WO2021078635A1 - Elektrolyseur und verfahren zur kohlenstoffdioxidreduktion - Google Patents
Elektrolyseur und verfahren zur kohlenstoffdioxidreduktion Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021078635A1 WO2021078635A1 PCT/EP2020/079144 EP2020079144W WO2021078635A1 WO 2021078635 A1 WO2021078635 A1 WO 2021078635A1 EP 2020079144 W EP2020079144 W EP 2020079144W WO 2021078635 A1 WO2021078635 A1 WO 2021078635A1
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 47
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 156
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIQWEMDDUPSLRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].O=C=O Chemical compound [O].O=C=O MIQWEMDDUPSLRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/25—Reduction
- C25B3/26—Reduction of carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/23—Carbon monoxide or syngas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/50—Processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
- C25B11/031—Porous electrodes
- C25B11/032—Gas diffusion electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/083—Separating products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/087—Recycling of electrolyte to electrochemical cell
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrolyzer for carbon dioxide reduction. Carbon dioxide is transported past a gas diffusion cathode of an electrolysis cell and there catalytically reduced to at least one energetically higher-value product.
- the carbon dioxide is converted naturally into carbohydrates through photosynthesis. This process, which is broken down into many sub-steps in terms of time and space at the molecular level, is very difficult to copy on an industrial scale. Compared to pure photocatalysis, the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is currently the most efficient way.
- a hybrid form is light-assisted electrolysis or electrically assisted photo-catalysis. Both terms are to be used synonymously, depending on the perspective of the observer.
- photosynthesis in this process, with the addition of electrical energy, if necessary photo-assisted, which is preferably obtained from regenerative energy sources such as wind or sun, carbon dioxide is converted into an energetically higher-value product such as carbon monoxide, methane, ethene or other alcohols.
- the amount of energy required for this reduction ideally corresponds to the combustion energy of the fuel and should only come from regenerative sources.
- Gas mixtures richer in carbon monoxide or pure carbon monoxide are also used for carbonylation reactions such as hydroformulation by carboxylic acid synthesis or alcohol carbonylation, in which the primary carbon chain is lengthened.
- the possibility of generating carbon monoxide from carbon dioxide with the inclusion of regenerative energy sources opens up a multitude of possibilities for partially or fully replacing fossil raw materials as a source of carbon for many chemical products.
- One of these routes is the electrochemical breakdown of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide and oxygen. This is a one-step process that does not require high temperatures or overpressure. However, it is a relatively complex electrolysis process in which carbon dioxide has to be added as a substrate as a gaseous substrate.
- the gaseous carbon dioxide can react with the charge carriers generated in the electrolysis and is therefore chemically bound in the electrolyte used:
- the release takes place either in the electrolyte, on a membrane contact surface or directly on the anode.
- gas bubbles are released in the ionic current path, which can lead to greatly increased cell voltages and thus to massive losses in energy efficiency.
- a mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen would be formed at the anode.
- Classic carbon dioxide separation processes such as amine or methanol washes cannot be used for safety reasons.
- purified carbon dioxide is also used for such electrochemical cells for the decomposition of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide and oxygen.
- DE 102018 202 184 A1 discloses an electrolysis cell comprising a cathode space comprising a cathode, an anode space comprising an anode, and a salt bridge space which is arranged between the cathode and anode, the cathode and the anode being designed as a gas diffusion electrode.
- the electrolyser according to the invention according to claim 1 for carbon dioxide reduction comprises an electrolysis cell with a cathode gas diffusion electrode and with an anode gas diffusion electrode.
- the cathode gas diffusion electrode (hereinafter also abbreviated as GDK) adjoins a cathode gas space on a flat first side.
- the first side of the anode gas diffusion electrode (GDA) also adjoins an anode gas space over a large area.
- the two gas diffusion electrodes each have a second side which is opposite the respective first side and which is connected to a common electrolyte space.
- the electrolyte space is designed in such a way that it extends from the cathode gas diffusion electrode to the anode gas diffusion electrode and is at least partially delimited by the two gas diffusion electrodes with their second side facing away from the respectively assigned gas spaces.
- the anode gas diffusion electrode has a cation-selective coating.
