CN108276740B - 用于发声装置的振膜、振膜的制备方法以及发声装置 - Google Patents

用于发声装置的振膜、振膜的制备方法以及发声装置 Download PDF

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CN108276740B
CN108276740B CN201711407909.9A CN201711407909A CN108276740B CN 108276740 B CN108276740 B CN 108276740B CN 201711407909 A CN201711407909 A CN 201711407909A CN 108276740 B CN108276740 B CN 108276740B
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diaphragm
thermoplastic polyester
polyester elastomer
modifier
temperature
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CN108276740A (zh
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周厚强
王婷
吴增勋
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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Priority to CN201711407909.9A priority Critical patent/CN108276740B/zh
Publication of CN108276740A publication Critical patent/CN108276740A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/110160 priority patent/WO2019119941A1/zh
Priority to US16/956,708 priority patent/US20200336852A1/en
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    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于发声装置的振膜、振膜的制备方法以及发声装置。该振膜包括至少一层改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层，其中，改性剂为耐温树脂、无机填料和抗老剂中的至少一种，所述改性剂被添加到热塑性聚酯弹性体材料中。在本发明实施例中，通过在制作膜层时向热塑性聚酯弹性体材料中添加改性剂，并使改性剂充分混合，从而达到改善成型后的振膜的耐温性的目的。

Description

用于发声装置的振膜、振膜的制备方法以及发声装置
技术领域
本发明涉及电声转换技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种用于发声装置的振膜、振膜的制备方法以及发声装置。
背景技术
为获得优越的综合性能，现有扬声器振膜多采用复合结构材料。例如，复合结构材料包括三层，其中，以耐温好、模量高的工程塑料(PEEK、PAR、PET、PI、PEI)作为基材层，以丙烯酸胶、硅胶作为阻尼层，以热塑性聚酯弹性体(TPEE)材料作为回弹层。
热塑性聚酯弹性体(TPEE)能够有效的提高振膜回弹性，减少振膜膜折，降低振膜突然振动过程中产生的失真问题。
然而，热塑性聚酯弹性体材料熔点为180-220℃。这使得振膜在做高温可靠性验证时，在该温度范围内，热塑性聚酯弹性体层会发生熔融，从而导致破膜。
因此，需要提供一种振膜，以改善振膜的耐温性。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于发声装置的振膜的新技术方案。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种用于发声装置的振膜。该振膜包括至少一层改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层，其中，改性剂为耐温树脂、无机填料和抗老剂中的至少一种，所述改性剂被添加到热塑性聚酯弹性体材料中。
可选地，所述耐温树脂为聚邻苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚邻萘二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸1，4环己烷二甲酯中的至少一种。
可选地，所述无机填料为滑石粉、碳酸钙、玻璃纤维、碳纤维、玻璃微珠和云母中的至少一种。
可选地，在所述改性剂包括耐温树脂和无机填料中的至少一种的条件下，所述改性剂还包括用于提高所述耐温树脂和所述无机填料中的至少一种与热塑性聚酯弹性体材料之间的结合强度的偶联剂。
可选地，所述偶联剂选自硅烷偶联剂、环氧高分子偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂中的至少一种。
可选地，所述改性剂的添加量占改性热塑性聚酯弹性体材料的总质量的百分数小于或等于40％。
可选地，在所述振膜包括两层所述改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层的条件下，所述振膜还包括位于两层所述改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层之间的阻尼胶层。
