WO2021082255A1 - 一种发声装置的振膜以及发声装置 - Google Patents

一种发声装置的振膜以及发声装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2021082255A1
WO2021082255A1 PCT/CN2019/128174 CN2019128174W WO2021082255A1 WO 2021082255 A1 WO2021082255 A1 WO 2021082255A1 CN 2019128174 W CN2019128174 W CN 2019128174W WO 2021082255 A1 WO2021082255 A1 WO 2021082255A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
polysulfide rubber
polysulfide
diaphragm according
agent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/128174
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
彭威锋
凌风光
李春
刘春发
Original Assignee
歌尔股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 歌尔股份有限公司 filed Critical 歌尔股份有限公司
Priority to US17/767,561 priority Critical patent/US20240114291A1/en
Priority to KR1020217035158A priority patent/KR102636232B1/ko
Publication of WO2021082255A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021082255A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
    • C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/04—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B25/042—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising rubber as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of natural rubber or synthetic rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/14—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising synthetic rubber copolymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
    • C08J7/04—Coating
    • C08J7/042—Coating with two or more layers, where at least one layer of a composition contains a polymer binder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/06—Sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/0016—Plasticisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K5/39—Thiocarbamic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. dithiocarbamates
    • C08K5/40—Thiurams, i.e. compounds containing groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L81/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of polysulfones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L81/04—Polysulfides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
    • H04R31/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor for diaphragms or their outer suspension
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/06—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers
    • H04R7/10—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers comprising superposed layers in contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/02—2 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/03—3 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/04—4 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/05—5 or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/536—Hardness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B32B2307/737—Dimensions, e.g. volume or area
    • B32B2307/7375—Linear, e.g. length, distance or width
    • B32B2307/7376—Thickness
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2309/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
    • C08J2309/02—Copolymers with acrylonitrile
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2381/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Polysulfones; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2381/04—Polysulfides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C08K13/06—Pretreated ingredients and ingredients covered by the main groups C08K3/00 - C08K7/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
    • C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • C08K2003/265—Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/30—Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K2003/3045—Sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K3/346—Clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K3/36—Silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
    • C08K5/098—Metal salts of carboxylic acids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2307/025—Diaphragms comprising polymeric materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2307/029—Diaphragms comprising fibres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of acoustic devices, in particular, the present invention relates to a diaphragm of a sound emitting device and a sound emitting device.
  • Existing sound device diaphragms mostly use high modulus plastic film layers (for example: PEEK, PAR, PEI, PI, etc.), softer thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (for example: TPU) and damping films (for example: acrylic glue) , Silica gel, etc.) composite structure.
  • high modulus plastic film layers for example: PEEK, PAR, PEI, PI, etc.
  • softer thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers for example: TPU
  • damping films for example: acrylic glue
  • Silicone rubber materials have good thermal stability, good hydrophobic properties and excellent resilience performance.
  • the diaphragm made of silicone rubber has been widely used in the field of sound generating devices.
  • the thermal stability and resilience of silicone rubber materials are relatively good, but because of its symmetrical chemical structure, high stereoregularity, symmetrically substituted methyl groups have low steric hindrance, and the modulus or hardness of silicone rubber is relatively low.
  • the damping of the material is low, and the product distortion of the silicone rubber diaphragm is large.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a diaphragm of a sound emitting device and a new technical solution for the sound emitting device.
  • a diaphragm of a sound emitting device includes at least one elastomer layer, wherein the elastomer layer is made of polysulfide rubber;
  • the polysulfide rubber adopts any one of A-type polysulfide rubber, FA-type polysulfide rubber, and ST-type polysulfide rubber;
  • the molecular weight of the polysulfide rubber is 1,000 to 500,000.
  • the molecular structural formula of the polysulfide rubber is as follows:
  • R is a divalent organic group
  • L is the molecular chain segment of polysulfide rubber
  • X adopts any one of thiol, hydroxyl, halogen, amino, and amide
  • n 1 or 2.
  • the R includes any one of the following divalent organic groups:
  • the polysulfide rubber is mixed with an inorganic filler reinforcing agent, and the inorganic filler reinforcing agent adopts at least one of carbon black, white carbon black, nano titanium dioxide, talc, precipitated calcium carbonate, and barium sulfate.
  • the content of the inorganic filler reinforcing agent is 15%-90% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • the content of the inorganic filler reinforcing agent is 30%-70% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • the polysulfide rubber is mixed with an anti-aging agent, and the anti-aging agent adopts anti-aging agent N-445, anti-aging agent 246, anti-aging agent 4010, anti-aging agent SP, anti-aging agent RD, anti-aging agent ODA, anti-aging agent OD, At least one of the antioxidant WH-02, the content of the antioxidant is 0.5%-10% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • the content of the antioxidant is 1% to 5% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • the polysulfide rubber is mixed with a plasticizer
  • the plasticizer is an aliphatic dibasic acid ester plasticizer, a phthalate ester plasticizer, or a benzene polyester plasticizer.
  • the plasticizer is an aliphatic dibasic acid ester plasticizer, a phthalate ester plasticizer, or a benzene polyester plasticizer.
  • the content of the plasticizer is 1%-10% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • the content of the plasticizer is 3% to 7% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • the polysulfide rubber is mixed with an internal mold release agent, and the internal mold release agent is stearic acid, stearylamine, alkyl phosphate, ⁇ -octadecyl- ⁇ -hydroxy poly At least one of the oxyethylene phosphates, the content of the internal release agent is 0.5%-5% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • the content of the internal release agent is 1%-3% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • the polysulfide rubber is mixed with a cross-linking agent, and the cross-linking agent is at least one of sulfur and thiuram polysulfide.
  • the thiuram polysulfide adopts tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, tetrabutylthiuram disulfide, two At least one of diisobutylthiuram sulfide and bis(1,5-pentylene)thiuram tetrasulfide.
  • the diaphragm is a single-layer diaphragm, and the single-layer diaphragm is composed of a polysulfide rubber membrane layer; or,
  • the diaphragm is a composite diaphragm, the composite diaphragm includes two, three, four or five diaphragm layers, and the composite diaphragm includes at least one polysulfide rubber diaphragm layer.
  • the thickness of the polysulfide rubber film layer is 10 ⁇ m-200 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the polysulfide rubber film layer is 30 ⁇ m-120 ⁇ m.
  • the hardness of the polysulfide rubber is 30-95A.
  • the glass transition temperature of the polysulfide rubber is -70-0°C.
  • the loss factor of the polysulfide rubber at room temperature is greater than 0.06.
  • the elongation at break of the polysulfide rubber is greater than 100%.
  • a sound generating device includes a sounding device main body and the above-mentioned diaphragm.
  • the diaphragm is arranged on the sounding device main body, and the diaphragm is configured to vibrate and produce sound.
  • the inventor of the present invention found that in the prior art, the overall performance of the diaphragm is poor, which is likely to cause poor listening and affect the acoustic performance of the sound generating device. Therefore, the technical task to be achieved or the technical problem to be solved by the present invention has never been thought of or anticipated by those skilled in the art, so the present invention is a new technical solution.
  • the present invention discloses a diaphragm made of polysulfide rubber material.
  • the diaphragm has good comprehensive performance, can work normally under extreme conditions of high and low temperature, and can maintain good rigidity and recovery. Elasticity and damping performance. Therefore, the sound generating device can be used in an extremely harsh environment, while its acoustic performance can be maintained in a good state.
  • FIG. 1 is a comparison diagram of the total harmonic distortion test curve of the diaphragm provided by the present invention and the existing conventional diaphragm.
  • Fig. 2 is a test curve of the vibration displacement of different parts of the diaphragm of the sound generating device at different frequencies according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a test curve of the vibration displacement of different parts of the existing diaphragm at different frequencies.
  • Figure 4 shows the impedance curves of diaphragms with different hardnesses.
  • Fig. 5 is a comparison diagram of the test curves of loudness at different frequencies between the diaphragm provided by the present invention and the existing conventional diaphragm.
  • a diaphragm of a sound emitting device includes at least one elastomer layer, wherein the elastomer layer is made of polysulfide rubber.
  • the diaphragm can be used in a sound emitting device such as a loudspeaker, especially in a miniature sound emitting device.
  • the polysulfide rubber may be any one of A-type polysulfide rubber, FA-type polysulfide rubber, and ST-type polysulfide rubber.
  • Type A polysulfide rubber is a condensation polymer of dichloroethane and alkali metal tetrasulfide.
  • FA type polysulfide rubber is a polycondensate of dichloroethane, bis-2-chloroethyl formal and alkali metal disulfide.
  • ST type polysulfide rubber is a polycondensate of bis-2-chloroethyl formal, trichloropropane and alkali metal polysulfides.
  • Those skilled in the art can flexibly select any one of the above three polysulfide rubbers to make the diaphragm of the sounding device according to actual needs.
  • the prepared diaphragm has good rigidity, resilience and damping performance.
  • the polysulfide rubber has a relatively large molecular weight, and its molecular weight can reach 1,000 to 500,000.
  • the molecular structural formula of the polysulfide rubber can be as follows:
  • R is a divalent organic group
  • L is a polysulfide rubber molecular segment
