Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
  • C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/14—Polyamide-imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
  • C08K5/151—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
  • C08K5/1535—Five-membered rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
  • C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
  • C09D7/20—Diluents or solvents
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
  • H05B33/02—Details

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a varnish containing ⁇ -butyrolactone (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as GBL) and a polyimide-based polymer, an optical film formed from the varnish, and a method for producing the optical film.
• GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
• image display devices such as liquid crystal display devices and organic EL display devices are widely used not only in televisions but also in various applications such as mobile phones and smart watches. With the expansion of such applications, an image display device (flexible display) having flexible characteristics is required.
• the image display device is composed of a display element such as a liquid crystal display element or an organic EL display element, as well as constituent members such as a polarizing plate, a retardation plate, and a front plate. In order to achieve a flexible display, all these components need to be flexible.
• glass has been used as the front plate.
• Glass has high transparency and can exhibit high hardness depending on the type of glass, but it is very rigid and fragile, so that it is difficult to use it as a front plate material for a flexible display. Therefore, as one of the materials alternative to glass, there is a polyimide-based resin, and an optical film using the polyimide-based resin has been studied (for example, Patent Document 1).
• Such an optical film is produced by, for example, a casting method in which a resin composition also called a varnish prepared by dissolving a polyimide polymer in a solvent is applied to a support and then dried or the like.
• a resin composition also called a varnish prepared by dissolving a polyimide polymer in a solvent
• GBL is contained from the viewpoint of good compatibility with a polyimide polymer and easy to improve the optical characteristics of the obtained optical film.
• the inventor has found that the varnish is preferred.
• the solvent itself contained in the varnish is a component that is distilled off by drying, and hardly remains in the obtained optical film. Therefore, when the varnish is formed and dried immediately after the varnish is prepared to produce an optical film, a phenomenon such as a decrease in the YI value, which is an index of the yellowness of the optical film, is not observed.
• GBL is used as at least a part of the solvent of the varnish containing the polyimide polymer
• the polyimide polymer in the varnish which is considered to have increased reactivity in the state of being dissolved in the solvent, and ⁇ -butyrolactone.
• the YI value of the obtained optical film may increase and the optical characteristics may decrease as the storage time in the varnish state becomes longer.
• the present invention is a varnish in which a polyimide polymer is dissolved in GBL, and even when a polyimide polymer film is produced after long-term storage in the varnish state, the yellowing of the film is effectively effective.
• the purpose is to provide a varnish that can be prevented.
• the present inventor has a light transmittance of 88% or more at a wavelength of 275 nm and / or a peak of GBL in gas chromatography analysis under predetermined conditions.
• the above problem is solved by using a solvent containing GBL in which the area ratio of the components detected in a predetermined range with respect to the relative retention time is equal to or less than a predetermined value, and a varnish containing at least a polyimide polymer. It was found that the present invention was completed.
• the present invention includes the following preferred embodiments.
• [1] A varnish containing a solvent containing ⁇ -butyrolactone having a light transmittance of 88% or more at a wavelength of 275 nm and a polyimide-based polymer.
• [2] In capillary gas chromatography analysis using polyethylene glycol as a stationary phase, after injecting a sample while holding the column temperature at 120 ° C., holding the temperature at 120 ° C. for 1 minute, and then up to 240 ° C. at 10 ° C./min. When the temperature is raised and then held at 240 ° C.
• column in the capillary gas chromatographic analysis, Agilent Technologies Ltd. DB-WAX (30m ⁇ 0.32mm I.D. , d f 0.50 ⁇ m) is a varnish according to the above [2].
• DB-WAX (30m ⁇ 0.32mm I.D. , d f 0.50 ⁇ m) is a varnish according to the above [2].
• a flexible display device including the optical film according to [10].
• the flexible display device according to [12] further comprising a touch sensor.
• the varnish of the present invention has a light transmittance of 88% or more at a wavelength of 275 nm, and / or after injection of a sample in a capillary gas chromatography analysis using polyethylene glycol as a stationary phase while maintaining a column temperature of 120 ° C.
• the temperature is maintained at 120 ° C. for 1 minute, the temperature is raised to 240 ° C. at 10 ° C./min, and then the temperature is maintained at 240 ° C.
• the relative retention time based on the peak of GBL is within a predetermined range (
• a predetermined value 300 ppm or less or 260 ppm or less
• the polyimide-based height Contains molecules.
• the column in the capillary gas chromatography analysis has a polyethylene glycol as a stationary phase, and preferred columns include DB-WAX manufactured by Agilent Technologies, Heliflex AT-WAX manufactured by Agilent Technologies, and TC-WAX manufactured by GL Sciences, more preferably. from Agilent Technologies DB-WAX (30m ⁇ 0.32mm I.D. , d f 0.50 ⁇ m) and the like.
• Agilent Technologies DB-WAX 30m ⁇ 0.32mm I.D. , d f 0.
• the varnish of the present invention is a varnish used for producing an optical film such as that used for a front plate of a display device, and is in the state of a varnish by containing GBL having the above-mentioned specific characteristics as a solvent. Even when a polyimide-based polymer film is produced after long-term storage, yellowing of the film can be effectively prevented.
• the reason why the yellowing of the obtained optical film can be suppressed by using a solvent containing GBL having the above specific characteristics is not clear, but the component having absorption at a wavelength of 275 nm and the peak of GBL are used as a reference.
• GBL having a light transmittance of 88% or more at a wavelength of 275 nm is also referred to as GBL (A)
• GBL having a ratio of 300 ppm or less is also referred to as GBL (B1).
