WO2021106572A1 - 圧電性材料基板と支持基板との接合体 - Google Patents
圧電性材料基板と支持基板との接合体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021106572A1 WO2021106572A1 PCT/JP2020/042099 JP2020042099W WO2021106572A1 WO 2021106572 A1 WO2021106572 A1 WO 2021106572A1 JP 2020042099 W JP2020042099 W JP 2020042099W WO 2021106572 A1 WO2021106572 A1 WO 2021106572A1
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- piezoelectric material
- substrate
- material substrate
- support substrate
- joint surface
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000000560 X-ray reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(O)=O)=NN1 WSMQKESQZFQMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010897 surface acoustic wave method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical group [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000678 plasma activation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 mulite Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000126211 Hericium coralloides Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000427 thin-film deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/02535—Details of surface acoustic wave devices
- H03H9/02543—Characteristics of substrate, e.g. cutting angles
- H03H9/02574—Characteristics of substrate, e.g. cutting angles of combined substrates, multilayered substrates, piezoelectrical layers on not-piezoelectrical substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/02535—Details of surface acoustic wave devices
- H03H9/02543—Characteristics of substrate, e.g. cutting angles
- H03H9/02559—Characteristics of substrate, e.g. cutting angles of lithium niobate or lithium-tantalate substrates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B15/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
- G01B15/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H3/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators
- H03H3/007—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks
- H03H3/08—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of impedance networks, resonating circuits, resonators for the manufacture of electromechanical resonators or networks for the manufacture of resonators or networks using surface acoustic waves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/02535—Details of surface acoustic wave devices
- H03H9/02818—Means for compensation or elimination of undesirable effects
- H03H9/02834—Means for compensation or elimination of undesirable effects of temperature influence
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/25—Constructional features of resonators using surface acoustic waves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/07—Forming of piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts or bodies on an electrical element or another base
- H10N30/072—Forming of piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts or bodies on an electrical element or another base by laminating or bonding of piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/07—Forming of piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts or bodies on an electrical element or another base
- H10N30/072—Forming of piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts or bodies on an electrical element or another base by laminating or bonding of piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies
- H10N30/073—Forming of piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts or bodies on an electrical element or another base by laminating or bonding of piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies by fusion of metals or by adhesives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bonded body of a piezoelectric material substrate and a support substrate and an elastic wave element.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 It is known that in a surface elastic wave filter in which lithium tantalate and sapphire are bonded via a silicon oxide layer, bulk waves are generated at the junction interface and unnecessary responses appear in the passing region and the high frequency region. For the purpose of preventing this, a method has been proposed in which a rough surface is introduced at the bonding interface to scatter bulk waves and suppress unnecessary responses (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Patent Document 1 when the joint surface is roughened, the geometrical specifications of the rough surface are the average length RSm of the elements in the cross-sectional curve of the uneven structure constituting the rough surface and the wavelength ⁇ of the surface elastic wave.
- the ratio is 0.2 or more and 7.0 or less, and the arithmetic mean roughness Ra in the cross-sectional curve of the uneven structure is 100 nm or more.
- Patent Document 2 defines the height difference of the rough surface.
- spurious waves have been suppressed by measuring the uneven shape (for example, RSm or Ra) of the joint surface of the support substrate or the piezoelectric material substrate and controlling these slightly larger.
- the spurious wave may not be suppressed, and it has been found that the spurious wave cannot be suppressed only by controlling the uneven shape of the surface of the joint surface.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a new structure that suppresses spurious waves that cannot be suppressed by controlling the surface shape of the joint surface of the piezoelectric material substrate or the support substrate of the bonded body.
- the present invention Support board, A piezoelectric material substrate made of a material selected from the group consisting of lithium niobate, lithium tantalate, and lithium niobate-lithium tantalate, and the piezoelectric material substrate obtained by joining the support substrate and the piezoelectric material substrate.
- a joint body having a joint layer in contact with the main surface of the When at least one of the joint surface of the support substrate and the joint surface of the piezoelectric material substrate is measured by the X-ray reflectivity method and the signal intensity at the time of total reflection is 1, the reflected light from the joint surface is taken.
- the relative strength I of the above is 1.0 ⁇ 10 -4 or more and 1.0 ⁇ 10 -1 or less, and is approximated by the following equation (1).
- ⁇ is the angle of incidence of X-rays on the joint surface.
