油门开度;当遇紧急情况误踩油门时,踩踏力度和速度及加速度使蜗杆12连离心盘10高速转动触发棘爪302与棘轮13结合带动中推杆8转动触发推杆连接机构5工作先使下推杆9伸入中推杆8中心孔的容纳孔503内松开油门再触发电流开关接通电流使制动执行机构执行制动;还可下推杆9通过滑轴15与杠杆联拨叉18连接,杠杆联拨叉18杆件上不同位置的孔通过油门连接杆或油门拉线与发动机油门相连。
本实施例当驾驶员正常行车和超车行车踩踏油门时,其踩踏力度和速度及加速度不能触发棘爪302与棘轮13结合,上推杆7受的下行力经中推杆8、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体2和下推杆9一同下行,内壳体2上蜗轮轴联齿轮与外壳体1上齿条19啮合下行使得蜗杆12低速转动,同时中推杆8的下行力传递给下推杆9使之下行亦推动杠杆联拨叉18带动连接其上 的油门拉线调整油门开度;当遇紧急情况误踩油门时,踩踏力度和速度及加速度使蜗杆12连离心盘10高速转动从而带动甩铁301,触发棘爪302与棘轮13结合,棘爪302与中推杆8上的棘齿啮合使中推杆8跟随转动,中推杆8转动一定角度后,不能转动只能上下移动的下推杆9上长条形扇状键会通过中推杆8下端扇状槽伸入中推杆8中心孔内的容纳孔503,下推杆9是在杠杆回位拉簧作用下通过杠杆联拨叉18推动上升回位带动油门拉线松开油门使发动机回到怠速状态,由于扇状槽夹角大于扇状键夹角,中推杆8可再稍微转动,其上端的开关负极动片20就与外壳体1上固定绝缘安装的开关正极定片26合闸接通通往制动执行机构的电流制动车辆,也可用中推杆8的转动通过中推杆上设有的驱动臂合闸其他形式的电流开关接通制动执行机构电流制动车辆;所述制动执行机构为发明CN201811378952.1中的电磁离合型或步进电机,使汽车力负反馈加力制动装置工作或步进电机带转制动踏板制动车辆,所述步进电机带转制动踏板是在步进电机输出轴上加装齿轮,又在制动踏板与踏板轴铰链的毂部加设扇形齿轮并使它们啮合,将步进电机转动的角度设计得跟制动踏板制动到底所转动的角度相同,所述其他形式的电流开关例如类似行程开关或按压式电流开关,只是行程开关的拨叉叉边要是长条形以适应中推杆8上下运动的需要,中推杆8转动时推动行程开关上的拨叉合闸连通电路,中推杆8回位时带动拨叉断开电路,实现由加油转换为制动,防止油门误踩造成安全事故,松开油门踏板21因中推杆8下端安装有轴用弹性挡圈已跟蜗杆12轴向限位,在油门踏板21同位弹簧作用下装置回到发动机怠速状态。
蜗轮蜗杆机构的转动比、甩铁质量m的大小和棘爪回位扭簧的扭力亦用来区分超车行车急踩油门工况与猛烈加力加速误踩油门工况的踩踏力度和速度及加速度,设置好蜗轮蜗杆机构转动比、甩铁质量m大小和棘爪回位扭簧扭力它们的值,采用踩踏板力和踩踏板速度以及加速度双项触发工作方式,能确保这三种工况区间分明且间隔较大,互不重叠相扰。
实施例2:
由图5~图14可知,一种防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置,它包括与油门踏板21连接的油门推杆及接通制动执行机构电流的电流开关,它利用对油门踏板21的踩踏力度和速度及加速度触发油门加油转换制动,它还包括安装在驾驶室前侧板外侧上的外壳体1,外壳体1内安装有由蜗杆12和蜗轮11组成的蜗轮蜗杆机构带动只能轴向移动的内壳体2,蜗杆12另一端通过垫圈27和蜗杆轴用弹性挡圈24轴向限位安装在内壳体2内,蜗轮11通过平键安装在蜗轮轴联齿轮上,蜗轮11通过蜗轮轴联齿轮安装在内壳体2上,外壳体1上固定安装有通过蜗轮轴联齿轮与蜗轮11配合的齿条19,所述的蜗轮轴联齿轮为直齿圆柱齿轮,模数为1~1.25m,齿数为17~14齿,本实施例模数为1.25m,齿数为15齿,所述的油门推杆包括上推杆7、中推杆8和下推杆9,所述的蜗杆12上部设有离心盘10,离心盘10上通过竖轴14及轴用弹性挡圈铰接有一对棘爪联甩铁3,棘爪联甩铁3与离心盘10之间设有回位扭簧17,所述的蜗杆12连离心盘10的轴心处设有轴向通孔,轴向通孔中安装有中推杆8,轴向通孔与中推杆8之间设有使中推杆8带动蜗杆12移动的急锁止机构6,外壳体1与内壳体2的下半部之间设有急加油判别弹簧22,中推杆8轴心处设有中心孔,中推杆8外缘设有可与棘爪302对应全行程配合的长条形棘轮25,中推杆8上部通过推杆联动机构4与上推杆7一端连接,上推杆7另一端与油门踏板21径向限位连接,中推杆8下部通过推杆连接机构5与下推杆9上部相接,下推杆9通过固定其底部的滑轴15与外壳体1底部连成一体的滑道16径向限位连接,滑轴15在滑道16内上下移动不能让下推杆径向转动,下推杆9还与油门拉线相连,中推杆8与外壳体1之 