  • X uses thiol, hydroxyl, halogen (for example, F, Cl, Br, I, etc.), amino, and amide. Any one, m is 1 or 2.
  • the polysulfide rubber structure includes but is not limited to the above structure.
  • the R includes any one of the following divalent organic groups:
  • the main chain of polysulfide rubber is entirely composed of single bonds. Since each bond can rotate in space, this makes polysulfide rubber more flexible, which is conducive to the movement or swing of its molecular chain. . Therefore, polysulfide rubber has a lower glass transition temperature, which can bring excellent cold resistance to polysulfide rubber materials, so that it can maintain good high elasticity in low temperature environments. On the other hand, it can make the two molecules of the bonding system easily approach each other and generate adsorption force, so it has good bonding performance, which brings convenience to the bonding process of the original sound device.
  • the diaphragm provided by the present invention has good comprehensive performance, especially can work normally under extreme conditions, while maintaining good rigidity, resilience and damping performance, and has low distortion. Therefore, the sound generating device using the diaphragm can be used in an extremely harsh environment, while its acoustic performance is maintained in a good state.
  • an inorganic filler reinforcing agent may be mixed in the polysulfide rubber.
  • the inorganic filler reinforcing agent includes at least one of carbon black, white carbon black, nano titanium dioxide, talc, precipitated calcium carbonate, and barium sulfate. And, when the mass fraction of the polysulfide rubber itself is 100 parts, the mass parts of the inorganic filler reinforcing agent itself is 15-90 parts, that is, the content of the inorganic filler reinforcing agent is the 15%-90% of the total amount of polysulfide rubber.
  • the surface of the inorganic filler reinforcing agent has groups such as hydrogen, carboxyl group, lactone group, free radical, quinone group, etc., which can undergo reactions such as substitution, reduction, and oxidation.
  • groups such as hydrogen, carboxyl group, lactone group, free radical, quinone group, etc., which can undergo reactions such as substitution, reduction, and oxidation.
  • carbon black is an amorphous structure, and particles form aggregates through physical and chemical bonding with each other.
  • the primary structure of carbon black is composed of aggregates, and there are van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonds between the aggregates, which can aggregate into a spatial network structure, that is, the secondary structure of carbon black.
  • the surface of carbon black has hydrogen, carboxyl, lactone, free radical, quinone and other groups that can undergo substitution, reduction, oxidation, etc.
  • polysulfide rubber because the surface of carbon black and polysulfide rubber molecules dominate The strong interaction between the chain interface, when the material is stressed, the molecular chain is easier to slide on the surface of the carbon black, but it is not easy to separate from the carbon black.
  • the polysulfide rubber and the carbon black form a strong bond that can slide. Increase in intensity.
  • the mass parts of the polysulfide rubber itself is 100
  • the mass parts of the inorganic filler reinforcing agent itself is 15-85 parts, that is, the inorganic filler
  • the content of the filler reinforcing agent is 15%-85% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • the mass parts of the inorganic filler reinforcing agent itself is 15-80 parts, that is, when the content of the inorganic filler reinforcing agent is 15%-80% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber, it can It better meets the requirements of the present invention for the performance of the diaphragm.
  • the mass parts of the inorganic filler reinforcing agent itself is 30-70 parts, that is, the content of the inorganic filler reinforcing agent is 30%-70% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • the mass parts of the inorganic filler reinforcing agent itself is 30-70 parts, that is, the content of the inorganic filler reinforcing agent is 30%-70% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • an anti-aging agent may be mixed in the polysulfide rubber.
  • the antioxidant can be, for example, at least one of antioxidant N-445, antioxidant 246, antioxidant 4010, antioxidant SP, antioxidant RD, antioxidant ODA, antioxidant OD, and antioxidant WH-02. And, in the case where the mass fraction of the polysulfide rubber itself is 100 parts, the mass parts of the antioxidant itself is 0.5-10 parts, that is, the content of the antioxidant is the total amount of the polysulfide rubber 0.5%-10%.
  • the molecular chain of polysulfide rubber will gradually break, generating free radicals and accelerating self-aging.
  • the phenomenon is the natural aging phenomenon of polysulfide rubber.
  • the autocatalytically active free radicals generated in the polysulfide rubber can be prevented or stopped or slowed down. It should be noted that if the amount of antioxidant added is too small, the effect of prolonging the service life of polysulfide rubber may not be achieved.
  • the mass parts of the polysulfide rubber is 100 parts
  • the mass parts of the antioxidant itself can be selected in the range of 0.5-10 parts.
  • the mass parts of the antioxidant itself is 1-5 parts, that is, the content of the antioxidant is 1%-5% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • a plasticizer may be mixed in the polysulfide rubber.
  • the plasticizer adopts aliphatic dibasic acid ester plasticizers, phthalate ester plasticizers (for example, including phthalate esters and terephthalate esters), and benzene polyacid esters plasticizers.
  • Plasticizers, benzoate plasticizers, polyol ester plasticizers, chlorinated hydrocarbon plasticizers, epoxy plasticizers, citrate plasticizers, and polyester plasticizers At least one.
  • plasticizers are much smaller than those of polysulfide rubber. They are easier to move. They can conveniently provide the space required for chain segment activities, reduce the glass transition temperature of the material, increase the cold resistance of the material, and improve the material's performance. Processing performance. Excessive plasticizer will precipitate from the inside of the material, which will reduce the mechanical properties of the material. As the amount of plasticizer increases, the glass transition temperature of the material decreases.
  • the mass parts of the polysulfide rubber itself is 100 parts
  • the mass parts of the plasticizer itself is 1-10 parts, that is, the plasticizer
  • the content of the agent is 1%-10% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • the amount of plasticizer increases, the glass transition temperature of the polysulfide rubber material decreases, but correspondingly, the tensile strength of the polysulfide rubber material also decreases.
  • the plasticizer content is 12 the tensile strength of the polysulfide rubber material is greatly reduced.
  • excessive plasticizer will precipitate from the inside of the polysulfide rubber material, reducing the mechanical properties of the polysulfide rubber material.
  • the mass fraction of the plasticizer itself meets the above range, it can ensure that the performance of the polysulfide rubber can meet the performance requirements of the diaphragm.
  • the mass parts of the plasticizer itself is 3-7 parts, that is, the content of the plasticizer is 3%-7% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • an internal mold release agent may be mixed in the polysulfide rubber.
  • the internal mold release agent uses at least one of stearic acid, stearylamine, alkyl phosphate, and ⁇ -octadecyl- ⁇ -hydroxy polyoxyethylene phosphate.
  • the Mooney viscosity and green strength of polysulfide rubber are relatively low. And this performance characteristic will cause the polysulfide rubber to have process problems such as sticking rollers and sticking molds in the injection molding process.
  • the invention improves the processing performance of the polysulfide rubber by adding an internal release agent to the rubber compound.
  • the mixing amount of the internal release agent is small, it is difficult to improve the mucosal problem. However, if the mixing amount of the internal release agent is too large, the adhesion between the polysulfide rubber and the adhesive layer during the later preparation of the diaphragm is likely to decrease, and the performance of the final diaphragm is adversely affected.
  • the mass parts of the polysulfide rubber is 100 parts
  • the mass parts of the internal mold release agent itself can be 0.5-5 parts, that is, the internal mold release
  • the content of the agent is 0.5% to 5% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • the mass parts of the internal mold release agent itself is 1 to 3 parts, that is, the content of the internal mold release agent is 1% to 3% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • the content of the internal mold release agent is 1% to 3% of the total amount of the polysulfide rubber.
  • a crosslinking agent may be mixed in the polysulfide rubber.
  • the crosslinking agent uses at least one of sulfur and thiuram polysulfide.
  • the sulfur can shorten the vulcanization time and improve the hardness, compression deformation resistance and elastic modulus of the vulcanized rubber.
  • the thiuram polysulfide adopts tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, tetrabutylthiuram disulfide, and diisobutyl disulfide. At least one of kithiuram and bis(1,5-pentylidene)thiuram tetrasulfide.
  • the thiuram polysulfide is a vulcanizing agent of a non-sulfur system, which can directly vulcanize rubber when used alone. After the temperature is raised to the vulcanization temperature, the sulfur-containing compound cracks into active sulfur, and the amount of sulfur contained is different due to the different structure of the sulfide. During the vulcanization process, the sulfur-containing compound is thermally cracked into free radicals, and then reacts with the ⁇ -methine in the polysulfide rubber to complete the vulcanization according to the radical chain reaction. In the absence of zinc oxide, it is decomposed into dimethylamine and carbon disulfide. The decomposition products can promote the oxidation of rubber, and the aging performance is seriously reduced. In the presence of zinc oxide, it can react to form zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate, which has a positive effect on the anti-aging properties of rubber.
  • crosslinking agent and the resulting crosslinking points can determine the degree of crosslinking of the polysulfide rubber. Within a certain range, the more cross-linking points and the greater the amount of cross-linking agent, the higher the degree of cross-linking. However, too high a degree of crosslinking will make it more difficult for the molecular chain to move, leading to an increase in the glass transition temperature of the polysulfide rubber and an increase in the damping factor. Moreover, the higher the mechanical strength of the polysulfide rubber material, the lower the elongation at break and the elastic recovery. Those skilled in the art can reasonably control the amount of crosslinking agent according to specific needs.
  • the glass transition temperature of the diaphragm is -70-0°C. Because polysulfide rubber itself has a relatively high molecular weight (for example, the molecular weight can be as high as 1,000 to 500,000), and its molecular chain is relatively flexible, it has good low temperature resistance. When the diaphragm satisfies the above glass transition temperature range, the diaphragm of the sound device can maintain a high elastic state at room temperature and has good resilience. In a certain range, the lower the glass transition temperature, the diaphragm can work normally at a lower temperature. When the thickness of the diaphragm is constant, the lower the glass transition temperature, the lower the resonance frequency F0 of the assembled sound device. Among them, the glass transition temperature of the material can be adjusted by changing the content of the inorganic filler reinforcing agent and the content of the plasticizer mixed in the polysulfide rubber.
  • the glass transition temperature of the diaphragm provided by the present invention is preferably -50-0°C.
