WO2021171718A1 - 導電性パターンの製造方法、タッチセンサー、電磁波シールド、アンテナ、配線基板、導電性加熱素子、及び構造体 - Google Patents
導電性パターンの製造方法、タッチセンサー、電磁波シールド、アンテナ、配線基板、導電性加熱素子、及び構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021171718A1 WO2021171718A1 PCT/JP2020/043871 JP2020043871W WO2021171718A1 WO 2021171718 A1 WO2021171718 A1 WO 2021171718A1 JP 2020043871 W JP2020043871 W JP 2020043871W WO 2021171718 A1 WO2021171718 A1 WO 2021171718A1
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- pattern
- conductive pattern
- light
- resin layer
- photosensitive resin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
- H05K3/24—Reinforcing the conductive pattern
- H05K3/241—Reinforcing the conductive pattern characterised by the electroplating method; means therefor, e.g. baths or apparatus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
- G03F7/2004—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image characterised by the use of a particular light source, e.g. fluorescent lamps or deep UV light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/40—Treatment after imagewise removal, e.g. baking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
- G06F3/0416—Control or interface arrangements specially adapted for digitisers
- G06F3/04164—Connections between sensors and controllers, e.g. routing lines between electrodes and connection pads
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0213—Electrical arrangements not otherwise provided for
- H05K1/0216—Reduction of cross-talk, noise or electromagnetic interference
- H05K1/0218—Reduction of cross-talk, noise or electromagnetic interference by printed shielding conductors, ground planes or power plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/02—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding
- H05K3/022—Processes for manufacturing precursors of printed circuits, i.e. copper-clad substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
- H05K3/18—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using precipitation techniques to apply the conductive material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04103—Manufacturing, i.e. details related to manufacturing processes specially suited for touch sensitive devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
- G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
- G06F2203/04112—Electrode mesh in capacitive digitiser: electrode for touch sensing is formed of a mesh of very fine, normally metallic, interconnected lines that are almost invisible to see. This provides a quite large but transparent electrode surface, without need for ITO or similar transparent conductive material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/07—Electric details
- H05K2201/0707—Shielding
- H05K2201/0723—Shielding provided by an inner layer of PCB
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
- H05K2201/10007—Types of components
- H05K2201/10098—Components for radio transmission, e.g. radio frequency identification [RFID] tag, printed or non-printed antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/0011—Working of insulating substrates or insulating layers
- H05K3/0017—Etching of the substrate by chemical or physical means
- H05K3/0023—Etching of the substrate by chemical or physical means by exposure and development of a photosensitive insulating layer
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a conductive pattern, a touch sensor, an electromagnetic wave shield, an antenna, a wiring board, a conductive heating element, and a structure.
- Conductive patterns such as thin metal wires are used for various purposes.
- Applications of the conductive pattern include, for example, a touch sensor of a touch panel, an antenna, a fingerprint authentication unit, a foldable device, and a transparent FPC (Flexible Printed Circuits).
- a fine conductive pattern is formed on the base material.
- the base material for example, a film, a sheet, a metal substrate, a ceramic substrate, or glass is used.
- a thick conductive pattern may be formed.
- the resist pattern is protected by a phenomenon in which etching proceeds isotropically in the in-plane direction of the base material on which the conductive layer is arranged (for example, referred to as "side etching").
- the conductive layer may also be eroded by the chemical solution. Since the occurrence of side etching affects the morphology (for example, shape and dimensions) of the conductive pattern formed through etching, it becomes difficult to form, for example, a thick rectangular conductive pattern. ..
- the semi-additive method it is a problem that the formation of the conductive pattern becomes unstable due to the adhesion between the seed layer and the resist pattern. Further, since a part of the conductive pattern may be removed when the unnecessary seed layer is removed, the semi-additive method has the same problems as the subtractive method.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide an antenna having a thick conductive pattern with reduced occurrence of morphological abnormalities.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a wiring board having a thick conductive pattern in which the occurrence of morphological abnormalities is reduced.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a conductive heating element having a thick conductive pattern in which the occurrence of morphological abnormalities is reduced.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a structure useful as a material for forming a thick conductive pattern in which the occurrence of morphological abnormalities is reduced.
- Another aspect of the present disclosure is an object of the present invention to provide a structure having a thick conductive pattern in which the occurrence of morphological abnormalities is reduced.
- Method. ⁇ 2> The method for producing a conductive pattern according to ⁇ 1>, wherein the conductive pattern is formed by plating in the step of forming the conductive pattern.
- ⁇ 3> The method for producing a conductive pattern according to ⁇ 2>, wherein the plating is electroplating.
- ⁇ 4> The method for producing a conductive pattern according to ⁇ 2>, wherein the plating is electrolytic copper plating.
- ⁇ 5> The method for producing a conductive pattern according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the light-shielding pattern has conductivity.
- ⁇ 6> The method for producing a conductive pattern according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>, wherein the average thickness of the light-shielding pattern is 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the step of preparing the laminated body is a step of preparing a laminated precursor having the transparent base material and a light-shielding pattern on the transparent base material, and the transparent base material and the light-shielding pattern.
- the steps of preparing the laminate include the step of preparing the transparent base material, the step of forming a light-shielding pattern on the transparent base material, and the step of forming the light-shielding pattern on the transparent base material and the light-shielding pattern.
- ⁇ 10> The conductivity according to any one of ⁇ 7> to ⁇ 9>, which forms the negative photosensitive resin layer using a photosensitive transfer material in the step of forming the negative photosensitive resin layer. How to make a pattern.
- ⁇ 11> The method for producing a conductive pattern according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 10>, which comprises a step of removing the resin pattern after the step of forming the conductive pattern.
- ⁇ 12> The method for producing a conductive pattern according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 11>, wherein the average thickness of the resin pattern is larger than the average thickness of the light-shielding pattern.
- ⁇ 13> The method for producing a conductive pattern according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 12>, wherein the average thickness of the resin pattern is 3 ⁇ m or more.
- ⁇ 14> The method for producing a conductive pattern according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 13>, wherein the average thickness of the resin pattern is 5 ⁇ m or more.
- ⁇ 15> The method for producing a conductive pattern according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 14>, wherein the average thickness of the resin pattern is 10 ⁇ m or more.
- ⁇ 16> The method for producing a conductive pattern according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 15>, wherein the average width of the light-shielding pattern is 5 ⁇ m or less.
- ⁇ 17> The method for producing a conductive pattern according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 16>, wherein the average width of the resin pattern is 5 ⁇ m or less.
- ⁇ 18> The method for producing a conductive pattern according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 17>, wherein the light contains a wavelength of 365 nm.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer contains an alkali-soluble polymer, a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, and a photopolymerization initiator.
- a touch sensor having a conductive pattern obtained by the method for manufacturing a conductive pattern according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 19>.
- An electromagnetic wave shield having a conductive pattern obtained by the method for manufacturing a conductive pattern according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 19>.
- An antenna having a conductive pattern obtained by the method for manufacturing a conductive pattern according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 19>.
- a wiring board having a conductive pattern obtained by the method for manufacturing a conductive pattern according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 19>.
- a conductive heating element having a thick conductive pattern in which the occurrence of morphological abnormalities is reduced.
- a structure having a thick conductive pattern in which the occurrence of morphological abnormalities is reduced there is provided.
- the numerical range indicated by using "-" indicates a range including the numerical values before and after "-" as the lower limit value and the upper limit value, respectively.
- the upper limit value or the lower limit value described in a certain numerical range may be replaced with the upper limit value or the lower limit value of another numerical range described stepwise.
- the upper limit value or the lower limit value described in a certain numerical range may be replaced with the value shown in the examples.
- the groups (atomic groups) not described as substituted and unsubstituted include a group having no substituent and a group having a substituent.
- the notation "alkyl group” includes not only an alkyl group having no substituent (ie, an unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group having a substituent (ie, a substituted alkyl group).
- (meth) acrylic acid means acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or both acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
- the "(meth) acryloyl group” means an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, or both an acryloyl group and a methacryloyl group.
- (meth) acrylate means acrylate, methacrylate, or both acrylate and methacrylate.
- the chemical structural formula may be described by a structural formula in which a hydrogen atom is omitted.
- conductive means a property in which an electric current easily flows.
- the required current flowability is not limited and may be as long as it is necessary for the purpose and application.
- the volume resistivity is preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 6 ⁇ cm, and more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ cm.
- light means electromagnetic waves including ultraviolet rays, visible rays, and infrared rays.
- the light is preferably light having a wavelength in the range of 200 nm to 1,500 nm, more preferably light having a wavelength in the range of 250 nm to 450 nm, and particularly preferably light having a wavelength in the range of 300 nm to 410 nm. preferable.
- the method for producing a conductive pattern according to the present disclosure is a transparent base material, a light-shielding pattern on the transparent base material, a transparent base material, and a transparent base material arranged on the transparent base material and the light-shielding pattern.
- a step of preparing a laminate having a negative photosensitive resin layer in contact with the transparent substrate (hereinafter, may be referred to as a "preparation step") and a side opposite to the surface of the transparent base material facing the light-shielding pattern.
- FIG. 1D shows an example of a step of forming a conductive pattern.
- the laminate 100 shown in FIG. 1A has a transparent base material 10, a light-shielding pattern 20, and a negative photosensitive resin layer 30.
- the surface of the transparent base material 10 opposite to the surface facing the light-shielding pattern 20 (that is, the surface to be exposed 10a) is irradiated with light. Since the proportion of light passing through the light-shielding pattern 20 is small, the light incident on the exposed surface 10a of the transparent base material 10 passes through the exposed portion 30a of the negative type photosensitive resin layer 30 via the transparent base material 10. As a result, the exposed portion 30a of the negative photosensitive resin layer 30 is selectively exposed. As shown in FIG.
- the portion of the negative photosensitive resin layer 30 other than the exposed portion 30a is removed, and the transparent base material 10 and the light-shielding pattern 20 are removed.
- the resin pattern 40 is formed in the region (that is, the groove) defined by.
- the conductive pattern 50 is formed on the light-shielding pattern 20.
- the conductive pattern 50 is formed in a region (that is, a groove) defined by a light-shielding pattern 20 that functions like a mold and a resin pattern 40.
- the laminate has a transparent substrate.
- transparent means that the transmittance of the exposure wavelength is 50% or more.
- the transmittance of the exposure wavelength defined by the term “transparent” is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90%, and particularly preferably 95%.
- the "transmittance of an exposure wavelength” means the transmittance of a wavelength included in the light that reaches an object (for example, a transparent substrate) in the exposure process. For example, when a light source having a wavelength of 365 nm is used in the exposure step, the “transmittance of the exposure wavelength” means the transmittance of the wavelength of 365 nm.
- transmittance refers to the intensity of incident light when light is incident in a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the object to be measured (that is, in the thickness direction), and is emitted through the object to be measured. It is the ratio of the intensity of the emitted light.
- the transmittance is measured using MCPD Series manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.
- the shape of the transparent base material is not limited.
- As the transparent base material for example, a film-shaped or plate-shaped transparent base material is preferably used.
- the transparent substrate examples include a resin substrate (for example, a resin film) and a glass substrate.
- the resin substrate is preferably a resin substrate that transmits visible light.
- Preferred components of the resin substrate that transmits visible light include, for example, polyamide-based resin, polyethylene terephthalate-based resin, polyethylene naphthalate-based resin, cycloolefin-based resin, polyimide-based resin, and polycarbonate-based resin. More preferable components of the resin substrate that transmits visible light include, for example, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), cycloolefin polymer (COP), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyimide, and polycarbonate.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- polyimide polyimide
- the transparent substrate is preferably a polyamide film, a polyethylene terephthalate film, a cycloolefin polymer (COP), a polyethylene naphthalate film, a polyimide film, or a polycarbonate film, and more preferably a polyethylene terephthalate film.
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- the thickness of the transparent substrate is not limited.
- the average thickness of the transparent substrate is preferably 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the average thickness of the transparent substrate is measured by the following method.
- a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to observe the cross section in the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the transparent substrate (that is, in the thickness direction). Based on the obtained observation image, the thickness of the transparent substrate is measured at 10 points.
- the average thickness of the transparent substrate is obtained by arithmetically averaging the measured values.
- a transmission electron microscope (TEM) may be used instead of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) depending on the thickness of the object.
- the light-shielding pattern preferably has conductivity.
- the light-shielding pattern having conductivity can function as an electric conductor (for example, a seed layer) when plating is performed in the step of forming the conductive pattern described later, for example.
- the seed layer can function as a cathode in, for example, electroplating.
- the light-shielding pattern may contain one kind alone or two or more kinds of metals.
- the metal contained in the light-shielding pattern may be a single metal or an alloy.
- the light-shielding pattern preferably contains Cu or an alloy of Cu.
- the metal element contained in the light-shielding pattern may be the same as or different from the metal element contained in the conductive pattern.
- the light-shielding pattern preferably contains the same metal element as the metal element contained in the conductive pattern.
- the light-shielding pattern may contain elements other than metal elements.
- elements other than metal elements include C (carbon), P (phosphorus), and B (boron).
- Elements other than metal elements may form alloys with metal elements.
- the shape of the light-shielding pattern is not limited.
- the shape of the light-shielding pattern may be determined, for example, according to the shape of the target conductive pattern.
- the structure of the light-shielding pattern may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.
- the components of each layer of the light-shielding pattern having a multi-layer structure may be the same or different.
- the thickness of the light-shielding pattern is not limited.
- the average thickness of the light-shielding pattern is preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average thickness of the light-shielding pattern is 3 ⁇ m or less, the moldability of the light-shielding pattern can be improved. As a result, the occurrence of morphological abnormalities of the conductive pattern can be further reduced.
- the average thickness of the light-shielding pattern is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more.
- the average thickness of the light-shielding pattern is 0.05 ⁇ m or more, the transmittance of the exposure wavelength can be reduced. Further, when the light-shielding pattern is used as the seed layer, the productivity of the conductive pattern can be improved.
- the average thickness of the light-shielding pattern is measured by a method according to the method for measuring the average thickness of the transparent substrate.
- the width of the light-shielding pattern is not limited.
- the width of the light-shielding pattern may be determined, for example, according to the width of the conductive pattern formed in the process of forming the conductive pattern.
- the average width of the light-shielding pattern is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the average width of the light-shielding pattern is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more.
- the average width of the light-shielding pattern is an arithmetic mean of the width of the light-shielding pattern measured at five points.
- the light-shielding pattern may be in contact with the transparent substrate directly or via another layer.
- the other layer include an adhesion layer.
- the laminate may have an adhesion layer between the transparent substrate and the light-shielding pattern.
- the components of the adhesion layer are not limited.
- the components of the adhesion layer are, for example, the adhesion between the transparent base material and the light-shielding pattern, and the stability of the conductive pattern obtained by the method for producing the conductive pattern according to the present disclosure in the usage environment (for example, humidity and temperature). It may be decided according to the sex.
- the adhesion layer preferably contains at least one selected from Ni, Zn, Mo, Ta, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, W, Cu, Sn, and Mn.
- the adhesion layer may further contain at least one selected from the group consisting of C, O (oxygen), H (hydrogen), and N (nitrogen).
- the adhesion layer may be a blackening layer. The blackened layer can suppress the reflection of light due to the light-shielding pattern in the exposure process.
- the adhesion layer functions as a blackening layer
- the adhesion layer preferably contains, for example, a Ni—Cu alloy.
- the adhesion layer that functions as a blackening layer may further contain at least one selected from the group consisting of C, O, H, and N.
- the thickness of the adhesion layer is not limited.
- the average thickness of the adhesion layer is preferably 3 nm to 50 nm, more preferably 3 nm to 35 nm, and particularly preferably 3 nm to 33 nm.
- the average thickness of the adhesion layer is measured by a method according to the method for measuring the average thickness of the transparent substrate.
- the laminate has a negative photosensitive resin layer that is arranged on the transparent base material and the light-shielding pattern and is in contact with the transparent base material.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer may be in contact with the light-shielding pattern directly or via another layer.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer is preferably in contact with the light-shielding pattern.
- As the negative type photosensitive resin layer a known negative type photosensitive resin layer can be used.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer preferably contains a polymer A, a polymerizable compound B, and a photopolymerization initiator.
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer includes 10% by mass to 90% by mass of the polymer A, 5% by mass to 70% by mass of the polymerizable compound B, and 0% by mass with respect to the total mass of the negative type photosensitive resin layer. It is preferable to contain 01% by mass to 20% by mass of a photopolymerization initiator.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer preferably contains an alkali-soluble polymer, a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, and a photopolymerization initiator.
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer will be specifically described.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer preferably contains the polymer A.
- the polymer A is preferably an alkali-soluble polymer.
- Alkali-soluble polymers include polymers that are easily soluble in alkaline substances.
- the acid value of the polymer A is preferably 220 mgKOH / g or less, and less than 200 mgKOH / g, from the viewpoint of improving the resolution by suppressing the swelling of the negative photosensitive resin layer due to the developing solution. Is more preferable, and it is particularly preferable that it is less than 190 mgKOH / g.
- the lower limit of acid value is not limited.
- the acid value of the polymer A is preferably 60 mgKOH / g or more, more preferably 120 mgKOH / g or more, further preferably 150 mgKOH / g or more, and 170 mgKOH / g or more, from the viewpoint of more excellent developability. It is particularly preferable that it is g or more.
- the acid value of the polymer A can be adjusted, for example, by the type of the structural unit constituting the polymer A and the content of the structural unit containing an acid group.
- the acid value is the mass (mg) of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize 1 g of the sample.
- the unit of acid value is described as mgKOH / g.
- the acid value can be calculated, for example, from the average content of acid groups in the compound.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer A is preferably 5,000 to 500,000. It is preferable that the weight average molecular weight is 500,000 or less from the viewpoint of improving the resolvability and the developability.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer A is more preferably 100,000 or less, further preferably 60,000 or less, and particularly preferably 50,000 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer A is more preferably 10,000 or more, further preferably 20,000 or more, and particularly preferably 30,000 or more.
- the dispersity of the polymer A is preferably 1.0 to 6.0, more preferably 1.0 to 5.0, and even more preferably 1.0 to 4.0. It is particularly preferably 0.0 to 3.0.
- the degree of dispersion is the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight (weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight).
- the polymer A preferably has a structural unit derived from a monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group, from the viewpoint of suppressing the line width thickening when the focal position is deviated during exposure and the deterioration of resolution.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group examples include a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group.
- the content ratio of the structural unit derived from the monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group in the polymer A is preferably 20% by mass or more, preferably 30% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the polymer A. More preferably, it is more preferably 40% by mass or more, particularly preferably 45% by mass or more, and most preferably 50% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content ratio of the structural unit derived from the monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group is not limited.
- the content ratio of the structural unit derived from the monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group in the polymer A is preferably 95% by mass or less, preferably 85% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the polymer A. Is more preferable.
- the content ratio of the structural unit derived from the monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group is determined as a weight average value.
- the monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group examples include a monomer having an aralkyl group, styrene, and a polymerizable styrene derivative (for example, methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, tert-butoxystyrene, acetoxystyrene, 4-). Vinyl benzoic acid, styrene dimer, and styrene trimmer).
- the monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably a monomer having an aralkyl group or styrene.
- aralkyl group examples include a substituted or unsubstituted phenylalkyl group (excluding a benzyl group) and a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl group is preferable.
- Examples of the monomer having a phenylalkyl group include phenylethyl (meth) acrylate.
- Examples of the monomer having a benzyl group include (meth) acrylate having a benzyl group (for example, benzyl (meth) acrylate and chlorobenzyl (meth) acrylate), and a vinyl monomer having a benzyl group (for example, vinylbenzyl chloride, etc.). And vinylbenzyl alcohol).
- the monomer having a benzyl group is preferably a benzyl (meth) acrylate.
- the structural unit derived from the monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group in the polymer A is the structural unit derived from the benzyl (meth) acrylate
- the benzyl (meth) acrylate single amount in the polymer A is used.
- the content ratio of the structural unit derived from the body is preferably 50% by mass to 95% by mass, more preferably 60% by mass to 90% by mass, and 70% by mass, based on the total mass of the polymer A. It is more preferably% to 90% by mass, and particularly preferably 75% by mass to 90% by mass.