- a is 1.0 ⁇ 10 -5 or more and 2.0 ⁇ 10 -3 or less.
- b is 5.0 or more and 9.0 or less.
- the present inventor made a mirror surface of the joint surface of the support substrate and the piezoelectric material substrate, roughened the surface by machining, and observed and analyzed the microstructure in detail. As a result, it was found that the joint surface after machining had fine defects and film deterioration that could not be inferred from the surface uneven shape. From these measurement results, it is necessary to control the spurious wave suppression effect not by the surface uneven shape but by the effective crystallographic and geometrical properties in the surface region of the piezoelectric material substrate and the surface region of the bonding layer. It has become clear.
- the X-ray reflectivity method In the X-ray reflectivity method, X-rays are incident on the sample surface at an extremely shallow angle, and the X-ray intensity profile of the reflected light reflected in the direction of the incident angle vs. the mirror surface is measured. This is a method of determining the film thickness and density of a sample by comparing the profile obtained by this measurement with the simulation result and optimizing the simulation parameters. That is, the X-ray reflectivity method is originally a method of measuring the film thickness and density of a thin film by utilizing the X-ray reflection from the thin film. This means that the reflected light reflected from the thin film carries not only the unevenness of the surface of the thin film but also the information (film thickness and density) in the depth direction of the thin film.
- the present inventor can change the quality and density of regions near the surface of these joint surfaces. We obtained information and examined the relationship between this and the suppression effect of spurious waves.
- the joint surface of the piezoelectric material substrate or the support substrate is roughened.
- information on the crystal state in the surface region of the joint surface is acquired by the X-ray reflectivity method. Specifically, X-rays are incident on the joint surface at a very low angle, and the reflected light is measured.
- the incident angle of the X-ray is set to ⁇ , and the relative intensity I of the reflected light when ⁇ is gradually changed from 0 ° is recorded.
- the relative intensity I is the relative intensity when the signal intensity at the time of total reflection is 1. It is known that this relative intensity I attenuates in proportion to 1 ⁇ 10 -4 when the reflecting surface is ideally flat.
- spurious waves are generated when the joint surface is a flat mirror surface, and spurious waves are also suppressed when the relative intensity has a proportional coefficient close to 1 ⁇ 10 -4 even when the surface is roughened. It turned out that it could't be done.
- the present inventor measured the joint surfaces subjected to various roughening treatments by the X-ray reflectivity method to measure the degree of suppression of spurious waves. As a result, it was found that the relative intensity I of the reflected light from the joint surface can be approximated by Eq. (1) within the range of 1.0 ⁇ 10 -4 or more and 1.0 ⁇ 10 -1 or less. ..
- the relative intensity I stays at about 1 when the incident angle ⁇ is from 0.0 to, for example, about 0.5 °, then sharply decreases, and then surrounded by a quadrangle. It was found that the following approximate expression holds in the region (relative intensity I is 1.0 ⁇ 10 -4 or more and 1.0 ⁇ 10 -1 or less). When the relative strength becomes lower than this, it becomes almost linear when viewed on a logarithmic scale.
- a 1.0 ⁇ 10 -5 to 2.0 ⁇ 10 -3.
- (A) shows a state in which the joint surface 1a of the support substrate 1 is processed,
- (b) shows a state in which the joint layer 2 is provided on the joint surface 1a of the support substrate 1, and
- (c) shows a state in which the joint layer 2 is provided.
- the state in which the bonding surface of the layer 2 is irradiated with plasma B and activated is shown.
- (A) shows the piezoelectric material substrate 3, and (b) shows the state in which the joint surface 3b of the piezoelectric material substrate 3 is activated.
- (A) shows a joint body 5 of the support substrate 1 and the piezoelectric material substrate 3, (b) shows a state in which the piezoelectric material substrate 3A of the joint body 5A is thinned by processing, and (c) is a state where it is thinned by processing.
- the elastic wave element 6 is shown.
- (A) shows the piezoelectric material substrate 3, and (b) shows the state in which the joint surface 12a of the intermediate layer 12 on the piezoelectric material substrate 3 is activated.
- (A) shows a joint body 15 of the support substrate 1 and the piezoelectric material substrate 3, (b) shows a state in which the piezoelectric material substrate 3A of the joint body 15A is thinned by processing, and (c) is a state where it is thinned by processing.