  • the diaphragm can not only maintain a high elastic state at room temperature, but also has good resilience. More importantly, even when the temperature is below 0°C, the diaphragm of the sounding device can still maintain good rubber elasticity during operation, so that the sounding device exhibits a higher sound quality. At the same time, the risk of damage to the diaphragm of the sound device in a low temperature environment is reduced and the reliability is higher.
  • the elongation at break of the diaphragm is greater than 100%.
  • the elongation at break of the diaphragm is greater than 150%.
  • the diaphragm of the present invention has a relatively high elongation at break, which makes the diaphragm less likely to have reliability problems such as membrane rupture when used in a sound generating device.
  • the strain of the diaphragm provided by the embodiment of the present invention is significantly greater than that of the PEEK diaphragm in the prior art. This indicates that the Young's modulus of the diaphragm provided by the embodiment of the present invention is significantly smaller than that of the PEEK diaphragm in the prior art.
  • the PEEK diaphragm of the prior art has an obvious yield point, which is about 0.4-0.5% strain.
  • the diaphragm of the sound generating device provided by the present invention does not have a yield point. This shows that the diaphragm provided by the present invention has a wider elastic area and has excellent resilience performance.
  • the diaphragm made of polysulfide rubber has good flexibility. For example, its elongation at break is ⁇ 100%. Among them, the molecular chain of polysulfide rubber has a very important influence on the elongation at break, and those skilled in the art can choose according to actual needs. This makes the vibration displacement of the diaphragm of the sound device larger and louder. And the reliability and durability are good. The better the flexibility of the polysulfide rubber material and the greater the elongation at break, the stronger the ability of the diaphragm to resist damage.
  • the polysulfide rubber material When the diaphragm is vibrating in a state of large amplitude, the polysulfide rubber material produces a greater strain, and there is a risk of membrane fold, membrane crack or membrane rupture when vibrating for a long time.
  • the diaphragm of the present invention using polysulfide rubber as the base material has good flexibility and reduces the risk of damage to the diaphragm. The higher the elongation at break, the lower the breakage rate of the diaphragm in long-term use.
  • the polysulfide rubber material provided by the present invention has a wider elastic area.
  • the strain of the diaphragm occurs in this area, after the external force is removed, the diaphragm has excellent resilience.
  • the diaphragm provided by the present invention can be used continuously at high temperature and has higher damping performance than existing materials. Due to the good resilience of the diaphragm, the sound generating device has a better transient response and lower distortion.
  • the diaphragm provided by the present invention has a lower THD (total harmonic distortion) compared to the PEEK diaphragm of the prior art. This shows that the diaphragm provided by the present invention has more excellent anti-polarization ability and better sound quality.
  • the diaphragm provided by the invention is in a highly elastic state at room temperature, the molecular chain is easy to move, the friction between the molecules is large, and the damping performance is better.
  • the loss factor of the diaphragm is greater than 0.06.
  • Excellent damping performance enables the diaphragm to have lower impedance.
  • the damping of the diaphragm is improved, the ability of the vibration system of the sound device to suppress the polarization phenomenon during the vibration process is enhanced, and the vibration consistency is good.
  • the damping of the existing diaphragm made of engineering plastics is low, the loss factor is usually less than 0.01, and the damping is small.
  • the loss factor of the diaphragm provided by the present invention is greater than 0.1.
  • Fig. 2 is a test curve of the vibration displacement of different parts of the diaphragm of the sound generating device at different frequencies according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a test curve of the vibration displacement of different parts of the existing conventional diaphragm at different frequencies.
  • the diaphragm is a rectangular folded ring diaphragm.
  • the abscissa is the frequency (Hz), and the ordinate is the loudness displacement (mm). Take points at the edge position and the center position of the center of the diaphragm for testing.
  • the vibration film provided by the present invention has a Shore hardness range of 30-95A.
  • the resonance frequency F0 of the sounding device is proportional to the modulus, hardness, and thickness of the diaphragm, while for polysulfide rubber materials, the modulus is proportional to the hardness. Therefore, hardness can be used to reflect the modulus of the diaphragm.
  • the strength and hardness of the polysulfide rubber material can be adjusted by reinforcing agents.
  • the increase in the amount of molecular chains will increase the intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which in turn will increase the strength and hardness of the polysulfide rubber material and increase the number of cross-linking points.
  • the higher the strength and hardness of the polysulfide rubber material the higher the F0 of the prepared diaphragm.
  • the loudness of the sound device will be reduced and the bass performance will be worse.
  • Figure 4 shows the impedance curves of the diaphragm with the same thickness and different hardness. It can be seen from Fig. 4 that as the hardness increases, the resonance frequency F0 of the sound emitting device increases sharply.
  • the diaphragm of the sound emitting device provided by the present invention may be, for example, a folded ring diaphragm or a flat diaphragm.
  • the resonance frequency F0 of the sounding device is proportional to the Young's modulus and thickness of the diaphragm.
  • the change of F0 can be achieved by changing the thickness and Young's modulus of the diaphragm of the sounding device.
  • the specific adjustment principle is as follows:
  • Mms is the equivalent vibration mass of the sounding device
  • Cms is the equivalent compliance of the sounding device:
  • C m1 is the elastic wave compliance
  • C m2 is the diaphragm compliance
  • the equivalent compliance of the sounding device is the diaphragm compliance:
  • W is the total width of the folded ring of the diaphragm
  • t is the thickness of the diaphragm
  • dvc is the outer diameter of the diaphragm and voice coil
  • E is the Young's modulus of the diaphragm material
  • u is the Poisson of the diaphragm material ratio.
  • the resonance frequency F0 of the sound emitting device is proportional to the modulus and thickness of the diaphragm.
  • the modulus of the diaphragm is directly proportional to its hardness. Therefore, hardness can be used instead of its modulus.
  • the diaphragm should have sufficient rigidity and damping. Those skilled in the art can adjust the size of F0 by adjusting the hardness and thickness of the speaker diaphragm.
  • the Shore hardness of the diaphragm is preferably 30-80A, and the thickness of the diaphragm is 30-120 ⁇ m.
  • the resonance frequency F0 of the sound generating device can reach 150-1500 Hz.
  • the low frequency performance of the sound device is excellent.
  • the diaphragm provided by the present invention may be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer composite diaphragm.
  • the single-layer diaphragm is a diaphragm composed of a polysulfide rubber film layer.
  • the composite diaphragm is a diaphragm formed by successively stacking multiple polysulfide rubber membrane layers.
  • the composite diaphragm may include at least one polysulfide rubber film layer, and the polysulfide rubber film layer is bonded and compounded with a film layer made of other materials to form a composite diaphragm made of multiple materials.
  • the multiple membrane layers can be combined by hot pressing or the like to form the above-mentioned composite diaphragm.
  • the composite diaphragm may be a two-layer, three-layer, four-layer or five-layer composite diaphragm, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • At least one film layer in the composite diaphragm is a polysulfide rubber film layer made of the polysulfide rubber provided by the present invention.
  • the thickness can be selected to be 10-200 ⁇ m. Preferably it is 30-120 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the polysulfide rubber film layer is within this range, it can better meet the performance requirements and assembly space requirements of the sound generating device.
  • the thickness of the diaphragm will affect its acoustic performance. In general, a lower thickness will affect the reliability of the diaphragm, and a larger thickness will affect the sensitivity of the diaphragm. Therefore, the thickness of the diaphragm provided by the present invention can be controlled between 30 ⁇ m and 120 ⁇ m, for example.
  • the thickness range can make the sensitivity of the sound device diaphragm higher, and the elasticity and rigidity of the diaphragm can meet the production requirements of the sound device . In particular, it can be used in miniature sound generating devices.
  • the diaphragm can ensure long-term normal use during repeated vibrations, thereby prolonging the service life of the sound generating device.
  • the present invention also provides a comparison curve diagram between a specific implementation of the diaphragm provided by the present invention and the existing conventional diaphragm, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • Figure 5 shows the test curves (SPL curves) of the loudness of the two diaphragms at different frequencies.
  • the diaphragm is a folded ring diaphragm.
  • the abscissa is frequency (Hz), and the ordinate is loudness.
  • the dotted line is the test curve of the diaphragm provided by the present invention.
  • the solid line is the test curve of the conventional diaphragm. It can be seen from the SPL curve that the intermediate frequency performance of the two diaphragms is similar.
  • the F0 of the sound device using the diaphragm provided by the present invention is 832 Hz.
  • the F0 of the sound device using the conventional diaphragm is 926 Hz. This shows that the low-frequency sensitivity of the diaphragm provided by the present invention is higher than that of the existing PEEK diaphragm. That is to say, the use of the diaphragm provided by the present invention can make the sound generating device have higher loudness and comfort.
  • the invention provides a diaphragm, which is obtained by mixing polysulfide rubber material with an auxiliary agent, and then integrally molded by a hot pressing method, and the molding temperature must be higher than the rubber vulcanization temperature.
  • the preparation method of the diaphragm provided by the invention is simple, can be used normally under extreme conditions of high and low temperature, and simultaneously takes into account the rigidity, resilience and damping required for the vibration of the diaphragm.
  • the present invention also provides a sound generating device.
  • the sounding device includes a main body of the sounding device and the above-mentioned diaphragm made of polysulfide rubber.
  • the polysulfide rubber may be any one of A-type polysulfide rubber, FA-type polysulfide rubber, and ST-type polysulfide rubber, which is not limited in the present invention.
  • the vibrating membrane is arranged on the main body of the sound generating device, and the vibrating membrane is configured to be driven to vibrate and generate sound through vibration.
  • the main body of the sound generating device may be equipped with components such as a coil, a magnetic circuit system, etc., and the diaphragm is driven to vibrate through electromagnetic induction.
  • the sound generating device provided by the present invention has excellent acoustic performance.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Diaphragms And Bellows (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