间设有可由中推杆8转动而接通通往制动执行机构电流的电流开关;下推杆9通过滑轴15与杠杆联拨叉18连接,杠杆联拨叉18杆件上不同位置的孔通过油门连接杆或油门拉线与发动机油门相连;当正常行车踩踏油门时,油门踏板21的踩踏力度和速度及加速度不会触发急锁止机构6工作,蜗轮蜗杆机构不移动也不转动,棘爪302与长条形棘轮25不结合,因有急加油判别弹簧22的阻力仅上推杆7、中推杆8、下推杆9联动下行调整油门开度;当超车行车急踩油门时,依踩油门的力度和速度及加速度会出现两种情况,第一是急锁止机构6仍不工作,蜗轮蜗杆机构不移动也不转动,棘爪302与长条形棘轮25不结合,也仅上、中、下三推杆联动下行调整油门开度,第二是急锁止机构6工作,但蜗轮蜗杆机构为低或中速移动和转动,不能触发棘爪302与长条形棘轮25结合,上推杆7受的下行力经中推杆8、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体2和下推杆9克服急加油判别弹簧22的阻力一同下行调整油门开度;当遇紧急情况误踩油门时,油门踏板21的踩踏力度和速度及加速度触发急锁止机构6工作,上推杆7受的下行力经中推杆8、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体2克服急加油判别弹簧22的阻力下行,蜗杆12连离心盘10高速转动触发棘爪302与长条形棘轮25结合带动中推杆8转动触发推杆连接机构5工作先使下推杆9伸入中推杆8中心孔的容纳孔503内松开油门再触发电流开关接通电流使制动执行机构执行制动。
本发明所述推杆连接机构5包括中推杆8中心孔下部设有的在孔内凸起的内花键,通过内花键将中推杆8中心孔分隔成下推杆定位孔504、下推杆9上升回位容纳孔503,下推杆9上部安装在定位孔504内并设有可与内花键配合的外花键,内花槽的宽度要大于外花键的宽度,大于部分是使中推杆8转动触发电流开关所需的旋转角度;
所述的内花键的槽为一对对称布置的扇状内花槽501,所述的外花键的键为一对对称布置的长条形扇状外花键502;
本发明所述推杆联动机构4包括上端设有U形缺口415的杆头401及设置在中推杆8上部与杆头401配合的连接套管402,中推杆8上连接套管402内径大于中心孔孔径形成挡肩403,杆头401底部与挡肩403面接触,上推杆7下端通过大销轴404铰接在U形缺口415内,上推杆7上端与油门踏板21径向限位连接,杆头401底部设有与杆头401同轴的扭簧安装轴405,扭簧安装轴405上安装有通过轴用挡圈防脱落的中推杆回位扭簧406,中推杆回位扭簧406的一端安装在杆头401底部,另一端安装在中推杆8中心孔孔壁上,连接套管402内管壁上设一圆环形内凹槽413,连接套管402内管壁上还设有与圆环形内凹槽413连通用于杆头401安装的工艺缺口414,U形缺口415与扭簧安装轴405之间的杆头401上设有与U形缺口415平行的通孔,通孔内安装有与连接套管402内圆环形内凹槽413配合的小销轴411,杆头401通过小销轴411与中推杆8连接,中推杆8的圆环形内凹槽413内设有一在中推杆回位扭簧406预紧力作用下与杆头401上的小销轴411配合让中推杆8可径向停靠的挡销412,挡销412在中推杆8连接套管402圆环形内凹槽413内径向位置使中推杆8中心孔内内花槽与下推杆9外花键常态时为完全错位状态。所述中推杆回位扭簧406另一端安装在中推杆8中心孔孔壁上,为便于安装可在中推杆8中心孔内壁安装孔位置竖直往上设一引导槽。
上述挡销设置方法是在连接套管402的设置位置外缘钻一个直径(本实施例为5mm)大于圆环形内凹槽413高度(本实施例为4.1mm)的孔,然后将短圆柱以过盈配合方式安装入孔,再在外缘点焊,最后加工使短圆柱两端面与连接套管402在该处的内外圆面一致。