- the electrolysis cell of the electrolyzer according to claim 1 has two gas diffusion electrodes, namely a gas diffusion electrode on the anode (GDA) and one on the cathode (GDK). Both gas diffusion electrodes are connected to their own separate gas space, and they each delimit this separate gas space from a common electrolyte space.
- the described electrolytic cell of the electrolyzer thus has only one electrolyte space, which is not separated by a membrane or a diaphragm. The electrolyte located in the electrolyte space and flowing through it is thus connected to both gas diffusion electrodes.
- an electrolyser with these two essential features, namely two gas diffusion electrodes both on the anode and on the cathode and a common, not separate electrolyte space, means that carbon dioxide that gets through the GDK into the electrolyte space can dissolve in this in an oversaturated manner and be discharged from the electrolyte space before it mixes with the oxygen produced there at the GDA and thus becomes economically unusable for the further process feed.
- the oxygen is created at the GDA, which diffuses through it and is discharged through the separate gas space of the GDA. Mixing of the generated oxygen with the carbon dioxide is thus greatly reduced. The reduction can be reduced to 5% of the value that is usual in a conventional design with a gas diffusion electrode and two separate electrolyte chambers.
- the electrolyte space is provided with an electrolyte supply line and an electrolyte discharge line, which together with a pumping device form an electrolyte circuit. It is therefore also a common electrolyte circuit for the entire electrolyzer, which makes two separate electrolyte reservoirs or a neutralization of the respective reservoirs superfluous.
- a cathode gas space and an educt gas supply device for supplying educt gases are expediently provided.
- the anode compartment has an oxygen discharge device. Through this Oxygen that has entered the anode gas space through the anode can be extracted from the process.
- the GDA is designed in such a way that it has a cation-selective coating.
- the GDA is coated with an ion-conducting polymer.
- This can conduct the protons produced into the electrolyte, but is impermeable to gases. Therefore, CO2 gas bubbles cannot enter the anode gas space and molecular gaseous oxygen that forms on the anode cannot get into the electrolyte.
- the cation-selective coating is preferably located on a side which is directed towards the electrolyte space, as a result of which an effective transport of protons into the electrolyte can be achieved.
- Another component of the invention is a method for operating an electrolyzer having the features of patent claim 8.
- This method comprises the following steps: introducing a carbon dioxide-containing gas into a cathode gas space.
- the carbon dioxide is reduced to carbon monoxide on a cathode gas diffusion electrode, the cathode gas diffusion electrode resting on a first side against the cathode gas space and with the opposite, second side resting against an electrolyte space.
- the cathode gas diffusion electrode is flat and has the first and second flat sides, with one side resting against the cathode gas space and the other side resting against the electrolyte space.
- a liquid electrolyte flows through the electrolyte space, in which carbon dioxide is in turn dissolved.
- molecular oxygen is released on an anode gas diffusion electrode surface, which oxygen diffuses through an anode gas diffusion electrode.
- Both the cathode gas diffusion electrode and the anode gas diffusion electrode adjoin the common electrolyte space with the second side in each case.
- the electrolyte outside the electrolyte space is discharged from the CO2 dissolved in it.
- the anode gas diffusion electrode has a cation-selective coating in the process.
- the method according to the invention is carried out with the electrolyzer according to the invention.
- Embodiments that have been described with respect to the electrolyser can be used accordingly in the method according to the invention, and vice versa.
- the claimed method also has the special feature that the electrolyte space is a common electrolyte space for both the cathode and the anode and therefore has no corresponding separation such as a membrane or diaphragm.
- both the anode and the cathode are each designed as a gas diffusion electrode, GDA and GDK. This has the effect that oxygen, which is released in the electrolyte during the process, can diffuse through the anode gas diffusion electrode as molecular oxygen and does not mix with the carbon dioxide that is also formed in the electrolyte.
- the pH value of the electrolyte is in the acidic range, with a slightly acidic range between a pH value between 7 and 2 is aimed at.
- the electrolyte is in particular an aqueous electrolyte.
- a gas volume flow of the carbon dioxide at the gas diffusion cathode is at least 5 times as large, in particular 15 times as large, as at the gas diffusion anode. This leads to a further increase in the economic efficiency of the process.