- the content ratio of the structural unit derived from styrene in the polymer A is determined. It is preferably 20% by mass to 55% by mass, more preferably 25 to 45% by mass, further preferably 30% by mass to 40% by mass, and 30% by mass, based on the total mass of the polymer A. It is particularly preferably from mass% to 35% by mass.
- the polymer A having a structural unit derived from a monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group includes a monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a first monomer described later, and a monomer described later. It is preferable that the copolymer is obtained by polymerizing at least one selected from the group consisting of the second monomer.
- the above-mentioned copolymer is a group consisting of a structural unit derived from a monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a structural unit derived from the first monomer, and a structural unit derived from the second monomer. It has at least one selected from the above.
- the polymer A may be a polymer having no structural unit derived from a monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the polymer A having no structural unit derived from the monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group is at least one kind of the first monomer (excluding the monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group) described later. It is preferable that the polymer is obtained by polymerizing the above, and at least one of the first monomer (excluding the monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group) described later and the second simpler described later. More preferably, it is a copolymer obtained by polymerizing at least one kind of a polymer (excluding a monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group).
- the polymer A is preferably a polymer obtained by polymerizing at least one of the first monomers described later, and is preferably the same as at least one of the first monomers described below. It is more preferable that the copolymer is obtained by polymerizing with at least one of the second monomers described later.
- the copolymer has a structural unit derived from the first monomer and a structural unit derived from the second monomer.
- the first monomer is a monomer having a carboxy group and a polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule.
- the first monomer may be a monomer having no aromatic hydrocarbon group in the molecule.
- Examples of the first monomer include (meth) acrylic acid, fumaric acid, cinnamic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, maleic anhydride, and maleic acid semiester.
- the first monomer is preferably (meth) acrylic acid.
- the content ratio of the structural unit derived from the first monomer in the polymer A is preferably 5% by mass to 50% by mass, and 10% by mass to 40% by mass, based on the total mass of the polymer A. Is more preferable, and 15% by mass to 30% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the second monomer is a monomer that is non-acidic and has at least one polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule.
- the second monomer may be a monomer having no aromatic hydrocarbon group in the molecule.
- Examples of the second monomer include a (meth) acrylate compound, an ester compound of vinyl alcohol, and (meth) acrylonitrile.
- (meth) acrylonitrile includes acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, or both acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylate compound include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, and isobutyl (meth) acrylate.
- Examples thereof include tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate.
- ester compound of vinyl alcohol examples include vinyl acetate.
- the second monomer is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, and n-butyl (meth) acrylate, and is preferably methyl (meth). More preferably, it is an acrylate.
- the content ratio of the structural unit derived from the second monomer in the polymer A is preferably 5% by mass to 60% by mass, and 15% by mass to 50% by mass, based on the total mass of the polymer A. Is more preferable, and 20% by mass to 45% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the polymer A is composed of a structural unit derived from a monomer having an aralkyl group and a structural unit derived from styrene from the viewpoint of suppressing the line width thickening when the focal position is deviated during exposure and the deterioration of resolution. It is preferable to include at least one selected from the group.
- the polymer A is a copolymer containing a structural unit derived from methacrylic acid, a structural unit derived from benzyl methacrylate, a structural unit derived from styrene, a structural unit derived from methacrylic acid, and methyl. It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of copolymers containing a structural unit derived from methacrylate, a structural unit derived from benzyl methacrylate, and a structural unit derived from styrene.
- the polymer A may have any of a linear structure, a branched structure, and an alicyclic structure in the side chain.
- a branched structure or an alicyclic structure can be introduced into the side chain of the polymer A by using a monomer having a group having a branched structure in the side chain or a monomer containing a group having an alicyclic structure in the side chain. ..
- the group having an alicyclic structure may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the monomer containing a group having a branched structure in the side chain include isopropyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, sec-butyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, and ( Isoamyl (meth) acrylate, tert-amyl (meth) acrylate, sec-amyl (meth) acrylate, 2-octyl (meth) acrylate, 3-octyl (meth) acrylate and tert-octyl (meth) acrylate.
- isopropyl (meth) acrylate isobutyl (meth) acrylate, sec-butyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, and ( Isoamyl (meth) acrylate, tert-amyl (meth) acrylate, sec-amyl
- isopropyl (meth) acrylate, isobutyl (meth) acrylate or tert-butyl methacrylate are preferable, and isopropyl methacrylate or tert-butyl methacrylate is more preferable.
- the monomer having a group having an alicyclic structure in the side chain include a monomer having a monocyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group and a monomer having a polycyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
- (meth) acrylate having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms can be mentioned.
- More specific examples include (meth) acrylic acid (bicyclo [2.2.1] heptyl-2), (meth) acrylic acid-1-adamantyl, (meth) acrylic acid-2-adamantyl, (meth). -3-Methyl-1-adamantyl acrylate, -3,5-dimethyl-1-adamantyl (meth) acrylate, -3-ethyladamantyl (meth) acrylate, -3-methyl-5-methyl (meth) acrylate Ethyl-1-adamantyl, (meth) acrylic acid-3,5,8-triethyl-1-adamantyl, (meth) acrylic acid-3,5-dimethyl-8-ethyl-1-adamantyl, (meth) acrylic acid 2 -Methyl-2-adamantyl, 2-ethyl-2-adamantyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl (meth) acrylate, o
- (meth) acrylic acid esters (meth) acrylic acid cyclohexyl, (meth) acrylic acid (nor) boronyl, (meth) acrylic acid isobornyl, (meth) acrylic acid-1-adamantyl, (meth) acrylic acid -2-adamantyl, fentyl (meth) acrylate, 1-mentyl (meth) acrylate, or tricyclodecane (meth) acrylate is preferred, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, (nor) bornyl, (meth) acrylate, More preferred are isobornyl (meth) acrylate, -2-adamantyl (meth) acrylate, or tricyclodecane (meth) acrylate.
- the polymer A contains 25% by mass to 60% by mass of a structural unit derived from a monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group and 20% by mass or more of a structural unit derived from a first monomer.
- a polymer containing 55% by mass and 20% by mass to 55% by mass of a structural unit derived from the second monomer is preferable.
- the structural unit derived from the monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group is 25% by mass to 40% by mass
- the structural unit derived from the first monomer is 20% by mass to 35% by mass, and the like. It is more preferable that the polymer contains 30% by mass to 45% by mass of the structural unit derived from the second monomer.
- the polymer A contains 70% by mass to 90% by mass of structural units derived from a monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and 10% by mass of a structural unit derived from a first monomer. It is preferably a polymer containing up to 25% by mass.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer A is preferably 30 ° C to 135 ° C.
- Tg of the polymer A is more preferably 130 ° C. or lower, further preferably 120 ° C. or lower, and particularly preferably 110 ° C. or lower.
- the Tg of the polymer A is 30 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of improving the edge fuse resistance.
- the Tg of the polymer A is more preferably 40 ° C. or higher, further preferably 50 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 60 ° C. or higher, and most preferably 70 ° C. or higher. preferable.
- the polymer A may be a commercially available product or a synthetic product.
- Polymer A is synthesized, for example, by diluting at least one of the above-mentioned monomers with a solvent (for example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, or isopropanol) and a radical polymerization initiator (for example, benzoyl peroxide or azoisobuty) in a solution. Butyronitrile) is preferably added in an appropriate amount, and then heated and stirred. In some cases, the synthesis is carried out while dropping a part of the mixture into the reaction solution. After completion of the reaction, a solvent may be further added to adjust the concentration to a desired level.
- a solvent may be further added to adjust the concentration to a desired level.
- the synthesis means bulk polymerization, suspension polymerization, or emulsion polymerization may be used in addition to solution polymerization.
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer may contain one kind alone or two or more kinds of polymers A.
- the content ratio of the polymer A is preferably 10% by mass to 90% by mass, more preferably 30% by mass to 70% by mass, and 40% by mass, based on the total mass of the negative photosensitive resin layer. It is particularly preferably% to 60% by mass. It is preferable that the content ratio of the polymer A in the negative photosensitive resin layer is 90% by mass or less from the viewpoint of controlling the developing time. On the other hand, it is preferable that the content ratio of the polymer A in the negative photosensitive resin layer is 10% by mass or more from the viewpoint of improving the edge fuse resistance.
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer contains two or more kinds of polymers A
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer has two or more kinds of polymers A having a structural unit derived from a monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- Polymer A having a structural unit derived from a monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and polymer A having no structural unit derived from a monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group. is preferably included.
- the content ratio of the polymer A having a structural unit derived from the monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 50% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the polymer A. It is more preferably mass% or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or more.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer preferably contains the polymerizable compound B.
- the "polymerizable compound” means a compound having a bond or a polymerizable group involved in a polymerization reaction and polymerizing under the action of a polymerization initiator described later.
- the polymerizable compound B is a compound different from the polymer A.
- Examples of the bond involved in the polymerization reaction in the polymerizable compound B include an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- the polymerizable group in the polymerizable compound B is not limited as long as it is a group involved in the polymerization reaction.
- Examples of the polymerizable group in the polymerizable compound B include a group containing an ethylenically unsaturated bond (for example, a vinyl group, an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, a styryl group, and a maleimide group), and a cationically polymerizable group (for example, a cationic polymerizable group). (Epoxy group and oxetane group) can be mentioned.
- the polymerizable group is preferably a group containing an ethylenically unsaturated bond (hereinafter, may be referred to as an "ethylenically unsaturated group”), and more preferably an acryloyl group or a metaacryloyl group.
- the polymerizable compound B is preferably a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond in that the negative photosensitive resin layer is more excellent in photosensitivity, and has one or more ethylenically unsaturated groups in one molecule. It is more preferably a compound (ie, an ethylenically unsaturated compound), and particularly preferably a compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups in one molecule (ie, a polyfunctional ethylenically unsaturated compound). ..
- the number of ethylenically unsaturated groups contained in one molecule of the ethylenically unsaturated compound is preferably 6 or less, and preferably 3 or less, in terms of being excellent in resolution and peelability. It is more preferable, and it is particularly preferable that the number is two or less.
- the ethylenically unsaturated compound is preferably a (meth) acrylate compound having one or more (meth) acryloyl groups in one molecule.
- the polymerizable compound B is a compound having two ethylenically unsaturated groups in one molecule (that is, bifunctional) from the viewpoint of having a better balance of photosensitivity, resolution and peelability in the negative photosensitive resin layer. It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of an ethylenically unsaturated compound) and a compound having three ethylenically unsaturated groups in one molecule (that is, a trifunctional ethylenically unsaturated compound). More preferably, it is a compound having two ethylenically unsaturated groups in the molecule.
- the ratio of the content of the bifunctional ethylenically unsaturated compound to the content of the polymerizable compound B is 60% by mass or more from the viewpoint of excellent peelability of the negative type photosensitive resin layer. It is preferably more than 70% by mass, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the content ratio of the bifunctional ethylenically unsaturated compound to the content of the polymerizable compound B is not limited and may be 100% by mass. That is, all the polymerizable compounds B contained in the negative photosensitive resin layer may be bifunctional ethylenically unsaturated compounds.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer according to the present disclosure preferably contains a polymerizable compound B1 having one or more aromatic rings and two ethylenically unsaturated groups in one molecule.
- the polymerizable compound B1 is a bifunctional ethylenically unsaturated compound having one or more aromatic rings in one molecule among the above-mentioned polymerizable compounds B.
- the ratio of the content of the polymerizable compound B1 to the content of the polymerizable compound B is preferably 40% by mass or more, preferably 50% by mass or more, from the viewpoint of better resolution. It is more preferably 55% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 60% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the ratio of the content of the polymerizable compound B1 to the content of the polymerizable compound B is not limited.
- the ratio of the content of the polymerizable compound B1 to the content of the polymerizable compound B is preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 95% by mass or less, and 90% by mass or less from the viewpoint of peelability. Is more preferable, and 85% by mass or less is particularly preferable.
- Examples of the aromatic ring in the polymerizable compound B1 include an aromatic hydrocarbon ring (for example, a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, and an anthracene ring), an aromatic heterocycle (for example, a thiophene ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, and an imidazole ring. Triazole ring and pyridine ring), and fused rings thereof.
- the aromatic ring is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, more preferably a benzene ring.
- the aromatic ring may have a substituent.
- the polymerizable compound B1 preferably has a bisphenol structure from the viewpoint of improving the resolution by suppressing the swelling of the negative photosensitive resin layer due to the developing solution.
- the bisphenol structure include a bisphenol A structure derived from bisphenol A (that is, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane) and bisphenol F (that is, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane).
- Examples include a bisphenol F structure derived from bisphenol B and a bisphenol B structure derived from bisphenol B (that is, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) butane).
- the bisphenol structure is preferably a bisphenol A structure.
- Examples of the polymerizable compound B1 having a bisphenol structure include a compound having a bisphenol structure and two polymerizable groups (preferably (meth) acryloyl groups) bonded to both ends of the bisphenol structure. Each polymerizable group may be directly attached to the bisphenol structure. Each polymerizable group may be attached to the bisphenol structure via one or more alkyleneoxy groups.
- the alkyleneoxy group added to both ends of the bisphenol structure is preferably an ethyleneoxy group or a propyleneoxy group, and more preferably an ethyleneoxy group.
- the number of alkyleneoxy groups added to the bisphenol structure is not limited, but is preferably 4 to 16 per molecule, and more preferably 6 to 14.
- the polymerizable compound B1 having a bisphenol structure is described in paragraphs 0072 to 0080 of JP-A-2016-224162. The contents of the gazette are incorporated herein by reference.
- the polymerizable compound B1 is preferably a bifunctional ethylenically unsaturated compound having a bisphenol A structure, and more preferably 2,2-bis (4-((meth) acryloxypolyalkoxy) phenyl) propane. ..
- Examples of 2,2-bis (4-((meth) acryloxypolyalkoxy) phenyl) propane include 2,2-bis (4- (methacryloxydiethoxy) phenyl) propane (FA-324M, Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.). Company), 2,2-bis (4- (methacryloxyethoxypropoxy) phenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4- (methacryloxypentethoxy) phenyl) propane (BPE-500, Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) , 2,2-Bis (4- (methacryloxydodecaethoxytetrapropoxy) phenyl) propane (FA-3200MY, Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.), 2,2-bis (4- (methacryloxypentadecaethoxy) phenyl) propane ( BPE-1300, Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), 2,2-bis (4- (methacryloxydiethoxy) phenyl) propane (BPE-200, Shin-Nakamura
- Examples of the polymerizable compound B1 include a compound represented by the following general formula (I).
- R 1 and R 2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- A represents C 2 H 4
- B represents C 3 H 6
- n. 1 and n 3 are independently integers from 1 to 39
- n 1 + n 3 are integers from 2 to 40
- n 2 and n 4 are independent integers from 0 to 29, respectively.
- N 2 + n 4 is an integer of 0 to 30, and the sequence of repeating units of-(AO)-and-(BO)-is random or block. good.
- ⁇ (A—O) ⁇ or ⁇ (BO) ⁇ may be on the bisphenyl group side.
- n 2 + n 4 is preferably an integer of 0 to 10, more preferably an integer of 0 to 4, further preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and particularly preferably 0.
- n 1 + n 2 + n 3 + n 4 is preferably an integer of 2 to 20, more preferably an integer of 2 to 16, and particularly preferably an integer of 4 to 12.
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer may contain one kind alone or two or more kinds of polymerizable compounds B1.
- the content ratio of the polymerizable compound B1 in the negative photosensitive resin layer is preferably 10% by mass or more, preferably 20% by mass, based on the total mass of the negative photosensitive resin layer from the viewpoint of better resolution. % Or more is more preferable.
- the upper limit of the content ratio of the polymerizable compound B1 is not limited.
- the content ratio of the polymerizable compound B1 in the negative photosensitive resin layer is preferably 70% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the negative photosensitive resin layer from the viewpoint of transferability and edge fuse resistance. , 60% by mass or less is more preferable.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer may contain a polymerizable compound B1 and a polymerizable compound B other than the polymerizable compound B1.
- the polymerizable compound B other than the polymerizable compound B1 include a monofunctional ethylenically unsaturated compound (that is, a compound having one ethylenically unsaturated group in one molecule) and a bifunctional ethylenically having no aromatic ring.
- Unsaturated compounds ie, compounds that do not have an aromatic ring in one molecule and have two ethylenically unsaturated groups
- trifunctional or higher functional ethylenically unsaturated compounds ie, in one molecule. Compounds having 3 or more ethylenically unsaturated groups).
- Examples of the monofunctional ethylenically unsaturated compound include ethyl (meth) acrylate, ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl succinate, polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, and polypropylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate. , And phenoxyethyl (meth) acrylate.
- bifunctional ethylenically unsaturated compound having no aromatic ring examples include alkylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polyalkylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, urethane di (meth) acrylate, and trimethylolpropane diacrylate.
- alkylene glycol di (meth) acrylate examples include tricyclodecanedimethanol diacrylate (A-DCP, Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), tricyclodecanedimethanol dimethacrylate (DCP, Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- 1,9-Nonandiol diacrylate (A-NOD-N, Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), 1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate (A-HD-N, Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate , 1,10-decanediol diacrylate, and neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate.
- polyalkylene glycol di (meth) acrylate examples include polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, and polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate.
- Examples of the urethane di (meth) acrylate include propylene oxide-modified urethane di (meth) acrylate, and ethylene oxide and propylene oxide-modified urethane di (meth) acrylate.
- Examples of commercially available products include 8UX-015A (Taisei Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.), UA-32P (Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and UA-1100H (Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
- Examples of the trifunctional or higher functional ethylenically unsaturated compound include dipentaerythritol (tri / tetra / penta / hexa) (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol (tri / tetra) (meth) acrylate, and trimethylolpropane tri (meth).
- Examples thereof include acrylates, trimethylolpropane tetra (meth) acrylates, trimethylolethanetri (meth) acrylates, tri (meth) acrylates of isocyanurates, glycerintri (meth) acrylates, and alkylene oxide modified products thereof.
- (tri / tetra / penta / hexa) (meth) acrylate is a concept that includes tri (meth) acrylate, tetra (meth) acrylate, penta (meth) acrylate, and hexa (meth) acrylate. be.
- (tri / tetra) (meth) acrylate” is a concept including tri (meth) acrylate and tetra (meth) acrylate.
- alkylene oxide-modified product of the trifunctional or higher-functional ethylenically unsaturated compound examples include caprolactone-modified (meth) acrylate compound (for example, KAYARAD (registered trademark) DPCA-20 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) and Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. A-9300-1CL), alkylene oxide-modified (meth) acrylate compound (for example, KAYARAD RP-1040 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., ATM-35E manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- Examples of the polymerizable compound B other than the polymerizable compound B1 include the polymerizable compounds having an acid group described in paragraphs 0025 to 0030 of JP-A-2004-239942.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer preferably contains a polymerizable compound B1 and a trifunctional or higher functional ethylenically unsaturated compound, preferably the polymerizable compound B1 and two or more trifunctional or higher ethylenic compounds. More preferably, it contains an unsaturated compound.
- the mass ratio of the polymerizable compound B1 to the trifunctional or higher ethylenically unsaturated compound is It is preferably 1: 1 to 5: 1, more preferably 1.2: 1 to 4: 1, and particularly preferably 1.5: 1 to 3: 1.
- the molecular weight of the polymerizable compound B (when the polymerizable compound B has a molecular weight distribution, it means the weight average molecular weight (Mw)) is preferably 200 to 3,000, and preferably 280 to 2,200. Is more preferable, and 300 to 2,200 is particularly preferable.
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer may contain one kind alone or two or more kinds of polymerizable compounds B.
- the content ratio of the polymerizable compound B in the negative photosensitive resin layer is preferably 10% by mass to 70% by mass, preferably 20% by mass to 60% by mass, based on the total mass of the negative photosensitive resin layer. It is more preferable, and it is particularly preferable that it is 20% by mass to 50% by mass.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer preferably contains a photopolymerization initiator.
- the photopolymerization initiator is a compound that receives active light (for example, ultraviolet rays, visible light, and X-rays) to initiate polymerization of a polymerizable compound (for example, polymerizable compound B).