所述的电流开关包括与外壳体1绝缘安装的开关正极定片26和设在中推杆8外缘 上部可与开关正极定片26配合合闸用于接通通往制动执行机构电流的开关负极动片20,开关正极定片26的长度大于中推杆8轴向行程,中推杆8上连接套管402外缘设有两个安装开关负极动片20的螺丝孔。
本发明为识别正常踩油门、超车急踩油门跟误踩油门这三种工况,所述急锁止机构6包括沿蜗杆12轴向通孔轴向均匀排列在孔壁上的圆弧形圆环凹槽601和设置在中推杆8外缘中部沿径向均布与圆弧形圆环凹槽601配合的U形凹缺603,所述的U形凹缺603上为斜置U形下为竖直U形,U形凹缺603内安装有钢珠602。本实施例圆弧形圆环凹槽601为18个,深度为 0.4mm,圆弧形圆环凹槽601圆弧部分的半径与 钢珠602半径一致,两圆弧形圆环凹槽601之间的间距为0.3 mm
本发明所述的外壳体1是上部为全圆管,全圆管上部分设有不阻碍中推杆8上开关负极动片20上下全行程移动和转动所需的外壳缺口101,中部为半圆管,半圆管下部分的半径与实施例1外壳体1上半圆管全长度方向半径一致不同的是大于其上部分的半径用于安装急加油判别弹簧22,半圆管下端设有一固定大半圆瓦103,固定大半圆瓦103对面设有可卸小半圆瓦102,固定大半圆瓦103和可卸小半圆瓦102内径与全圆管内径相同,固定大半圆瓦103和可卸小半圆瓦102外径与上部半圆管的外径相同,大半圆瓦相对的小半圆缺口要能在安装内壳体2时内壳体2上两个安装蜗轮11的外轴座203能通过,大半圆瓦下部为两个对称的滑轴支承107,滑轴支承107上设有竖直向滑道16,通过滑轴可以保证下推杆不能转动和轴向运动顺畅,滑轴支承和滑轴的强度要能抵挡并留有余量克服脚踏力使中推杆转动时通过下推杆带来的冲击力,全圆管和半圆管一侧从半圆体两边出发设有防护壳104,正对半圆管防护壳104壁上设有两个齿条19安装孔105,防护壳104相对开关负极动片20转动方向一侧的壳壁上设有两个开关正极定片安装孔106,上述可卸小半圆瓦102上带有防护铁片,固定大半圆瓦103和可卸小半圆瓦102两边设有安装耳,全圆管和防护壳104上设有外壳体1安装座耳。
所述的内壳体2为一圆管体,圆管体内壁中段设有上下两个用来轴向限位蜗杆12的内圆环凸肩201,圆管体外缘中段设有一与实施例1内壳体2外缘全长度方向半径一致不同的是用于安装急加油判别弹簧22的外圆环凸肩202,圆管体外缘中段两边设有两个安装蜗轮11的外轴座203,外轴座203中安装有轴承204,两外轴座203中间的管体上设有一用于蜗轮11蜗杆12啮合需要的矩形缺口205,圆管体上部分设有不阻碍中推杆8上开关负极动片20转动所需的内壳缺口206。内壳体2和急加油判别弹簧22安装方法:内壳体2从外壳体1下部半圆缺口装入外壳体1后推到最上位置,把急加油判别弹簧22用专制工具压缩后从半圆缺口装入,外壳体顶部的防护盖将内壳体压到常态位置。
一种防误踩油门加油转换制动的方法,它利用对油门踏板21的踩踏力度和速度及加速度通过触发防误踩油门加油转换制动装置使油门加油转换制动,防误踩油门加油转换制动装置包括与油门踏板21连接的油门推杆及接通制动执行机构电流的电流开关,所述的防误踩油门加油转换制动装置还包括外壳体1,外壳体1内安装有由蜗杆12和蜗轮11组成的蜗轮蜗杆机构带动只能轴向移动的内壳体2,蜗杆12轴向限位安装在内壳体2内,蜗轮11安装在内壳体2上,外壳体1上固定安装有通过蜗轮轴联齿轮与蜗轮11配合的齿条19,所述的油门推杆包括上推杆7、中推杆8和下推杆9,所述的蜗杆12上部设有离心盘10,离心盘10上通过竖轴14及轴用弹性挡圈铰接有一对棘爪联甩铁3,棘爪联甩铁3与离心盘10之间设有回 位扭簧17,所述的蜗杆12连离心盘10的轴心处设有轴向通孔,轴向通孔中安装有中推杆8,轴向通孔与中推杆8之间设有使中推杆8带动蜗杆12移动的急锁止机构6,外壳体1与内壳体2的下半部之间设有急加油判别弹簧22,中推杆8轴心处设有中心孔,中推杆8外缘设有可与棘爪302对应全行程配合的长条形棘轮25,中推杆8上部通过推杆联动机构4与上推杆7一端连接,上推杆7另一端与油门踏板21径向限位连接,中推杆8下部通过推杆连接机构5与下推杆9上部相接,下推杆9通过固定其底部的滑轴15与外壳体1底部连成一体的滑道16径向限位连接,滑轴15在滑道16内上下移动不能让下推杆径向转动,下推杆9还与油门拉线相连,中推杆8与外壳体1之间设有可由中推杆8转动而接通通往制动执行机构电流的电流开关;