- the elastic wave element 16 is shown. It is a chart which shows the reflection characteristic by the surface acoustic wave element of the Example of this invention. It is a chart which shows the reflection characteristic by the surface acoustic wave element of the comparative example.
- a support substrate 1 having a pair of main surfaces 1a and 1b is prepared.
- the main surface (joint surface) 1a is roughened by processing A.
- the bonding layer 2 is formed on the main surface 1a of the support substrate 1.
- the surface 2a of the bonding layer 2 is CMP polished for the purpose of obtaining a mirror surface.
- the surface 2a of the bonding layer 2 is irradiated with plasma as shown by an arrow B to obtain a surface-activated bonding surface 2b.
- the piezoelectric material substrate 3 having the main surface 3a is prepared.
- the main surface of the piezoelectric material substrate 3 is surface-activated by irradiating the main surface with plasma as shown by an arrow C to form an activated joint surface 3b.
- electrodes may be provided on the piezoelectric material substrate 3.
- the main surface 3c of the piezoelectric material substrate 3 is processed to thin the substrate 3A to form a thinned piezoelectric material substrate 3A, and the bonded body 5A is formed.
- Reference numeral 9 is a machined surface.
- a predetermined electrode 10 can be formed on the processed surface 9 of the piezoelectric material substrate 3A of the bonded body 5A to obtain an elastic wave element 6.
- an intermediate layer can be provided between the bonding layer 2 and the piezoelectric material substrate 3. 5 and 6 relate to this embodiment.
- a support substrate 1 having a pair of main surfaces 1a and 1b is prepared.
- the main surface (joint surface) 1a is roughened by processing A.
- the bonding layer 2 is formed on the main surface 1a of the support substrate 1.
- the surface of the bonding layer 2 is CMP polished for the purpose of obtaining a mirror surface.
- the bonding surface of the bonding layer 2 is irradiated with plasma as shown by an arrow B to obtain a surface-activated bonding surface 2b.
- the piezoelectric material substrate 3 having the main surface 3a is prepared.
- an intermediate layer 12 is formed on the main surface (joining surface) 3a of the piezoelectric material substrate 3, and the surface of the intermediate layer 12 is irradiated with plasma as shown by an arrow C. By doing so, the surface is activated to form an activated joint surface 12a.
- the activated bonding surface 2b of the bonding layer 2 on the support substrate and the activated bonding surface 12a of the intermediate layer 12 on the piezoelectric material substrate 3 are brought into contact with each other and directly bonded to each other.
- the bonded body 15 shown in (a) is obtained.
- electrodes may be provided on the piezoelectric material substrate 3.
- the main surface 3c of the piezoelectric material substrate 3 is processed to thin the substrate 3 to form a thinned piezoelectric material substrate 3A, and the bonded body 15A is formed.
- Reference numeral 9 is a machined surface.
- a predetermined electrode 10 can be formed on the processed surface 9 of the piezoelectric material substrate 3A of the bonded body 15A to obtain an elastic wave element 16.
- the intermediate layer 12 may be subsequently formed on the bonding layer 2.
- CMP processing is performed on the surface of the intermediate layer 12 to obtain a joint surface (mirror surface).
- the obtained joint surface is irradiated with plasma to activate it.
- the surface of the support substrate is plasma-activated and then directly bonded to the bonding surface of the intermediate layer.
- b is 5.0 or more. Further, b is 9.0 or less, but 7.0 or less is more preferable. Further, in the present invention, a is 1.0 ⁇ 10 -5 or more, but it is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -4 or more. Further, a is 2.0 ⁇ 10 -3 or less, but 1.0 ⁇ 10 -3 or less is more preferable.
- the surface roughening method include machining methods such as grinding using a grinding wheel, blasting using fine media such as alumina and silicon nitride, and ion beam processing in which ions collide at high speed.
- the material of the support substrate 1 is not particularly limited, but is preferably made of a material selected from the group consisting of silicon, quartz, sialon, mullite, sapphire, and translucent alumina. Thereby, the temperature characteristics of the frequencies of the elastic wave elements 6 and 16 can be further improved.
- the method of forming the bonding layer and the intermediate layer is not limited, but sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and thin film deposition can be exemplified.
- the material of the bonding layer 2 is not particularly limited as long as the surface activation treatment is possible, but a metal oxide film is preferable, and silicon oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, alumina, tantalum pentoxide, mulite, niobium pentoxide, and titanium oxide are preferable. A material selected from the group consisting of is particularly preferable. Further, as the surface activation treatment method, an appropriate one can be selected according to the material of the bonding layer to be used. Examples of such a surface activation method include plasma activation and FAB (Ar atom beam).