一种发声装置的振膜以及发声装置。所述振膜包括至少一层弹性体层，其中，所述弹性体层采用聚硫橡胶制成；所述聚硫橡胶采用A型聚硫橡胶、FA型聚硫橡胶、ST型聚硫橡胶中的任意一种；所述聚硫橡胶的分子量为1000-500000。所述振膜具有更优的声学性能。

Description

一种发声装置的振膜以及发声装置 技术领域
本发明涉及声学器件技术领域，具体地，本发明涉及一种发声装置的振膜以及发声装置。
背景技术
现有的发声装置振膜大多采用高模量的塑料膜层(例如：PEEK、PAR、PEI、PI等)、较为柔软的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(例如：TPU)以及阻尼胶膜(例如：丙烯酸胶、硅胶等)复合的结构。但是，现有振膜的综合性能较差，例如弹性回复率低、耐热性能差，容易造成听音不良，使得发声装置的声学性能不好。
硅橡胶材料具有良好的热稳定性、良好的疏水性能以及优异的回弹性能。如今，随着高功率化、防水以及高音质要求的提高，硅橡胶材质的振膜在发声装置领域得到了较为广泛的应用。然而，硅橡胶材料虽然热稳定性以及回弹性均比较好，但因其化学结构对称，立构规整度高，对称取代的甲基空间位阻小，硅橡胶的模量或硬度相对较低，在满足相同F0要求的前提下，导致材料的阻尼性较低，造成硅橡胶振膜的产品失真较大。
可见，上述振膜的综合性能都比较差，不能满足发声装置的全面性能要求。因此，提供一种综合性能强、可靠性高的发声装置的振膜成为本技术领域面临的一大技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种发声装置的振膜以及发声装置的新技术方案。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种发声装置的振膜，所述振膜包括至少一层弹性体层，其中，所述弹性体层采用聚硫橡胶制成；
所述聚硫橡胶采用A型聚硫橡胶、FA型聚硫橡胶、ST型聚硫橡胶中 的任意一种；
所述聚硫橡胶的分子量为1000-500000。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶的分子结构式如下：
Figure PCTCN2019128174-appb-000001
以上分子结构式中，R为二价有机基团；
L为聚硫橡胶分子链段；
X采用硫醇基、羟基、卤素、氨基、酰胺中任意一种；
m为1或2。
可选地，所述R包括如下任意一种二价有机基团：
-H 2C-CH 2-CH 2-
Figure PCTCN2019128174-appb-000002
-H 2C-CH 2-CH 2-O-CH 2-CH 2(OH)-CH 2-。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶中混合有无机填料补强剂，所述无机填料补强剂采用炭黑、白炭黑、纳米钛白粉、滑石粉、沉淀碳酸钙、硫酸钡中的至少一种，所述无机填料补强剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的15％-90％。
可选地，所述无机填料补强剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的30％-70％。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶中混合有防老剂，所述防老剂采用防老剂N-445、防老剂246、防老剂4010、防老剂SP、防老剂RD、防老剂ODA、防老剂OD、防老剂WH-02中的至少一种，所述防老剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的0.5％-10％。
可选地，所述防老剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的1％-5％。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶中混合有增塑剂，所述增塑剂采用脂肪族二元酸酯类增塑剂、苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂、苯多酸酯类增塑剂、苯甲酸酯类增塑剂、多元醇酯类增塑剂、氯化烃类增塑剂、环氧类增塑剂、柠檬酸酯类增塑剂、聚酯类增塑剂中的至少一种，所述增塑剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的1％-10％。
可选地，所述增塑剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的3％-7％。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶中混合有内脱模剂，所述内脱模剂采用硬脂酸、十八烷基胺、磷酸烷基酯、α-十八烷基-ω-羟基聚氧乙烯磷酸酯中的至少一种，所述内脱模剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的0.5％-5％。
可选地，所述内脱模剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的1％-3％。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶中混合有交联剂，所述交联剂采用硫磺、秋兰姆多硫化物中的至少一种。
可选地，所述秋兰姆多硫化物采用一硫化四甲基秋兰姆、二硫化四甲基秋兰姆、二硫化四乙基秋兰姆、二硫化四丁基秋兰姆、二硫化二异丁基秋兰姆、四硫化双(1，5-亚戊基)秋兰姆中的至少一种。
可选地，所述振膜为单层振膜，所述单层振膜采用一层聚硫橡胶膜层构成；或者是，
所述振膜为复合振膜，所述复合振膜包括两层、三层、四层或五层膜层，所述复合振膜至少包括一层聚硫橡胶膜层。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶膜层的厚度为10μm-200μm。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶膜层的厚度为30μm-120μm。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶的硬度为30-95A。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶的玻璃化转变温度为-70-0℃。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶在室温下损耗因子大于0.06。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶的断裂伸长率大于100％。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种发声装置。该发声装置包括发声装置主体以及上述的振膜，所述振膜设置在所述发声装置主体上，所述振膜被配置为能振动发声。
本发明的发明人发现，在现有技术中，振膜的综合性能较差，容易造成听音不良，影响发声装置的声学性能。因此，本发明所要实现的技术任务或者所要解决的技术问题是本领域技术人员从未想到的或者没有预期到的，故本发明是一种新的技术方案。
本发明的有益效果为：本发明公开了一种采用聚硫橡胶材料制成的振膜，所述振膜综合性能良好，能在高低温极端条件下正常工作，且能保持良好的刚性、回弹性以及阻尼性能。因此，使得发声装置能够应用于极其恶劣环境中， 同时其声学性能能够保持良好的状态。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是本发明提供的振膜与现有常规振膜的总谐波失真测试曲线对比图。
图2是根据本发明的一个实施例的发声装置的振膜不同部位在不同频率下振动位移的测试曲线。
图3是现有振膜的不同部位在不同频率下振动位移的测试曲线。
图4是不同硬度的振膜的阻抗曲线。
图5是本发明提供的振膜与现有常规振膜的不同频率下响度的测试曲线对比图。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步 讨论。
根据本发明的一个实施例，提供了一种发声装置的振膜。所述振膜包括至少一层弹性体层，其中，所述弹性体层采用聚硫橡胶制成。所述振膜可以应用在例如扬声器等发声装置中，特别是可以应用在微型发声装置中。