- the photopolymerization initiator is not limited, and a known photopolymerization initiator can be used.
- Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include a photoradical polymerization initiator and a photocationic polymerization initiator, and a photoradical polymerization initiator is preferable.
- Examples of the photoradical polymerization initiator include a photopolymerization initiator having an oxime ester structure, a photopolymerization initiator having an ⁇ -aminoalkylphenone structure, a photopolymerization initiator having an ⁇ -hydroxyalkylphenone structure, and an acylphosphine oxide. Examples thereof include a photopolymerization initiator having a structure and a photopolymerization initiator having an N-phenylglycine structure.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer is a dimer of 2,4,5-triarylimidazole as a photoradical polymerization initiator from the viewpoints of photosensitivity, visibility of exposed parts, visibility of unexposed parts, and resolution. It preferably comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of the body and derivatives of 2,4,5-triarylimidazole dimer.
- the two 2,4,5-triarylimidazole dimers and their derivatives may have the same or different structures.
- Derivatives of the 2,4,5-triarylimidazole dimer include, for example, 2- (o-chlorophenyl) -4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer, 2- (o-chlorophenyl) -4,5-di. (Methoxyphenyl) imidazole dimer, 2- (o-fluorophenyl) -4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer, 2- (o-methoxyphenyl) -4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer, and 2- Examples thereof include (p-methoxyphenyl) -4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer.
- photoradical polymerization initiator examples include the polymerization initiators described in paragraphs 0031 to 0042 of JP2011-95716A and paragraphs 0064 to 0081 of JP2015-14783A.
- photoradical polymerization initiator examples include ethyl dimethylaminobenzoate (DBE, CAS No. 10287-53-3), benzoin methyl ether, anisyl (p, p'-dimethoxybenzyl), and benzophenone.
- DBE ethyl dimethylaminobenzoate
- benzoin methyl ether examples include benzoin methyl ether, anisyl (p, p'-dimethoxybenzyl), and benzophenone.
- photoradical polymerization initiators include, for example, TAZ-110 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.), TAZ-111 (Midori Chemical Co., Ltd.), 1- [4- (phenylthio) phenyl] -1,2-octanedione.
- a photocationic polymerization initiator (that is, a photoacid generator) is a compound that generates an acid by receiving active light.
- a compound that is sensitive to active light having a wavelength of 300 nm or more, preferably a wavelength of 300 nm to 450 nm and generates an acid is preferable.
- the chemical structure of the photocationic polymerization initiator is not limited.
- a photocationic polymerization initiator that is not directly sensitive to active light with a wavelength of 300 nm or more is also a sensitizer if it is a compound that is sensitive to active light with a wavelength of 300 nm or more and generates an acid when used in combination with a sensitizer. Can be preferably used in combination with.
- the photocationic polymerization initiator is preferably a photocationic polymerization initiator that generates an acid having a pKa of 4 or less, and more preferably a photocationic polymerization initiator that generates an acid having a pKa of 3 or less.
- a photocationic polymerization initiator that generates 2 or less acids is particularly preferable.
- the lower limit of pKa is not limited.
- the pKa of the acid generated from the photocationic polymerization initiator is preferably -10.0 or more, for example.
- photocationic polymerization initiator examples include an ionic photocationic polymerization initiator and a nonionic photocationic polymerization initiator.
- ionic photocationic polymerization initiator examples include onium salt compounds (for example, diaryliodonium salt compounds and triarylsulfonium salt compounds), and quaternary ammonium salt compounds.
- Examples of the ionic photocationic polymerization initiator include the ionic photocationic polymerization initiator described in paragraphs 0114 to 0133 of JP-A-2014-85643.
- nonionic photocationic polymerization initiator examples include trichloromethyl-s-triazine compounds, diazomethane compounds, imide sulfonate compounds, and oxime sulfonate compounds.
- examples of the trichloromethyl-s-triazine compound, the diazomethane compound, and the imide sulfonate compound include the compounds described in paragraphs 0083 to 0088 of JP2011-221494A.
- examples of the oxime sulfonate compound examples include the compounds described in paragraphs 0084 to 0088 of International Publication No. 2018/179640.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer preferably contains a photoradical polymerization initiator, and is a group consisting of 2,4,5-triarylimidazole dimer and derivatives of 2,4,5-triarylimidazole dimer. It is more preferable to contain at least one selected more.
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer may contain one kind alone or two or more kinds of photopolymerization initiators.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer may contain components other than the above-mentioned components (hereinafter, may be referred to as “arbitrary components”).
- Optional components include, for example, dyes, surfactants, and additives other than the above components.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer has a maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 780 nm at the time of color development from the viewpoints of visibility of the exposed portion, visibility of the non-exposed portion, pattern visibility after development, and resolution. It is preferable to contain a dye having a wavelength of 450 nm or more and whose maximum absorption wavelength is changed by an acid, a base, or a radical (hereinafter, may be referred to as “dye N”). Although the detailed mechanism is unknown, the inclusion of the dye N in the negative photosensitive resin layer improves the adhesion with the layer adjacent to the negative photosensitive resin layer, and is more excellent in resolution.
- the term "maximum absorption wavelength changes depending on an acid, base, or radical" used with respect to a dye means a mode in which a dye in a color-developing state is decolorized by an acid, base, or radical, or a decolorized state. It may mean any aspect of a mode in which the dye in the above color is developed by an acid, a base or a radical, and a mode in which the dye in a color-developing state changes to a color-developing state of another hue.
- the dye N is preferably a dye whose maximum absorption wavelength is changed by an acid or a radical from the viewpoint of visibility of an exposed portion, visibility of a non-exposed portion, and resolution, and the maximum absorption wavelength is changed by a radical. It is more preferable that the pigment is a radical.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer is a dye N whose maximum absorption wavelength is changed by radicals, and a photoradical polymerization initiator from the viewpoints of visibility of exposed parts, visibility of non-exposed parts, and resolution. It is preferable to include both.
- the dye N is preferably a dye that develops color with an acid, a base, or a radical from the viewpoint of visibility of the exposed portion and visibility of the non-exposed portion.
- An example of the color-developing mechanism of dye N is light by exposing a negative photosensitive resin layer containing a photoradical polymerization initiator, a photocationic polymerization initiator (that is, a photoacid generator), or a photobase generator.
- a radical, acid, or base generated from a radical polymerization initiator, photocationic polymerization initiator, or photobase generator causes coloration of a radical-reactive dye, an acid-reactive dye, or a base-reactive dye (eg, leuco dye). A mode of doing so can be mentioned.
- the maximum absorption wavelength in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 780 nm at the time of color development is preferably 550 nm or more, preferably 550 nm to 700 nm, from the viewpoint of the visibility of the exposed portion and the visibility of the non-exposed portion. More preferably, it is particularly preferably 550 to 650 nm.
- the transmission spectrum of a solution containing dye N (liquid temperature 25 ° C.) is measured in the range of 400 nm to 780 nm using a spectrophotometer (UV3100, Shimadzu Corporation) in an atmospheric atmosphere. Then, the measurement is performed by detecting the wavelength at which the light intensity becomes the minimum (maximum absorption wavelength).
- the leuco compound examples include a leuco compound having a triarylmethane skeleton (triarylmethane dye), a leuco compound having a spiropyran skeleton (spiropylan dye), a leuco compound having a fluorane skeleton (fluorane dye), and a diarylmethane skeleton.
- triarylmethane dye a leuco compound having a triarylmethane skeleton
- spiropyran skeleton a leuco compound having a spiropyran skeleton
- fluorane dye fluorane skeleton
- diarylmethane skeleton examples include a diarylmethane skeleton having a diarylmethane skeleton.
- leuco compound (diarylmethane dye) having a leuco compound (diarylmethane dye), a leuco compound having a rhodamine lactam skeleton (rodamine lactam dye), a leuco compound having an indrill phthalide skeleton (indrill phthalide dye), and a leuco auramine skeleton.
- Leuco compounds (leuco auramine dyes) can be mentioned.
- the leuco compound is preferably a triarylmethane dye or a fluorane dye, and more preferably a leuco compound having a triphenylmethane skeleton (triphenylmethane dye) or a fluorane dye.
- the leuco compound preferably has a lactone ring, a surujin ring, or a sultone ring from the viewpoint of visibility of the exposed portion and visibility of the non-exposed portion.
- a radical generated from the photoradical polymerization initiator or an acid generated from the photocationic polymerization initiator By reacting the lactone ring, sultin ring, or sulton ring contained in the leuco compound with a radical generated from the photoradical polymerization initiator or an acid generated from the photocationic polymerization initiator, the leuco compound is changed to a closed ring state.
- the color can be decolorized, or the radical compound can be changed to a ring-opened state to develop a color.
- the leuco compound is preferably a compound having a lactone ring, a sultone ring, or a sultone ring, and the lactone ring, the sultone ring, or the sultone ring is opened by a radical or an acid to develop a color. It is more preferable that the compound has, and the lactone ring is opened by a radical or an acid to develop a color.
- leuco compounds include p, p', p "-hexamethyltriaminotriphenylmethane (leucocrystal violet), Pergascript Blue SRB (Ciba Geigy), crystal violet lactone, malakite green lactone, benzoyl leucomethylene blue, 2 -(N-phenyl-N-methylamino) -6- (N-p-tolyl-N-ethyl) aminofluorane, 2-anilino-3-methyl-6- (N-ethyl-p-toluizino) fluorane, 3,6-dimethoxyfluorane, 3- (N, N-diethylamino) -5-methyl-7- (N, N-dibenzylamino) fluorane, 3- (N-cyclohexyl-N-methylamino) -6- Methyl-7-anilinofluorane, 3- (N, N-diethylamino) -6
- dye N examples include dyes. Specific examples of dyes include Brilliant Green, Ethyl Violet, Methyl Green, Crystal Violet, Basic Fuxin, Methyl Violet 2B, Kinaldine Red, Rose Bengal, Metanyl Yellow, Timor Sulfophthalene, Xylenol Blue, Methyl Orange, Paramethyl.
- the dye N is preferably a dye whose maximum absorption wavelength is changed by radicals from the viewpoints of visibility of exposed parts, visibility of non-exposed parts, pattern visibility after development, and resolution, and color is developed by radicals. It is more preferable that the dye is a radical.
- the dye N is preferably leuco crystal violet, crystal violet lactone, brilliant green, or Victoria pure blue-naphthalene sulfonate.
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer may contain one kind alone or two or more kinds of dyes N.
- the content ratio of the dye N is 0. It is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass, further preferably 0.1% by mass to 5% by mass, and 0.1% by mass to 1% by mass. % Is particularly preferable.
- the content ratio of the dye N means the content ratio of the dye when all of the dye N contained in the negative type photosensitive resin layer is in a colored state.
- a method for quantifying the content ratio of dye N will be described by taking a dye that develops color by radicals as an example. Two solutions are prepared by dissolving the dye (0.001 g) and the dye (0.01 g) in methyl ethyl ketone (100 mL). IRGACURE OXE-01 (BASF) is added as a photoradical polymerization initiator to each of the obtained solutions, and then radicals are generated by irradiating with light of 365 nm to bring all the dyes into a colored state.
- IRGACURE OXE-01 BASF
- the absorbance of each solution having a liquid temperature of 25 ° C. is measured using a spectrophotometer (UV3100, Shimadzu Corporation) to prepare a calibration curve.
- the absorbance of the solution in which all the dyes are colored is measured by the same method as above except that the negative photosensitive resin layer (3 g) is dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone instead of the dye. From the absorbance of the obtained solution containing the negative photosensitive resin layer, the content of the dye contained in the negative photosensitive resin layer is calculated based on the calibration curve.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer preferably contains a surfactant from the viewpoint of thickness uniformity.
- the surfactant include anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic (nonionic) surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants, and nonionic surfactants are preferable.
- nonionic surfactant examples include a polyoxyethylene higher alkyl ether compound, a polyoxyethylene higher alkylphenyl ether compound, a higher fatty acid diester compound of polyoxyethylene glycol, a silicone-based nonionic surfactant, and a fluorine-based nonionic property.
- Surfactants can be mentioned.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer preferably contains a fluorine-based nonionic surfactant from the viewpoint of being more excellent in resolution. It is considered that the negative type photosensitive resin layer contains the fluorine-based nonionic surfactant to suppress the penetration of the etching solution into the negative type photosensitive resin layer and reduce the side etching.
- fluorine-based nonionic surfactants include, for example, Megafuck (registered trademark) F-551 (DIC Corporation), Megafuck F-552 (DIC Corporation), and Megafuck F-554 (DIC Corporation). Company).
- surfactant examples include the surfactant described in paragraphs 0120 to 0125 of International Publication No. 2018/179640, the surfactant described in paragraph 0017 of Japanese Patent No. 45027884, and JP-A-2009-237362.
- the surfactants described in paragraphs 0060 to 0071 of the publication are also mentioned.
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer may contain one type alone or two or more types of surfactants.
- the content ratio of the surfactant is preferably 0.001% by mass to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.01% by mass to 3% by mass, based on the total mass of the negative photosensitive resin layer. preferable.
- the additive examples include a radical polymerization inhibitor, a sensitizer, a plasticizer, a heterocyclic compound, a benzotriazole compound, a carboxybenzotriazole compound, a resin other than the polymer A, and a solvent.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer may contain one kind alone or two or more kinds of additives.
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer may contain a radical polymerization inhibitor.
- the radical polymerization inhibitor include the thermal polymerization inhibitor described in paragraph 0018 of Japanese Patent No. 4502784.
- the radical polymerization inhibitor is preferably phenothiazine, phenoxazine, or 4-methoxyphenol.
- the radical polymerization inhibitor other than the above include naphthylamine, cuprous chloride, nitrosophenylhydroxyamine aluminum salt, and diphenylnitrosamine. It is preferable to use a nitrosophenylhydroxyamine aluminum salt as a radical polymerization inhibitor so as not to impair the sensitivity of the negative photosensitive resin layer.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer may contain a benzotriazole compound.
- the benzotriazole compound include 1,2,3-benzotriazole, 1-chloro-1,2,3-benzotriazole, bis (N-2-ethylhexyl) aminomethylene-1,2,3-benzotriazole, and the like. Examples thereof include bis (N-2-ethylhexyl) aminomethylene-1,2,3-tolyltriazole and bis (N-2-hydroxyethyl) aminomethylene-1,2,3-benzotriazole.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer may contain a carboxybenzotriazole compound.
- the carboxybenzotriazole compound include 4-carboxy-1,2,3-benzotriazole, 5-carboxy-1,2,3-benzotriazole, and N- (N, N-di-2-ethylhexyl) aminomethylene.
- Examples thereof include carboxybenzotriazole, N- (N, N-di-2-hydroxyethyl) aminomethylene carboxybenzotriazole, and N- (N, N-di-2-ethylhexyl) aminoethylene carboxybenzotriazole.
- Examples of commercially available products of the carboxybenzotriazole compound include CBT-1 (Johoku Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
- the ratio of the total content of the radical polymerization inhibitor, the benzotriazol compound, and the carboxybenzotriazol compound is 0.01% by mass to 3% by mass with respect to the total mass of the negative photosensitive resin layer. It is preferably 0.05% by mass to 1% by mass, and more preferably 0.05% by mass to 1% by mass. It is preferable that the ratio of the total content of each of the above components is 0.01% by mass or more from the viewpoint of imparting storage stability to the negative photosensitive resin layer. On the other hand, it is preferable that the ratio of the total content of each of the above-mentioned components is 3% by mass or less from the viewpoint of maintaining the sensitivity and suppressing the decolorization of the dye.
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer may contain a sensitizer.
- the sensitizer is not limited, and a known sensitizer can be used.
- dyes and pigments can also be used as the sensitizer.
- the sensitizer include dialkylaminobenzophenone compounds, pyrazoline compounds, anthracene compounds, coumarin compounds, xanthone compounds, thioxanthone compounds, acridone compounds, oxazole compounds, benzoxazole compounds, thiazole compounds, benzothiazole compounds, and triazole compounds (for example, 1,2,4-triazole), stillben compounds, triazine compounds, thiophene compounds, naphthalimide compounds, triarylamine compounds, and aminoaclysin compounds.
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer may contain one type alone or two or more types of sensitizers.
- the content ratio of the sensitizer can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose, but from the viewpoint of improving the sensitivity to the light source and improving the curing rate by balancing the polymerization rate and the chain transfer. Therefore, it is preferably 0.01% by mass to 5% by mass, and more preferably 0.05% by mass to 1% by mass with respect to the total mass of the negative type photosensitive resin layer.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of a plasticizer and a heterocyclic compound.
- a plasticizer and a heterocyclic compound include the compounds described in paragraphs 097 to 0103 and 0111 to 0118 of International Publication No. 2018/179640.
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer may contain a resin other than the polymer A.
- Resins other than polymer A include acrylic resins, styrene-acrylic copolymers (however, limited to copolymers having a styrene content of 40% by mass or less), polyurethane resins, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl formals, and polyamide resins. Examples thereof include polyester resin, polyamide resin, epoxy resin, polyacetal resin, polyhydroxystyrene resin, polyimide resin, polybenzoxazole resin, polysiloxane resin, polyethyleneimine, polyallylamine, and polyalkylene glycol.
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer may contain a solvent.
- the solvent may remain in the negative type photosensitive resin layer. The solvent will be described later.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer can be used as an additive, for example, as a metal oxide particle, an antioxidant, a dispersant, an acid growth agent, a development accelerator, a conductive fiber, a thermal radical polymerization initiator, a thermal acid generator, or an ultraviolet ray. It may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of absorbents, thickeners, cross-linking agents, organic precipitation inhibitors, and inorganic precipitation inhibitors. Additives are described, for example, in paragraphs 0165 to 0184 of JP2014-85643A. The contents of the gazette are incorporated herein by reference.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer may contain a predetermined amount of impurities.
- impurities include sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper, aluminum, titanium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, zinc, tin, halogen, and ions thereof.
- halide ions, sodium ions, and potassium ions are likely to be mixed as impurities, so the content is preferably as follows.
- the content of impurities in the negative photosensitive resin layer is preferably 80 ppm or less, more preferably 10 ppm or less, and further preferably 2 ppm or less on a mass basis.
- the content of impurities in the negative photosensitive resin layer can be 1 ppb or more or 0.1 ppm or more on a mass basis.
- a raw material having a low impurity content is selected as a raw material for the negative photosensitive resin layer, prevention of impurities from being mixed during formation of the negative photosensitive resin layer, and manufacturing equipment. To remove impurities.
- the amount of impurities can be kept within the above range.
- the impurities can be quantified by a known method, for example, ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) emission spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, or ion chromatography.
- ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma
- the content of benzene, formaldehyde, trichlorethylene, 1,3-butadiene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, and hexane in the negative photosensitive resin layer may be low. preferable.
- the content of the above compound in the negative photosensitive resin layer is preferably 100 ppm or less, more preferably 20 ppm or less, still more preferably 4 ppm or less on a mass basis.
- the content of the above compound in the negative photosensitive resin layer can be 10 ppb or more or 100 ppb or more on a mass basis.
- the content of the above-mentioned compound can be suppressed in the same manner as the above-mentioned metal impurities. Moreover, it can be quantified by a known measurement method.
- the water content in the negative photosensitive resin layer is preferably 0.01% by mass to 1.0% by mass, preferably 0.05% by mass to 0.5%, from the viewpoint of improving reliability and laminateability. More preferably, it is by mass%.
- the thickness of the negative photosensitive resin layer may be determined, for example, according to the thickness of the resin pattern formed in the developing step described later.
- the thickness of the negative photosensitive resin layer may be determined, for example, in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 365 nm is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 30% or more, and more preferably 50% or more, from the viewpoint of being more excellent in adhesion. Especially preferable.
- the upper limit of transmittance is not limited.
- the transmittance of light having a wavelength of 365 nm is preferably 99.9% or less.
- the preparatory step may include a step of manufacturing the laminate.
- the preparatory step includes a step of producing a laminate
- the preparatory step includes a step of preparing a laminated precursor having a transparent base material and a light-shielding pattern on the transparent base material, and the transparent base material and the above-mentioned transparent base material. It is preferable to include a step of forming the negative type photosensitive resin layer on the light-shielding pattern. In the step of forming the negative photosensitive resin layer, it is preferable to form the negative photosensitive resin layer using a photosensitive transfer material.