• GBL (B1) GBL having an area ratio of component B2 detected at a relative retention time of 1.05 to 1.50 based on the peak of GBL is 260 ppm or less is also referred to as GBL (B2).
• GBL (B2) is contained in GBL (B1), and these are also collectively referred to as GBL (B).
• the GBL contained as a solvent in the varnish of the present invention may be a solvent corresponding to GBL (A) and / or a solvent corresponding to GBL (B), and GBL (A) and It may be a solvent corresponding to both GBL (B).
• the varnish of the present invention may further contain a solvent other than GBL.
• the ratio of the GBL contained as a solvent in the varnish of the present invention is preferably 30 to 100% by mass, more preferably 50 to 100% by mass, still more preferably 60 to 100% by mass, based on the total amount of the solvent contained in the varnish. , Even more preferably 70 to 100% by mass, particularly preferably 80 to 100% by mass, and particularly even more preferably 90 to 100% by mass.
• the above ratio may be the charging ratio of the solvent used in producing the varnish.
• the GBL used for producing the varnish of the present invention may be any solvent corresponding to at least one of GBL (A), GBL (B1) and GBL (B2), and GBL (A) and GBL (B). ) May be applicable.
• the light transmittance of GBL at a wavelength of 275 nm is preferably 89% or more, more preferably 93% or more, still more preferably 95% or more, from the viewpoint of easily suppressing discoloration during long-term storage of the varnish.
• the area ratio of the components whose relative retention time is detected to be 1.02 to 1.50 is preferably 270 ppm or less, more preferably 260 ppm or less, still more preferably, from the viewpoint of easily suppressing discoloration during long-term storage of the varnish. Is 200 ppm or less, particularly preferably 100 ppm or less.
• the area ratio of the components detected with the relative retention time of 1.05 to 1.50 is preferably 250 ppm or less, more preferably 210 ppm or less, still more preferably, from the viewpoint of easily suppressing discoloration during long-term storage of the varnish.
• the light transmittance at a wavelength of 275 nm is 88% or more, and in the GBL, the relative retention time in the gas chromatography analysis under the above conditions is within a predetermined range (1.02 to 1.50, or 1.
• the method for setting the area ratio of the components detected in 05 to 1.50) within a predetermined range is not particularly limited as long as GBL (A) or GBL (B) having the above characteristics can be obtained, but for example, a distillation column is used.
• a method of purifying GBL by an adsorption method such as a metal ion adsorption method, a method of contacting with an acidic ion exchange resin and then distilling, a method of combining liquid-liquid extraction and distillation, and the like can be mentioned. ..
• the tower top temperature is, for example, 50 to 150 ° C., preferably 60 to 140 ° C., more preferably 70 to 130 ° C., and even more preferably 75 to 120 ° C.
• the bottom temperature of the column is, for example, 70 to 170 ° C, preferably 80 to 160 ° C, more preferably 90 to 150 ° C, and even more preferably 100 to 140 ° C.
• the column bottom temperature is preferably a temperature that is about 5 to 50 ° C. higher than the column top temperature.
• the light transmittance of GBL at a wavelength of 275 nm can be easily increased to 88% or more, and the relative retention time in the gas chromatography analysis under the above conditions is within a predetermined range. It is easy to set the area ratio of the components detected in the above range to the above range.
• the pressure at the time of distillation may be set so that the temperature at the top of the column is within the above range.
• Examples of the type of distillation column include a regular filling column, an irregular filling column, a shelf column, an Oldershaw type distillation column, and a distiller equipped with a Widmer rectifier.
• the number of steps is usually 1 to 100 steps, preferably 5 to 90 steps, and more preferably 10 to 80 steps.
• the recirculation ratio is usually in the range of 0.1 to 100, preferably 0.5 to 80, and more preferably 1 to 60.
• the extraction temperature of the GBL used for the varnish of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 90 to 140 ° C., more preferably 100 to 130 ° C. from the viewpoint of easily obtaining the GBL having the above characteristics. Further, the extraction temperature may be adjusted while observing the light transmittance of the obtained GBL at a wavelength of 275 nm or the result of gas chromatography analysis. Distillation may be continuous or batch.
• the combination of the column top temperature, the column bottom temperature and the extraction temperature is, for example, a condition that the column top temperature is 100 ° C, the column bottom temperature is 112 ° C, and the extraction temperature is 108 ° C.
• Conditions such as a tower top temperature of 75 ° C., a tower bottom temperature of 120 ° C. and a extraction temperature of 112 ° C., a column top temperature of 110 ° C., a column bottom temperature of 131 ° C. and a extraction temperature of 125 ° C. Can be mentioned.
• GBL (A) or GBL (B) having the above-mentioned characteristics can be obtained by using a distillation column, for example, by the method described in Japanese Patent No. 4154897, Japanese Patent No. 4348890, Japanese Patent No. 5392937, and the like. It may be produced by distillation and setting the extraction temperature so that GBL satisfying the above characteristics can be obtained.
• the content of the solvent in the varnish of the present invention is preferably 75 to 99% by mass, more preferably 78 to 95% by mass, and further preferably 80 to 90% by mass with respect to the total amount of the varnish.
• the content of the solvent is within the above range, it is easy to prevent yellowing of the obtained film even when a polyimide polymer film is produced after long-term storage in the state of varnish, and the varnish is cast. Since the viscosity tends to be optimum for film formation, the handleability is improved and the visibility of the obtained optical film is easily improved.
• the content of the polyimide polymer in the varnish of the present invention is preferably 1 to 25% by mass, more preferably 5 to 22% by mass, still more preferably 10 to 20% by mass, based on the total amount of the varnish.