所述聚硫橡胶可以采用A型聚硫橡胶、FA型聚硫橡胶以及ST型聚硫橡胶中的任意一种。具体来说：A型聚硫橡胶为二氯乙烷与碱金属四硫化物的缩聚物。FA型聚硫橡胶为二氯乙烷、双-2-氯乙基缩甲醛与碱金属二硫化物的缩聚物。ST型聚硫橡胶为双-2氯乙基缩甲醛、三氯丙烷与碱金属多硫化物的缩聚物。本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要灵活选择上述三种聚硫橡胶中的任一种制作发声装置的振膜。制备出的振膜具有良好的刚性、回弹性以及阻尼性能。
所述聚硫橡胶的分子量较大，其分子量可达1000-500000。
所述聚硫橡胶的分子结构式可以呈如下所示：
Figure PCTCN2019128174-appb-000003
在上述的分子结构式中：R为二价有机基团，L为聚硫橡胶分子链段，X采用硫醇基、羟基、卤素(例如，F、Cl、Br、I等)、氨基、酰胺中任意一种，m为1或2。需要说明的是，在本发明中，聚硫橡胶结构包括但不限于以上结构。
可选地，所述R包括如下任意一种二价有机基团：
-H 2C-CH 2-CH 2-
Figure PCTCN2019128174-appb-000004
-H 2C-CH 2-CH 2-O-CH 2-CH 2(OH)-CH 2-。
特别地，聚硫橡胶主链中全部由单键组成，由于每个键都能在空间内发生内旋转，这就使得聚硫橡胶具有较大的柔性，有利于其分子链段的运动或摆动。因此，聚硫橡胶具有较低的玻璃化转变温度，这样可以带给聚硫橡胶材料优异的耐寒性能，使其在低温环境中也能保持良好的高弹性。另一方面，它能使粘结体系的两个分子容易相互接近并产生吸附力，因而具有良好的粘结性能， 这就为发声装置原件粘接工艺带来了便利。
本发明提供的振膜，其综合性能良好，特别是能在极端条件下中正常工作，同时能保持良好的刚性、回弹性以及阻尼性能，而且失真较低。因此，使得应用该振膜的发声装置能够应用于极其恶劣环境中，同时其声学性能保持良好状态。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶中可以混合有无机填料补强剂。所述无机填料补强剂包括炭黑、白炭黑、纳米钛白粉、滑石粉、沉淀碳酸钙以及硫酸钡中的至少一种。并且，在所述聚硫橡胶自身的质量分数为100份的情况下，所述无机填料补强剂自身的质量份数为15-90份，即所述无机填料补强剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的15％-90％。
无机填料补强剂的表面具有能够发生取代、还原、氧化等反应的氢、羧基、内酯基、自由基、醌基等基团。将无机填料补强剂混合入聚硫橡胶中后，由于无机填料补强剂与聚硫橡胶分子链段的界面之间的强相互作用，材料受力时，分子链比较容易在无机填料补强剂微粒表面上滑动，但不易和无机填料补强剂微粒脱离，聚硫橡胶与无机填料补强剂微粒构成了一种能够滑动的强固的键，力学强度增大。
以炭黑为例，炭黑是一种无定形结构，粒子通过相互之间的物理化学结合构成聚集体。炭黑的一次结构由聚集体构成，同时聚集体之间存在范德华力或氢键，能够聚集成空间网络结构，也就是炭黑的二次结构。炭黑表面具有能够发生取代、还原、氧化反应等的氢、羧基、内酯基、自由基、醌基等基团，当将其加入聚硫橡胶中，由于炭黑表面与聚硫橡胶分子主链界面之间的强相互作用，材料受力时，分子链比较容易在碳黑表面上滑动，但不易和碳黑脱离，聚硫橡胶与碳黑构成了一种能够滑动的强固的键，力学强度增大。
在一种实施方式中，在所述聚硫橡胶自身的质量份数为100的情况下，可选地，所述无机填料补强剂自身的质量份数为15-85份，即所述无机填料补强剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的15％-85％。以选择炭黑作为无机填料补强剂为例，当炭黑的质量份数为10时，聚硫橡胶材料的力学强度和断裂伸长率均比较小，这是由于炭黑的量较少，其在基体中分散不均匀，难以起到补强效果。随着炭黑添加量的增加，能够使聚硫橡胶材料的力学强度增大， 而断裂伸长率逐渐减小。在这种情况下，所制成的振膜在长期使用中就有可能存在破膜风险。因此，优选地，所述无机填料补强剂自身的质量份数为15-80份，即所述无机填料补强剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的15％-80％时，能够更好的满足本发明对振膜性能的要求。而更为理想的是，所述无机填料补强剂自身的质量份数为30-70份，即所述无机填料补强剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的30％-70％。当然，本领域技术人员可以根据具体需要灵活调整，对此不作限制。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶中可以混合有防老剂。所述防老剂例如可以采用防老剂N-445、防老剂246、防老剂4010、防老剂SP、防老剂RD、防老剂ODA、防老剂OD以及防老剂WH-02中的至少一种。并且，在所述聚硫橡胶自身的质量分数为100份的情况下，所述防老剂自身的质量份数为0.5-10份，即所述防老剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的0.5％-10％。
聚硫橡胶在使用过程中，随着使用时间的推移，由于长期受到氧气和紫外线灯等因素的影响，聚硫橡胶的分子链会逐渐出现断裂，产生游离的自由基，加速自身老化，这种现象是聚硫橡胶的自然老化现象。本发明中，通过在聚硫橡胶中混入防老剂，能够防止或者中止、减缓聚硫橡胶中产生的自催化活性游离基。需要说明的是，如果防老剂的添加量过少，则有可能达不到延长聚硫橡胶的使用寿命的效果。而如果防老剂的添加量过多，由于防老剂难以与聚硫橡胶充分的互溶，难以均匀分散，此时有可能会导致聚硫橡胶的力学性能下降。所以，在聚硫橡胶的质量份数为100份的情况下，防老剂自身的质量份数可选在0.5-10份这一范围内。优选地是，防老剂自身的质量份数为1-5份，即所述防老剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的1％-5％。当然，本领域技术人员可以根据具体需要灵活调整，对此不作限制。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶中可以混合有增塑剂。所述增塑剂采用脂肪族二元酸酯类增塑剂、苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂(例如，包括邻苯二甲酸酯类、对苯二甲酸酯类)、苯多酸酯类增塑剂、苯甲酸酯类增塑剂、多元醇酯类增塑剂、氯化烃类增塑剂、环氧类增塑剂、柠檬酸酯类增塑剂以及聚酯类增塑剂中的至少一种。
增塑剂的分子比聚硫橡胶分子小得多，它们活动比较容易，可以很方便 的提供链段活动所需要的空间，降低材料的玻璃化转变温度，增加材料的耐寒性能，并且改善材料的加工性能。而过量的增塑剂会从材料内部析出，反而会降低材料的力学性性能。随着增塑剂用量的增加，材料的玻璃化转变温度降低。
在一种实施方式中，在所述聚硫橡胶自身的质量份数为100份的情况下，可选地，所述增塑剂自身的质量份数为1-10份，即所述增塑剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的1％-10％。实际上，随着增塑剂用量的增加，聚硫橡胶材料的玻璃化转变温度降低，但相应的，聚硫橡胶材料的拉伸强度也会降低。当增塑剂含量为12时，聚硫橡胶材料拉伸强度大幅下降。此外，过量的增塑剂会从聚硫橡胶材料内部析出，降低聚硫橡胶材料的力学性能。在增塑剂自身的质量份数符合上述范围时，能够保证聚硫橡胶的性能能够满足振膜的性能要求。优选地是，所述增塑剂自身的质量份数为3-7份，即所述增塑剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的3％-7％。当然，本领域技术人员可以根据具体需要灵活调整，对此不作限制。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶中可以混合有内脱模剂。所述内脱模剂采用硬脂酸、十八烷基胺、磷酸烷基酯、α-十八烷基-ω-羟基聚氧乙烯磷酸酯中的至少一种。
聚硫橡胶的门尼粘度和生胶强度相对都较低。而这一性能特点会导致聚硫橡胶在注塑加工工艺中出现粘辊、粘模等工艺问题。本发明通过在聚硫橡胶的胶料中加入内脱模剂的方式，改善其加工性能。