- Figure 1 shows an electrolyzer with a schematic representation of the individual process devices
- FIG. 2 shows a very schematic representation of the material flow in the electrolyser according to FIG. 1 with the representation of the individual chemical components
- Figure 3 shows a cross section through an anode gas diffusion electrode
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the gas volume flow in different areas in the electrolyzer.
- the electrolyser 2 according to FIG. 1 is shown there in a very schematic manner with regard to its structure.
- the electrolyser 2 comprises an electrolysis cell 4 in which, in turn, two gas diffusion electrodes are arranged. This is a cathode gas diffusion electrode 6 (hereinafter referred to as GDK). Furthermore, an anode gas diffusion electrode 8 is provided, which is referred to below as GDA.
- GDA cathode gas diffusion electrode 6
- GDA anode gas diffusion electrode 8
- Both gas diffu- Sion electrodes 6, 8 are designed as flat structures which each have two flat sides and thereby separate a gas space from an electrolyte space 16. In detail, this is structured as follows:
- the GDK 6 has a first side 12 which is connected to a cathode gas space 10 or at least partially delimits it from the electrolyte space 16.
- the electrolyte space 16 is in turn connected to a second side 18 of the GDK 6.
- the GDA 8 likewise has a second side 19 which delimits the electrolyte space 16 from the other side.
- the first side of the GDA 13 in turn adjoins a further gas space, namely the anode gas space 14.
- the two gas diffusion electrodes 6, 8 thus at least partially delimit the electrolyte space 16 from two sides. What is special about the structure described is that, in contrast to other electrolyser structures or electrolysis cells according to the prior art, the electrolyte space 16 has no separation between the two electrodes.
- a liquid electrolyte 42 which is located in the electrolyte space 16 in the operating state, is in direct connection both with the second side 18 of the GDK 6 and with the second side 19 of the GDA 8.
- the electrolysis cell 42 described thus has essential features.
- the cathode instead of the usual one gas diffusion electrode as the cathode, two gas diffusion electrodes are used in the case described, in this case the anode configured as GDA 8 is thus also a gas diffusion electrode.
- the anode configured as GDA 8 is thus also a gas diffusion electrode.
- an electrolyte circuit 26 which has both an rolyte feed line 20 as well as an electrolyte discharge line 22 and a pumping device 24. Furthermore, a CCh separation device 32 is provided in the electrolyte circuit 26, which in turn leads via a connecting line 34, possibly via a CO 2 processing device 46, to an educt gas supply device 28. Furthermore, an electrolyte reservoir 44 is provided in the electrolyte circuit 26.
- the educt feed device 28 is provided, as already mentioned, in which an educt gas 40, which comprises carbon dioxide, is introduced into the cathode gas space 10.
- the cathode gas space 10 also includes a product gas outlet device 30, in which the carbon monoxide and excess carbon dioxide formed during the process are discharged.
- the electrolysis cell also includes the anode gas space 14, which has an oxygen discharge device 36.
- the voltage U is applied between the two gas diffusion electrodes 6 and 8.
- the anode gas diffusion electrode has a cation-selective coating (not shown).
- the electrolyzer 2 described with reference to FIG. 1 is shown once again more schematically, the purpose of which is to illustrate the course of the reaction and the substance flow using the chemical symbols.
- essentially carbon dioxide is introduced into the cathode gas space 10 as the starting gas and at least partially reduced to carbon monoxide on the first surface 12 of the GDK and discharged again through the product gas outlet device 30 described. Since most of the processes do not lead to a complete reduction of the total carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO), both carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are discharged in the outlet device 30 and are later separated from one another.
- the Koh lendioxid also passes through the GDK 6 in the electrolyte space 16, where it reacts with the water present there to form hydrocarbonate anions (cf. equation 1 and equation 2).
- the carbon dioxide recovered in this way is dissolved in the electrolyte 42, possibly strongly supersaturated, and discharged with this from the electrolyte cell 2 or the electrolyte chamber 16.
- the discharged carbon dioxide can be removed again from the electrolyte 42 in the electrolyte circuit 26 in the described C0 2 separation device 32 and fed back to the educt gas 40.
- the carbon dioxide can optionally also be processed in a processing device 46.