• the content of the polyimide-based polymer is within the above range, it is easy to prevent yellowing of the obtained film even when the polyimide-based polymer film is produced after long-term storage in a varnish state, and also. Since the viscosity tends to be optimum for casting the varnish, the handleability is improved and the visibility of the obtained optical film is easily improved.
• the varnish of the present invention preferably satisfies L * ⁇ 80, -10 ⁇ a * ⁇ 10, and -10 ⁇ b * ⁇ 10 in the color difference measurement based on the L * a * b * color system.
• the L * in the color difference measurement is preferably 90 or more, more preferably 93 or more, still more preferably 95 or more, from the viewpoint of easily enhancing the transparency and visibility of the finally obtained polymer material.
• the upper limit of L * is not particularly limited and may be 100 or less.
• a * in the above color difference measurement represents an index of redness, and is preferably -10 or more and 10 or less, more preferably -7 or more and 7 or less, still more preferably, from the viewpoint of easily enhancing the visibility of the finally obtained polymer material.
• B * in the above color difference measurement represents an index of bluishness, and is preferably -10 or more and 10 or less, more preferably -5 or more and 10 or less, still more preferably, from the viewpoint of easily enhancing the visibility of the finally obtained polymer material.
• the color difference can be measured using a color difference meter, and can be measured, for example, by the method described in Examples.
• the polyimide resin contained in the varnish of the present invention is a polyimide resin, a polyamide-imide resin, or a polyamic acid resin which is a precursor of a polyimide resin and a polyamide-imide resin.
• the varnish of the present invention may contain one kind of polyimide-based resin, or may contain two or more kinds of polyimide-based resins.
• the polyimide-based resin is preferably a polyimide resin or a polyamide-imide resin, and more preferably a polyamide-imide resin.
• the polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight of the polyimide resin contained in the varnish of the present invention is preferably 200,000 or more, more preferably 250,000 or more, still more preferably 300,000 or more.
• the polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight of the polyimide resin is preferably 800,000 or less, more preferably 600,000 or less, and further, from the viewpoint of ease of producing a varnish and film forming property when producing a polymer material. It is preferably 500,000 or less, and even more preferably 450,000 or less.
• the weight average molecular weight is measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurement. As the measurement conditions, the conditions described in the examples may be used.
• the polyimide resin is a polyimide resin having a structural unit represented by the formula (1), or is represented by the structural unit represented by the formula (1) and the formula (2). It is preferably a polyamide-imide resin having a constituent unit to be formed. From the viewpoint of transparency and flexibility, the polyimide resin is more preferably a polyamide-imide resin having a structural unit represented by the formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the formula (2).
• the formulas (1) and (2) will be described below, but the description of the formula (1) relates to both the polyimide resin and the polyamide-imide resin, and the description of the formula (2) relates to the polyamide-imide resin.
• the structural unit represented by the formula (1) is a structural unit formed by reacting a tetracarboxylic acid compound and a diamine compound
• the structural unit represented by the formula (2) is a dicarboxylic acid compound and a diamine compound. Is a structural unit formed by the reaction of and.
• the polyimide resin is a polyimide resin having a structural unit represented by the formula (1), or a polyamide-imide having a structural unit represented by the formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the formula (2).
• Y in the formula (1) independently represents a tetravalent organic group, preferably a tetravalent organic group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms.
• the organic group is an organic group in which the hydrogen atom in the organic group may be substituted with a hydrocarbon group or a fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon group, in which case the hydrocarbon group and the fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon group
• the number of carbon atoms is preferably 1 to 8.
• the polyimide resin according to one embodiment of the present invention may contain a plurality of types of Y, and the plurality of types of Y may be the same as or different from each other.
• Y formula (20), formula (21), formula (22), formula (23), formula (24), formula (25), formula (26), formula (27), formula (28) or formula.
• W 1 represents a single bond, -O -, - CH 2 - , - CH 2 -CH 2 -, - CH (CH 3) -, - C (CH 3) 2 -, - C (CF 3) 2 -, -Ar-, -SO 2- , -CO-, -O-Ar-O-, -Ar-O-Ar-, -Ar-CH 2 -Ar-, -Ar-C (CH 3 ) 2- Ar- Or it represents -Ar-SO 2- Ar-.
• Ar represents an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms in which a hydrogen atom may be substituted with a fluorine atom, and specific examples thereof include a phenylene group.
• the group represented by the formula (26), the formula (28) or the formula (29) is preferable from the viewpoint of the surface hardness and flexibility of the optical member containing the polyimide resin.
• the group represented by (26) is more preferable.
• W 1 from the viewpoint of surface hardness and flexibility of the optical member comprising the polyimide resin, each independently, a single bond, -O -, - CH 2 - , - CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH (CH 3 )-, -C (CH 3 ) 2 -or-C (CF 3 ) 2- preferably, single bond, -O-, -CH 2- , -CH (CH 3 )- , -C (CH 3 ) 2- or -C (CF 3 ) 2- , more preferably single bond, -O-, -C (CH 3 ) 2- or -C (CF 3 ) 2- More preferably, it is even more preferably -O- or -C (CF 3 ) 2- .
• At least a part of the plurality of Ys in the formula (1) is a structural unit represented by the formula (5).
• the obtained optical member tends to exhibit high transparency.
• the solubility of the polyimide resin in a solvent can be improved, the viscosity of the varnish containing the polyimide resin can be suppressed low, and the processing of the optical member can be facilitated. be able to.
• R 18 to R 25 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and hydrogen contained in R 18 to R 25. Atoms may be substituted with halogen atoms independently of each other. * Represents a bond. ]
• R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , and R 25 are independent of each other, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or 6 carbon atoms. It represents an aryl group of to 12, preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and the alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the formula (3). Examples of the group or the aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms will be described later.