如果内脱模剂的混合量较少，则难以达到改善粘膜问题。但是如果内脱模剂混合量过大，则容易导致聚硫橡胶在后期制备振膜时与胶层的粘接力下降，使最终制成的振膜的性能受到不利影响。在本发明的实施方式中，在所述聚硫橡胶的质量份数为100份的情况下，所述内脱模剂自身的质量份数可选为0.5-5份，即所述内脱模剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的0.5％-5％。优选地是，所述内脱模剂自身的质量份数为1-3份，即所述内脱模剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的1％-3％。当然，本领域技术人员可以根据具体需要灵活调整，对此不作限制。
可选地，所述聚硫橡胶中可以混合有交联剂。所述交联剂采用硫磺、秋兰姆多硫化物中的至少一种。
所述硫磺可以缩短硫化时间，提高硫化胶的硬度、抗压缩变形以及弹性模量。
所述秋兰姆多硫化物采用一硫化四甲基秋兰姆、二硫化四甲基秋兰姆、二硫化四乙基秋兰姆、二硫化四丁基秋兰姆、二硫化二异丁基秋兰姆、四硫化双(1，5-亚戊基)秋兰姆中的至少一种。
所述秋兰姆多硫化物是无硫体系的硫化剂，单独使用便可直接硫化橡胶。在升温至硫化温度后，含硫的化合物裂解出活性硫，由于硫化物的结构不同所含的硫量也不尽相同。在硫化过程中，含硫的化合物受热裂解为自由基，然后与聚硫橡胶中的α-次甲基作用，按自由基链反应完成硫化作用。在没有氧化锌存在的情况下分解为二甲胺和二硫化碳，分解的产物有促进橡胶氧化的作用，老化性能严重下降。在有氧化锌存在的情况下，可反应生成二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸锌，这个物质对橡胶抗老化性能有着积极作用。
需要说明的是，交联剂以及所产生的交联点能够决定聚硫橡胶的交联程度。在一定范围内时，交联点越多，交联剂用量越大，交联程度越高。但是，交联程度过高会导致分子链越难运动，导致聚硫橡胶的玻璃化转变温度升高，阻尼因子增大。并且，聚硫橡胶材料力学强度越高，断裂伸长率和弹性回复率下降。本领域技术人员可以根据具体需要对交联剂的用量进行合理的控制。
可选地，所述振膜的玻璃化转变温度范围为：-70-0℃。由于聚硫橡胶自身具有较高的分子量(例如，分子量可高达1000-500000)，并且其分子链较柔顺，具有较好的耐低温性能。振膜满足上述玻璃化转变温度的范围时，使得该发声装置的振膜在常温下能够保持高弹态，回弹性良好。在一定范围，玻璃化转变温度越低，振膜即可在更低的温度下正常工作。在振膜的厚度不变的情况下，玻璃化转变温度越低，所装配的发声装置的谐振频率F0越低。其中，可以通过改变聚硫橡胶中混合的无机填料补强剂含量以及增塑剂含量来调整材料的玻璃化转变温度。
在一种实施方式中，本发明提供的振膜的玻璃化转变温度优选地是-50-0℃。该振膜不仅在常温下能够保持高弹态，回弹性良好。更重要的是，即使在低于0℃以下时，发声装置的振膜工作时仍然可以保持较好的橡胶 弹性，从而使发声装置表现出较高的音质。同时，降低了在低温环境中发声装置振膜破坏的风险，可靠性更高。
可选地，所述振膜的断裂伸长率大于100％。优选地，所述振膜的断裂伸长率大于150％。本发明的振膜具有较高的断裂伸长率，这使得振膜在发声装置中使用时不易出现破膜等可靠性问题。
在相同的应力下，本发明实施例提供的振膜的应变明显大于现有技术的PEEK振膜。这表明：本发明实施例提供的振膜的杨氏模量明显小于现有技术的PEEK振膜。
此外，现有技术的PEEK振膜形成了明显的屈服点，约在应变0.4-0.5％。而本发明提供的发声装置振膜不存在屈服点。这表明：本发明提供的振膜具有更宽的弹性区域，并且回弹性能优良。
采用聚硫橡胶制成的振膜具有良好的柔韧性。例如，其断裂伸长率≥100％。其中，聚硫橡胶分子链对断裂伸长率有着非常重要影响,本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要进行选择。这使得发声装置振膜的振动位移更大，响度更大。并且可靠性、耐用性良好。聚硫橡胶材料的柔韧性越好，断裂伸长率越大，则振膜抵抗破坏的能力越强。当振膜处于大振幅状态振动时，聚硫橡胶材料产生了较大的应变，长时间振动时会出现膜折、膜裂或破膜的风险。而以聚硫橡胶作为基材的本发明的振膜，其具有良好的柔韧性，降低了振膜破坏的风险。断裂伸长率越高，振膜在长期使用中的破膜率越低。
相对于工程塑料，本发明提供的聚硫橡胶材料具有更宽的弹性区域，当振膜的应变发生在该区域时，待外力去除后，振膜具有优异的回复性。相应地，振膜在振动过程中，摇摆振动少，音质和听音稳定性更优。进一步地，本发明提供的振膜可在高温下连续使用，并且具有相较于现有材料更高的阻尼性能。由于振膜的回弹性良好，故使得发声装置具有较好的瞬态响应和较低的失真。
如图1所示，本发明提供的振膜相对于现有技术的PEEK振膜，具有更低的THD(总谐波失真)。这表明：本发明提供的振膜具有更优异的抗偏振能力，并且音质更佳。
本发明提供的振膜，其在室温下处于高弹态，分子链易于运动，分子间摩擦力大，具有较好的阻尼性能。可选地，在室温下，所述振膜的损耗因子大于0.06。优异的阻尼性能，能够使振膜具有更低的阻抗。所述振膜的阻尼性提高，发声装置的振动系统在振动过程中抑制偏振现象的能力得到增强，振动一致性良好。而现有的工程塑料制成的振膜的阻尼低，其损耗因子通常是小于0.01，阻尼性较小。
优选地，本发明提供的振膜的损耗因子大于0.1。
图2是根据本发明的一个实施例的发声装置的振膜不同部位在不同频率下振动位移的测试曲线。图3是现有常规振膜的不同部位在不同频率下振动位移的测试曲线。
其中，所述振膜为矩形折环振膜。横坐标为频率(Hz),纵坐标为响度位移量(mm)。在振膜的中心部的边缘位置以及中心位置取点进行测试。
可以看出，图2中的各个曲线更集中，而图3中的各个曲线较为分散。这表明：本发明实施例提供的振膜的各个部分的振动一致性更好，在振动过程中，振膜的摇摆振动少，音质和听音稳定性更加优良。
本发明提供的振膜，其邵氏硬度范围在30-95A。发声装置的谐振频率F0与振膜的模量、硬度以及厚度呈正比，而对于聚硫橡胶材料而言，其模量与硬度呈正比。因此，可以用硬度来体现振膜的模量。
一方面，聚硫橡胶材料的强度和硬度可以通过补强剂调节。另一方面，分子链量的增加，会使得分子间氢键增多，进而使聚硫橡胶材料的强度和硬度增大、交联点增多。聚硫橡胶材料的强度和硬度越高，则制备出的振膜的F0就越高，相应的，发声装置的响度会有所降低，低音性能变差。图4为相同厚度而不同硬度振膜的阻抗曲线。由图4可以看出，随着硬度增大，发声装置的谐振频率F0急剧增大。
本发明提供的发声装置的振膜例如可以为折环振膜或者平板振膜。该发声装置的谐振频率F0正比于振膜的杨氏模量和厚度，可以通过改变发声装置振膜的厚度以及杨氏模量来实现F0的变化，具体调节原理如下：
Figure PCTCN2019128174-appb-000005
其中，Mms为发声装置的等效振动质量，Cms为发声装置的等效顺性：
Figure PCTCN2019128174-appb-000006
其中，C m1为弹波顺性,C m2为振膜顺性。无弹波设计时，发声装置的等效顺性即为振膜顺性：
Figure PCTCN2019128174-appb-000007
其中，W为振膜的折环部的总宽度，t为膜片厚度；dvc为振膜音圈贴合外径；E为振膜材质的杨氏模量；u为振膜材质的泊松比。
可以看出，发声装置的谐振频率F0正比于振膜的模量和厚度。而振膜的模量又正比于其硬度。因此，可以采用硬度替代其模量。为得到饱满的低音和舒适的听感，在发声装置具有较低的谐振频率F0的同时，应使振膜具有足够的刚度和阻尼。本领域技术人员可以通过调节扬声器振膜的硬度以及厚度来调节F0的大小。
所述振膜的邵氏硬度优选为30-80A，所述振膜的厚度为30-120μm。在上述优选的范围内，能够使得发声装置的谐振频率F0达到150-1500Hz。发声装置的低频性能优良。
可选地，本发明提供的振膜可以为单层结构，也可以为多层的复合振膜。其中，所述单层振膜是由一层聚硫橡胶膜层构成的振膜。所述复合振膜则是由多层聚硫橡胶膜层依次层叠形成的振膜。或者，所述复合振膜可以包括至少一层聚硫橡胶膜层，该聚硫橡胶膜层与其它材料制成的膜层粘接复合，构成多种材料制成的复合振膜。另外，多层膜层之间可以通过热压等方式进行复合，进而构成上述复合振膜。所述复合振膜可以为两层、三层、四层或五层复合振膜，本发明对此不进行限制。所述复合振膜中至少有一层膜层是采用本发明提供的聚硫橡胶制成的聚硫橡胶膜层。
对于聚硫橡胶膜层，其厚度可选为10-200μm。优选为30-120μm。聚硫橡胶膜层的厚度在该范围内时，能够更好的满足发声装置的性能要求 和装配空间的要求。
另外，振膜的厚度会影响其声学性能。一般情况下，较低的厚度会影响振膜的可靠性，而较大的厚度则会影响到振膜的灵敏度。因此，本发明提供的振膜厚度例如可以控制在30μm-120μm。当单层聚硫橡胶振膜的厚度范围为30μm-120μm时，所述的厚度范围能够使得发声装置振膜的灵敏度都更高，振膜的弹性性能和刚性性能都能符合发声装置的制作要求。特别是，可以应用在微型发声装置中。并且，振膜作为发声装置中最为薄弱的原件，在反复震动过程中，能保证长时间的正常使用，进而延长发声装置的使用寿命。