下推杆9通过滑轴15与杠杆联拨叉18连接,杠杆联拨叉18杆件上不同位置的孔通过油门连接杆或油门拉线与发动机油门相连;当止常行车踩踏油门时,油门踏板21的踩踏力度和速度及加速度不会触发急锁止机构6工作,蜗轮蜗杆机构不移动也不转动,棘爪302与长条形棘轮25不结合,因有急加油判别弹簧22的阻力仅上推杆7、中推杆8、下推杆9联动下行调整油门开度;当超车行车急踩油门时,依踩油门的力度和速度及加速度会出现两种情况,第一是急锁止机构6仍不工作,蜗轮蜗杆机构不移动也不转动,棘爪302与长条形棘轮25不结合,也仅上、中、下三推杆联动下行调整油门开度,第二是急锁止机构6工作,但蜗轮蜗杆机构为低或中速移动和转动,不能触发棘爪302与长条形棘轮25结合,上推杆7受的下行力经中推杆8、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体2和下推杆9克服急加油判别弹簧22的阻力一同下行调整油门开度;当遇紧急情况误踩油门时,油门踏板21的踩踏力度和速度及加速度触发急锁止机构6工作,上推杆7受的下行力经中推杆8、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体2克服急加油判别弹簧22的阻力下行,蜗杆12连离心盘10高速转动触发棘爪302与长条形棘轮25结合带动中推杆8转动触发推杆连接机构5工作先使下推杆9伸入中推杆8中心孔的容纳孔503内松开油门再触发电流开关接通电流使制动执行机构执行制动。
本发明所述的急加油判别弹簧22用于区分正常行车踩油门与超车行车急踩油门这二种工况的踩踏力度和速度及加速度,急加油判别弹簧弹力、蜗轮蜗杆机构的转动比、甩铁301质量m的大小和棘爪回位扭簧17的扭力亦用来区分超车行车急踩油门工况与猛烈加力加速误踩油门工况的踩踏力度和速度及加速度,设置好急加油判别弹簧22弹力、蜗轮蜗杆机构转动比、甩铁301质量m大小和棘爪回位扭簧扭力它们的值,采用踩踏板力和踩踏板速度以及加速度双项触发工作方式,能确保这三种工况区间分明且间隔较大,互不重叠相扰。
本实施例急加油判别弹簧22的弹力为80~160N既可实现正常行车加油时能克服中推杆8对蜗杆12的摩擦力又能克服内壳体2及其上蜗轮蜗杆机构的重力保证其不往下移动,也可在超车加速急加油致急锁止机构6工作时不致脚感阻力太大,
本实施例使棘爪工作踩油门踏板21的力>300N以上,加速度a>30m/S 2以上。
本实施例采用踩踏板力和踩踏板速度以及加速度双项触发工作方式,满足正常踩油门、超车急踩油门跟误踩油门的识别需要,当驾驶员行车中止常踩油门时,上推杆7受的下行力由于力量不大,速度及加速度都不快,急锁止机构6不工作,下行力经中推杆8不传递给蜗杆12只直接传递给下推杆9,由于有急加油判别弹簧22的阻力使蜗轮蜗杆机构、内壳体2均不运动,上推杆7、中推杆8、下推杆9三推杆联动下行推动杠杆联拨叉18带动连接其上的油门拉线调整油门开度;当超车急踩油门时,一部分操作情形给油门踏板21的力、速度及加 速度在正常踩油门时的上限范围内,蜗轮蜗杆机构、内壳体2均不运动,上、中、下三推杆联动下行通过油门拉线调整油门开度,一部分操作情形使中推杆8的下行速度、加速度会大于中推杆8上钢珠602下落的重力加速度9.8m/S 2,中推杆8通过钢珠602锁定蜗杆12,急锁止机构6工作,使内壳体2及蜗轮蜗杆机构跟随中推杆8一同下行带动离心盘10旋转,但是急加油判别弹簧22的阻力使驾驶员脑海里依正常行车情景想定的超车急加油情势赋予的脚感给油门踏板21施加的力远达不到使内壳体2及其上蜗轮11下行的力度和速度及加速度能触发蜗杆12上的棘爪工作,中推杆8不转动,这样上推杆7、中推杆8、蜗轮蜗杆机构、内壳体2一同下行推动下推杆9带动杠杆联拨叉18通过油门拉线调整油门开度;当遇紧急情况慌乱中猛烈加力加速踩油门踏板21时,中推杆8通过钢珠602锁定蜗杆12,急锁止机构6工作,中推杆8通过蜗杆12、内壳体2推动蜗轮11快速下行,蜗杆12上的离心盘10高速转动从而带动甩铁301,触发棘爪302与长条形棘轮25结合,棘爪302与中推杆8上的棘齿啮合使中推杆8跟随蜗杆12转动,中推杆8转动一定角度后,不能转动只能上下移动的下推杆9上长条形扇状键502会通过中推杆8下端扇状槽501伸入中推杆8中心孔内的容纳孔503,在杠杆回位拉