- the material of the intermediate layer 12 is not particularly limited as long as the surface activation treatment is possible, but a metal oxide film is preferable, and silicon oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, alumina, tantalum pentoxide, mulite, niobium pentoxide, and titanium oxide are preferable.
- a material selected from the group consisting of is particularly preferable. However, it is preferable to select a material different from that of the bonding layer as the material of the intermediate layer.
- the thickness of the bonding layer 2 is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the bonding layer 2 is preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, preferably 2 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the piezoelectric material substrate 3 used in the present invention is a lithium tantalate (LT) single crystal, a lithium niobate (LN) single crystal, or a lithium niobate-lithium tantalate solid solution. Since these have a high propagation velocity of surface acoustic waves and a large electromechanical coupling coefficient, they are suitable as elastic surface wave devices for high frequencies and wideband frequencies.
- the normal direction of the main surface 3a of the piezoelectric material substrate 3 is not particularly limited, but for example, when the piezoelectric material substrate 3 is made of LT, Y is centered on the X axis which is the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave. It is preferable to use the one rotated by 32 to 55 ° from the axis to the Z axis and the Euler angle display (180 °, 58 to 35 °, 180 °) because the propagation loss is small.
- the piezoelectric material substrate 1 is made of LN
- 37.8 °, 0 °) is preferable because the piezoelectric coupling coefficient is large, or (a) 40 to 65 from the Y axis to the Z axis centered on the X axis, which is the propagation direction of elastic surface waves.
- the size of the piezoelectric material substrate 3 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 100 to 200 mm in diameter and 0.15 to 1 ⁇ m in thickness.
- the bonding surface of the bonding layer 2 on the support substrate 1, the bonding surface of the piezoelectric material substrate 3, and the bonding surface of the intermediate layer 12 on the piezoelectric material substrate 3 are irradiated with plasma at 150 ° C. or lower to activate the bonding surface.
- plasma it is preferable to irradiate with nitrogen plasma, but it is possible to obtain the conjugate of the present invention even when irradiated with oxygen plasma.
- the pressure at the time of surface activation is preferably 100 Pa or less, more preferably 80 Pa or less.
- the atmosphere may be nitrogen only or oxygen only, but may be a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen.
- the temperature during plasma irradiation shall be 150 ° C or less. As a result, a bonded body having high bonding strength and no deterioration in crystallinity can be obtained. From this point of view, the temperature at the time of plasma irradiation is set to 150 ° C. or lower, but more preferably 100 ° C. or lower.
- the energy at the time of plasma irradiation is preferably 30 to 150 W.
- the product of the energy at the time of plasma irradiation and the irradiation time is preferably 0.12 to 1.0 Wh.
- the joint surface of the plasma-treated piezoelectric material substrate and the joint surface of the joint layer are brought into contact with each other at room temperature. At this time, the treatment may be performed in vacuum, but more preferably, the treatment is carried out in the atmosphere.
- argon atom beam When activating the surface with an argon atom beam, it is preferable to generate and irradiate the argon atom beam using an apparatus as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-086400. That is, a saddle field type high-speed atomic beam source is used as the beam source. Then, an inert gas is introduced into the chamber, and a high voltage is applied to the electrodes from a DC power source. As a result, the saddle field type electric field generated between the electrode (positive electrode) and the housing (negative electrode) causes the electrons e to move, and a beam of argon atoms and ions is generated.
- the ion beam is neutralized by the grid, so that the beam of argon atoms is emitted from the fast atomic beam source.
- the voltage at the time of activation by beam irradiation is preferably 0.5 to 2.0 kV, and the current is preferably 50 to 200 mA.
- the joint surface of the joint layer on the support substrate, the joint surface of the piezoelectric material substrate, and the joint surface of the intermediate layer on the piezoelectric material substrate are flattened before the surface activation treatment.
- Methods for flattening each joint surface include lap polishing and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP).
- the flat surface preferably has Ra ⁇ 1 nm, and more preferably 0.3 nm or less.
- the joint surface of the joint layer on the support substrate and the joint surface of the piezoelectric material substrate 3 or the joint surface of the intermediate layer are brought into contact with each other to be joined. After that, it is preferable to improve the bonding strength by performing an annealing treatment.