• the hydrogen atoms contained in R 18 to R 25 may be substituted with halogen atoms independently of each other.
• R 18 to R 25 are more preferably hydrogen atoms, methyl groups, fluoro groups, chloro groups or trifluoromethyl groups, independently of each other, from the viewpoint of surface hardness and flexibility of the optical member containing the polyimide resin. It is particularly preferably a hydrogen atom or a trifluoromethyl group.
• the structural unit represented by the formula (5) is a group represented by the formula (5'), that is, at least a part of the plurality of Ys is the formula (5'). ) Is a structural unit.
• the optical member containing the polyimide resin can have high transparency.
• Y in the polyimide resin is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 60 mol% or more, still more preferably 70 mol% or more of the formula (5), particularly the formula (5). It is represented by').
• the optical member containing the polyimide resin can have high transparency, and further, fluorine.
• the skeleton containing the element improves the solubility of the polyimide resin in a solvent, suppresses the viscosity of the varnish containing the polyimide resin to a low level, and facilitates the production of an optical member.
• Y in the polyimide resin is represented by the formula (5), particularly the formula (5').
• Y in the polyimide resin may be of the formula (5), particularly the formula (5').
• the content of the structural unit represented by the formula (5) of Y in the polyimide resin can be measured using, for example, 1 1 H-NMR, or can be calculated from the charging ratio of the raw materials.
• the polyimide resin is a polyamide-imide resin having a structural unit represented by the formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the formula (2)
• Z in the formula (2) is independent of each other.
• the polyamide-imide resin may contain a plurality of types of Z, and the plurality of types of Z may be the same as or different from each other.
• the divalent organic group preferably represents a divalent organic group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms.
• the organic group may be substituted with a hydrocarbon group or a fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon group, in which case the hydrocarbon group and the fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon group preferably have 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
• Examples of the organic group of Z include formula (20), formula (21), formula (22), formula (23), formula (24), formula (25), formula (26), formula (27), and formula (28). ) Or a group in which two non-adjacent groups are replaced with hydrogen atoms and a divalent chain hydrocarbon group having 6 or less carbon atoms among the group bonds represented by the formula (29).
• the polyamide-imide resin may contain one kind of organic group as Z, or may contain two or more kinds of organic groups.
• organic group of Z examples include formula (20'), formula (21'), formula (22'), formula (23'), formula (24'), formula (25'), formula (26'), and formula. (27'), equation (28') and equation (29'):
• W 1 and * are as defined in formula (20) to (29)]
• the divalent organic group represented by is more preferable.
• the hydrogen atoms on the rings in the formulas (20) to (29) and the formulas (20') to (29') are hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. It may be substituted with the hydrocarbon group of the above, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted with fluorine.
• R 24 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms independently of each other.
• R 24 the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms are exemplified with respect to R 1 to R 8 in the formula (3) described later, respectively.
• the polyamide-imide resin may contain a plurality of types of Z, and the plurality of types of Z may be the same or different from each other.
• Z is of the formula (3a) :.
• R g and R h represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms independently of each other.
• R g and R h may be substituted with halogen atoms independently of each other, and A, m and * are the same as A, m and * in the formula (3), and t.
• u are independently integers from 0 to 4] It is preferably represented by the formula (3):
• R 1 to R 8 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
• the hydrogen atoms contained in R 1 to R 8 may be substituted with halogen atoms independently of each other.
• A is, independently of one another, a single bond, -O -, - CH 2 - , - CH 2 -CH 2 -, - CH (CH 3) -, - C (CH 3) 2 -, - C (CF 3)
• Represents a hydrocarbon group m is an integer from 0 to 4 * Represents a bond] It is more preferable to be represented by.
• A is, independently of one another, a single bond, -O -, - CH 2 - , - CH 2 -CH 2 -, - CH (CH 3) -, - C (CH 3 ) 2- , -C (CF 3 ) 2- , -SO 2- , -S-, -CO- or -N (R 9 )-, preferably from the viewpoint of bending resistance of the obtained film. It represents —O— or —S—, more preferably —O—.
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are independent of each other, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Alternatively, it represents an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
• R g and R h independently represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
• alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group and 2-methyl-.
• alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group and 2-methyl-.
• examples thereof include a butyl group, a 3-methylbutyl group, a 2-ethyl-propyl group, and an n-hexyl group.
• alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms examples include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propyloxy group, an isopropyloxy group, a butoxy group, an isobutoxy group, a tert-butoxy group, a pentyloxy group, a hexyloxy group and a cyclohexyloxy group.
• aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xsilyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group and the like.
• R 1 to R 8 independently represent hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms. It represents 1 to 3 alkyl groups, more preferably a hydrogen atom.
• the hydrogen atoms contained in R 1 to R 8 , R g and R h may be substituted with halogen atoms independently of each other.
• R 9 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.
• Examples of monovalent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group and n-pentyl group. 2-Methyl-butyl group, 3-methylbutyl group, 2-ethyl-propyl group, n-hexyl, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, tert-octyl group, n-nonyl group, n-decyl group and the like. These may be substituted with halogen atoms.
• halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.
• the polyimide-based resin may contain a plurality of types of A, and the plurality of types of A may be the same as or different from each other.
• T and u in the formula (3a) are independently integers of 0 to 4, preferably an integer of 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and even more preferably 0.
• m is an integer in the range of 0 to 4, and when m is within this range, the stability of the varnish and the flexural resistance of the film obtained from the varnish are increased. The elastic modulus tends to be good.