- the preparatory step includes a step of manufacturing a laminate
- the preparatory step includes a step of preparing a transparent base material, a step of forming a light-shielding pattern on the transparent base material, and the transparent base material and the light-shielding property. It is preferable to include a step of forming a negative photosensitive resin layer on the pattern.
- the steps of forming the light-shielding pattern include a step of forming a light-shielding layer on the transparent substrate, a step of forming a photosensitive resin layer on the light-shielding layer, and exposure of the photosensitive resin layer.
- the step of forming the negative photosensitive resin layer it is preferable to form the negative photosensitive resin layer using a photosensitive transfer material.
- the manufacturing method of the laminated body will be specifically described.
- the method for producing the laminate is not limited as long as it is a method capable of producing the laminate having the above components.
- Examples of the method for producing the laminate include a step of preparing a transparent base material, a step of forming a light-shielding pattern on the transparent base material, and a negative photosensitive pattern on the transparent base material and the light-shielding pattern. Examples thereof include a step of forming a sex resin layer and a method including.
- a transparent base material is used as a starting material.
- a method for producing a laminated body for example, a step of preparing a laminated precursor having a transparent base material and a light-shielding layer on the transparent base material, and a step of forming a light-shielding pattern from the light-shielding layer.
- a method including a step of forming a negative photosensitive resin layer on the transparent base material and the light-shielding pattern can be mentioned.
- a laminated precursor having a transparent base material and a light-shielding layer is used as a starting material.
- the light-shielding layer is a layer that serves as a material for the light-shielding pattern.
- Examples of the method for producing a laminated precursor having a transparent base material and a light-shielding layer include a method of forming a light-shielding layer on the transparent base material.
- a step of preparing a laminated precursor having a transparent base material and a light-shielding pattern on the transparent base material, and on the transparent base material and the light-shielding pattern examples thereof include a method including the step of forming the negative photosensitive resin layer.
- a laminated precursor having a transparent base material and a light-shielding pattern is used as a starting material.
- Examples of a method for producing a laminated precursor having a transparent base material and a light-shielding pattern include a method of forming a light-shielding pattern on the transparent base material.
- Method of forming a light-shielding pattern a method for forming a light-shielding pattern.
- Examples of the method for forming the light-shielding pattern include a method in which a light-shielding layer is formed on a transparent substrate and then the light-shielding layer is processed into a pattern.
- Examples of the method for forming the light-shielding layer include sputtering and plating.
- sputtering for example, a layer containing Cu, Ti, or Ni (light-shielding layer) can be formed on a transparent substrate.
- Cu which has low electrical resistance and is inexpensive, is preferable.
- the component of the layer (light-shielding layer) formed by sputtering may be Ni, Al, Nb, W, Ni-P, or Ni-B.
- Examples of plating include electroless plating.
- a method of electroless plating a known method can be used.
- electroless copper plating copper can be deposited on a transparent substrate by a reaction between copper ions and a reducing agent.
- the catalyst used in electroless plating is preferably a palladium-tin mixed catalyst.
- the primary particle size of the catalyst is preferably 10 nm or less.
- the plating solution used for electroless plating preferably contains hypophosphorous acid as a reducing agent. Examples of the plating include the plating described in the section “Step of forming a conductive pattern” below.
- the structure of the light-shielding layer may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. By forming the light-shielding layer having a multi-layer structure, a conductive pattern having a multi-layer structure can be formed. Examples of the method for forming each layer included in the light-shielding layer having a multi-layer structure include electroless plating, sputtering, vapor deposition, and coating of a coupling agent.
- photolithography As a method of processing the light-shielding layer into a pattern, for example, photolithography can be mentioned.
- photolithography a known photolithography can be used. For example, a photosensitive resin layer is formed on the light-shielding layer, then a resist pattern is formed by exposure and development of the photosensitive resin layer, and then the light-shielding layer not covered by the resist pattern is removed. As a result, a light-shielding pattern can be formed.
- the type of the photosensitive resin layer formed on the light-shielding layer is not limited.
- the photosensitive resin layer may be a positive type photosensitive resin layer or a negative type photosensitive resin layer.
- Examples of the negative photosensitive resin layer include the negative photosensitive resin layer described in the above section “Negative photosensitive resin layer”.
- Examples of the method for forming the photosensitive resin layer include a method using a photosensitive resin composition and a method using a photosensitive transfer material.
- Examples of the method using the photosensitive resin composition include a method of applying the photosensitive resin composition on the light-shielding layer and then drying the photosensitive resin composition.
- the photosensitive resin composition is a composition containing a material for a photosensitive resin layer.
- Examples of the method using the photosensitive transfer material include a method of arranging the photosensitive resin layer on the light-shielding layer by laminating the photosensitive transfer material having the photosensitive resin layer and the light-shielding layer. ..
- Method of forming the negative photosensitive resin layer the following "Method of forming the negative photosensitive resin layer" can be referred to.
- the exposure method of the photosensitive resin layer is not limited as long as it is a method capable of forming an exposed portion and a non-exposed portion in the photosensitive resin layer.
- As the exposure method a known method can be used.
- the region of the photosensitive resin layer to be exposed may be determined according to the shape of the target light-shielding pattern. For the exposure conditions, the section "Exposure step" below can be referred to.
- the method for developing the photosensitive resin layer is not limited as long as the photosensitive resin layer can be processed into a pattern by removing the exposed portion or the non-exposed portion of the photosensitive resin layer.
- the unexposed portion of the negative photosensitive resin layer is removed.
- the development of the positive photosensitive resin layer the exposed portion of the positive photosensitive resin layer is removed.
- a developing method a known method can be used. For the development conditions, the section "Development process" below can be referred to.
- a known method can be used as a method for removing the light-shielding layer (that is, the exposed light-shielding layer) that is not covered by the resist pattern.
- the light-shielding layer contains metal
- the light-shielding layer that is not covered by the resist pattern can be removed by etching.
- the etching include wet etching and dry etching.
- the etching is preferably wet etching.
- Wet etching is etching using a chemical called an etching solution.
- the etching solution include a sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution.
- the composition of the sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution is not limited.
- Examples of the sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution include a sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution in which the concentration of sulfuric acid is 1% by volume to 10% by volume and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 1% by volume to 10% by volume. Be done.
- the temperature of the sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution can be set, for example, in the range of 20 ° C. to 35 ° C.
- the immersion time in the sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution can be set, for example, in the range of 1 minute to 10 minutes.
- the sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution can be used until the concentration of copper dissolved in the sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution becomes, for example, 50 g / L.
- the etching solution include a cupric chloride solution.
- the composition of the cupric chloride solution is not limited.
- the cupric chloride solution for example, a solution containing 20% by mass to 35% by mass of cupric chloride and 1% by mass to 7% by mass of chlorine can be preferably used.
- the etching conditions are not limited to the above conditions.
- the temperature of the etching solution and the immersion time in the etching solution may be determined according to the composition of the light-shielding layer, the thickness of the light-shielding layer, and the type of the etching solution.
- the adhesion layer may be formed on the transparent base material before forming the light-shielding pattern.
- the method for forming the adhesion layer include electroless plating, sputtering, and thin film deposition.
- the method for forming the adhesion layer include a method including application, drying, and sintering of a metal fine particle dispersion liquid in which metal fine particles are dispersed.
- the surface of the transparent base material may be roughened by desmear treatment, if necessary, before forming the adhesion layer and the light-shielding pattern.
- desmear treatment liquid oxidizing roughening liquid
- examples of the desmear treatment liquid include chromium / sulfuric acid roughening liquid, alkaline permanganate roughening liquid (for example, sodium permanganate roughening liquid), and sodium fluoride / chromium / sulfuric acid crude liquid. Examples include chemicals.
- Method of forming a negative photosensitive resin layer a method for forming the negative photosensitive resin layer
- a method for forming the negative photosensitive resin layer examples include a method using a photosensitive resin composition and a method using a photosensitive transfer material.
- Photosensitive resin composition examples include a method of applying the photosensitive resin composition on a transparent base material and a light-shielding pattern, and then drying the photosensitive resin composition.
- the components of the photosensitive resin composition may be determined according to the components of the target negative photosensitive resin layer.
- Preferred components of the photosensitive resin composition include, for example, the components described in the above section "Negative type photosensitive resin layer".
- Examples of the photosensitive resin composition include a composition containing a polymer A, a polymerizable compound B, and a photopolymerization initiator.
- the photosensitive resin composition preferably contains a solvent in order to adjust the viscosity of the photosensitive resin composition and facilitate the formation of the photosensitive resin layer.
- the solvent is not limited as long as it can dissolve or disperse the components of the photosensitive resin composition (for example, the polymer A, the polymerizable compound B, and the polymerization initiator), and a known solvent can be used.
- a known solvent can be used.
- the solvent include an alkylene glycol ether solvent, an alkylene glycol ether acetate solvent, an alcohol solvent (for example, methanol and ethanol), a ketone solvent (for example, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone), and an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent (for example, toluene).
- Examples include aprotonic polar solvents (eg, N, N-dimethylformamide), cyclic ether solvents (eg, tetrahydrofuran), ester solvents, amide solvents, and lactone solvents.
- the photosensitive resin composition preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkylene glycol ether solvent and an alkylene glycol ether acetate solvent.
- the photosensitive resin composition comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkylene glycol ether solvent and an alkylene glycol ether acetate solvent, and at least one selected from the group consisting of a ketone solvent and a cyclic ether solvent. It is more preferable to include it. It is particularly preferable that the photosensitive resin composition contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkylene glycol ether solvent and an alkylene glycol ether acetate solvent, a ketone solvent, and a cyclic ether solvent.
- alkylene glycol ether solvent examples include ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, propylene glycol monoalkyl ether, propylene glycol dialkyl ether, diethylene glycol dialkyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoalkyl ether, and dipropylene glycol dialkyl ether. Be done.
- alkylene glycol ether acetate solvent examples include ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoalkyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoalkyl ether acetate, and dipropylene glycol monoalkyl ether acetate.
- the solvent described in paragraphs 0092 to 0094 of International Publication No. 2018/179640 and the solvent described in paragraph 0014 of JP-A-2018-177789 may be used. These contents are incorporated herein by reference.
- the photosensitive resin composition may contain one kind of solvent alone or two or more kinds of solvents.
- the content ratio of the solvent in the photosensitive resin composition is preferably 50 parts by mass to 1,900 parts by mass, and 100 parts by mass to 900 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total solid content in the photosensitive resin composition. It is more preferable that it is a part.
- the method for preparing the photosensitive resin composition is not limited.
- a method for preparing a photosensitive resin composition for example, a method of preparing a photosensitive resin composition by preparing a solution in which each component is dissolved in a solvent in advance and mixing the obtained solutions in a predetermined ratio. Can be mentioned.
- the photosensitive resin composition is preferably filtered using a filter having a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m before forming the negative photosensitive resin layer.
- the method for applying the photosensitive resin composition is not limited, and a known method can be used.
- Examples of the coating method include slit coating, spin coating, curtain coating, and inkjet coating.
- a method of using the photosensitive transfer material for example, by laminating a photosensitive transfer material having a negative photosensitive resin layer and a transparent base material having a light-shielding pattern, the transparent base material and the light-shielding pattern can be used.
- a method of arranging a negative type photosensitive resin layer on the surface can be mentioned.
- the photosensitive transfer material and the transparent base material are superposed and a means such as a roll or the like is used. It is preferable to pressurize and heat using.
- a laminator, a vacuum laminator, and an auto-cut laminator that can further increase productivity can be used.
- the components of the photosensitive transfer material will be described.
- the photosensitive transfer material has a negative photosensitive resin layer.
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer is as described in the above section “Negative type photosensitive resin layer”.
- the photosensitive transfer material preferably has a temporary support.
- the temporary support is a support that can be peeled off from the photosensitive transfer material.
- the temporary support can support at least a negative photosensitive resin layer.
- the temporary support may be peeled off before the exposure step. After irradiating light without peeling the temporary support in the exposure step, the temporary support may be peeled off. By irradiating light without peeling off the temporary support in the exposure process, the influence of dust and dirt in the exposure environment can be avoided.
- a temporary support having light transmission can be used.
- “having light transmittance” means that the transmittance of light having a wavelength used for pattern exposure is 50% or more.
- the transmittance of light having a wavelength (preferably a wavelength of 365 nm) used for pattern exposure is preferably 60% or more, preferably 70% or more, from the viewpoint of improving the exposure sensitivity of the photosensitive resin layer. More preferably.
- Examples of the temporary support include a glass substrate, a resin film, and paper.
- the temporary support is preferably a resin film from the viewpoint of strength, flexibility, and light transmission.
- the resin film examples include polyethylene terephthalate film (that is, PET film), cellulose triacetate film, polystyrene film, and polycarbonate film.
- the resin film is preferably a PET film, more preferably a biaxially stretched PET film.
- the thickness of the temporary support is not limited.
- the average thickness of the temporary support may be determined, for example, according to the strength of the temporary support, the light transmittance, the material, and the flexibility required for bonding the photosensitive transfer material and the transparent base material. ..
- the average thickness of the temporary support is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. Further, the average thickness of the temporary support is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, and further preferably 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of ease of handling and versatility. It is particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m to 16 ⁇ m.
- the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the temporary support on the side on which the negative photosensitive resin layer is arranged is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or less, and 0.02 ⁇ m or less. Is particularly preferable.
- the lower limit of the arithmetic mean roughness Ra is not limited.
- the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the temporary support on the side on which the negative photosensitive resin layer is arranged may be determined, for example, in the range of 0 ⁇ m or more.
- Arithmetic mean roughness Ra is measured by the following method. Using a three-dimensional optical profiler (New View7300, manufactured by Zygo), a surface profile of the object to be measured is obtained under the following conditions. As the measurement and analysis software, Microscope Application of MetroPro ver 8.3.2 is used. Next, the Surface Map screen is displayed using the above software, and histogram data is obtained in the Surface Map screen. From the obtained histogram data, the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the object to be measured is obtained. When the surface of the object to be measured is in contact with the surface of another layer, the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the exposed object to be measured may be measured by peeling the object to be measured from the other layer. ..
- the temporary support (particularly the resin film) is free from, for example, deformation (for example, wrinkles), scratches, and defects. From the viewpoint of transparency of the temporary support, it is preferable that the number of fine particles, foreign substances, defects, and precipitates contained in the temporary support is small.
- the number of fine particles, foreign substances, and defects having a diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more is preferably 50 pieces / 10 mm 2 or less, more preferably 10 pieces / 10 mm 2 or less, and 3 pieces / It is more preferably 10 mm 2 or less, and particularly preferably 0/10 mm 2.
- the photosensitive transfer material may have a cover film (also referred to as a protective film). According to the cover film, the surface of the layer in contact with the cover film (for example, a negative photosensitive resin layer) can be protected.
- the photosensitive transfer material preferably includes a temporary support, a negative photosensitive resin layer, and a cover film in this order.
- the photosensitive transfer material preferably has a cover film in contact with the surface of the negative photosensitive resin layer opposite to the side on which the temporary support is arranged.
- cover film examples include a resin film and paper.
- the cover film is preferably a resin film from the viewpoint of strength and flexibility.
- the resin film examples include polyethylene film, polypropylene film, polyethylene terephthalate film, cellulose triacetate film, polystyrene film, and polycarbonate film.
- the resin film is preferably a polyethylene film, a polypropylene film, or a polyethylene terephthalate film.
- the thickness of the cover film is not limited.
- the average thickness of the cover film is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the cover film on the side on which the negative photosensitive resin layer is arranged is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or less, and preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of excellent resolution. It is more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the arithmetic mean roughness Ra is not limited.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the surface of the cover film on the side on which the negative photosensitive resin layer is arranged is preferably 0.001 ⁇ m or more.
- the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the surface of the cover film on the side on which the negative photosensitive resin layer is arranged is measured by a method according to the method for measuring the arithmetic mean roughness Ra described in the above section “Temporary Support”.
- the thermoplastic resin layer preferably contains an alkali-soluble resin as the thermoplastic resin.
- alkali-soluble resin examples include acrylic resin, polystyrene resin, styrene-acrylic copolymer, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl formal, polyamide resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, epoxy resin, polyacetal resin, and polyhydroxystyrene resin.
- alkali-soluble resin examples include acrylic resin, polystyrene resin, styrene-acrylic copolymer, polyurethane resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl formal, polyamide resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, epoxy resin, polyacetal resin, and polyhydroxystyrene resin.
- examples thereof include polyimide resins, polybenzoxazole resins, polysiloxane resins, polyethyleneimines, polyallylamines, and polyalkylene glycols.
- the alkali-soluble resin is preferably an acrylic resin from the viewpoint of developability and adhesion to a layer adjacent to the thermoplastic resin layer.
- the "acrylic resin” is selected from the group consisting of a structural unit derived from (meth) acrylic acid, a structural unit derived from (meth) acrylic acid ester, and a structural unit derived from (meth) acrylic acid amide. It means a resin having at least one kind.
- the ratio of the total content of the structural unit derived from (meth) acrylic acid, the structural unit derived from (meth) acrylic acid ester, and the structural unit derived from (meth) acrylic acid amide is the ratio of the total content of the acrylic resin. It is preferably 50% by mass or more with respect to the total mass.
- the ratio of the total content of the structural unit derived from (meth) acrylic acid and the structural unit derived from (meth) acrylic acid ester is 30% by mass to 100% by mass with respect to the total mass of the acrylic resin. %, More preferably 50% by mass to 100% by mass.
- the alkali-soluble resin is preferably a polymer having an acid group.
- the acid group include a carboxy group, a sulfo group, a phosphoric acid group, and a phosphonic acid group, and a carboxy group is preferable.
- the alkali-soluble resin is preferably an alkali-soluble resin having an acid value of 60 mgKOH / g or more, and more preferably a carboxy group-containing acrylic resin having an acid value of 60 mgKOH / g or more.
- the upper limit of acid value is not limited.
- the acid value of the alkali-soluble resin is preferably 200 mgKOH / g or less, and more preferably 150 mgKOH / g or less.
- the carboxy group-containing acrylic resin having an acid value of 60 mgKOH / g or more is not limited, and can be appropriately selected from known resins and used.
- Examples of the carboxy group-containing acrylic resin having an acid value of 60 mgKOH / g or more include carboxy group-containing acrylic resins having an acid value of 60 mgKOH / g or more among the polymers described in paragraph 0025 of JP-A-2011-95716. Described in paragraphs 0033 to 0052 of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-237589, a carboxy group-containing acrylic resin having an acid value of 60 mgKOH / g or more, and paragraphs 0053 to 0068 of JP-A-2016-224162.
- a carboxy group-containing acrylic resin having an acid value of 60 mgKOH / g or more can be mentioned.
- the content ratio of the structural unit having a carboxy group in the carboxy group-containing acrylic resin is preferably 5% by mass to 50% by mass, preferably 10% by mass to 40% by mass, based on the total mass of the carboxy group-containing acrylic resin. It is more preferable, and it is particularly preferable that it is 12% by mass to 30% by mass.
- the alkali-soluble resin is particularly preferably an acrylic resin having a structural unit derived from (meth) acrylic acid from the viewpoint of developability and adhesion to a layer adjacent to the thermoplastic resin layer.
- the alkali-soluble resin may have a reactive group.
- the reactive group may be, for example, an addition-polymerizable group.
- Reactive groups include, for example, ethylenically unsaturated groups, polycondensable groups (eg, hydroxy and carboxy groups), and polyaddition reactive groups (eg, epoxy groups and (blocking) isocyanate groups). Be done.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the alkali-soluble resin is preferably 1,000 or more, more preferably 10,000 to 100,000, and particularly preferably 20,000 to 50,000.
- the thermoplastic resin layer may contain one type alone or two or more types of alkali-soluble resins.
- the content ratio of the alkali-soluble resin is 10% by mass to 99% by mass with respect to the total mass of the thermoplastic resin layer from the viewpoint of developability and adhesion to the layer adjacent to the thermoplastic resin layer. It is more preferably 20% by mass to 90% by mass, further preferably 40% by mass to 80% by mass, and particularly preferably 50% by mass to 70% by mass.