- the temperature during the annealing treatment is preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower.
- the bonded bodies 5, 5A, 15 and 15A of the present invention can be suitably used for elastic wave elements 6 and 16. That is, it is an elastic wave element including the bonded body of the present invention and electrodes provided on the piezoelectric material substrate.
- elastic wave elements 6 and 16 elastic surface wave devices, ram wave elements, thin film resonators (FBARs) and the like are known.
- a surface acoustic wave device has an IDT (Interdigital Transducer) electrode (also called a comb-shaped electrode or a surface acoustic wave) on the input side that excites a surface acoustic wave and an output side that receives a surface acoustic wave on the surface of a piezoelectric material substrate.
- IDT Interdigital Transducer
- the IDT electrode of the above is provided.
- an electric field is generated between the electrodes, and surface acoustic waves are excited and propagate on the piezoelectric material substrate. Then, the propagated surface acoustic wave can be taken out as an electric signal from the IDT electrode on the output side provided in the propagation direction.
- the material constituting the electrode 10 on the piezoelectric material substrate 3A is preferably aluminum, an aluminum alloy, copper, or gold, and more preferably aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the aluminum alloy it is preferable to use a mixture of Al and 0.3 to 5% by weight of Cu.
- Ti, Mg, Ni, Mo, and Ta may be used instead of Cu.
- Example 1 The elastic wave element 6 shown in FIG. 4C was produced according to the method described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.
- one main surface 3c of a 42Y-cut X-propagation LiTaO 3 substrate (piezoelectric material substrate) 3 having a thickness of 250 ⁇ m was mirror-polished, and the other main surface 3a was wrapped with GC # 1000. Further, a high resistance (> 2 k ⁇ ⁇ cm) Si (100) substrate (support substrate) 1 having a thickness of 0.23 mm was prepared. The substrate size is 150 mm for each.
- the joint surface of the support substrate was processed into a rough surface.
- grinding was performed using a grinding wheel with a count of # 6000.
- the processing amount was approximately 3 ⁇ m.
- a silicon oxide film 2 of 0.7 ⁇ m was formed on the joint surface 1a of the support substrate 1, and the surface was polished by about 0.2 um by CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) to flatten it.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- the bonding surface 3b of the piezoelectric material substrate 3 and the bonding surface of the silicon oxide film 2 were each activated by N2 plasma, and then bonded in the atmosphere. Specifically, when the surface roughness of the bonded layer after polishing was measured with an AFM (atomic force microscope), it was confirmed that Ra was 0.4 nm and a mirror surface sufficient for bonding was obtained.
- the joint surface 3b of the piezoelectric material substrate 3 and the joint surface 2b of the joint layer 2 were cleaned and surface activated, respectively. Specifically, ultrasonic cleaning using pure water was carried out, and the surface of the substrate was dried by spin drying. Next, the washed support substrate was introduced into the plasma activation chamber, and the bonding surface of the bonding layer was activated at 30 ° C. with nitrogen gas plasma. Further, the piezoelectric material substrate 3 was similarly introduced into the plasma activation chamber, and the surface was activated by nitrogen gas plasma at 30 ° C. The surface activation time was 40 seconds and the energy was 100 W. The same ultrasonic cleaning and spin drying as described above were performed again for the purpose of removing the particles adhering to the surface during surface activation.
- the alignment of each substrate was performed, and the activated joint surfaces of both substrates were brought into contact with each other at room temperature.
- the piezoelectric material substrate 3 was brought into contact with the substrate 3 side up. As a result, it was observed that the adhesion between the substrates spreads (so-called bonding wave), and it was confirmed that the preliminary bonding was performed well. Then, for the purpose of increasing the bonding strength, the bonded product was placed in an oven having a nitrogen atmosphere and kept at 130 ° C. for 40 hours.
- the surface 3c of the piezoelectric material substrate 3 of the joined body after heating was subjected to grinding, lapping, and CMP processing so that the thickness of the piezoelectric material substrate 3A was 7 ⁇ m.
- a comb tooth electrode made of metallic aluminum was formed on the piezoelectric material substrate of the bonded body, and a resonator of a surface acoustic wave element was produced.
- the specifications are shown below. IDT cycle 6 ⁇ m IDT opening length 300um 80 IDTs 40 reflectors
- Example 5 A resonator of a surface acoustic wave element was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the reflection characteristics of the resonator were measured with a network analyzer.