- molecular oxygen ( O 2) is generated at the GDA 8, which can diffuse through the GDA 8 and thus get into the anode gas space 14 and escape via the oxygen discharge device 36.
- the GDA 8 is provided with a hydrophobic layer 38 so that the molecular oxygen can diffuse through the GDA 8, but the liquid water is retained by the aforementioned hydrophobic layer 38.
- the carbon dioxide is dissolved in a relatively pure form in the electrolyte 42 and can be removed therefrom and fed back into the process. A complex separation of a carbon dioxide-oxygen mixture is not necessary, which is why the process is made much more efficient.
- the gas volume flows 50 of the gases essentially involved in the process (O2, CO, CO2 and H2) at the individual electrodes or in the electrolyte are shown in FIG.
- the individual gas volume flows 50 can be recognized by means of different hatching.
- the gas volume flow 51 of the carbon dioxide is of particular interest here.
- the gas volume flow 54 in the electrolyte 42 (middle bar) also shows a high carbon dioxide gas volume flow, there is only very little carbon monoxide included.
- FIG. 4 thus illustrates that the measures taken in the CCh electrolyzer 2 presented here, namely the use of two gas diffusion electrodes as GDK 6 and GDA 8 and an electrolyte space 16 enclosed by them, leads to the loss of carbon dioxide oxide can be reduced from approx. 50% to approx. 5% or even less during electrolysis. Ultimately this means a reduction in carbon dioxide loss of more than 90%.
- the GDA 8 has a hydrophobic layer 38 which prevents penetration of the electrolyte 42, which is in particular water-based. However, the molecular oxygen can diffuse through the pores of the GDA 8 into the anode gas space 14.
- the CO2 present as a result of the neutralization does not necessarily have to lead to the formation of gas bubbles in the electrolyte space 16.
- the neutralization is distributed over the entire electrolyte space 16. Due to the possible oversaturation, the outgassing is distributed over the entire electrolyte 42 in the electrolyte space 16 and the electrolyte circuit 26, which also includes the electrolyte reservoir 44.
- the CO2 bubbles present in the electrolyte 42 can be separated from the electrolyte 42 before entering the electrolysis cell.
- the CO2 bubbles come into contact with the GDA and are absorbed by it.
- the carbon dioxide dissolved by the reaction mixes with the anodically formed oxygen in the anode gas space 14. This part corresponds to the gas volume flow 51 of the carbon dioxide in the right bar 56 of FIG. 4. This carbon dioxide can be regarded as lost for the process.
- the CO 2 gas bubbles do not come into contact with either of the two gas diffusion electrodes 6, 8 and are carried out of the electrolysis cell 4 with the electrolyte 42.
- This part of the carbon dioxide can be separated from the liquid electrolyte 42 with the remaining electrolyte 42 as described and, after any processing (CCb processing device 46), can be made available again to the gas cycle, in particular to the educt gas 40, via the connecting line 34.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20797406.4A EP4010514A1 (de) | 2019-10-25 | 2020-10-16 | Elektrolyseur und verfahren zur kohlenstoffdioxidreduktion |
US17/769,395 US20240229256A9 (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2020-10-16 | Electrolyser device and method for carbon dioxide reduction |
AU2020369070A AU2020369070B2 (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2020-10-16 | Electrolyser device and method for carbon dioxide reduction |
CN202080074421.2A CN114585773B (zh) | 2019-10-25 | 2020-10-16 | 用于还原二氧化碳的电解装置和方法 |
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DE102016224466A1 (de) * | 2016-12-08 | 2018-06-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Elektrolysezelle oder Elektrodenplatte mit einer Gasdiffusionselektrode und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb |
DE102017213471A1 (de) * | 2017-08-03 | 2019-02-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Nutzung von Kohlenstoffdioxid |
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US20120228147A1 (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2012-09-13 | Liquid Light, Inc. | System and process for making formic acid |
WO2017153081A1 (de) * | 2016-03-10 | 2017-09-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur elektrochemischen nutzung von kohlenstoffdioxid |
WO2019011577A1 (de) * | 2017-07-12 | 2019-01-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Membran gekoppelte kathode zur reduktion von kohlendioxid in säurebasierten elektrolyten ohne mobile kationen |
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CN114585773A (zh) | 2022-06-03 |
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