- the thermoplastic resin layer has a maximum absorption wavelength of 450 nm or more in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 780 nm at the time of color development, and the maximum absorption wavelength is changed by an acid, a base, or a radical (hereinafter referred to as “dye B”). In some cases), it is preferable to include.
- the preferred embodiment of the dye B is the same as the preferred embodiment of the dye N described above, except for the points described later.
- the dye B is preferably a dye whose maximum absorption wavelength is changed by an acid or a radical from the viewpoints of visibility of the exposed portion, visibility of the non-exposed portion, and resolution, and the maximum absorption wavelength is changed by the acid. It is more preferable that the pigment is a dye.
- the thermoplastic layer includes a dye whose maximum absorption wavelength is changed by an acid as the dye B and a compound that generates an acid by light, which will be described later, from the viewpoints of visibility of the exposed part, visibility of the non-exposed part, and resolution. , Are preferably included.
- the thermoplastic resin layer may contain one type alone or two or more types of dye B.
- the content ratio of the dye B is preferably 0.2% by mass or more, preferably 0.2% by mass, based on the total mass of the thermoplastic resin layer from the viewpoint of the visibility of the exposed portion and the visibility of the non-exposed portion. It is more preferably% to 6% by mass, further preferably 0.2% by mass to 5% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.25% by mass to 3.0% by mass.
- the content ratio of the dye B means the content ratio of the dye when all of the dye B contained in the thermoplastic resin layer is in a colored state.
- a method for quantifying the content ratio of dye B will be described by taking a dye that develops color by radicals as an example. Two solutions are prepared by dissolving the dye (0.001 g) and the dye (0.01 g) in methyl ethyl ketone (100 mL). IRGACURE OXE-01 (BASF) is added as a photoradical polymerization initiator to each of the obtained solutions, and then radicals are generated by irradiating with light of 365 nm to bring all the dyes into a colored state.
- IRGACURE OXE-01 BASF
- the absorbance of each solution having a liquid temperature of 25 ° C. is measured using a spectrophotometer (UV3100, Shimadzu Corporation) to prepare a calibration curve.
- the absorbance of the solution in which all the dyes are colored is measured by the same method as above except that the thermoplastic resin layer (0.1 g) is dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone instead of the dye. From the absorbance of the obtained solution containing the thermoplastic resin layer, the amount of the dye contained in the thermoplastic resin layer is calculated based on the calibration curve.
- the thermoplastic resin layer preferably contains a photoacid generator from the viewpoint of resolution.
- the photoacid generator include a photocationic polymerization initiator that may be contained in the negative-type photosensitive resin layer described above, and the same preferred embodiments are used except for the points described below.
- the photoacid generator preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of onium salt compounds and oxime sulfonate compounds, and has sensitivity, resolution and adhesion. From the viewpoint, it is more preferable to contain an oxime sulfonate compound.
- the photoacid generator is a photoacid generator having the following structure.
- the thermoplastic resin layer may contain a photobase generator.
- the photobase generator include 2-nitrobenzylcyclohexylcarbamate, triphenylmethanol, O-carbamoylhydroxylamide, O-carbamoyloxime, [[(2,6-dinitrobenzyl) oxy] carbonyl] cyclohexylamine, and bis [ [(2-Nitrobenzyl) oxy] carbonyl] hexane 1,6-diamine, 4- (methylthiobenzoyl) -1-methyl-1-morpholinoetan, (4-morpholinobenzoyl) -1-benzyl-1-dimethylaminopropane , N- (2-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl) pyrrolidine, hexaammine cobalt (III) tris (triphenylmethylborate), 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) -butanone, 2,6 -Dimethyl
- the thermoplastic resin layer may contain a photoradical polymerization initiator.
- the photoradical polymerization initiator include a photoradical polymerization initiator that may be contained in the negative photosensitive resin layer described above, and the preferred embodiment is also the same.
- the thermoplastic resin layer may contain one kind alone or two or more kinds of compound C.
- the content ratio of the compound C is 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the thermoplastic resin layer from the viewpoint of the visibility of the exposed portion, the visibility of the non-exposed portion, and the resolution. It is preferable, and it is more preferable that it is 0.5% by mass to 5% by mass.
- the thermoplastic resin layer preferably contains a plasticizer from the viewpoints of resolution, adhesion to a layer adjacent to the thermoplastic resin layer, and developability.
- the molecular weight of the plasticizer (the molecular weight of the oligomer or polymer is the weight average molecular weight (Mw); the same applies hereinafter in this paragraph) is preferably smaller than the molecular weight of the alkali-soluble resin.
- the molecular weight of the plasticizer is preferably 200 to 2,000.
- the plasticizer is not limited as long as it is a compound that develops plasticity by being compatible with an alkali-soluble resin. From the viewpoint of imparting plasticity, the plasticizer is preferably a compound having an alkyleneoxy group in the molecule, and more preferably a polyalkylene glycol compound.
- the alkyleneoxy group contained in the plasticizer preferably has a polyethyleneoxy structure or a polypropyleneoxy structure.
- the plasticizer preferably contains a (meth) acrylate compound from the viewpoint of resolution and storage stability. From the viewpoint of compatibility, resolution, and adhesion to the layer adjacent to the thermoplastic resin layer, it is more preferable that the alkali-soluble resin is an acrylic resin and the plasticizer contains a (meth) acrylate compound.
- thermoplastic resin layer and the negative type photosensitive resin layer are arranged in direct contact with each other, the thermoplastic resin layer and the negative type photosensitive resin layer are each the same (meth) acrylate compound. Is preferably included. This is because the thermoplastic resin layer and the negative photosensitive resin layer each contain the same (meth) acrylate compound, so that the diffusion of components between the layers is suppressed and the storage stability is improved.
- the thermoplastic resin layer contains a (meth) acrylate compound as a plasticizer
- the (meth) acrylate compound may not polymerize even in the exposed portion after exposure from the viewpoint of adhesion to the layer adjacent to the thermoplastic resin layer. preferable.
- the (meth) acrylate compound used as a plasticizer is composed of two or more (meth) acrylate compounds in one molecule from the viewpoints of resolution, adhesion to a layer adjacent to a thermoplastic resin layer, and developability. It is preferably a (meth) acrylate compound having a meta) acryloyl group.
- the (meth) acrylate compound used as a plasticizer is preferably a (meth) acrylate compound having an acid group or a urethane (meth) acrylate compound.
- thermoplastic resin layer may contain one type alone or two or more types of plasticizers.
- the content ratio of the plasticizer is 1% by mass to 70% by mass with respect to the total mass of the thermoplastic resin layer from the viewpoints of resolution, adhesion to the layer adjacent to the thermoplastic resin layer, and developability. It is preferably 10% by mass to 60% by mass, and particularly preferably 20% by mass to 50% by mass.
- the thermoplastic resin layer preferably contains a surfactant from the viewpoint of thickness uniformity.
- the surfactant include a surfactant that may be contained in the negative photosensitive resin layer described above, and the preferred embodiment is the same.
- thermoplastic resin layer may contain one type alone or two or more types of surfactants.
- the content ratio of the surfactant is preferably 0.001% by mass to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.01% by mass to 3% by mass, based on the total mass of the thermoplastic resin layer.
- the thermoplastic resin layer may contain a sensitizer.
- the sensitizer include the sensitizer that may be contained in the negative photosensitive resin layer described above.
- thermoplastic resin layer may contain one type alone or two or more types of sensitizers.
- the content ratio of the sensitizer is 0.01% by mass to 5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the thermoplastic resin layer from the viewpoint of improving the sensitivity to the light source, the visibility of the exposed part, and the visibility of the non-exposed part. %, More preferably 0.05% by mass to 1% by mass.
- thermoplastic resin layer may contain known additives in addition to the above components, if necessary.
- thermoplastic resin layer is described in paragraphs 0189 to 0193 of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-85643. The contents of the gazette are incorporated herein by reference.
- the thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer is not limited.
- the average thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of adhesion to the layer adjacent to the thermoplastic resin layer.
- the upper limit of the average thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer is not limited. From the viewpoint of developability and resolvability, the average thickness of the thermoplastic resin layer is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the method for forming the thermoplastic resin layer is not limited as long as it is a method capable of forming a layer containing the above components.
- Examples of the method for forming the thermoplastic resin layer include a method in which the thermoplastic resin composition is applied to the surface of the temporary support and the coating film of the thermoplastic resin composition is dried.
- thermoplastic resin composition examples include a composition containing the above components.
- the thermoplastic resin composition preferably contains a solvent in order to adjust the viscosity of the thermoplastic resin composition and facilitate the formation of the thermoplastic resin layer.
- the solvent contained in the thermoplastic resin composition is not limited as long as it is a solvent capable of dissolving or dispersing the components contained in the thermoplastic resin layer.
- the solvent include a solvent that may be contained in the above-mentioned photosensitive resin composition, and the preferred embodiment is also the same.
- thermoplastic resin composition may contain one kind alone or two or more kinds of solvents.
- the content ratio of the solvent in the thermoplastic resin composition is preferably 50 parts by mass to 1,900 parts by mass, and 100 parts by mass to 900 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total solid content in the thermoplastic resin composition. It is more preferable that it is a part.
- thermoplastic resin composition The preparation of the thermoplastic resin composition and the formation of the thermoplastic resin layer may be carried out according to the above-mentioned method for preparing the photosensitive resin composition and the method for forming the negative type photosensitive resin layer.
- a thermoplastic resin composition was prepared by preparing a solution in which each component contained in the thermoplastic resin layer was dissolved in a solvent in advance and mixing the obtained solutions in a predetermined ratio, and then obtained.
- the thermoplastic resin layer can be formed by applying the thermoplastic resin composition to the surface of the temporary support and drying the coating film of the thermoplastic resin composition. Further, after forming the negative type photosensitive resin layer on the cover film, the thermoplastic resin layer may be formed on the surface of the negative type photosensitive resin layer.
- the photosensitive transfer material preferably has an intermediate layer between the thermoplastic resin layer and the negative photosensitive resin layer. According to the intermediate layer, it is possible to suppress the mixing of components when forming a plurality of layers and during storage.
- the intermediate layer is preferably a water-soluble layer from the viewpoint of developability and suppressing mixing of components during application of the plurality of layers and storage after application.
- water-soluble means that the solubility in 100 g of water having a liquid temperature of 22 ° C. and a pH of 7.0 is 0.1 g or more.
- the intermediate layer examples include an oxygen blocking layer having an oxygen blocking function, which is described as a “separation layer” in JP-A-5-72724. Since the intermediate layer is an oxygen blocking layer, the sensitivity at the time of exposure is improved, the time load of the exposure machine is reduced, and as a result, the productivity is improved.
- the oxygen blocking layer used as the intermediate layer may be appropriately selected from known layers.
- the oxygen blocking layer used as the intermediate layer is preferably an oxygen blocking layer that exhibits low oxygen permeability and is dispersed or dissolved in water or an alkaline aqueous solution (1% by mass aqueous solution of sodium carbonate at 22 ° C.).
- the intermediate layer preferably contains a resin.
- the resin contained in the intermediate layer include polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, polyvinylpyrrolidone-based resin, cellulose-based resin, acrylamide-based resin, polyethylene oxide-based resin, gelatin, vinyl ether-based resin, polyamide resin, and copolymers thereof. Can be mentioned.
- the resin contained in the intermediate layer is preferably a water-soluble resin.
- the resin contained in the intermediate layer is the polymer A contained in the negative photosensitive resin layer and the thermoplastic resin (alkali-soluble resin) contained in the thermoplastic resin layer from the viewpoint of suppressing the mixing of the components between the plurality of layers. It is preferable that the resin is different from any of the above.
- the intermediate layer preferably contains polyvinyl alcohol, and preferably contains polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, from the viewpoint of oxygen blocking property and suppressing mixing of components during application of the plurality of layers and storage after application. Is more preferable.
- the intermediate layer may contain one kind of resin alone or two or more kinds of resins.
- the content ratio of the resin in the intermediate layer is 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of the intermediate layer from the viewpoint of oxygen blocking property and suppressing mixing of components during application of the plurality of layers and storage after application. It is preferably ⁇ 100% by mass, more preferably 70% by mass to 100% by mass, further preferably 80% by mass to 100% by mass, and particularly preferably 90% by mass to 100% by mass. preferable.
- the intermediate layer may contain an additive if necessary.
- the additive include a surfactant.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer is not limited.
- the average thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
- the oxygen blocking property is not deteriorated, the mixing of the components at the time of forming a plurality of layers and at the time of storage can be suppressed, and the intermediate layer at the time of development can be suppressed. The increase in removal time can be suppressed.
- the method of forming the intermediate layer is not limited as long as it is a method capable of forming a layer containing the above components.
- Examples of the method for forming the intermediate layer include a method in which the composition for the intermediate layer is applied to the surface of the thermoplastic resin layer or the negative photosensitive resin layer, and then the coating film of the composition for the intermediate layer is dried. Be done.
- composition for the intermediate layer examples include a composition containing a resin and an arbitrary additive.
- the composition for the intermediate layer preferably contains a solvent in order to adjust the viscosity of the composition for the intermediate layer and facilitate the formation of the intermediate layer.
- the solvent is not limited as long as it is a solvent that can dissolve or disperse the resin.
- the solvent is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of water and a water-miscible organic solvent, and more preferably water or a mixed solvent of water and a water-miscible organic solvent.
- water-miscible organic solvent examples include alcohol, acetone, ethylene glycol, and glycerin having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the water-miscible organic solvent is preferably an alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably methanol or ethanol.
- the average thickness of the photosensitive transfer material is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 55 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 20 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m.
- the average thickness of the photosensitive transfer material is measured by a method according to the method for measuring the average thickness of the transparent substrate.
- the shape of the photosensitive transfer material is not limited.
- the shape of the photosensitive transfer material according to the present disclosure is preferably roll-shaped from the viewpoint of versatility and transportability. By winding the photosensitive transfer material, the shape of the photosensitive transfer material can be made into a roll.
- the method for producing the photosensitive transfer material is not limited.
- Examples of the method for producing a photosensitive transfer material include a step of forming a negative photosensitive resin layer by applying a photosensitive resin composition on a temporary support, and a method of forming a negative photosensitive resin layer on the negative photosensitive resin layer.
- the photosensitive resin composition applied on the temporary support may be dried, if necessary.
- the drying method is not limited, and a known drying method can be used.
- Examples of the method of arranging the cover film on the negative type photosensitive resin layer include a method of pressing the cover film against the negative type photosensitive resin layer.
- the "surface facing the light-shielding pattern of the transparent base material” means the surface of the transparent base material facing the light-shielding pattern.
- the “surface facing the light-shielding pattern of the transparent base material” is the surface of the transparent base material 10 in contact with the light-shielding pattern 20, that is, the side opposite to the surface to be exposed 10a. Refers to the side facing. For example, as shown in FIG.
- the light-shielding property is obtained.
- a part of the negative photosensitive resin layer 30 that is, the exposed portion 30a
- the exposed portion of the negative photosensitive resin layer has reduced solubility in a developing solution. Further, as compared with the case of irradiating light from the negative photosensitive resin layer toward the transparent substrate, the surface of the transparent substrate opposite to the surface facing the light-shielding pattern is irradiated with light.
- the light source used in the exposure step may be a light source that irradiates the negative photosensitive resin layer with light having a wavelength that allows exposure (for example, 365 nm or 405 nm).
- Specific examples of the light source include an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, and an LED (Light Emitting Diode).
- the light irradiated in the exposure step preferably contains a wavelength included in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 1,500 nm, more preferably contains a wavelength included in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 450 nm, and has a wavelength range of 300 nm to 410 nm. It is preferable to include the wavelength contained in, and it is more preferable to include the wavelength of 365 nm.
- the exposure amount is preferably 5 mJ / cm 2 to 200 mJ / cm 2 , and more preferably 10 mJ / cm 2 to 100 mJ / cm 2 .
- a part of the negative photosensitive resin layer can be selectively exposed by the light-shielding pattern, so that the entire surface of the transparent substrate opposite to the light-shielding pattern is exposed. You may irradiate with light.
- a negative photosensitive resin layer is developed to form a resin pattern in a region defined by a transparent base material and a light-shielding pattern.
- the non-exposed portion of the negative photosensitive resin layer 30 is removed to correspond to the shape of the exposed portion 30a of the negative photosensitive resin layer 30.
- a resin pattern 40 having a shape to be formed is formed.
- the negative photosensitive resin layer can be developed using, for example, a developing solution.
- the type of developer is not limited as long as the non-exposed portion of the negative photosensitive resin layer can be removed.
- a known developing solution for example, the developing solution described in JP-A-5-72724
- JP-A-5-72724 a known developing solution
- the developer is preferably an alkaline aqueous solution-based developer containing a compound having a pKa of 7 to 13 at a concentration of 0.05 mol / L to 5 mol / L.
- the developer may contain a water-soluble organic solvent and / or a surfactant.
- the developing solution the developing solution described in paragraph 0194 of International Publication No. 2015/093271 is also preferable.
- the development method is not particularly limited, and may be any of paddle development, shower development, shower and spin development, and dip development.
- shower development is a development process in which an exposed portion or a non-exposed portion is removed by spraying a developing solution onto the photosensitive resin layer after exposure by a shower.
- the cleaning agent After the developing step, it is preferable to spray the cleaning agent with a shower and rub with a brush to remove the developing residue.
- the temperature of the developer is not limited.
- the liquid temperature of the developing solution is preferably 20 ° C. to 40 ° C.
- the average thickness of the resin pattern is preferably larger than the average thickness of the light-shielding pattern.
- a thick conductive pattern can be formed.
- the ratio of the average thickness of the resin pattern to the average thickness of the light-shielding pattern ([average thickness of the resin pattern] / [average thickness of the light-shielding pattern]) is preferably 1.1 or more. It is more preferably 5 or more, and particularly preferably 3 or more.
- the ratio of the average thickness of the resin pattern to the average thickness of the light-shielding pattern may be 4, 5, or 10.
- the average thickness of the resin pattern is assumed by a method according to the method for measuring the average thickness of the transparent base material.
- the average thickness of the resin pattern is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably more than 2 ⁇ m. Further, the average thickness of the resin pattern is preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m or more. The upper limit of the thickness of the resin pattern is not limited. The average thickness of the resin pattern may be determined, for example, in the range of 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the average width of the resin pattern is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average width of the resin pattern is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more.
- the average width of the resin pattern is measured by a method according to the method for measuring the average width of the light-shielding pattern.
- the conductive pattern is formed on the light-shielding pattern.
- the conductive pattern 50 is formed in the region defined by the light-shielding pattern 20 and the resin pattern 40.
- a known method can be used as a method for forming the conductive pattern.
- a material having conductivity suitable for the application can be used as the material of the conductive pattern.
- the material of the conductive pattern preferably contains Cu or an alloy of Cu.
- the alloy of Cu is preferably an alloy of Cu and at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Mo, Ta, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Mn, Co, and W.
- the conductive pattern formed using the above-mentioned materials includes the above-mentioned metal elements.
- the conductive pattern obtained in the step of forming the conductive pattern may be a conductive pattern made of Cu.
- a known method can be used as a method for forming the conductive pattern on the light-shielding pattern.
- plating known plating can be used. Examples of plating include electroplating and electroless plating.
- the plating is preferably electroplating, more preferably electrocopper plating.
- a light-shielding pattern that can function as a seed layer is used as a cathode, and a conductive pattern can be formed on the light-shielding pattern by stacking metal on the light-shielding pattern.
- Examples of the components of the plating solution used in electroplating include water-soluble copper salts.
- a water-soluble copper salt usually used as a component of a plating solution can be used.
- the water-soluble copper salt is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of, for example, an inorganic copper salt, an alkane sulfonic acid copper salt, an alkanol sulfonic acid copper salt, and an organic acid copper salt.
- Examples of the inorganic copper salt include copper sulfate, copper oxide, copper chloride, and copper carbonate.
- Examples of the alkane sulfonic acid copper salt include copper methane sulfonate and copper propane sulfonate.
- Examples of the alkanol sulfonate copper salt include copper isethionic acid and copper propanol sulfonate.