- the support substrate was put into an ion processing machine, and Ar ions accelerated at 1.0 keV were made to collide with each other to process the joint surface.
- the magnitude of the spurious wave was 3.5 dB.
- Example 1 A resonator of a surface acoustic wave element was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the reflection characteristics of the resonator were measured with a network analyzer. However, since the joint surface of the support substrate was a mirror surface, Ra was 0.02 nm, and the approximation by the above equation (1) could not be performed. As for the reflection characteristics, spurious was observed as shown in FIG. The magnitude of the spurious wave was 12 dB.
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Abstract
Description
支持基板、
ニオブ酸リチウム、タンタル酸リチウムおよびニオブ酸リチウム-タンタル酸リチウムからなる群より選ばれた材質からなる圧電性材料基板、および
前記支持基板と前記圧電性材料基板とを接合し、前記圧電性材料基板の主面に接している接合層
を備えている接合体であって、
前記支持基板の接合面と前記圧電性材料基板の接合面との少なくとも一方をX線反射率法によって測定し、この際全反射時の信号強度を1としたとき、前記接合面からの反射光の相対強度Iが1.0×10-4以上、1.0×10-1以下の範囲内で下記式(1)によって近似されることを特徴とする。
(式(1)において、
θは前記接合面に対するX線の入射角であり、
aは1.0×10-5以上、2.0×10-3以下であり、
bは5.0以上、9.0以下である。)
推し量れないような微細な欠陥や膜変質が生じていることがわかった。こうした測定結果から、スプリアス波の抑制効果は、表面凹凸形状ではなく、圧電性材料基板の表面領域、接合層の表面領域における実効的な結晶学的特性および幾何学的特性によって制御するべきことが判明してきた。
なお、指数bが9.0を超えると、スプリアス波がかえって増加するので、bを9.0以下とする必要がある。
まず、図2(a)に示すように、一対の主面1a、1bを有する支持基板1を準備する。次いで、主面(接合面)1aに加工Aを施すことによって、粗面化する。次いで、図2(b)に示すように、支持基板1の主面1a上に接合層2を成膜する。この接合層2の表面2aを、鏡面を得る目的でCMP研磨する。次いで、図2(c)に示すように、接合層2の表面2aに対して矢印Bのようにプラズマを照射し、表面活性化された接合面2bを得る。
本例では、図2(a)に示すように、一対の主面1a、1bを有する支持基板1を準備する。次いで、主面(接合面)1aに加工Aを施すことによって、粗面化する。次いで、図2(b)に示すように、支持基板1の主面1a上に接合層2を成膜する。この接合層2の表面を、鏡面を得る目的でCMP研磨する。次いで、図2(c)に示すように、接合層2の接合面に対して矢印Bのようにプラズマを照射し、表面活性化された接合面2bを得る。
-0.713ln(a)+0.5≦b≦-0.713ln(a)+0.7 ・・・(2)
更に好適な実施形態においては、aとbとが以下の関係式(3)を満足する。
b=-0.713ln(a)+0.6 ・・・(3)
測定装置: リガク製 SmartLab
測定条件
X線発生部: 対陰極 Cu
: 出力 45kV 200mA
検出部: 半導体検出器
入射光学系: Ge(111) 非対称ビーム圧縮結晶
ソーラースリット: 入射側 -
: 受光側 5.0゜
スリット: 入射側 IS=0.05 (mm)
: 長手制限 5 (mm)
: 受光側 RS1=0.1 RS2=0.1 (mm)
走査条件: 走査軸 2θ/ω
走査モード: 連続走査
走査速度: 0.2゜/min
ステップ幅: 0.002゜
解析範囲: 0.3~3.0゜
表面の粗化方法としては研削砥石を用いた研削加工、アルミナ、窒化珪素などの微少メディアを用いるブラスト加工といった機械加工法や、高速でイオンを衝突させるイオンビーム加工などが挙げられる。