可选地，在所述振膜包括一层所述改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层的条件下，所述振膜还包括与所述改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层贴合在一起的塑料基材层。
可选地，在所述振膜包括一层所述改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层的条件下，所述振膜还包括塑料基材层和位于所述改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层和所述塑料基材层之间的阻尼胶层。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种振膜的制备方法。该方法包括：
提供热塑性聚酯弹性体材料和改性剂，其中，改性剂为耐温树脂、无机填料和抗老剂中的至少一种；
将所述改性剂添加到所述热塑性聚酯弹性体材料中，并混合均匀；
将混合后的物料进行成型，以形成振膜。
可选地，所述将所述改性剂添加到所述热塑性聚酯弹性体材料中，并混合均匀，包括：将热塑性所述聚酯弹性体材料和所述改性剂添加到双螺杆挤出机中，进行熔融共混，以形成均匀的熔体；或者
将所述热塑性聚酯弹性体材料和所述改性剂混合，并制备成母粒；将所述母粒和热塑性聚酯弹性体材料加入单螺杆挤出机中进行熔融共混，以形成均匀的熔体。
根据本发明的又一个方面，提供了一种发声装置。该发声装置包括本发明提供的所述用于发声装置的振膜。
本发明的发明人发现，在现有技术中，热塑性聚酯弹性体材料(TPEE)的熔点低，在高温使用时容易发生熔融，从而导致破膜。因此，本发明所要实现的技术任务或者所要解决的技术问题是本领域技术人员从未想到的或者没有预期到的，故本发明是一种新的技术方案。
在本发明实施例中，通过在制作膜层时向热塑性聚酯弹性体材料中添加改性剂，并使改性剂充分混合，从而达到改善成型后的振膜的耐温性的目的。其中，耐温树脂和无机填料能够与热塑性聚酯弹性体材料结合在一起，从而提高改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层的熔融温度，以改善材料的耐温性。抗老剂能够延缓热塑性聚酯弹性体材料老化的速度，从而改善材料的耐温性。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的单层振膜的结构示意图。
图2是根据本发明的一个实施例的双层结构振膜的结构示意图。
图3-4是根据本发明的一个实施例的三层结构振膜的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
11：改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层；12：阻尼胶层；13：塑料基材层。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的单层振膜的结构示意图。图2是根据本发明的一个实施例的双层结构振膜的结构示意图。图3-4是根据本发明的一个实施例的三层结构振膜的结构示意图。
如图1所示，一种用于发声装置的振膜。该振膜包括至少一层改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层11。其中，改性剂为耐温树脂、无机填料和抗老剂中的至少一种，改性剂被添加到热塑性聚酯弹性体材料中。改性剂能够改善热塑性聚酯弹性体材料的耐温性。耐温性是指材料的耐高温性能，即在设定的温度下保持结构强度的特性。例如，220℃以上。
在本发明实施例中，通过在制作膜层时向热塑性聚酯弹性体材料(TPEE)中添加改性剂，并使改性剂充分混合，从而达到改善成型后的振膜的耐温性的目的。其中，耐温树脂和无机填料能够与热塑性聚酯弹性体材料结合在一起，从而提高改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层11的熔融温度，以改善材料的耐温性。抗老剂能够延缓热塑性聚酯弹性体材料老化的速度，，从而改善材料的耐温性。
本发明还提供了一种振膜的制备方法。该方法包括：
S1、提供热塑性聚酯弹性体材料和改性剂，其中，改性剂为耐温树脂、无机填料和抗老剂中的至少一种；其中，耐温树脂、无机填料和抗老剂可以采用但不局限于本发明实施例公开的材料；
S2、将改性剂添加到热塑性聚酯弹性体材料中，并混合均匀；
S3、将混合后的物料进行成型，以形成振膜。
该方法具有工序简单，成型质量好，速度快的特点。
在一个例子中，S2步骤包括：
将热塑性聚酯弹性体材料和改性剂添加到双螺杆挤出机中，进行熔融共混，以形成均匀的熔体；
在该方法中，热塑性聚酯弹性体材料和改性剂经过双螺杆挤出机一次加工形成熔体，这种方法的加工速度快。
优选地，在熔融共混之前还包括将热塑性聚酯弹性体材料和改性剂进行干燥。通过干燥能有效去除热塑性聚酯弹性体材料和改性剂中的水分，避免水分在成型过程中对振膜的表面造成不利影响。
在另一个例子中，S2步骤包括：
首先，将热塑性聚酯弹性体材料和改性剂混合，并制备成母粒。
然后，将母粒和热塑性聚酯弹性体材料加入单螺杆挤出机中进行熔融共混，以形成均匀的熔体。
在该方法中，首先，将热塑性聚酯弹性体材料和改性剂混合后制备成母粒。例如，采用双螺杆挤出机制备成母粒。双螺杆挤出机能制备高浓度的母粒。然后，采用单螺杆挤出机对热塑性聚酯弹性体材料和母粒进行进一步加工，以制备成振膜。与双螺杆挤出机相比，单螺杆挤出机的结构简单，成本低。
这种方法降低了制备振膜的厂商的设备成本。制作母粒的过程和熔融共混制备振膜的过程可以分别由两个生产厂商进行。制备振膜的生产厂商只需直接采购母粒，并利用单螺杆挤出机将母粒和热塑性聚酯弹性体材料进行进一步加工即可，而不用更换结构更复杂，造价更高的双螺杆挤出机。