簧作用下通过杠杆联拨叉18推动上升回位松开油门回到发动机怠速状态,由于扇状槽夹角大于扇状键夹角,中推杆8可再稍微转动,其上端的开关负极动片20就与外壳体1上固定绝缘安装的开关正极定片26合闸接通通往制动执行机构的电流制动车辆,也可用中推杆8的转动合闸其他形式的电流开关接通制动执行机构电流制动车辆,所述制动执行机构为发明CN201811378952.1中的电磁离合型或步进电机,使汽车力负反馈加力制动装置工作或步进电机带转制动踏板制动车辆,所述步进电机带转制动踏板是在步进电机输出轴上加装齿轮,又在制动踏板与踏板轴铰链的毂部加设扇形齿轮并使它们啮合,将步进电机转动的角度设计得跟制动踏板制动到底所转动的角度相同,所述其他形式的电流开关例如类似行程开关或按压式电流开关,只是行程开关的拨叉叉边要是长条形以适应中推杆8上下运动的需要,中推杆8转动时推动行程开关上的拨叉合闸连通电路,中推杆8回位时带动拨叉断开电路,实现由加油转换为制动,防止油门误踩造成安全事故,松开油门踏板21,在油门踏板21回位弹簧作用下上推杆7和中推杆8回位,内壳体2及蜗轮蜗杆机构由急加油判别弹簧22上推回位,下推杆9由杠杆联拨叉18回位拉簧驱动回到发动机怠速状态。
装置斜置安装时应让两粒钢珠602置于斜向左右两边位置不能是前后位置以免影响钢珠602下落速度。
[根据细则91更正 01.12.2021] 
外壳体1顶部的防护盖安装橡胶波纹管防尘。
余同实施例1。

Claims (10)

  1. [根据细则91更正 01.12.2021]
    一种防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置,它包括与油门踏板连接的油门推杆及接通制动执行机构电流的电流开关,其特征是它还包括外壳体,外壳体内安装有由蜗杆和蜗轮组成的蜗轮蜗杆机构带动只能轴向移动的内壳体,蜗杆轴向限位安装在内壳体内,蜗轮安装在内壳体上,外壳体上固定安装有通过蜗轮轴联齿轮与蜗轮配合的齿条,所述的油门推杆包括上推杆、中推杆和下推杆,所述的蜗杆上部设有离心盘,离心盘上通过竖轴铰接有一对棘爪联甩铁,棘爪联甩铁与离心盘之间设有回位扭簧,所述的蜗杆连离心盘的轴心处设有轴向通孔,轴向通孔中轴向限位安装有中推杆,中推杆轴心处设有中心孔,中推杆外缘设有可与棘爪对应配合的棘轮,中推杆上部通过推杆联动机构与上推杆一端连接,上推杆另一端与油门踏板径向限位连接,中推杆下部通过推杆连接机构与下推杆上部相接,下推杆通过固定其底部的滑轴与外壳体底部连成一体的滑道径向限位连接,下推杆还与油门拉线相连,中推杆与外壳体之间设有可由中推杆转动而接通通往制动执行机构电流的电流开关;
    当正常行车和超车行车踩踏油门时,其踩踏力度和速度及加速度不能触发棘爪与棘轮结合,上推杆受的下行力经中推杆、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体和下推杆一同下行,通过下推杆下行带动油门拉线调整油门开度;当遇紧急情况误踩油门时,踩踏力度和速度及加速度使蜗杆连离心盘高速转动触发棘爪与棘轮结合带动中推杆转动触发推杆连接机构工作先使下推杆伸入中推杆中心孔内松开油门再触发电流开关接通电流使制动执行机构执行制动。
  2. [根据细则91更正 01.12.2021]
    根据权利要求1所述的防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置,其特征是所述推杆连接机构包括中推杆中心孔下部设有的在孔内凸起的内花键,通过内花键将中推杆中心孔分隔成下推杆定位孔、下推杆上升回位容纳孔,下推杆上部安装在定位孔内并设有可与内花键配合的外花键,内花槽的宽度要大于外花键的宽度,大于部分是使中推杆转动触发电流开关所需的转动角度;
    所述的内花键的槽为一对对称布置的扇状内花槽,所述的外花键的键为一对对称布置的长条形扇状外花键;