• m is preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 3, more preferably an integer in the range of 0 to 2, still more preferably 0 or 1, and even more preferably 0. is there. When m is within this range, the bending resistance and elastic modulus of the film can be easily improved.
• Z may contain one or more structural units represented by the formula (3) or the formula (3a), from the viewpoint of improving the elastic modulus and bending resistance of the optical film and reducing the YI value.
• two or more types of structural units having different m values preferably two or three types of structural units having different m values may be included.
• it is represented by the formula (3) or the formula (3a) in which m is 0 when the resin is Z, from the viewpoint of easily developing a high elastic modulus, bending resistance and a low YI value of the film obtained from the varnish.
• It is preferable to contain a structural unit and it is more preferable to further contain a structural unit represented by the formula (3) or the formula (3a) in which m is 1.
• the formula (3) or The proportion of the structural unit represented by the formula (3a) is preferably 20 mol% or more, more preferably 30 mol% or more, still more preferably 40 mol% or more, still more preferably 50 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 60. It is mol% or more, preferably 90 mol% or less, more preferably 85 mol% or less, still more preferably 80 mol% or less.
• the ratio of the structural units represented by the formula (3) or the formula (3a) is not more than the above lower limit, the surface hardness of the film obtained from the varnish can be easily increased, and the bending resistance and elastic modulus can be easily increased.
• the ratio of the structural units represented by the formula (3) or the formula (3a) is not more than the above upper limit, the viscosity of the resin-containing varnish increases due to the hydrogen bond between the amide bonds derived from the formula (3) or the formula (3a). It is easy to suppress and improve the processability of the film.
• the ratio of the constituent units of the formula (3) or the formula (3a) in which m is 1 to 4 is preferably 2 mol% or more, more preferably 4 mol. % Or more, more preferably 6 mol% or more, even more preferably 8 mol% or more, preferably 70 mol% or less, more preferably 50 mol% or less, still more preferably 30 mol% or less, still more preferably 15.
• the content of the structural unit represented by the formula (1), the formula (2), the formula (3) or the formula (3a) can be measured by using, for example, 1 1 H-NMR, or the raw material is charged. It can also be calculated from the ratio.
• Z in the polyamide-imide resin is preferably 30 mol% or more, more preferably 40 mol% or more, still more preferably 45 mol% or more, still more preferably 50 mol% or more.
• 70 mol% or more is a structural unit represented by the formula (3) or the formula (3a) in which m is 0 to 4.
• the above lower limit of Z or more is a structural unit represented by the formula (3) or the formula (3a) in which m is 0 to 4, it is easy to increase the surface hardness of the film obtained from the varnish and the bending resistance. And the elastic modulus is also easy to increase.
• 100 mol% or less of Z in the polyamide-imide resin may be a structural unit represented by the formula (3) or the formula (3a) in which m is 0 to 4.
• the ratio of the structural units represented by the formula (3) or the formula (3a) in which m is 0 to 4 in the resin can be measured by using, for example, 1 1 H-NMR, or the raw material is charged. It can also be calculated from the ratio.
• Z in the polyamide-imide resin is preferably 5 mol% or more, more preferably 8 mol% or more, still more preferably 10 mol% or more, still more preferably 12 mol% or more.
• M is represented by the formula (3) or the formula (3a) in which 1 to 4.
• the formula (3) or the formula (3) in which m is 1 to 4 preferably 90 mol% or less, more preferably 70 mol% or less, still more preferably 50 mol% or less, still more preferably 30 mol% or less of Z. It is preferably represented by the formula (3a).
• the amide bond derived from the formula (3) or the formula (3a) in which m is 1 to 4 It is easy to improve the processability of the film by suppressing the increase in viscosity of the resin-containing varnish due to the hydrogen bond between them.
• the ratio of the structural units represented by the formula (3) or the formula (3a) in which m is 1 to 4 in the resin can be measured using, for example, 1 1 H-NMR, or from the raw material charging ratio. It can also be calculated.
• X represents a divalent organic group independently of each other, preferably a divalent organic group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms, and more preferably 4 carbon atoms having a cyclic structure.
• the cyclic structure include an alicyclic ring, an aromatic ring, and a heterocyclic structure.
• the hydrogen atom in the organic group may be substituted with a hydrocarbon group or a fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon group, in which case the carbon number of the hydrocarbon group and the fluorine-substituted hydrocarbon group is preferable. Is 1-8.
• the polyimide resin or the polyamide-imide resin may contain a plurality of types of X, and the plurality of types of X may be the same as or different from each other.
• X it is represented by the formula (10), the formula (11), the formula (12), the formula (13), the formula (14), the formula (15), the formula (16), the formula (17) and the formula (18).
• a chain hydrocarbon group is exemplified.
• * represents a bond, V 1, V 2 and V 3 independently of one another, a single bond, -O -, - S -, - CH 2 -, - CH 2 -CH 2 -, - CH (CH 3) -, - C (CH 3 )
• Q represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom. Examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms include the groups mentioned above for R 9.
• V 1 and V 3 are single bonds, -O- or -S-, and V 2 is -CH 2- , -C (CH 3 ) 2- , -C (CF 3 ) 2. -Or-SO 2- .
• the bonding position of V 1 and V 2 with respect to each ring and the bonding position of V 2 and V 3 with respect to each ring are independent of each other, preferably in the meta position or para position with respect to each ring, and more preferably. Is a para position.
• V 1 , V 2 and V 3 are independent of each other, preferably single bond, —O— or —S—, from the viewpoint of easily increasing the surface hardness and flexibility of the film obtained from the varnish of the present invention. It is preferably a single bond or —O—.