同样地，在熔融共混之前还包括将热塑性聚酯弹性体材料和改性剂进行干燥。通过干燥能有效去除热塑性聚酯弹性体材料和改性剂中的水分，避免水分在成型过程中对振膜的表面造成不利影响。
上述两种方法能够形成厚度均一，质量稳定的膜层。
可选地，在S3步骤中，采用流延法将熔体形成膜层。
本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要设置热塑性聚酯弹性体材料和改性剂的种类、用量等。
在一个例子中，耐温树脂是指在设定的温度下不易熔融的树脂。例如，耐温树脂的熔融温度高于240℃，熔融指数为1-20g/10min。可选地，耐温树脂为聚邻苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚邻萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)和聚对苯二甲酸1，4环己烷二甲酯(PCT)中的至少一种。上述耐温树脂与热塑性聚酯弹性体材料的结合强度高，能够显著提高材料的熔融温度。
本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择耐温树脂的种类、配比等。
无机填料具有较高的熔点。可选地，无机填料为滑石粉、碳酸钙、玻璃纤维、碳纤维、玻璃微珠和云母中的至少一种。上述无机填料以粉体的形式添加到热塑性聚酯弹性体材料中。这些无机填料与热塑性聚酯弹性体材料的结合强度高，能够显著提高材料的熔融温度。
本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择无机填料的种类、配比等。
耐温树脂和无机填料与热塑性聚酯弹性体材料之间存在设定的结合力。结合力越强则改性后的热塑性聚酯弹性体材料的熔融温度越高，材料的耐温性越好。
在一个优选的例子中，在改性剂包括耐温树脂和无机填料中的至少一种的条件下，改性剂还包括用于提高耐温树脂和无机填料中的至少一种与热塑性聚酯弹性体材料之间的结合强度的偶联剂。偶联剂可以使耐温树脂和/或无机填料与热塑性弹性体之间物理偶联，从而提高结合力。
在该例子中，偶联剂能够显著提高热塑性聚酯弹性与耐温树脂和/或无机填料之间的结合力。例如，范德华力和氢键等。结合力越高则材料的熔融温度越高。偶联剂的加入能显著提高材料的熔融温度。
可选地，偶联剂选自硅烷偶联剂、环氧高分子偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂中的至少一种。上述偶联与耐温树脂和无机填料的相容性良好，结合力高。
本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择偶联剂的种类、配比等。
抗老剂能够抗热条件老化以及氧化老化。在热塑性聚酯弹性体材料中加入抗老剂能够延缓材料的老化速度，从而提高材料的耐温性。本领域技术人员可以选择本领域常用的抗老剂。
可选地，抗老剂为抗氧剂。例如，抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂168中的至少一种。上述抗氧剂能减缓材料的热条件老化、氧化老化速度，改善材料的耐温性。
改性剂的含量越高，则膜层的耐温性越好，但膜层的结构强度会变差。
优选地，改性剂的添加量占改性热塑性聚酯弹性体材料的总质量的百分数小于或等于40％。
本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要设置振膜的结构。
在一个例子中，如图1所示，振膜为单层膜结构。该膜层由改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层11制作而成。该振膜结构简单，强度高，耐温性良好。
在一个例子中，如图3所示，振膜为复合结构。在振膜包括两层改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层11的条件下，振膜还包括位于两层改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层11之间的阻尼胶层12。在该例子中，由于阻尼胶层12具有粘性，能够与其他膜层形成粘结力，故在制作时，可以直接将改性热塑性弹性体层贴合在阻尼胶层12上。
该振膜具有耐温性良好，阻尼效果好，容易加工的特点。
在一个例子中，如图2所示，振膜为复合结构。在振膜包括一层改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层11的条件下，振膜还包括与改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层11贴合在一起的塑料基材层13。在该例子中，可以采用热压贴合的方法将改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层11和塑料基材层13热压到一起。
该振膜具有耐温性良好，结构强度高的特点。
在一个例子中，如图4所示，振膜为复合结构。在振膜包括一层改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层11的条件下，振膜还包括塑料基材层13和位于改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层11和塑料基材层13之间的阻尼胶层12。
在该例子中，可以直接将改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层11和塑料基材层13分别粘接到阻尼胶层12的上、下侧。振膜的制作十分简单。
该振膜具有耐温性良好、阻尼效果好、结构强度高的特点。