本发明还给出了本发明提供的振膜的一个具体实施方式与现有常规振膜的对比曲线图，如图5所示。图5示出了两种振膜在不同频率下响度的测试曲线(SPL曲线)。其中，振膜为折环振膜。横坐标为频率(Hz),纵坐标为响度。
在图5中，虚线为本发明提供的振膜的测试曲线。实线为常规振膜的测试曲线。由SPL曲线可以看出，两种振膜的中频性能相近。而采用本发明提供的振膜的发声装置的F0为832Hz。采用常规振膜的发声装置的F0为926Hz。这表明，本发明提供的振膜的低频灵敏度高于现有的PEEK振膜。也就是说，采用本发明提供的振膜，能够使发声装置具有更高的响度和舒适度。
本发明提供振膜，其是将聚硫橡胶材料与助剂混合，再经热压方式一体成型制得，其成型温度须高于橡胶硫化温度。本发明提供的振膜制备方法简单，在高低温极端条件下可正常使用，同时兼顾振膜振动所需的刚度、回弹性以及阻尼性。
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种发声装置。
所述发声装置包括发声装置主体和上述采用聚硫橡胶制成的振膜。所述聚硫橡胶可以是A型聚硫橡胶、FA型聚硫橡胶以及ST型聚硫橡胶中的任意一种，本发明对此不进行限制。所述振膜设置在所述发声装置主体上，所述振膜被配置为能够被驱动振动，通过振动进而产生声音。所述发声装置主体中可以配置有线圈、磁路系统等部件，通过电磁感应驱动所述振膜振动。本发明提供的发声装置具有优异的声学性能。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种发声装置的振膜，其特征在于：所述振膜包括至少一层弹性体层，其中，所述弹性体层采用聚硫橡胶制成；
    所述聚硫橡胶采用A型聚硫橡胶、FA型聚硫橡胶、ST型聚硫橡胶中的任意一种；
    所述聚硫橡胶的分子量为1000-500000。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述聚硫橡胶的分子结构式如下：
    Figure PCTCN2019128174-appb-100001
    以上分子结构式中，R为二价有机基团；
    L为聚硫橡胶分子链段；
    X采用硫醇基、羟基、卤素、氨基、酰胺中任意一种；
    m为1或2。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述R包括如下任意一种二价有机基团：
    -H 2C-CH 2-CH 2-
    Figure PCTCN2019128174-appb-100002
    -H 2C-CH 2-CH 2-O-CH 2-CH 2(OH)-CH 2-。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述聚硫橡胶中混合有无机填料补强剂，所述无机填料补强剂采用炭黑、白炭黑、纳米钛白粉、滑石粉、沉淀碳酸钙、硫酸钡中的至少一种，所述无机填料补强剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的15％-90％。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述无机填料补强剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的30％-70％。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述聚硫橡胶中混合有防老剂，所述防老剂采用防老剂N-445、防老剂246、防老剂4010、防老剂SP、防老剂RD、防老剂ODA、防老剂OD、防老剂WH-02中的至少一种，所述防老剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的0.5％-10％。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述防老剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的1％-5％。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述聚硫橡胶中混合有增塑剂，所述增塑剂采用脂肪族二元酸酯类增塑剂、苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂、苯多酸酯类增塑剂、苯甲酸酯类增塑剂、多元醇酯类增塑剂、氯化烃类增塑剂、环氧类增塑剂、柠檬酸酯类增塑剂、聚酯类增塑剂中的至少一种，所述增塑剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的1％-10％。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述增塑剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的3％-7％。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述聚硫橡胶中混合有内脱模剂，所述内脱模剂采用硬脂酸、十八烷基胺、磷酸烷基酯、α-十八烷基-ω-羟基聚氧乙烯磷酸酯中的至少一种，所述内脱模剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的0.5％-5％。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述内脱模剂的含量为所述聚硫橡胶总量的1％-3％。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述聚硫橡胶中混合 有交联剂，所述交联剂采用硫磺、秋兰姆多硫化物中的至少一种。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述秋兰姆多硫化物采用一硫化四甲基秋兰姆、二硫化四甲基秋兰姆、二硫化四乙基秋兰姆、二硫化四丁基秋兰姆、二硫化二异丁基秋兰姆、四硫化双(1，5-亚戊基)秋兰姆中的至少一种。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述振膜为单层振膜，所述单层振膜采用一层聚硫橡胶膜层构成；或者是，
    所述振膜为复合振膜，所述复合振膜包括两层、三层、四层或五层膜层，所述复合振膜至少包括一层聚硫橡胶膜层。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述聚硫橡胶膜层的厚度为10μm-200μm。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述聚硫橡胶膜层的厚度为30μm-120μm。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述聚硫橡胶的硬度为30-95A。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述聚硫橡胶的玻璃化转变温度为-70-0℃。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述聚硫橡胶在室温下损耗因子大于0.06。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的振膜，其特征在于：所述聚硫橡胶的断裂伸长率大于100％。
  21. 一种发声装置，其特征在于，包括发声装置主体以及权利要求1-20任意一项所述的振膜，所述振膜设置在所述发声装置主体上，所述振膜被配置为能振动发声。
PCT/CN2019/128174 2019-10-31 2019-12-25 一种发声装置的振膜以及发声装置 WO2021082255A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/767,561 US20240114291A1 (en) 2019-10-31 2019-12-25 Vibrating diaphragm of sound-producing apparatus and sound-producing apparatus
KR1020217035158A KR102636232B1 (ko) 2019-10-31 2019-12-25 음향 발생 장치의 진동판 및 음향 발생 장치