• At least a part of the plurality of Xs in the formula (1) and the formula (2) is the formula (4) :.
• R 10 to R 17 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms independently of each other.
• the hydrogen atoms contained in R 10 to R 17 may be substituted with halogen atoms independently of each other, and * represents a bond.
• It is a structural unit represented by.
• R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 and R 17 are independent of each other, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and 1 carbon atom.
• Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or the aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and the alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the formula (3). Examples thereof include groups or aryl groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
• R 10 ⁇ R 17 independently of one another, preferably hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, wherein, R 10 ⁇
• the hydrogen atom contained in R 17 may be substituted with a halogen atom independently of each other.
• the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.
• R 10 to R 17 more preferably represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a fluoro group, a chloro group or a trifluoromethyl group independently of each other from the viewpoint of surface hardness, transparency and bending resistance of the optical film, and further. More preferably, R 10 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 and R 16 represent a hydrogen atom, and R 11 and R 17 represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a fluoro group, a chloro group or a trifluoromethyl group, among others. Preferably R 11 and R 17 represent a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group.
• the structural unit represented by the formula (4) is the formula (4'):
• the skeleton containing the fluorine element makes it easy to increase the solubility of the polyimide resin in the solvent.
• the viscosity of the varnish can be easily reduced, and the workability of the optical film can be easily improved.
• the skeleton containing a fluorine element makes it easy to improve the optical properties of the film obtained from the varnish.
• the amount of X in the polyimide resin is preferably 30 mol% or more, more preferably 50 mol% or more, still more preferably 70 mol% or more, according to the formula (4), especially the formula (4). It is represented by').
• X in the above range in the polyimide resin is represented by the formula (4), particularly the formula (4')
• the solubility of the polyimide resin in the solvent is easily improved by the skeleton containing the fluorine element.
• the viscosity of the varnish can be easily reduced, and the workability of the film obtained from the varnish can be easily improved.
• the skeleton containing a fluorine element makes it easy to improve the optical properties of the film obtained from the varnish.
• X in the polyimide resin is represented by the formula (4), particularly the formula (4').
• X in the polyamide-imide resin may be of formula (4), especially of formula (4').
• the ratio of the structural unit represented by the formula (4) of X in the resin can be measured using, for example, 1 1 H-NMR, or can be calculated from the charging ratio of the raw materials.
• the polyimide-based resin can include a structural unit represented by the formula (30) and / or a structural unit represented by the formula (31), and the structural unit represented by the formulas (1) and (2) can be included.
• the structural unit represented by the formula (30) and / or the structural unit represented by the formula (31) may be included.
• Y 1 is a tetravalent organic group independently of each other, and preferably the hydrogen atom in the organic group may be substituted with a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group substituted with fluorine. It is a group.
• Examples of Y 1 include formula (20), formula (21), formula (22), formula (23), formula (24), formula (25), formula (26), formula (27), formula (28) and Groups represented by the formula (29), groups in which the hydrogen atom in the groups represented by the formulas (20) to (29) is substituted with a methyl group, a fluoro group, a chloro group or a trifluoromethyl group.
• a chain hydrocarbon group having a tetravalent carbon number of 6 or less is exemplified.
• a polyimide resin may include a plurality of kinds of Y 1, Y 1 of the plural kinds may being the same or different.
• Y 2 is a trivalent organic group, preferably an organic group in which the hydrogen atom in the organic group may be substituted with a hydrocarbon group or a hydrocarbon group substituted with fluorine.
• Examples of Y 2 include the above equations (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), (27), and (28). ) And a group in which any one of the bonds of the group represented by the formula (29) is replaced with a hydrogen atom, and a chain hydrocarbon group having a trivalent carbon number of 6 or less are exemplified.
• a polyimide resin may include a plurality of kinds of Y 2, Y 2 a plurality of species may be be the same or different from each other.
• X 1 and X 2 are divalent organic groups independently of each other, and preferably a hydrocarbon group in which a hydrogen atom in the organic group is substituted with a hydrocarbon group or fluorine. It is an organic group that may be substituted with.
• Examples of X 1 and X 2 include the above equations (10), (11), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (17) and Groups represented by the formula (18); groups in which the hydrogen atom in the groups represented by the formulas (10) to (18) is substituted with a methyl group, a fluoro group, a chloro group or a trifluoromethyl group; A chain hydrocarbon group having 6 or less carbon atoms is exemplified.
• the polyimide resin is a structural unit represented by the formulas (1) and / or the formula (2), and optionally a configuration represented by the formulas (30) and / or the formula (31). It consists of units.
• the structural units represented by the formulas (1) and (2) in the polyimide resin are the formulas (1) and the formulas (1). (2), and optionally based on all the structural units represented by the formulas (30) and (31), preferably 80 mol% or more, more preferably 90 mol% or more, still more preferably 95 mol% or more. is there.
• the structural units represented by the formulas (1) and (2) are represented by the formulas (1) and (2), and in some cases, the formulas (30) and / or the formula (31). Usually less than or equal to 100% based on all the building blocks.
• the above ratio can be measured using, for example, 1 1 H-NMR, or can be calculated from the raw material charging ratio.
• the content of the polyimide resin in the film obtained from the varnish is preferably 10 parts by mass or more, more preferably 30 parts by mass or more, still more preferably 30 parts by mass or more, based on 100 parts by mass of the film. It is 50 parts by mass or more, preferably 99.5 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 95 parts by mass or less.
• the content of the polyimide resin is within the above range, the optical properties and elastic modulus of the film obtained from the varnish can be easily improved.