    所述推杆联动机构包括上端设有U形缺口的杆头及设置在中推杆上部与杆头配合的连接套管,中推杆上连接套管内径大于中心孔孔径形成挡肩,杆头底部与挡肩面接触,上推杆下端通过大销轴铰接在U形缺口内,上推杆上端与油门踏板径向限位连接,杆头底部设有与杆头同轴的扭簧安装轴,扭簧安装轴上安装有通过轴用挡圈防脱落的中推杆回位扭簧,中推杆回位扭簧的一端安装在杆头底部,另一端安装在中推杆中心孔孔壁上,连接套管两侧沿径向对称设有两个开口槽,U形缺口与扭簧安装轴之间的杆头上设有与两开口槽对应的圆环形外凹槽,两开口槽与圆环形外凹槽之间配合后有重合,杆头与中推杆在重合处通过异型卡簧连接,杆头的圆环形外凹槽内设有一在中推杆回位扭簧预紧力作用下与异型卡簧配合让中推杆可径向停靠的挡块,挡块在杆头的圆环形外凹槽内径向位置使中推杆中心孔内内花槽与下推杆外花键常态时为完全错位状态;
    所述的电流开关包括与外壳体绝缘安装的开关正极定片和设在中推杆外缘上部可与开关正极定片配合合闸用于接通通往制动执行机构电流的开关负极动片,开关正极定片的长度大于中推杆轴向行程。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置,其特征是所述棘爪联甩 铁由甩铁和棘爪组成,棘爪上设有与竖轴配合的安装孔,棘爪为3~8mm厚的尖形爪,远离棘爪爪尖的一端为与棘爪连成一体的甩铁,甩铁为凸出棘爪上平面的半截腰形块,半截腰形块的厚度为棘爪厚度的二倍~三倍,棘爪常态时通过安装在离心盘上的挡柱定位。
  4. [根据细则91更正 01.12.2021] 
    一种防误踩油门加油转换制动的方法,它利用对油门踏板的踩踏力度和速度及加速度通过触发防误踩油门加油转换制动装置使油门加油转换制动,防误踩油门加油转换制动装置包括与油门踏板连接的油门推杆及接通制动执行机构电流的电流开关,其特征是所述的防误踩油门加油转换制动装置它还包括外壳体,外壳体内安装有由蜗杆和蜗轮组成的蜗轮蜗杆机构带动只能轴向移动的内壳体,蜗杆轴向限位安装在内壳体内,蜗轮安装在内壳体上,外壳体上固定安装有通过蜗轮轴联齿轮与蜗轮配合的齿条,所述的油门推杆包括上推杆、中推杆和下推杆,所述的蜗杆上部设有离心盘,离心盘上通过竖轴铰接有一对棘爪联甩铁,棘爪联甩铁与离心盘之间设有回位扭簧,所述的蜗杆连离心盘的轴心处设有轴向通孔,轴向通孔中轴向限位安装有中推杆,中推杆轴心处设有中心孔,中推杆外缘设有可与棘爪对应配合的棘轮,中推杆上部通过推杆联动机构与上推杆一端连接,上推杆另一端与油门踏板径向限位连接,中推杆下部通过推杆连接机构与下推杆上部相接,下推杆通过固定其底部的滑轴与外壳体底部连成一体的滑道径向限位连接,下推杆还与油门拉线相连,中推杆与外壳体之间设有可由中推杆转动而接通通往制动执行机构电流的电流开关;当正常行车和超车行车踩踏油门时,其踩踏力度和速度及加速度不能触发棘爪与棘轮结合,上推杆受的下行力经中推杆、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体和下推杆一同下行,通过下推杆下行带动油门拉线调整油门开度;当遇紧急情况误踩油门时,踩踏力度和速度及加速度使蜗杆连离心盘高速转动触发棘爪与棘轮结合带动中推杆转动触发推杆连接机构工作先使下推杆伸入中推杆中心孔内松开油门再触发电流开关接通电流使制动执行机构执行制动。
  5. [根据细则91更正 01.12.2021]
    一种防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置,它包括与油门踏板连接的油门推杆及接通制动执行机构电流的电流开关,它利用对油门踏板的踩踏力度和速度及加速度触发油门加油转换制动,其特征是它还包括外壳体,外壳体内安装有由蜗杆和蜗轮组成的蜗轮蜗杆机构带动只能轴向移动的内壳体,蜗杆轴向限位安装在内壳体内,蜗轮安装在内壳体上,外壳体上固定安装有通过蜗轮轴联齿轮与蜗轮配合的齿条,所述的油门推杆包括上推杆、中推杆和下推杆,所述的蜗杆上部设有离心盘,离心盘上通过竖轴铰接有一对棘爪联甩铁,棘爪联甩铁与离心盘之间设有回位扭簧,所述的蜗杆连离心盘的轴心处设有轴向通孔,轴向通孔中安装有中推杆,轴向通孔与中推杆之间设有使中推杆带动蜗杆移动的急锁止机构,外壳体与内壳体的下半部之间设有急加油判别弹簧,中推杆轴心处设有中心孔,中推杆外缘设有可与棘爪对应全行程配合的长条形棘轮,中推杆上部通过推杆联动机构与上推杆一端连接,上推杆另一端与油门踏板径向限位连接,中推杆下部通过推杆连接机构与下推杆上部相接,下推杆通过固定其底部的滑轴与外壳体底部连成一体的滑道径向限位连接,下推杆还与油门拉线相连,中推杆与外壳体之间设有可由中推杆转动而接通通往制动执行机构电流的电流开关;