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911058555.0A CN110784807B (zh) 2019-10-31 2019-10-31 一种发声装置的振膜以及发声装置
CN201911058555.0 2019-10-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021082255A1 true WO2021082255A1 (zh) 2021-05-06

Family

ID=69388538

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2019/128174 WO2021082255A1 (zh) 2019-10-31 2019-12-25 一种发声装置的振膜以及发声装置

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20240114291A1 (zh)
KR (1) KR102636232B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN110784807B (zh)
WO (1) WO2021082255A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023029721A1 (zh) * 2021-08-31 2023-03-09 歌尔股份有限公司 发声装置的振膜及其发声装置

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111923526A (zh) * 2020-09-23 2020-11-13 歌尔股份有限公司 一种扬声器的复合振膜及其制备方法、扬声器
CN111935602B (zh) * 2020-09-23 2021-01-22 歌尔股份有限公司 一种发声装置的振膜及其制备方法、发声装置
CN111923527A (zh) * 2020-09-23 2020-11-13 歌尔股份有限公司 一种扬声器的复合振膜及其制备方法、扬声器
CN114827874B (zh) * 2021-01-29 2023-07-14 歌尔股份有限公司 振膜及发声装置
CN114071329B (zh) * 2021-10-29 2024-08-20 歌尔股份有限公司 发声装置的振膜及发声装置
CN115216265B (zh) * 2022-08-15 2023-07-04 郑州中原思蓝德高科股份有限公司 一种耐疲劳防火阻燃型组合物以及防护材料

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2087688A (en) * 1980-10-31 1982-05-26 Hohyu Rubber Co Ltd Diaphragm for loudspeaker
CN106817658A (zh) * 2017-01-12 2017-06-09 瑞声科技(沭阳)有限公司 振膜及发声器件
CN110370701A (zh) * 2019-07-31 2019-10-25 深圳月步文化科技有限公司 一种橡胶材料的制备方法和鞋底

Family Cites Families (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5349091A (en) * 1993-04-27 1994-09-20 Morton International, Inc. Process for recycling cured polysulfide sealants
JPH09107595A (ja) * 1995-10-09 1997-04-22 Foster Electric Co Ltd 電気音響変換器用振動板
JPWO2002101885A1 (ja) * 2001-06-08 2004-09-30 信越ポリマー株式会社 電気音響部品用コネクタ及びその接続構造
JP3960474B2 (ja) * 2002-04-01 2007-08-15 パイオニア株式会社 スピーカ用エッジ及びその形成方法
JP4203718B2 (ja) * 2002-10-31 2009-01-07 東レ・ダウコーニング株式会社 含ケイ素ポリサルファイド系重合体の製造方法
EP1879938B1 (en) * 2005-05-02 2012-04-18 Cytec Surface Specialties, S.A. Radiation curable urethane (meth)acrylate polymer and adhesives formulated with them
US8991643B2 (en) * 2011-03-29 2015-03-31 Graham Packaging Company, L.P. Closure for use in hotfill and pasteurization applications
US8512442B2 (en) * 2011-05-23 2013-08-20 Aaron Oken Selective polysulfide composite membrane
CN103601928B (zh) * 2013-11-13 2015-06-03 湖北三江航天江河化工科技有限公司 一种高强度丁腈橡胶材料
JP6591422B2 (ja) * 2013-12-27 2019-10-16 株式会社ブリヂストン メルカプト官能性シロキサンを含む組成物から調製した加硫ゴム及びタイヤ部品
JP6335680B2 (ja) * 2014-06-25 2018-05-30 三菱鉛筆株式会社 炭素質音響振動板およびスピーカユニット
WO2016010127A1 (ja) * 2014-07-18 2016-01-21 ダイキン工業株式会社 フィルム及びその製造方法
CN104703100A (zh) * 2015-03-11 2015-06-10 歌尔声学股份有限公司 一种振膜以及一种扬声器装置
CN104853303B (zh) * 2015-04-14 2018-07-24 歌尔股份有限公司 一种制备硅胶振膜的方法和硅胶振膜
CN106954153B (zh) * 2015-08-13 2020-04-14 深圳市韶音科技有限公司 骨传导扬声器
DK3337185T3 (da) * 2015-08-13 2021-08-23 Shenzhen Voxtech Co Ltd Knogleledningshøjtaler
KR20180133403A (ko) * 2016-04-05 2018-12-14 에이지씨 가부시키가이샤 유리판 구성체
CN114143671B (zh) * 2016-09-06 2024-07-02 三菱化学株式会社 电声变换器用振动片边缘材料、电声变换器用振动片、微型扬声器振动片、以及膜
CN107129687A (zh) * 2017-05-19 2017-09-05 歌尔股份有限公司 振膜、振膜组件以及振膜和振膜组件的制备方法
CN107286409A (zh) * 2017-06-22 2017-10-24 瑞声科技(新加坡)有限公司 折环及其制备方法以及应用该折环的音膜、电声器件
CN108276740B (zh) * 2017-12-22 2020-08-25 歌尔股份有限公司 用于发声装置的振膜、振膜的制备方法以及发声装置
CN110105762A (zh) * 2019-05-08 2019-08-09 苏州松之叶精密机械配件有限公司 一种聚硫橡胶密封圈的制备方法
CN110283389A (zh) * 2019-06-14 2019-09-27 歌尔股份有限公司 一种发声装置的振膜以及发声装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2087688A (en) * 1980-10-31 1982-05-26 Hohyu Rubber Co Ltd Diaphragm for loudspeaker
CN106817658A (zh) * 2017-01-12 2017-06-09 瑞声科技(沭阳)有限公司 振膜及发声器件
CN110370701A (zh) * 2019-07-31 2019-10-25 深圳月步文化科技有限公司 一种橡胶材料的制备方法和鞋底

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023029721A1 (zh) * 2021-08-31 2023-03-09 歌尔股份有限公司 发声装置的振膜及其发声装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR102636232B1 (ko) 2024-02-13
KR20210146989A (ko) 2021-12-06
CN110784807B (zh) 2021-07-06
US20240114291A1 (en) 2024-04-04
CN110784807A (zh) 2020-02-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2021082255A1 (zh) 一种发声装置的振膜以及发声装置
CN110708638B (zh) 一种用于微型发声装置的振膜及微型发声装置
KR102666673B1 (ko) 사운드 발생 장치용 다이어프램 및 사운드 발생 장치
WO2020216171A1 (zh) 一种用于微型发声装置的振膜和微型发声装置
WO2021082253A1 (zh) 一种发声装置的振膜以及发声装置
WO2021082254A1 (zh) 一种发声装置的振膜以及发声装置
CN110708637B (zh) 一种用于微型发声装置的振膜及微型发声装置
WO2020216170A1 (zh) 一种用于微型发声装置的振膜和微型发声装置
WO2021082244A1 (zh) 一种用于微型发声装置的振膜及微型发声装置
WO2020216168A1 (zh) 一种用于微型发声装置的振膜和微型发声装置
WO2020216172A1 (zh) 一种微型发声装置
CN110798779B (zh) 一种用于微型发声装置的振膜及微型发声装置
CN110708639B (zh) 一种用于微型发声装置的振膜以及微型发声装置
CN110798780B (zh) 一种用于微型发声装置的振膜以及微型发声装置
KR102714425B1 (ko) 음향 발생 장치의 진동판 및 음향 발생 장치
WO2020216195A1 (zh) 一种用于微型发声装置的振膜和微型发声装置
WO2020216196A1 (zh) 一种用于微型发声装置的振膜和微型发声装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 19950376

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 20217035158

Country of ref document: KR

Kind code of ref document: A

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 17767561

Country of ref document: US

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 19950376

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1