• the content of the structural unit represented by the formula (2) is preferably 0.1 mol or more, more preferably 0.5 mol, with respect to 1 mol of the structural unit represented by the formula (1). More than mol, more preferably 1.0 mol or more, even more preferably 1.5 mol or more, preferably 6.0 mol or less, more preferably 5.0 mol or less, still more preferably 4.5 mol or less. is there.
• the content of the structural unit represented by the formula (2) is at least the above lower limit, the surface hardness of the film obtained from the varnish can be easily increased. Further, when the content of the structural unit represented by the formula (2) is not more than the above upper limit, the thickening due to the hydrogen bond between the amide bonds in the formula (2) is suppressed and the processability of the optical film is improved. Easy to make.
• the polyimide resin may contain a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom which can be introduced by, for example, the above-mentioned fluorine-containing substituent or the like.
• a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom which can be introduced by, for example, the above-mentioned fluorine-containing substituent or the like.
• the halogen atom is preferably a fluorine atom.
• Preferred fluorine-containing substituents for containing a fluorine atom in the polyimide resin include, for example, a fluoro group and a trifluoromethyl group.
• the content of halogen atoms in the polyimide resin is preferably 1 to 40% by mass, more preferably 5 to 40% by mass, and further preferably 5 to 30% by mass, based on the mass of the polyimide resin.
• the content of halogen atoms is equal to or higher than the above lower limit, the elastic modulus of the film containing the polyimide resin is further improved, the water absorption rate is lowered, the YI value is further reduced, and the transparency and visibility are further improved.
• Cheap When the content of the halogen atom is not more than the above upper limit, the resin can be easily synthesized.
• the imidization ratio of the polyimide resin is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 93% or more, and further preferably 96% or more. From the viewpoint of easily increasing the optical homogeneity of the film containing the polyimide resin, the imidization ratio is preferably at least the above lower limit. The upper limit of the imidization rate is 100% or less.
• the imidization ratio indicates the ratio of the molar amount of the imide bond in the polyimide resin to the value twice the molar amount of the structural unit derived from the tetracarboxylic acid compound in the polyimide resin.
• the value is twice the molar amount of the structural unit derived from the tetracarboxylic acid compound in the polyimide resin, and the molar amount of the structural unit derived from the tricarboxylic acid compound.
• the ratio of the molar amount of the imide bond in the polyimide resin and the polyamide-imide resin to the total of the above is shown.
• the imidization ratio can be determined by an IR method, an NMR method, or the like. For example, in the NMR method, it can be measured by the method described in Examples.
• polyimide resin A commercially available product may be used as the polyimide resin.
• examples of commercially available polyimide resins include Neoprim (registered trademark) manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc., KPI-MX300F manufactured by Kawamura Sangyo Co., Ltd., and the like.
• the polyimide resin can be produced, for example, using a tetracarboxylic acid compound and a diamine compound as main raw materials, and the polyamide-imide resin can be produced, for example, using a tetracarboxylic acid compound, a dicarboxylic acid compound and a diamine compound as main raw materials.
• the dicarboxylic acid compound preferably contains at least a compound represented by the formula (3 ").
• R 1 to R 8 independently contain a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms. Represented, the hydrogen atoms contained in R 1 to R 8 may be substituted with halogen atoms independently of each other.
• A represents a single bond, -O -, - CH 2 - , - CH 2 -CH 2 -, - CH (CH 3) -, - C (CH 3) 2 -, - C (CF 3) 2 -, - Represents SO 2- , -S-, -CO- or -N (R 9 )- R 9 represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom.
• R 31 and R 32 independently represent a hydroxyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, a sec-butoxy group, a tert-butoxy group or a chlorine atom.
• the dicarboxylic acid compound is a compound represented by the formula (3 ") in which m is 0.
• the dicarboxylic acid compound is represented by the formula (3") in which m is 0. It is more preferable to use a compound represented by the formula (3 ′′) in which A is an oxygen atom in addition to the compound to be used.
• the dicarboxylic acid compound is R 31 and It is a compound represented by the formula (3 ′′) in which R 32 is a chlorine atom.
• a diisocyanate compound may be used instead of the diamine compound.
• diamine compound used in the production of the resin examples include aliphatic diamines, aromatic diamines and mixtures thereof.
• aromatic diamine represents a diamine in which an amino group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring, and an aliphatic group or other substituent may be contained in a part of the structure.
• the aromatic ring may be a monocyclic ring or a condensed ring, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, and a fluorene ring. Among these, a benzene ring is preferable.
• the "aliphatic diamine” represents a diamine in which an amino group is directly bonded to an aliphatic group, and an aromatic ring or other substituent may be contained as a part of the structure thereof.
• aliphatic diamine examples include acyclic aliphatic diamines such as hexamethylenediamine, 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, norbornanediamine and 4,4'.
• -Cyral aliphatic diamines such as diaminodicyclohexylmethane can be mentioned. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• aromatic diamine examples include p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 2,4-toluenediamine, m-xylylenediamine, p-xylylenediamine, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 2,6-diaminonaphthalene and the like.
• Aromatic amine having one aromatic ring 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylpropane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3'- Diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,3′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 1,4-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene, 1,3-bis (4) -Aminophenoxy) benzene, bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] sulfone, bis [4- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl] sulfone, 2,2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] Propane, 2,2-bis [4-
• the aromatic diamines are preferably 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylpropane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3 , 3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 1,4-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene, bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] sulfone, bis [4- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl] sulfone, 2 , 2-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2-bis [4- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 2,2'-dimethylbenzidine, 2,2'-bis ( Trifluoromethyl) -4,4'-diaminodip
• one or more selected from the group consisting of aromatic diamines having a biphenyl structure are selected from the viewpoints of high surface hardness, high transparency, high flexibility, high bending resistance and low coloring property of the optical film. It is preferable to use it.