支持基板1の材質は特に限定されないが、好ましくは、シリコン、水晶、サイアロン、ムライト、サファイアおよび透光性アルミナからなる群より選ばれた材質からなる。これによって、弾性波素子6、16の周波数の温度特性を一層改善することができる。
プラズマ処理した圧電性材料基板の接合面と接合層の接合面を室温で互いに接触させる。このとき真空中で処理してもよいが、より好ましくは大気中で接触させる。
具体的には、弾性波素子6、16としては、弾性表面波デバイスやラム波素子、薄膜共振子(FBAR)などが知られている。例えば、弾性表面波デバイスは、圧電性材料基板の表面に、弾性表面波を励振する入力側のIDT(Interdigital Transducer)電極(櫛形電極、すだれ状電極ともいう)と弾性表面波を受信する出力側のIDT電極とを設けたものである。入力側のIDT電極に高周波信号を印加すると、電極間に電界が発生し、弾性表面波が励振されて圧電性材料基板上を伝搬していく。そして、伝搬方向に設けられた出力側のIDT電極から、伝搬された弾性表面波を電気信号として取り出すことができる。
図2~図4を参照しつつ説明した方法に従い、図4(c)に示す弾性波素子6を作製した。
この支持基板の接合面のX線反射率法によるスペクトルを取得し、相対信号強度を(1)式で近似したところ、a=9.2×10-4、b=5.55が得られた。
IDT周期 6μm
IDT開口長 300um
IDT本数 80本
反射器本数 40本
これらの結果を表1に示す。
実施例1と同様にして表面弾性波素子の共振器を作製し、ネットワークアナライザで共振器の反射特性を測定した。ただし、支持基板の接合面の加工は、#8000の研削砥石を用いて研削加工を実施した。
この結果、支持基板の接合面のX線反射率法によるスペクトルを取得し、相対信号強度を(1)式で近似したところ、a=7.1×10-4、b=5.80が得られた。スプリアス波の大きさは3.2dBであった。
実施例1と同様にして表面弾性波素子の共振器を作製し、ネットワークアナライザで共振器の反射特性を測定した。ただし、支持基板の接合面の加工は、窒化珪素粒を用いて基板全面をブラスト加工した。この時の加工量を見積もったところ、僅か10nmであった。
この結果、支持基板の接合面のX線反射率法によるスペクトルを取得し、相対信号強度を(1)式で近似したところ、a=2.2×10-5、b=8.84が得られた。スプリアス波の大きさは4.8dBであった。
実施例1と同様にして表面弾性波素子の共振器を作製し、ネットワークアナライザで共振器の反射特性を測定した。ただし、支持基板の接合面の加工は、支持基板をイオン加工機に投入し、0.5keVで加速したArイオンを衝突させてその接合面を加工した。
この結果、支持基板の接合面のX線反射率法によるスペクトルを取得し、相対信号強度を(1)式で近似したところ、a=5.6×10-5、b=7.63が得られた。スプリアス波の大きさは3.3dBであった。
実施例1と同様にして表面弾性波素子の共振器を作製し、ネットワークアナライザで共振器の反射特性を測定した。支持基板をイオン加工機に投入し、1.0keVで加速したArイオンを衝突させてその接合面を加工した。
この結果、支持基板の接合面のX線反射率法によるスペクトルを取得し、相対信号強度を(1)式で近似したところ、a=1.8×10-3、b=5.12が得られた。スプリアス波の大きさは3.5dBであった。
実施例1と同様にして表面弾性波素子の共振器を作製し、ネットワークアナライザで共振器の反射特性を測定した。ただし,支持基板の接合面は鏡面としたので、Raは0.02nmであり、前記式(1)による近似ができなかった。反射特性は、図8に示すように、スプリアスがみられた。スプリアス波の大きさは12dBであった。
Claims (2)
- 支持基板、
ニオブ酸リチウム、タンタル酸リチウムおよびニオブ酸リチウム-タンタル酸リチウムからなる群より選ばれた材質からなる圧電性材料基板、および
前記支持基板と前記圧電性材料基板とを接合する接合層
を備えている接合体であって、
前記支持基板の接合面と前記圧電性材料基板の接合面との少なくとも一方をX線反射率法によって測定し、この際全反射時の信号強度を1としたとき、前記接合面からの反射光の相対強度Iが1.0×10-4以上、1.0×10-1以下の範囲内で下記式(1)によって近似されることを特徴とする、接合体。
(式(1)において、
θは前記接合面に対するX線の入射角であり、
aは1.0×10-5以上、2.0×10-3以下であり、
bは5.0以上、9.0以下である。)
- 前記接合層が、酸化ケイ素、窒化珪素、窒化アルミニウム、アルミナ、五酸化タンタル、ムライト、五酸化ニオブおよび酸化チタンからなる群より選ばれた材質からなることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の接合体。
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