    当正常行车踩踏油门时,油门踏板的踩踏力度和速度及加速度不会触发急锁止机构工作,蜗轮蜗杆机构不移动也不转动,棘爪与长条形棘轮不结合,因有急加油判别弹簧的阻力仅上推杆、中推杆、下推杆联动下行调整油门开度;当超车行车急踩油门时,依踩油门的力 度和速度及加速度会出现两种情况,第一是急锁止机构仍不工作,蜗轮蜗杆机构不移动也不转动,棘爪与长条形棘轮不结合,也仅上、中、下三推杆联动下行调整油门开度,第二是急锁止机构工作,但蜗轮蜗杆机构为低或中速移动和转动,不能触发棘爪与长条形棘轮结合,上推杆受的下行力经中推杆、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体和下推杆克服急加油判别弹簧的阻力一同下行调整油门开度;当遇紧急情况误踩油门时,油门踏板的踩踏力度和速度及加速度触发急锁止机构工作,上推杆受的下行力经中推杆、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体克服急加油判别弹簧的阻力下行,蜗杆连离心盘高速转动触发棘爪与长条形棘轮结合带动中推杆转动触发推杆连接机构工作先使下推杆伸入中推杆中心孔内松开油门再触发电流开关接通电流使制动执行机构执行制动。
  6. [根据细则91更正 01.12.2021]
    根据权利要求5所述的防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置,其特征是
    所述推杆连接机构包括中推杆中心孔下部设有的在孔内凸起的内花键,通过内花键将中推杆中心孔分隔成下推杆定位孔、下推杆上升回位容纳孔,下推杆上部安装在定位孔内并设有可与内花键配合的外花键,内花槽的宽度要大于外花键的宽度,大于部分是使中推杆转动触发电流开关所需的转动角度;
    所述的内花键的槽为一对对称布置的扇状内花槽,所述的外花键的键为一对对称布置的长条形扇状外花键;
    所述推杆联动机构包括上端设有U形缺口的杆头及设置在中推杆上部与杆头配合的连接套管,中推杆上连接套管内径大于中心孔孔径形成挡肩,杆头底部与挡肩面接触,上推杆下端通过大销轴铰接在U形缺门内,上推杆上端与油门踏板径向限位连接,杆头底部设有与杆头同轴的扭簧安装轴,扭簧安装轴上安装有通过轴用挡圈防脱落的中推杆回位扭簧,中推杆回位扭簧的一端安装在杆头底部,另一端安装在中推杆中心孔孔壁上,连接套管内管壁上设一圆环形内凹槽,连接套管内管壁上还设有与圆环形内凹槽连通用于杆头安装的工艺缺口,U形缺口与扭簧安装轴之间的杆头上设有与U形缺口平行的通孔,通孔内安装有与连接套管内圆环形内凹槽配合的小销轴,杆头通过小销轴与中推杆连接,中推杆的圆环形内凹槽内设有一在中推杆回位扭簧预紧力作用下与杆头上的小销轴配合让中推杆可径向停靠的挡销,挡销在中推杆连接套管圆环形内凹槽内径向位置使中推杆中心孔内内花槽与下推杆外花键常态时为完全错位状态;
    所述的电流开关包括与外壳体绝缘安装的开关正极定片和设在中推杆外缘上部可与开关正极定片配合合闸用于接通通往制动执行机构电流的开关负极动片,开关正极定片的长度大于中推杆轴向行程。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置,其特征是所述急锁止机构包括沿蜗杆轴向通孔轴向均匀排列在孔壁上的圆弧形圆环凹槽和设置在中推杆外缘中部沿径向均布与圆弧形圆环凹槽配合的U形凹缺,所述的U形凹缺上为斜置U形下为竖直U形,U形凹缺内安装有钢珠;
    所述棘爪联甩铁由甩铁和棘爪组成,棘爪上设有与竖轴配合的安装孔,棘爪为3~8mm厚的尖形爪,远离棘爪爪尖的一端为与棘爪连成一体的甩铁,甩铁为凸出棘爪上平面的半截腰形块,半截腰形块的厚度为棘爪厚度的二倍~三倍,棘爪常态时通过安装在离心盘上的挡柱定位。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的防误踩油门加油转换制动的装置,其特征是所述的外壳体是 上部为全圆管,全圆管上部分设有不阻碍中推杆上开关负极动片上下全行程移动和转动所需的外壳缺口,中部为半圆管,半圆管下部分的半径大于其上部分的半径用于安装急加油判别弹簧,半圆管下端设有一固定大半圆瓦,固定大半圆瓦对面设有可卸小半圆瓦,固定大半圆瓦和可卸小半圆瓦内径与全圆管内径相同,固定大半圆瓦和可卸小半圆瓦外径与上部半圆管的外径相同,大半圆瓦相对的小半圆缺口要能在安装内壳体时内壳体上两个安装蜗轮的外轴座能通过,大半圆瓦下部为两个对称的滑轴支承,滑轴支承上设有竖直向滑道,全圆管和半圆管一侧从半圆体两边出发设有防护壳,正对半圆管防护壳壁上设有两个齿条安装孔,防护壳的相对开关负极动片转动方向一侧的壳壁上设有两个开关正极定片安装孔,上述可卸小半圆瓦上带有防护铁片,固定大半圆瓦和可卸小半圆瓦两边设有安装耳,全圆管和防护壳上设有外壳体安装座耳;