- the organic acid copper salt include copper acetate, copper citrate, and copper tartrate.
- the plating solution may contain sulfuric acid. Since the plating solution contains sulfuric acid, the pH of the plating solution and the sulfate ion concentration can be adjusted.
- the electroplating method and conditions are not limited. For example, by supplying the transparent base material after the developing step to the plating tank to which the plating solution is added, a conductive pattern can be formed on the light-shielding pattern. In electroplating, for example, a conductive pattern can be formed by controlling the current density and the transport speed of the transparent substrate.
- the temperature of the plating solution used for electroplating is generally 70 ° C. or lower, preferably 10 ° C. to 40 ° C.
- the current density in electroplating is generally 0.1 A / dm 2 to 100 A / dm 2 , preferably 0.5 A / dm 2 to 20 A / dm 2.
- a plurality of metals may be continuously plated.
- a conductive pattern formed of a metal such as copper reflection may cause a problem of deterioration in visibility or aesthetics.
- the method for reducing the reflectance of the surface of the electric pattern include oxidation treatment, sulfurization treatment, nitriding treatment, chlorination treatment, formation of a blackened layer film, and black plating.
- oxidation treatment sulfurization treatment, nitriding treatment, chlorination treatment, formation of a blackened layer film, and black plating.
- a layer containing a black material can be formed on the surface of the conductive pattern.
- the method for reducing the reflectance of the surface of the electric pattern is preferably an oxidation treatment or a sulfurization treatment.
- the oxidation treatment can obtain a more excellent antiglare effect, and is also preferable from the viewpoint of simplicity of waste liquid treatment and environmental safety.
- the post-baking process may be performed.
- the insulation reliability, the curing property, or the plating adhesion can be improved by completely heat-curing the unreacted thermosetting component.
- the heating temperature is preferably 80 ° C. to 240 ° C.
- the heating time is preferably 5 minutes to 120 minutes.
- the surface of the conductive pattern may be protected by a resin layer.
- the surface of the conductive pattern can be protected by forming a resin layer on the conductive pattern after forming the conductive pattern.
- the components of the resin layer include an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, a polyvinyl acetal resin layer, a polyimide resin, and an epoxy resin.
- the method for forming the resin layer include coating and thermal pressure bonding.
- the structure of the conductive pattern may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.
- the components of each layer of the conductive pattern having a multi-layer structure may be the same or different.
- the thickness of the conductive pattern is not limited.
- the thickness of the conductive pattern may be determined, for example, according to the application.
- the average thickness of the conductive pattern may be determined according to, for example, the magnitude of the current supplied to the wiring and the wiring width.
- the average thickness of the conductive pattern is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 2 ⁇ m or more.
- the average thickness of the conductive pattern is preferably 3 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the average thickness of the conductive pattern is measured by a method according to the method for measuring the average thickness of the transparent substrate.
- the width of the conductive pattern is preferably narrow.
- the average width of the conductive pattern is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the average width of the conductive pattern is 5 ⁇ m or less, it is possible to reduce the visibility of the conductive pattern in a device that is sensitive to visibility, such as a touch panel.
- the average width of the conductive pattern is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 0.8 ⁇ m or more.
- the average width of the conductive pattern is measured by a method according to the method for measuring the average width of the light-shielding pattern.
- the surface resistance value of the conductive pattern is preferably less than 0.2 ⁇ / ⁇ , and more preferably less than 0.15 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- the surface resistance value of the conductive pattern is measured by the 4-probe method. When the pattern size is fine and measurement is difficult, the surface resistance value of the conductive layer may be measured before pattern formation.
- the interface between the conductive pattern and the light-shielding pattern may not be clearly observed.
- the interface between the light-shielding pattern and the conductive pattern may not be clearly observed.
- the fact that the interface between the conductive pattern and the light-shielding pattern is not clearly observed does not preclude the object of the present disclosure.
- the resin pattern remaining on the transparent substrate does not have to be removed.
- the resin pattern may be used as a permanent film.
- the method for producing a conductive pattern according to the present disclosure preferably includes a step of removing the resin pattern after the step of forming the conductive pattern.
- Examples of the method for removing the resin pattern include a method for removing the resin pattern by chemical treatment.
- the method for removing the resin pattern is preferably a method for removing the resin pattern using a removing liquid.
- a transparent substrate having a resin pattern is added to the removing liquid during stirring at a liquid temperature of preferably 30 ° C. to 80 ° C., more preferably 50 ° C. to 80 ° C. for 1 minute to 30 ° C.
- a method of immersing for a minute can be mentioned.
- Examples of the removing liquid include a removing liquid in which an inorganic alkaline component or an organic alkaline component is dissolved in water, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, or a mixed solution thereof.
- Examples of the inorganic alkaline component include sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
- Examples of the organic alkali component include a primary amine compound, a secondary amine compound, a tertiary amine compound, and a quaternary ammonium salt compound.
- the method of removing the resin pattern using the removing liquid is not limited to the dipping method, and may be a known method other than the dipping method (for example, a spray method, a shower method, and a paddle method).
- the conductive pattern obtained by the method for producing a conductive pattern according to the present disclosure can be applied to various uses.
- Applications of the conductive pattern obtained by the method for manufacturing the conductive pattern according to the present disclosure include, for example, a touch sensor, an electromagnetic wave shield, an antenna, a wiring board, and a conductive heating element.
- the conductive pattern obtained by the method for producing a conductive pattern according to the present disclosure can function as, for example, an electric conductor.
- the conductive pattern obtained by the method for producing a conductive pattern according to the present disclosure can exhibit various functions depending on the characteristics of the conductive pattern.
- the touch sensor according to the present disclosure has a conductive pattern obtained by the method for manufacturing a conductive pattern according to the present disclosure.
- the conductive pattern can be used as, for example, a transparent electrode or a frame wiring.
- the components of the touch sensor according to the present disclosure are not limited except that they include a conductive pattern obtained by the method for producing a conductive pattern according to the present disclosure.
- a component other than the conductive pattern a component included in a known touch sensor can be used.
- the touch sensor is described in, for example, Japanese Patent No. 6486341 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-155978. The publications described above are incorporated herein by reference.
- the method for manufacturing the touch sensor according to the present disclosure is not limited as long as it is a method using the conductive pattern obtained by the method for manufacturing the conductive pattern according to the present disclosure.
- the electromagnetic wave shield according to the present disclosure has a conductive pattern obtained by the method for producing a conductive pattern according to the present disclosure.
- the conductive pattern can be used as, for example, an electromagnetic wave shield body.
- the components of the electromagnetic wave shield according to the present disclosure are not limited except that the conductive pattern obtained by the method for producing the conductive pattern according to the present disclosure is included.
- a component other than the conductive pattern a component included in a known electromagnetic wave shield can be used.
- the electromagnetic wave shield is described in, for example, Japanese Patent No. 6486382 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-163951. The publications described above are incorporated herein by reference.
- the method for manufacturing the electromagnetic wave shield according to the present disclosure is not limited as long as it is a method using the conductive pattern obtained by the method for manufacturing the conductive pattern according to the present disclosure.
- the antenna according to the present disclosure is an antenna having a conductive pattern obtained by the method for manufacturing a conductive pattern according to the present disclosure.
- the conductive pattern can be used as, for example, a transmission / reception unit or a transmission line unit.
- the components of the antenna according to the present disclosure are not limited except that the conductive pattern obtained by the method for producing the conductive pattern according to the present disclosure is included.
- a component other than the conductive pattern a component included in a known antenna can be used.
- the antenna is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-219999. The publications described above are incorporated herein by reference.
- the method for manufacturing the antenna according to the present disclosure is not limited as long as it is a method using the conductive pattern obtained by the method for manufacturing the conductive pattern according to the present disclosure.
- the wiring board according to the present disclosure has a conductive pattern obtained by the method for manufacturing a conductive pattern according to the present disclosure.
- the conductive pattern can be used, for example, as wiring for a printed wiring board.
- the components of the wiring board according to the present disclosure are not limited except that they include the conductive pattern obtained by the method for manufacturing the conductive pattern according to the present disclosure.
- a component other than the conductive pattern a component included in a known wiring board can be used.
- the wiring board is described in, for example, Japanese Patent No. 05774686 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-204538. The publications described above are incorporated herein by reference.
- the method for manufacturing the wiring board according to the present disclosure is not limited as long as it is a method using the conductive pattern obtained by the method for manufacturing the conductive pattern according to the present disclosure.
- the conductive heating element according to the present disclosure has a conductive pattern obtained by the method for producing a conductive pattern according to the present disclosure.
- the conductive pattern can be used as a heating element, for example.
- the components of the conductive heating element according to the present disclosure are not limited except that the conductive pattern obtained by the method for producing the conductive pattern according to the present disclosure is included.
- a component other than the conductive pattern a component included in a known conductive heating element can be used.
- the conductive heating element is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6486382. The publications described above are incorporated herein by reference.
- the method for manufacturing the conductive heating element according to the present disclosure is not limited as long as it is a method using the conductive pattern obtained by the method for manufacturing the conductive pattern according to the present disclosure.
- the structure according to one aspect of the present disclosure is arranged on the transparent base material, the light-shielding pattern on the transparent base material, and next to the light-shielding pattern on the transparent base material, and the transparent group. It has a resin pattern in contact with a material, and the average thickness of the light-shielding pattern is 2 ⁇ m or less, and the average thickness of the resin pattern exceeds 2 ⁇ m or more.
- a structure useful as a material for forming a thick conductive pattern in which the occurrence of morphological abnormalities is reduced is provided.
- the conductive pattern 50 can be formed as shown in FIG. 1 (d).
- structure A the structure according to the above aspect is referred to as "structure A".
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure according to the present disclosure.
- the structure 200 shown in FIG. 2 has a transparent base material 11, a light-shielding pattern 21, and a resin pattern 41.
- the light-shielding pattern 21 is arranged on the transparent base material 11.
- the light-shielding pattern 21 is in contact with the transparent base material 11. However, as will be described later, the light-shielding pattern 21 may come into contact with the transparent base material 11 via another layer.
- the resin pattern 41 is arranged on the transparent base material 11 next to the light-shielding pattern 21 and is in contact with the transparent base material 11.
- Transparent base material The structure A according to the present disclosure has a transparent base material.
- the transparent base material include the transparent base material described in the above section "Method for producing a conductive pattern".
- the preferred embodiment of the transparent substrate is the same as the preferred embodiment of the transparent substrate described in the above section "Method for producing a conductive pattern”.
- the structure A according to the present disclosure has a light-shielding pattern on a transparent base material.
- the average thickness of the light-shielding pattern is 2 ⁇ m or less.
- Examples of the light-shielding pattern include the light-shielding pattern described in the section “Method for manufacturing a conductive pattern”.
- the preferred embodiment of the light-shielding pattern is the same as the preferred embodiment of the light-shielding pattern described in the above section "Method for producing a conductive pattern”.
- the light-shielding pattern may be in contact with the transparent substrate directly or via another layer.
- the other layer include an adhesion layer.
- the adhesion layer include the adhesion layer described in the section “Method for manufacturing a conductive pattern”.
- the preferred embodiment of the adhesion layer is the same as the preferred embodiment of the adhesion layer described in the above section "Method for producing a conductive pattern”.
- the structure A according to the present disclosure has a resin pattern that is arranged next to the light-shielding pattern on the transparent base material and is in contact with the transparent base material.
- the average thickness of the resin pattern exceeds 2 ⁇ m.
- Examples of the resin pattern include the resin pattern described in the section “Method for manufacturing a conductive pattern”.
- the preferred embodiment of the resin pattern is the same as the preferred embodiment of the resin pattern described in the above section "Method for producing a conductive pattern”.
- the method for producing the structure A according to the present disclosure is not limited as long as it is a method capable of producing a structure having the above components.
- the structure A can be manufactured, for example, by a method including a preparation step, an exposure step, and a developing step described in the above section “Method for manufacturing a conductive pattern”.
- the structure according to another aspect of the present disclosure is arranged on the transparent base material, the conductive pattern on the transparent base material, and next to the conductive pattern on the transparent base material, and is described above. It has a resin pattern in contact with a transparent substrate, and the average thickness of the conductive pattern is 2 ⁇ m or more and is equal to or less than the average thickness of the resin pattern, and the average thickness of the resin pattern is 2 ⁇ m or more. Is. According to the above aspect, there is provided a structure having a thick conductive pattern in which the occurrence of morphological abnormalities is reduced.
- structure B the structure according to the above aspect is referred to as "structure B".
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure according to the present disclosure.
- the structure 210 shown in FIG. 3 has a transparent base material 12, a conductive pattern 51, and a resin pattern 42.
- the conductive pattern 51 is arranged on the transparent base material 21.
- the conductive pattern 51 is in contact with the transparent base material 12.
- the conductive pattern 51 may come into contact with the transparent base material 12 via another layer.
- the resin pattern 42 is arranged on the transparent base material 12 next to the conductive pattern 51 and is in contact with the transparent base material 12.
- the structure B according to the present disclosure has a transparent base material.
- the transparent base material include the transparent base material described in the above section "Method for producing a conductive pattern".
- the preferred embodiment of the transparent substrate is the same as the preferred embodiment of the transparent substrate described in the above section "Method for producing a conductive pattern”.
- the structure B according to the present disclosure has a conductive pattern on a transparent base material.
- the average thickness of the conductive pattern is 2 ⁇ m or more and equal to or less than the average thickness of the resin pattern.
- Examples of the conductive pattern include the conductive pattern described in the above section "Method for manufacturing a conductive pattern”.
- the preferred embodiment of the conductive pattern is the same as the preferred embodiment of the conductive pattern described in the above section "Method for producing a conductive pattern”.
- the conductive pattern may be in contact with the transparent substrate directly or via another layer.
- the other layer may be a conductive layer.
- the other layer may be used.
- the light-shielding pattern described in the section “Method for manufacturing a conductive pattern” can be mentioned.
- the preferred embodiment of the light-shielding pattern is the same as the preferred embodiment of the light-shielding pattern described in the above section "Method for producing a conductive pattern".
- the structure B according to the present disclosure has a resin pattern that is arranged next to the conductive pattern on the transparent base material and is in contact with the transparent base material.
- the average thickness of the resin pattern is 2 ⁇ m or more.
- the resin pattern include the resin pattern described in the section “Method for manufacturing a conductive pattern”.
- the preferred embodiment of the resin pattern is the same as the preferred embodiment of the resin pattern described in the above section "Method for producing a conductive pattern”.
- the method for producing the structure B is not limited as long as it is a method capable of producing a structure having the above components.
- the structure A can be manufactured, for example, by a method including a preparation step, an exposure step, a developing step, and a conductive pattern forming step described in the above section “Method for manufacturing a conductive pattern”.
- Polymer A-3 is contained in the same manner as in polymer A-1, except that the monomers (styrene, methacrylic acid, and methyl methacrylate) used in the synthesis of polymer A-1 are changed to the following monomers.
- a solution solid content concentration: 40.0% by mass
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer A-3 was 40,000.
- Benzyl methacrylate (81.0 g)
- the mixture was held at 150 ° C. for 1 hour and then cooled.
- the mixture was neutralized with oxalic acid, then ion-exchanged water (50 g) was added to the mixture and stirred, and then the mixture was allowed to stand to extract the separated organic layer.
- the obtained organic layer was washed three times with ion-exchanged water (50 g), and then the solvent was removed by reducing the pressure to 30 Torr at 50 ° C. to obtain a dihydric alcohol (105.1 g).
- Hydroquinone monomethyl ether (0.09 g) was added to the organic layer, and the solvent was removed by reducing the pressure to 30 Torr at 50 ° C. to remove an average of 15 mol of ethylene oxide and an average of 2 mol of propylene oxide at both ends of bisphenol A. Dimethacrylate (90.0 g) of polyethylene glycol added with the above was obtained.
- a negative photosensitive resin composition (solid content concentration: 25% by mass) was prepared by adding methyl ethyl ketone.
- bifunctional methacrylic acid ester represents dimethacrylate of polyethylene glycol in which an average of 15 mol of ethylene oxide and an average of 2 mol of propylene oxide are added to both ends of bisphenol A, respectively.
- B-CIM represents 2,2'-bis (2-chlorophenyl) -4,4', 5,5'-tetraphenyl-1,2'-biimidazole.
- Example 1 [Preparation of photosensitive transfer material] A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (Toray Industries, Inc., Lumirror 16KS40, thickness: 16 ⁇ m: arithmetic average roughness Ra: 0.02 ⁇ m) was prepared as a temporary support. A negative photosensitive resin composition is applied to the surface of the temporary support using a slit-shaped nozzle so that the coating width is 1.0 m and the thickness after drying is the value shown in Table 2. bottom. The type of negative photosensitive resin composition was selected according to the description in Table 2. The formed negative-type photosensitive resin composition was dried at 90 ° C. for 100 seconds to form a negative-type photosensitive resin layer.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- Ra arithmetic average roughness Ra: 0.02 ⁇ m
- a photosensitive transfer material was prepared by pressing a polyethylene film (Tamapoli Co., Ltd., GF-818, thickness: 19 ⁇ m) as a cover film on the surface of the formed negative photosensitive resin layer. By winding up the obtained photosensitive transfer material, a roll-shaped photosensitive transfer material was produced.
- a PET film with a copper layer was produced by forming a copper layer having a thickness of 200 nm on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m by sputtering. After peeling the cover film from the photosensitive transfer material, the photosensitive transfer material was attached to the PET film with a copper layer. The bonding step was performed under the conditions that the roll temperature was 100 ° C., the linear pressure was 1.0 MPa, and the linear velocity was 1.0 m / min.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the negative type photosensitive resin layer was exposed by irradiating light with a high-pressure mercury lamp exposure machine (MAP-1200L manufactured by Dainippon Kaken Co., Ltd., main wavelength: 365 nm) through a photomask.
- a high-pressure mercury lamp exposure machine MA-1200L manufactured by Dainippon Kaken Co., Ltd., main wavelength: 365 nm
- the copper layer not covered with the resin pattern was etched with an etching solution (Cu-02 manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.).
- the residual resin pattern was removed using a stripping solution (10 mass% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution).
- the copper pattern functions as a light-shielding pattern.
- Table 2 shows the average thickness of the copper pattern.
- the PET film with a copper pattern and the photosensitive transfer material 1 were bonded together.
- the bonding step was performed under the conditions that the roll temperature was 100 ° C., the linear pressure was 1.0 MPa, and the linear velocity was 1.0 m / min.
- the obtained laminate has a PET film, a copper pattern (light-shielding pattern), a negative photosensitive resin layer, and a temporary support in this order.
- Copper was deposited by electrolytic copper plating on a copper pattern (light-shielding pattern) not covered by the resin pattern.
- the current density in electrolytic copper plating was 1.8 ASD.
- the processing time in electrolytic copper plating was 6 minutes.
- the PET film after electrolytic copper plating was heated at 130 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- Table 2 shows the average thickness of the copper pattern (conductive pattern) precipitated by electrolytic copper plating.
- the abnormal portion refers to a portion where morphological abnormalities such as cracking, peeling, and chipping are observed in the conductive pattern.
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- the following criteria are one of the indexes showing the productivity of the bonding process.