优选地，在上述例子中，塑料基材层13为聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚芳酯(PAR)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)中的至少一种。上述材料具有加工难度低，成型效果好，结构强度高的特点。
本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择塑料基材层13的种类、配比等。
在其他示例中，为了提高振膜的综合性能，还可以在熔融共混时加入增塑剂、增容剂、热稳定剂、光稳定剂、润滑剂、阻燃剂等助剂。本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要选择本领域常用的助剂，以及用量。
当然，振膜的层数在此不做限定。振膜还可以包括四个膜层、五个膜层等，只要包括至少一层改性热塑性弹性体层即可。
根据本发明的另一个实施例，提供了一种发声装置。该发声装置包括本发明提供的用于发声装置的振膜。
在一个例子中，发声装置包括振动系统和磁路系统。振动系统包括振膜和与振膜连接的音圈。可选地，振膜为平板振膜或者折环振膜。其中，折环振膜包括中心部，围绕中心部设置的折环部以及围绕折环部设置的边缘部。音圈被粘接在中心部。磁路系统用于形成磁场。音圈的自由端位于磁场中。磁路系统和振动系统的作用原理为本领域公知常识，在此不做详细说明。
该发声装置具有使用温度范围宽，发声效果好，耐用性好的特点。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，包括至少一层改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层，其中，改性剂为耐温树脂，或耐温树脂与无机填料，或耐温树脂与抗老剂，所述改性剂被添加到热塑性聚酯弹性体材料中；所述耐温树脂为聚邻苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚邻萘二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸1，4环己烷二甲酯中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，所述无机填料为滑石粉、碳酸钙、玻璃纤维、碳纤维、玻璃微珠和云母中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，在所述改性剂包括耐温树脂与无机填料的条件下，所述改性剂还包括用于提高所述耐温树脂和所述无机填料中的至少一种与热塑性聚酯弹性体材料之间的结合强度的偶联剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，所述偶联剂选自硅烷偶联剂、环氧高分子偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，所述改性剂的添加量占改性热塑性聚酯弹性体材料的总质量的百分数小于或等于40％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，在所述振膜包括两层所述改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层的条件下，所述振膜还包括位于两层所述改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层之间的阻尼胶层。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，在所述振膜包括一层所述改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层的条件下，所述振膜还包括与所述改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层贴合在一起的塑料基材层。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于发声装置的振膜，其特征在于，在所述振膜包括一层所述改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层的条件下，所述振膜还包括塑料基材层和位于所述改性热塑性聚酯弹性体层和所述塑料基材层之间的阻尼胶层。
9.一种振膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：
提供热塑性聚酯弹性体材料和改性剂，其中，改性剂为耐温树脂，或耐温树脂与无机填料，或耐温树脂与抗老剂；
将所述改性剂添加到所述热塑性聚酯弹性体材料中，并混合均匀；
将混合后的物料进行成型，以形成振膜；
所述耐温树脂为聚邻苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚邻萘二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸1，4环己烷二甲酯中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求9所述的振膜的制备方法，其特征在于，所述将所述改性剂添加到所述热塑性聚酯弹性体材料中，并混合均匀，包括：
将热塑性所述聚酯弹性体材料和所述改性剂添加到双螺杆挤出机中，进行熔融共混，以形成均匀的熔体；或者
将所述热塑性聚酯弹性体材料和所述改性剂混合，并制备成母粒；
将所述母粒和热塑性聚酯弹性体材料加入单螺杆挤出机中进行熔融共混，以形成均匀的熔体。
11.一种发声装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-8中的任意一项所述的用于发声装置的振膜。
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