    所述的内壳体为一圆管体,圆管体内壁中段设有上下两个用来轴向限位蜗杆的内圆环凸肩,圆管体外缘中段设有一用于安装急加油判别弹簧的外圆环凸肩,圆管体外缘中段两边设有两个安装蜗轮的外轴座,外轴座中安装有轴承,两轴座中间的管体上设有一用于蜗轮蜗杆啮合需要的矩形缺口,圆管体上部分设有不阻碍中推杆上开关负极动片上下全行程移动和转动所需的内壳缺口。
  9. [根据细则91更正 01.12.2021] 
    一种防误踩油门加油转换制动的方法,它利用对油门踏板的踩踏力度和速度及加速度通过触发防误踩油门加油转换制动装置使油门加油转换制动,防误踩油门加油转换制动装置包括与油门踏板连接的油门推杆及接通制动执行机构电流的电流开关,其特征是所述的防误踩油门加油转换制动装置还包括外壳体,外壳体内安装有由蜗杆和蜗轮组成的蜗轮蜗杆机构带动只能轴向移动的内壳体,蜗杆轴向限位安装在内壳体内,蜗轮安装在内壳体上,外壳体上固定安装有通过蜗轮轴联齿轮与蜗轮配合的齿条,所述的油门推杆包括上推杆、中推杆和下推杆,所述的蜗杆上部设有离心盘,离心盘上通过竖轴铰接有一对棘爪联甩铁,棘爪联甩铁与离心盘之间设有回位扭簧,所述的蜗杆连离心盘的轴心处设有轴向通孔,轴向通孔中安装有中推杆,轴向通孔与中推杆之间设有使中推杆带动蜗杆移动的急锁止机构,外壳体与内壳体的下半部之间设有急加油判别弹簧,中推杆轴心处设有中心孔,中推杆外缘设有可与棘爪对应全行程配合的长条形棘轮,中推杆上部通过推杆联动机构与上推杆一端连接,上推杆另一端与油门踏板径向限位连接,中推杆下部通过推杆连接机构与下推杆上部相接,下推杆通过固定其底部的滑轴与外壳体底部连成一体的滑道径向限位连接,下推杆还与油门拉线相连,中推杆与外壳体之间设有可由中推杆转动而接通通往制动执行机构电流的电流开关;当正常行车踩踏油门时,油门踏板的踩踏力度和速度及加速度不会触发急锁止机构工作,蜗轮蜗杆机构不移动也不转动,棘爪与长条形棘轮不结合,因有急加油判别弹簧的阻力仅上推杆、中推杆、下推杆联动下行调整油门开度;当超车行车急踩油门时,依踩油门的力度和速度及加速度会出现两种情况,第一是急锁止机构仍不工作,蜗轮蜗杆机构不移动也不转动,棘爪与长条形棘轮不结合,也仅上、中、下三推杆联动下行调整油门开度,第二是急锁止机构工作,但蜗轮蜗杆机构为低或中速移动和转动,不能触发棘爪与长条形棘轮结合,上推杆受的下行力经中推杆、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体和下推杆克服急加油判别弹簧的阻力一同下行调整油门开度;当遇紧急情况误踩油门时,油门踏板的踩踏力度和速度及加速度触发急锁止机构工作,上推杆受的下行力经中推杆、蜗轮蜗杆机构传递给内壳体克服急加油判别弹簧的阻力下行,蜗杆连离心盘高速转动触发棘爪与长 条形棘轮结合带动中推杆转动触发推杆连接机构工作先使下推杆伸入中推杆中心孔内松开油门再触发电流开关接通电流使制动执行机构执行制动。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的防误踩油门加油转换制动的方法,其特征是所述的急加油判别弹簧用于区分正常行车踩油门与超车行车急踩油门这二种工况的踩踏力度和速度及加速度,急加油判别弹簧弹力、蜗轮蜗杆机构的转动比、甩铁质量m的大小和棘爪回位扭簧的扭力亦用来区分超车行车急踩油门工况与猛烈加力加速误踩油门工况的踩踏力度和速度及加速度,设置好急加油判别弹簧弹力、蜗轮蜗杆机构转动比、甩铁质量m大小和棘爪回位扭簧扭力它们的值,采用踩踏板力和踩踏板速度以及加速度双项触发工作方式,能确保这三种工况区间分明且间隔较大,互不重叠相扰。
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