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Abstract
Description
本開示の一態様は、形態異常の発生(例えば、割れ、剥がれ、欠け、サイドエッチングに起因したテーパー形状の発生、及びエッチングのバラツキに起因した寸法の不安定性。以下同じ。)が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを形成する導電性パターンの製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
本開示の他の一態様は、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを有するタッチセンサーを提供することを目的とする。
本開示の他の一態様は、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを有する電磁波シールドを提供することを目的とする。
本開示の他の一態様は、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを有するアンテナを提供することを目的とする。
本開示の他の一態様は、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを有する配線基板を提供することを目的とする。
本開示の他の一態様は、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを有する導電性加熱素子を提供することを目的とする。
本開示の他の一態様は、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを形成するための材料として有用な構造体を提供することを目的とする。
本開示の他の一態様は、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを有する構造体を提供することを目的とする。
<2> 上記導電性パターンを形成する工程において、めっきによって上記導電性パターンを形成する<1>に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<3> 上記めっきが、電気めっきである<2>に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<4> 上記めっきが、電気銅めっきである<2>に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<5> 上記遮光性パターンが、導電性を有する<1>~<4>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<6> 上記遮光性パターンの平均厚さが、2μm以下である<1>~<5>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<7> 上記積層体を準備する工程が、上記透明基材と、上記透明基材の上に遮光性パターンと、を有する積層前駆体を準備する工程と、上記透明基材及び上記遮光性パターンの上に上記ネガ型感光性樹脂層を形成する工程と、を含む<1>~<6>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<8> 上記積層体を準備する工程が、上記透明基材を準備する工程と、上記透明基材の上に遮光性パターンを形成する工程と、上記透明基材及び上記遮光性パターンの上にネガ型感光性樹脂層を形成する工程と、を含む<1>~<6>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<9> 上記遮光性パターンを形成する工程が、上記透明基材の上に遮光性層を形成する工程と、上記遮光性層の上に感光性樹脂層を形成する工程と、上記感光性樹脂層の露光及び現像によってレジストパターンを形成する工程と、上記レジストパターンによって覆われていない上記遮光性層を除去する工程と、を含む<8>に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<10> 上記ネガ型感光性樹脂層を形成する工程において、感光性転写材料を用いて上記ネガ型感光性樹脂層を形成する<7>~<9>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<11> 上記導電性パターンを形成する工程の後、上記樹脂パターンを除去する工程を含む<1>~<10>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<12> 上記樹脂パターンの平均厚さが、上記遮光性パターンの平均厚さより大きい<1>~<11>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<13> 上記樹脂パターンの平均厚さが、3μm以上である<1>~<12>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<14> 上記樹脂パターンの平均厚さが、5μm以上である<1>~<13>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<15> 上記樹脂パターンの平均厚さが、10μm以上である<1>~<14>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<16> 上記遮光性パターンの平均幅が、5μm以下である<1>~<15>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<17> 上記樹脂パターンの平均幅が、5μm以下である<1>~<16>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<18> 上記光が、365nmの波長を含む<1>~<17>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<19> 上記ネガ型感光性樹脂層が、アルカリ可溶性高分子と、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物と、光重合開始剤と、を含む<1>~<18>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
<20> <1>~<19>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを有するタッチセンサー。
<21> <1>~<19>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを有する電磁波シールド。
<22> <1>~<19>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを有するアンテナ。
<23> <1>~<19>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを有する配線基板。
<24> <1>~<19>のいずれか1つに記載の導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを有する導電性加熱素子。
<25> 透明基材と、上記透明基材の上に遮光性パターンと、上記透明基材の上で上記遮光性パターンの隣に配置され、かつ、上記透明基材に接する樹脂パターンと、を有し、上記遮光性パターンの平均厚さが、2μm以下であり、上記樹脂パターンの平均厚さが、2μmを超える構造体。
<26> 上記遮光性パターンの平均幅が、5μm以下であり、かつ、上記樹脂パターンの平均幅が、5μm以下である<25>に記載の構造体。
<27> 透明基材と、上記透明基材の上に導電性パターンと、上記透明基材の上で上記導電性パターンの隣に配置され、かつ、上記透明基材に接する樹脂パターンと、を有し、上記導電性パターンの平均厚さが、2μm以上、かつ、上記樹脂パターンの平均厚さ以下であり、上記樹脂パターンの平均厚さが、2μm以上である構造体。
<28> 上記導電性パターンの平均幅が、5μm以下であり、かつ、上記樹脂パターンの平均幅が、5μm以下である<27>に記載の構造体。
本開示の他の一態様によれば、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを有するタッチセンサーが提供される。
本開示の他の一態様によれば、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを有する電磁波シールドが提供される。
本開示の他の一態様によれば、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを有するアンテナが提供される。
本開示の他の一態様によれば、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを有する配線基板が提供される。
本開示の他の一態様によれば、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを有する導電性加熱素子が提供される。
本開示の他の一態様によれば、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを形成するための材料として有用な構造体が提供される。
本開示の他の一態様によれば、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを有する構造体が提供される。
本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法は、透明基材と、上記透明基材の上に遮光性パターンと、上記透明基材及び上記遮光性パターンの上に配置され、かつ、上記透明基材に接するネガ型感光性樹脂層と、を有する積層体を準備する工程(以下、「準備工程」という場合がある。)と、上記透明基材の上記遮光性パターンに対向する面とは反対側の面に対して光を照射する工程(以下、「露光工程」という場合がある。)と、上記ネガ型感光性樹脂層を現像することで、上記透明基材と上記遮光性パターンとによって画定される領域に樹脂パターンを形成する工程(以下、「現像工程」という場合がある。)と、上記遮光性パターンの上に導電性パターンを形成する工程(以下、「導電性パターンの形成工程」という場合がある。)と、を含む。本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によれば、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンが形成される。
ているため、厚みのある導電性パターンの形状、及び寸法の制御性が課題となる。一方、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法では、準備工程、露光工程、現像工程、及び導電性パターンの形成工程を経ることで、例えば、サイドエッチング又はシード層の除去に伴う導電性パターンの形態異常の発生を低減することができる。ここで、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法について図1を参照して説明する。図1は、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法の一例を示す概略断面図である。図1(a)は、準備工程の一例を示す。図1(b)は、露光工程の一例を示す。図1(c)は、現像工程の一例を示す。図1(d)は、導電性パターンの形成工程の一例を示す。図1(a)に示される積層体100は、透明基材10と、遮光性パターン20と、ネガ型感光性樹脂層30と、を有する。図1(b)に示されるように、透明基材10の遮光性パターン20に対向する面とは反対側の面(すなわち、被露光面10a)に対して光を照射する。遮光性パターン20を通過する光の割合が小さいため、透明基材10の被露光面10aに入射した光は、透明基材10を経てネガ型感光性樹脂層30の露光部30aを通過する。この結果、ネガ型感光性樹脂層30の露光部30aが選択的に露光される。図1(c)に示されるように、ネガ型感光性樹脂層30を現像することでネガ型感光性樹脂層30の露光部30a以外の部分を除去し、透明基材10と遮光性パターン20とによって画定される領域(すなわち、溝)に樹脂パターン40を形成する。図1(d)に示されるように、遮光性パターン20の上に導電性パターン50を形成する。図1(d)において、導電性パターン50は、鋳型のように機能する遮光性パターン20と樹脂パターン40とによって画定される領域(すなわち、溝)に形成される。上記のような工程を経ることで、厚みのある導電性パターン50を容易に形成することができる。よって、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によれば、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンが形成される。
準備工程では、透明基材と、上記透明基材の上に遮光性パターンと、上記透明基材及び上記遮光性パターンの上に配置され、かつ、上記透明基材に接するネガ型感光性樹脂層と、を有する積層体を準備する。本開示において、「準備」とは、対象物を使用可能な状態にすることを意味する。積層体は、事前に製造された積層体であってもよい。積層体は、準備工程において製造された積層体であってもよい。すなわち、準備工程は、積層体を製造する工程を含んでもよい。
積層体は、透明基材を有する。本開示において、「透明」とは、露光波長の透過率が50%以上であることを意味する。「透明」との用語において規定される露光波長の透過率は、80%以上であることが好ましく、90%であることがより好ましく、95%であることが特に好ましい。本開示において、「露光波長の透過率」とは、露光工程において対象物(例えば、透明基材)に到達する光に含まれる波長の透過率を意味する。例えば、露光工程において波長365nmの光源を用いる場合、「露光波長の透過率」とは、波長365nmの透過率をいう。本開示において、「透過率」とは、測定対象物の主面に垂直な方向(すなわち、厚さ方向)に光を入射させたときの入射光の強度に対する、測定対象物を通過して出射した出射光の強度の比率である。透過率は、大塚電子株式会社製のMCPD Seriesを用いて測定する。
積層体は、透明基材の上に遮光性パターンを有する。例えば、図1(b)に示されるように、積層体100が遮光性パターン20を有することで、露光工程においてネガ型感光性樹脂層30の一部(すなわち、露光部30a)を選択的に露光することができる。本開示において、「遮光」とは、露光波長の透過率が、50%未満であることを意味する。「遮光」との用語において規定される露光波長の透過率は、30%未満であることが好ましく、10%未満であることがより好ましく、1%未満であることが特に好ましい。
積層体は、透明基材及び遮光性パターンの上に配置され、かつ、上記透明基材に接するネガ型感光性樹脂層を有する。ネガ型感光性樹脂層は、遮光性パターンに直接又は他の層を介して接してもよい。ネガ型感光性樹脂層は、遮光性パターンに接していることが好ましい。ネガ型感光性樹脂層としては、公知のネガ型感光性樹脂層を利用することができる。
ネガ型感光性樹脂層は、重合体Aを含むことが好ましい。重合体Aは、アルカリ可溶性高分子であることが好ましい。アルカリ可溶性高分子は、アルカリ物質に溶け易い高分子を包含する。
ネガ型感光性樹脂層は、重合性化合物Bを含むことが好ましい。本開示において、「重合性化合物」とは、重合反応に関与する結合、又は重合性基を有し、後述する重合開始剤の作用を受けて重合する化合物を意味する。なお、重合性化合物Bは、上記重合体Aとは異なる化合物である。
本開示に係るネガ型感光性樹脂層は、一分子中に、1つ以上の芳香環、及び2つのエチレン性不飽和基を有する重合性化合物B1を含むことが好ましい。重合性化合物B1は、上記した重合性化合物Bのうち、一分子中に1つ以上の芳香環を有する2官能エチレン性不飽和化合物である。
ネガ型感光性樹脂層は、光重合開始剤を含むことが好ましい。光重合開始剤は、活性光線(例えば、紫外線、可視光線、及びX線)を受けて、重合性化合物(例えば、重合性化合物B)の重合を開始する化合物である。
ネガ型感光性樹脂層は、上記した成分以外の成分(以下、「任意成分」という場合がある。)を含んでもよい。任意成分としては、例えば、色素、界面活性剤、及び上記成分以外の添加剤が挙げられる。
ネガ型感光性樹脂層は、露光部の視認性、非露光部の視認性、現像後のパターン視認性、及び解像性の観点から、発色時の波長範囲である400nm~780nmにおける最大吸収波長が450nm以上であり、かつ、酸、塩基、又はラジカルにより最大吸収波長が変化する色素(以下、「色素N」という場合がある。)を含むことが好ましい。詳細なメカニズムは不明であるが、ネガ型感光性樹脂層が色素Nを含むことで、ネガ型感光性樹脂層に隣接する層との密着性が向上し、解像性により優れる。
ネガ型感光性樹脂層は、厚さの均一性の観点から、界面活性剤を含むことが好ましい。界面活性剤としては、例えば、アニオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤、ノニオン性(非イオン性)界面活性剤、及び両性界面活性剤が挙げられ、ノニオン性界面活性剤が好ましい。
添加剤としては、例えば、ラジカル重合禁止剤、増感剤、可塑剤、ヘテロ環状化合物、ベンゾトリアゾール化合物、カルボキシベンゾトリアゾール化合物、重合体A以外の樹脂、及び溶剤が挙げられる。ネガ型感光性樹脂層は、1種単独、又は2種以上の添加剤を含んでもよい。
ネガ型感光性樹脂層は、所定量の不純物を含んでいてもよい。不純物の具体例としては、ナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、鉄、マンガン、銅、アルミニウム、チタン、クロム、コバルト、ニッケル、亜鉛、スズ、ハロゲン、及びこれらのイオンが挙げられる。上記の中でも、ハロゲン化物イオン、ナトリウムイオン、及びカリウムイオンは不純物として混入し易いため、下記の含有量にすることが好ましい。
ネガ型感光性樹脂層の厚さは、例えば、後述する現像工程において形成する樹脂パターンの厚さに応じて決定すればよい。ネガ型感光性樹脂層の厚さは、例えば、1μm~100μmの範囲で決定すればよい。
ネガ型感光性樹脂層において、波長365nmの光の透過率は、密着性により優れる点から、10%以上であることが好ましく、30%以上であることがより好ましく、50%以上であることが特に好ましい。透過率の上限は、制限されない。ネガ型感光性樹脂層において、波長365nmの光の透過率は、99.9%以下であることが好ましい。
上記したように、準備工程は、積層体を製造する工程を含んでもよい。準備工程が積層体を製造する工程を含む場合、準備工程は、透明基材と、上記透明基材の上に遮光性パターンと、を有する積層前駆体を準備する工程と、上記透明基材及び上記遮光性パターンの上に上記ネガ型感光性樹脂層を形成する工程と、を含むことが好ましい。上記ネガ型感光性樹脂層を形成する工程において、感光性転写材料を用いて上記ネガ型感光性樹脂層を形成することが好ましい。
以下、遮光性パターンの形成方法について説明する。遮光性パターンの形成方法としては、例えば、透明基材の上に遮光性層を形成し、次いで、上記遮光性層をパターン状に加工する方法が挙げられる。
以下、ネガ型感光性樹脂層の形成方法について説明する。ネガ型感光性樹脂層の形成方法としては、例えば、感光性樹脂組成物を用いる方法、及び感光性転写材料を用いる方法が挙げられる。
感光性樹脂組成物を用いる方法としては、例えば、透明基材及び遮光性パターンの上に、感光性樹脂組成物を塗布し、次いで、感光性樹脂組成物を乾燥する方法が挙げられる。
感光性転写材料を用いる方法としては、例えば、ネガ型感光性樹脂層を有する感光性転写材料と、遮光性パターンを有する透明基材とを貼り合わせることで、透明基材及び遮光性パターンの上にネガ型感光性樹脂層を配置する方法が挙げられる。ネガ型感光性樹脂層を有する感光性転写材料と、遮光性パターンを有する透明基材とを貼り合わせる方法においては、上記感光性転写材料と上記透明基材とを重ね合わせて、ロール等の手段を用いて加圧及び加熱を行うことが好ましい。貼り合わせには、ラミネーター、真空ラミネーター、及び、より生産性を高めることができるオートカットラミネーターを用いることができる。以下、感光性転写材料の構成要素について説明する。
感光性転写材料は、ネガ型感光性樹脂層を有する。ネガ型感光性樹脂層については、上記「ネガ型感光性樹脂層」の項において説明したとおりである。
感光性転写材料は、仮支持体を有することが好ましい。仮支持体は、感光性転写材料から剥離可能な支持体である。仮支持体は、少なくともネガ型感光性樹脂層を支持することができる。仮支持体は、露光工程の前に剥離してもよい。露光工程において仮支持体を剥離せずに光を照射した後、仮支持体を剥離してもよい。露光工程において仮支持体を剥離せずに光を照射することで、露光環境中のごみ及び埃の影響を避けることができる。
感光性転写材料は、カバーフィルム(保護フィルムともいう。)を有してもよい。カバーフィルムによれば、カバーフィルムに接触する層(例えば、ネガ型感光性樹脂層)の表面を保護することができる。感光性転写材料は、仮支持体と、ネガ型感光性樹脂層と、カバーフィルムと、をこの順で含むことが好ましい。感光性転写材料は、ネガ型感光性樹脂層の仮支持体が配置された側とは反対側の面に接するカバーフィルムを有することが好ましい。
本開示に係る感光性転写材料は、熱可塑性樹脂層を有してもよい。感光性転写材料は、仮支持体とネガ型感光性樹脂層との間に熱可塑性樹脂層を有することが好ましい。感光性転写材料が仮支持体とネガ型感光性樹脂層との間に熱可塑性樹脂層を有することで、被着物への追従性が向上して、被着物と感光性転写材料との間の気泡の混入が抑制される結果、層間の密着性が向上するためである。
感光性転写材料は、熱可塑性樹脂層とネガ型感光性樹脂層との間に、中間層を有することが好ましい。中間層によれば、複数の層を形成する際、及び保存の際における成分の混合を抑制できる。
感光性転写材料の平均厚さは、5μm~55μmであることが好ましく、10μm~50μmであることがより好ましく、20μm~40μmであることが特に好ましい。感光性転写材料の平均厚さは、上記透明基材の平均厚さの測定方法に準ずる方法によって測定する。
感光性転写材料の形状は、制限されない。本開示に係る感光性転写材料の形状は、汎用性、及び運搬性の観点から、ロール状であることが好ましい。感光性転写材料を巻き取ることで、感光性転写材料の形状をロール状にすることができる。
感光性転写材料の製造方法は、制限されない。感光性転写材料の製造方法としては、例えば、仮支持体の上に、感光性樹脂組成物を塗布することによってネガ型感光性樹脂層を形成する工程と、上記ネガ型感光性樹脂層の上にカバーフィルムを配置する工程と、を含む方法が挙げられる。上記方法においては、必要に応じて、仮支持体の上に塗布された感光性樹脂組成物を乾燥してもよい。乾燥方法としては、制限されず、公知の乾燥方法を利用することができる。ネガ型感光性樹脂層の上に、カバーフィルムを配置する方法としては、例えば、ネガ型感光性樹脂層にカバーフィルムを圧着させる方法が挙げられる。
露光工程では、透明基材の遮光性パターンに対向する面とは反対側の面に対して光を照射する。本開示において、「透明基材の遮光性パターンに対向する面」とは、透明基材の表面のうち遮光性パターンを向いている面を意味する。例えば、図1(b)において、「透明基材の遮光性パターンに対向する面」とは、遮光性パターン20に接している透明基材10の表面、すなわち、被露光面10aとは反対側を向く面をいう。例えば、図1(b)に示されるように、透明基材10の遮光性パターン20に対向する面とは反対側の面(すなわち、被露光面10a)に対して光を照射すると、遮光性パターン20によってネガ型感光性樹脂層30に到達する光の一部が遮られることで、ネガ型感光性樹脂層30の一部(すなわち、露光部30a)を選択的に露光することができる。ネガ型感光性樹脂層の露光部は、現像液に対する溶解性が低下する。また、ネガ型感光性樹脂層から透明基材へ向かう方向に光を照射する場合に比べて、透明基材の遮光性パターンに対向する面とは反対側の面に対して光を照射することで、透明基材の近傍にあるネガ型感光性樹脂層の硬化を促進することができる。この結果、後述する現像工程において、樹脂パターンの解像性を向上させることができる。また、直線性の高い側壁を有する樹脂パターンを形成することができる。
現像工程では、ネガ型感光性樹脂層を現像することで、透明基材と遮光性パターンとによって画定される領域に樹脂パターンを形成する。例えば、図1(c)に示されるように、現像工程では、ネガ型感光性樹脂層30の非露光部が除去されることで、ネガ型感光性樹脂層30の露光部30aの形状に対応する形状を有する樹脂パターン40が形成される。
導電性パターンの形成工程では、遮光性パターンの上に導電性パターンを形成する。例えば、図1(d)に示されるように、導電性パターンの形成工程では、遮光性パターン20と樹脂パターン40とによって画定される領域に導電性パターン50が形成される。
導電性パターンの形成工程の後、透明基材の上に残存する樹脂パターンは、除去しなくてもよい。樹脂パターンは、永久膜として使用してもよい。例えば、樹脂パターンを必要としない用途に導電性パターンを適用する場合、透明基材の上に残存する樹脂パターンは、除去してもよい。ある実施形態において、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法は、導電性パターンの形成工程の後、樹脂パターンを除去する工程を含むことが好ましい。
本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンは、種々の用途に適用することができる。本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンの用途としては、例えば、タッチセンサー、電磁波シールド、アンテナ、配線基板、及び導電性加熱素子が挙げられる。上記した用途において、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンは、例えば、電気伝導体として機能することができる。また、上記した用途において、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンは、導電性パターンの特性に応じて種々の機能を発現することができる。
本開示に係るタッチセンサーは、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを有する。本開示に係るタッチセンサーにおいて、導電性パターンは、例えば、透明電極、又は額縁配線として利用することができる。本開示に係るタッチセンサーの構成要素は、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを含むことを除き、制限されない。導電性パターン以外の構成要素としては、公知のタッチセンサーに含まれる構成要素を利用することができる。タッチセンサーについては、例えば、特許第6486341号公報、及び特開2016-155978号公報に記載されている。上記した公報は、参照により本明細書に取り込まれる。本開示に係るタッチセンサーの製造方法は、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを用いる方法であれば制限されない。
本開示に係る電磁波シールドは、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを有する。本開示に係る電磁波シールドにおいて、導電性パターンは、例えば、電磁波シールド体として利用することができる。本開示に係る電磁波シールドの構成要素は、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを含むことを除き、制限されない。導電性パターン以外の構成要素としては、公知の電磁波シールドに含まれる構成要素を利用することができる。電磁波シールドについては、例えば、特許第6486382号公報、及び特開2012-163951号公報に記載されている。上記した公報は、参照により本明細書に取り込まれる。本開示に係る電磁波シールドの製造方法は、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを用いる方法であれば制限されない。
本開示に係るアンテナは、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを有するアンテナ。本開示に係るアンテナにおいて、導電性パターンは、例えば、送受信部、又は伝送線路部として利用することができる。本開示に係るアンテナの構成要素は、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを含むことを除き、制限されない。導電性パターン以外の構成要素としては、公知のアンテナに含まれる構成要素を利用することができる。アンテナについては、例えば、特開2016-219999号公報に記載されている。上記した公報は、参照により本明細書に取り込まれる。本開示に係るアンテナの製造方法は、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを用いる方法であれば制限されない。
本開示に係る配線基板は、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを有する。本開示に係る配線基板において、導電性パターンは、例えば、プリント配線板の配線として利用することができる。本開示に係る配線基板の構成要素は、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを含むことを除き、制限されない。導電性パターン以外の構成要素としては、公知の配線基板に含まれる構成要素を利用することができる。配線基板については、例えば、特許第05774686号公報、及び特開2017-204538号公報に記載されている。上記した公報は、参照により本明細書に取り込まれる。本開示に係る配線基板の製造方法は、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを用いる方法であれば制限されない。
本開示に係る導電性加熱素子は、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを有する。本開示に係る導電性加熱素子において、導電性パターンは、例えば、発熱体として利用することができる。本開示に係る導電性加熱素子の構成要素は、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを含むことを除き、制限されない。導電性パターン以外の構成要素としては、公知の導電性加熱素子に含まれる構成要素を利用することができる。導電性加熱素子については、例えば、特開特許第6486382号公報に記載されている。上記した公報は、参照により本明細書に取り込まれる。本開示に係導電性加熱素子の製造方法は、本開示に係る導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを用いる方法であれば制限されない。
本開示の一態様に係る構造体は、透明基材と、上記透明基材の上に遮光性パターンと、上記透明基材の上で上記遮光性パターンの隣に配置され、かつ、上記透明基材に接する樹脂パターンと、を有し、上記遮光性パターンの平均厚さが、2μm以下であり、上記樹脂パターンの平均厚さが、2μm以上を超える。上記態様によれば、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを形成するための材料として有用な構造体が提供される。例えば、上記態様に係る構造体を用いることで、図1(d)に示されるように導電性パターン50を形成することができる。以下、上記態様に係る構造体を「構造体A」という。
本開示に係る構造体Aは、透明基材を有する。透明基材としては、例えば、上記「導電性パターンの製造方法」の項において説明した透明基材が挙げられる。透明基材の好ましい態様は、上記「導電性パターンの製造方法」の項において説明した透明基材の好ましい態様と同様である。
本開示に係る構造体Aは、透明基材の上に遮光性パターンを有する。遮光性パターンの平均厚さは、2μm以下である。遮光性パターンとしては、例えば、上記「導電性パターンの製造方法」の項において説明した遮光性パターンが挙げられる。遮光性パターンの好ましい態様は、上記「導電性パターンの製造方法」の項において説明した遮光性パターンの好ましい態様と同様である。
本開示に係る構造体Aは、透明基材の上で遮光性パターンの隣に配置され、かつ、上記透明基材に接する樹脂パターンを有する。樹脂パターンの平均厚さは、2μmを超える。樹脂パターンとしては、例えば、上記「導電性パターンの製造方法」の項において説明した樹脂パターンが挙げられる。樹脂パターンの好ましい態様は、上記「導電性パターンの製造方法」の項において説明した樹脂パターンの好ましい態様と同様である。
本開示に係る構造体Aの製造方法は、上記構成要素を有する構造体を製造可能な方法であれば制限されない。構造体Aは、例えば、上記「導電性パターンの製造方法」の項において説明した準備工程、露光工程、及び現像工程を含む方法によって製造することができる。
本開示の他の一態様に係る構造体は、透明基材と、上記透明基材の上に導電性パターンと、上記透明基材の上で上記導電性パターンの隣に配置され、かつ、上記透明基材に接する樹脂パターンと、を有し、上記導電性パターンの平均厚さが、2μm以上、かつ、上記樹脂パターンの平均厚さ以下であり、上記樹脂パターンの平均厚さが、2μm以上である。上記態様によれば、形態異常の発生が低減された厚みのある導電性パターンを有する構造体が提供される。以下、上記態様に係る構造体を「構造体B」という。
本開示に係る構造体Bは、透明基材を有する。透明基材としては、例えば、上記「導電性パターンの製造方法」の項において説明した透明基材が挙げられる。透明基材の好ましい態様は、上記「導電性パターンの製造方法」の項において説明した透明基材の好ましい態様と同様である。
本開示に係る構造体Bは、透明基材の上に導電性パターンを有する。導電性パターンの平均厚さは、2μm以上、かつ、上記樹脂パターンの平均厚さ以下である。導電性パターンとしては、例えば、上記「導電性パターンの製造方法」の項において説明した導電性パターンが挙げられる。導電性パターンの好ましい態様は、上記「導電性パターンの製造方法」の項において説明した導電性パターンの好ましい態様と同様である。
本開示に係る構造体Bは、透明基材の上で導電性パターンの隣に配置され、かつ、上記透明基材に接する樹脂パターンを有する。樹脂パターンの平均厚さは、2μm以上である。樹脂パターンとしては、例えば、上記「導電性パターンの製造方法」の項において説明した樹脂パターンが挙げられる。樹脂パターンの好ましい態様は、上記「導電性パターンの製造方法」の項において説明した樹脂パターンの好ましい態様と同様である。
構造体Bの製造方法は、上記構成要素を有する構造体を製造可能な方法であれば制限されない。構造体Aは、例えば、上記「導電性パターンの製造方法」の項において説明した準備工程、露光工程、現像工程、及び導電性パターンの形成工程を含む方法によって製造することができる。
3つ口フラスコにプロピレングリコール1-モノメチルエーテル(75.0g)を入れ、窒素雰囲気下で液温を90℃に昇温した。スチレン(32.0g)、メタクリル酸(28.0g)、メタクリル酸メチル(40.0g)、2,2’-アゾビス(イソブチロニトリル)(0.8g)、及びプロピレングリコール1-モノメチルエーテル(75.0g)を含む溶液を、90℃±2℃に維持した3つ口フラスコ内の液に2時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、90℃±2℃で混合液を2時間撹拌することで、重合体A-1を含む溶液(固形分濃度:40.0質量%)を得た。重合体A-1の重量平均分子量は、40,000であった。
下記に従ってモノマーの使用量を変更したこと以外は、重合体A-1と同様の方法で重合体A-2を含む溶液(固形分濃度:40.0質量%)を得た。重合体A-2の重量平均分子量は、60,000であった。
(1)スチレン:52.0g
(2)メタクリル酸:29.0g
(3)メタクリル酸メチル:19.0g
重合体A-1の合成で使用したモノマー(スチレン、メタクリル酸、及びメタクリル酸メチル)を下記のモノマーに変更したこと以外は、重合体A-1と同様の方法で重合体A-3を含む溶液(固形分濃度:40.0質量%)を得た。重合体A-3の重量平均分子量は、40,000であった。
(1)メタクリル酸ベンジル(81.0g)
(2)メタクリル酸(19.0g)
内容量が500mLである耐圧反応容器に、ビスフェノールA(22.83g、0.1mol)、溶剤としてトルエン(30g)、及び触媒としてトリエチルアミン(0.3g)を加えた。耐圧反応容器内を窒素ガスで置換した後、窒素ガス圧を0.2kg/cm2に調節して、混合物を撹拌しながら80℃に昇温した。エチレンオキサイド(132.15g、3.0mol)、プロピレンオキサイド(23.24g、0.4mol)を約2kg/cm2の圧力に保つように遂次導入しながら150℃まで昇温した。混合物を150℃で1時間保持した後、冷却した。混合物をシュウ酸で中和し、次いで、混合物にイオン交換水(50g)を加えて撹拌した後、混合物を静置することで分離した有機層を抽出した。得られた有機層を、イオン交換水(50g)を用いて3回洗浄した後、50℃で、30Torrまで減圧して溶剤を除去することで、2価アルコール(105.1g)を得た。内容量が1Lである3つ口フラスコに、2価アルコール(100.0g、0.044mol)、メタクリル酸(11.5g)、70質量%メタンスルホン酸水溶液(0.9g)、ハイドロキノン(0.2g)、及びトルエン(200mL)を加え、次いで、トルエン還流下で8時間エステル化を行なった。反応中に生成した水は、ディーンシュタークトラップにより除去した。反応終了後、混合物の温度を室温まで冷却し、得られた有機層を、5%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(50g)を用いて1回、次いで、イオン交換水(50g)を用いて3回洗浄した。有機層にヒドロキノンモノメチルエーテル(0.09g)を加え、50℃で、30Torrまで減圧して溶剤を除去することで、ビスフェノールAの両端にそれぞれ平均15モルのエチレンオキサイドと平均2モルのプロピレンオキサイドとが付加したポリエチレングリコールのジメタクリレート(90.0g)を得た。
表1の記載に従って選択した成分を混合した後、メチルエチルケトンを加えることによって、ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物(固形分濃度:25質量%)を調製した。
[感光性転写材料の作製]
仮支持体としてポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム(東レ株式会社、ルミラー16KS40、厚さ:16μm:算術平均粗さRa:0.02μm)を用意した。仮支持体の表面に、スリット状ノズルを用いて塗布幅が1.0mであり、かつ、乾燥後の厚さが表2に記載された値となるようにネガ型感光性樹脂組成物を塗布した。ネガ型感光性樹脂組成物の種類は、表2の記載に従って選択した。形成されたネガ型感光性樹脂組成物の塗膜を90℃で100秒間かけて乾燥することで、ネガ型感光性樹脂層を形成した。形成されたネガ型感光性樹脂層の表面に、カバーフィルムとしてポリエチレンフィルム(タマポリ株式会社、GF-818、厚さ:19μm)を圧着することで、感光性転写材料を作製した。得られた感光性転写材料を巻き取ることで、ロール形態の感光性転写材料を作製した。
厚さが100μmのポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルムの上に厚さが200nmの銅層をスパッタリングによって形成することで、銅層付きPETフィルムを作製した。感光性転写材料からカバーフィルムを剥離した後、銅層付きPETフィルムに感光性転写材料を貼り合わせた。貼り合わせ工程は、ロール温度を100℃、線圧を1.0MPa、線速度を1.0m/分とする条件で行った。次いで、フォトマスクを介して高圧水銀灯露光機(大日本科研社製MAP-1200L、主波長:365nm)を用いて光を照射して、ネガ型感光性樹脂層を露光した。仮支持体を剥離した後、ネガ型感光性樹脂層に対して、液温が25℃の炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を用いて30秒間のシャワー現像をすることによって樹脂パターン(ライン/スペース=5.5μm/4.5μm)を形成した。エッチング液(関東化学株式会社製Cu-02)を用いて、樹脂パターンで覆われていない銅層をエッチングした。剥離液(10質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液)を用いて、残存する樹脂パターンを除去した。以上の手順によって、銅パターン(ライン/スペース=5μm/5μm)付きPETフィルムを作製した。銅パターンは、遮光性パターンとして機能する。銅パターンの平均厚さを表2に示す。
感光性転写材料からカバーフィルムを剥離した後、銅パターン付きPETフィルムと感光性転写材料1とを貼り合わせた。貼り合わせ工程は、ロール温度を100℃、線圧を1.0MPa、線速度を1.0m/分とする条件で行った。得られた積層体は、PETフィルム、銅パターン(遮光性パターン)、ネガ型感光性樹脂層、及び仮支持体をこの順で有する。PETフィルムの銅パターン(遮光性パターン)に対向する面とは反対側の面に対して高圧水銀灯露光機(大日本科研社製MAP-1200L、主波長:365nm)を用いて光を照射した。露光量を表2に示す。仮支持体を剥離した後、感光性樹脂層に対して液温が25℃の炭酸ナトリウム水溶液を用いて30秒間のシャワー現像をすることによって、樹脂パターンを形成した。銅パターン(遮光性パターン)のスペース部(すなわち、溝)は、樹脂パターンによって埋められた。樹脂パターンの平均厚さを表2に示す。樹脂パターンによって覆われていない銅パターン(遮光性パターン)の上に、電気銅めっきにより銅を析出させた。電気銅めっきにおける電流密度は、1.8ASDであった。電気銅めっきにおける処理時間は、6分間であった。電気銅めっき後のPETフィルムを130℃で30分間加熱した。以上の手順によって、銅パターン(ライン/スペース=5μm/5μm)を有する構造体を作製した。電気銅めっきにより析出した銅パターン(導電性パターン)の平均厚さを表2に示す。
感光性転写材料の種類、遮光性パターン(銅パターン)の平均厚さ、及び電気銅めっきによって析出させた導電性パターン(銅パターン)の平均厚さを表2の記載に従って適宜変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の手順によって、銅パターンを有する構造体を作製した。電気銅めっきによって析出させる銅の平均厚さは、処理時間を延ばすことで大きくすることができる。
「導電性パターン(銅パターン)の形成」の項で説明した工程において、光の照射方法を変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の手順によって、銅パターンを有する構造体の作製を試みた。具体的に、PETフィルム、銅パターン(遮光性パターン)、ネガ型感光性樹脂層、及び仮支持体をこの順で有する積層体において、仮支持体のネガ型感光性樹脂層が配置された面とは反対側の面にフォトマスクを接触させた後、フォトマスクを介してネガ型感光性樹脂層に光を照射した。しかしながら、光を照射する工程において、PETフィルムの収縮に起因して生じたと考えられる銅パターン(遮光性パターン)の位置ずれが観察されたため、フォトマスクの開口部の位置と銅パターン(遮光性パターン)のスペース部との位置合わせが困難であった。この結果、銅パターン(遮光性パターン)のスペース部に樹脂パターンを形成することができなかった。
[導電性パターンの形成性]
光学顕微鏡を用いて、導電性パターンを有する構造体の任意の100視野を観察した。各視野の範囲は、200μm×200μmとした。導電性パターンにおいて異常部が観察された視野の数に基づき、以下の基準に従って、導電性パターンの形成性を評価した。異常部とは、導電性パターンにおいて割れ、剥がれ、欠け等の形態異常が観察された部分をいう。評価結果を表2に示す。
A:異常部が観察された視野の数は20未満である。
B:異常部が観察された視野の数は20以上である。
各実施例で作製した銅パターン付きPETフィルムと各実施例で使用した感光性転写材料とを、次の条件に従って貼り合わせた。具体的に、ロール温度を100℃、線圧を1.0MPaとする条件で、線速度を1.0m/分から5.0m/分へ変えながら銅パターン付きPETフィルムと感光性転写材料とを貼り合わせた。得られた積層体の段差(すなわち、遮光性パターン)に囲まれた領域に巻き込まれた気泡の数を、光学顕微鏡を用いて観察した。以下の基準に従って、貼り合わせ工程における気泡の混入の程度を評価した。なお、以下の基準は、貼り合わせ工程の生産性を表す指標の1つである。
A:1.0m/分の線速度、及び5.0m/分の線速度の何れの条件でも気泡がみられなかった。
B:1.0m/分の線速度では気泡がみられなかったが、5.0m/分の線速度では気泡が混入した。
10a:被露光面
20、21:遮光性パターン
30:ネガ型感光性樹脂層
30a:露光部
40、41、42:樹脂パターン
50、51:導電性パターン
100:積層体
200、210:構造体
Claims (28)
- 透明基材と、前記透明基材の上に遮光性パターンと、前記透明基材及び前記遮光性パターンの上に配置され、かつ、前記透明基材に接するネガ型感光性樹脂層と、を有する積層体を準備する工程と、
前記透明基材の前記遮光性パターンに対向する面とは反対側の面に対して光を照射する工程と、
前記ネガ型感光性樹脂層を現像することで、前記透明基材と前記遮光性パターンとによって画定される領域に樹脂パターンを形成する工程と、
前記遮光性パターンの上に導電性パターンを形成する工程と、
を含む導電性パターンの製造方法。 - 前記導電性パターンを形成する工程において、めっきによって前記導電性パターンを形成する請求項1に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記めっきが、電気めっきである請求項2に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記めっきが、電気銅めっきである請求項2に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記遮光性パターンが、導電性を有する請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記遮光性パターンの平均厚さが、2μm以下である請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記積層体を準備する工程が、前記透明基材と、前記透明基材の上に遮光性パターンと、を有する積層前駆体を準備する工程と、前記透明基材及び前記遮光性パターンの上に前記ネガ型感光性樹脂層を形成する工程と、を含む請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記積層体を準備する工程が、前記透明基材を準備する工程と、前記透明基材の上に遮光性パターンを形成する工程と、前記透明基材及び前記遮光性パターンの上にネガ型感光性樹脂層を形成する工程と、を含む請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記遮光性パターンを形成する工程が、前記透明基材の上に遮光性層を形成する工程と、前記遮光性層の上に感光性樹脂層を形成する工程と、前記感光性樹脂層の露光及び現像によってレジストパターンを形成する工程と、前記レジストパターンによって覆われていない前記遮光性層を除去する工程と、を含む請求項8に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記ネガ型感光性樹脂層を形成する工程において、感光性転写材料を用いて前記ネガ型感光性樹脂層を形成する請求項7~請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記導電性パターンを形成する工程の後、前記樹脂パターンを除去する工程を含む請求項1~請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記樹脂パターンの平均厚さが、前記遮光性パターンの平均厚さより大きい請求項1~請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記樹脂パターンの平均厚さが、3μm以上である請求項1~請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記樹脂パターンの平均厚さが、5μm以上である請求項1~請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記樹脂パターンの平均厚さが、10μm以上である請求項1~請求項14のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記遮光性パターンの平均幅が、5μm以下である請求項1~請求項15のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記樹脂パターンの平均幅が、5μm以下である請求項1~請求項16のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記光が、365nmの波長を含む請求項1~請求項17のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 前記ネガ型感光性樹脂層が、アルカリ可溶性高分子と、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物と、光重合開始剤と、を含む請求項1~請求項18のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法。
- 請求項1~請求項19のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを有するタッチセンサー。
- 請求項1~請求項19のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを有する電磁波シールド。
- 請求項1~請求項19のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを有するアンテナ。
- 請求項1~請求項19のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを有する配線基板。
- 請求項1~請求項19のいずれか1項に記載の導電性パターンの製造方法によって得られる導電性パターンを有する導電性加熱素子。
- 透明基材と、
前記透明基材の上に遮光性パターンと、
前記透明基材の上で前記遮光性パターンの隣に配置され、かつ、前記透明基材に接する樹脂パターンと、を有し、
前記遮光性パターンの平均厚さが、2μm以下であり、
前記樹脂パターンの平均厚さが、2μmを超える
構造体。 - 前記遮光性パターンの平均幅が、5μm以下であり、かつ、前記樹脂パターンの平均幅が、5μm以下である請求項25に記載の構造体。
- 透明基材と、
前記透明基材の上に導電性パターンと、
前記透明基材の上で前記導電性パターンの隣に配置され、かつ、前記透明基材に接する樹脂パターンと、を有し、
前記導電性パターンの平均厚さが、2μm以上、かつ、前記樹脂パターンの平均厚さ以下であり、
前記樹脂パターンの平均厚さが、2μm以上である
構造体。 - 前記導電性パターンの平均幅が、5μm以下であり、かつ、前記樹脂パターンの平均幅が、5μm以下である請求項27に記載の構造体。
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KR20220133933A (ko) | 2022-10-05 |
JPWO2021171718A1 (ja) | 2021-09-02 |
TW202133701A (zh) | 2021-09-01 |
JP7499840B2 (ja) | 2024-06-14 |
CN115210645A (zh) | 2022-10-18 |
US20230007784A1 (en) | 2023-01-05 |
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