• TFMB 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) -4,4'-diaminodiphenyl
• Examples of the tetracarboxylic acid compound used in the production of the resin include aromatic tetracarboxylic acid compounds such as aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride; and aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid compounds such as aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride. Be done.
• the tetracarboxylic acid compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the tetracarboxylic dian compound may be a tetracarboxylic dian compound analog such as an acid chloride compound in addition to the dianhydride.
• aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include non-condensed polycyclic aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, monocyclic aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, and condensed polycyclic aromatic tetraides. Examples include carboxylic dianhydride. Examples of the non-condensed polycyclic aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride include 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride and 2,2.
• 1,2-bis (2,3-dicarboxyphenyl) ethane dianhydride 1,1-bis (2,3-dicarboxyphenyl) ethane dianhydride
• 1,2-bis (3,) 4-dicarboxyphenyl) ethane dianhydride 1,1-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ethane dianhydride
• 1,1-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ethane dianhydride bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) methane dianhydride
• bis (2,3) examples thereof include -dicarboxyphenyl) methane dianhydride, 4,4'-(p-phenylenedioxy) diphthalic acid dianhydride, and 4,4'-(m-phenylenedioxy) diphthalic acid dianhydride.
• Examples of the monocyclic aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride include 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and the condensed polycyclic aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride. Examples thereof include 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride.
• Examples of the aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride include cyclic or acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
• the cyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure, and specific examples thereof include 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride.
• Cycloalkanetetracarboxylic dianhydride such as 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, bicyclo [2.2] .2] Oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, dicyclohexyl-3,3', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride and their positional isomers are listed. Be done. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride examples include 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-pentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, a cyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride and an acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride may be used in combination.
• terephthalic acid 4,4'-oxybis benzoic acid or an acid chloride compound thereof is preferably used.
• other dicarboxylic acid compounds may be used. Examples of other dicarboxylic acid compounds include aromatic dicarboxylic acids, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, acid chloride compounds related thereto, acid anhydrides, and the like, and two or more of them may be used in combination.
• dicarboxylic acid compound of isophthalic acid examples include a dicarboxylic acid compound of isophthalic acid; naphthalenedicarboxylic acid; 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid; 3,3'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid; a chain hydrocarbon having 8 or less carbon atoms, and two benzoic acids.
• examples thereof include compounds in which is single-bonded, -CH 2- , -C (CH 3 ) 2- , -C (CF 3 ) 2- , -SO 2- or linked with a phenylene group, and their acid chloride compounds.
• 4,4'-oxybis (benzoyl chloride) and terephthaloyl chloride are preferable, and 4,4'-oxybis (benzoyl chloride) and terephthaloyl chloride are more preferably used in combination.
• the polyimide resin is obtained by further reacting tetracarboxylic acid and tricarboxylic acid and their anhydrides and derivatives in addition to the tetracarboxylic acid compound as long as the various physical properties of the optical member are not impaired. May be good.
• tetracarboxylic acid examples include a water adduct of the anhydride of the above-mentioned tetracarboxylic acid compound.
• tricarboxylic acid compound examples include aromatic tricarboxylic acids, aliphatic tricarboxylic acids, acid chloride compounds related thereto, acid anhydrides, and the like, and two or more of them may be used in combination. Specific examples include an anhydride of 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid; an acid chloride compound of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid; 2,3,6-naphthalenetricarboxylic acid-2,3-anhydride; phthal.
• the amount of the diamine compound, the tetracarboxylic acid compound and / or the dicarboxylic acid compound used can be appropriately selected according to the ratio of each structural unit of the desired polyimide resin.
• the reaction temperature of the diamine compound, the tetracarboxylic acid compound and the dicarboxylic acid compound is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 5 to 350 ° C, preferably 20 to 200 ° C, and more preferably 25 to 100 ° C.
• the reaction time is also not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 30 minutes to 10 hours.
• the reaction may be carried out under conditions of an inert atmosphere or reduced pressure. In a preferred embodiment, the reaction is carried out under normal pressure and / or an inert gas atmosphere with stirring. The reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent inert to the reaction.
• the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the reaction, and for example, water, methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, etc.
• Alcohol-based solvents such as 2-butoxyethanol and propylene glycol monomethyl ether; ester-based solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, GBL, ⁇ -valerolactone, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate and ethyl lactate; acetone, Ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, methyl isobutyl ketone; aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane and heptane; alicyclic hydrocarbon solvents such as ethyl cyclohexane; toluene, xylene and the like Aromatic hydrocarbon solvent; nitrile solvent such as acetonitrile; ether solvent such as tetrahydrofuran and dimethoxyethane; chlorine-containing solvent such
• Sulfur-containing solvents such as dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; carbonate solvents such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate; and combinations thereof can be mentioned.
• an amide-based solvent can be preferably used from the viewpoint of solubility.
• imidization can be performed in the presence of an imidization catalyst.
• imidization catalysts include aliphatic amines such as tripropylamine, dibutylpropylamine, and ethyldibutylamine; N-ethylpiperidin, N-propylpiperidin, N-butylpyrrolidin, N-butylpiperidin, and N-propylhexahydro.
• Alicyclic amines such as azepine (monocyclic); azabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, azabicyclo [2.2.2] octane, and azabicyclo [3.2.
• Alicyclic amines such as nonane (polycyclic); and pyridine, 2-methylpyridine (2-picolin), 3-methylpyridine (3-picolin), 4-methylpyridine (4-picolin), 2- Ethylpyridine, 3-ethylpyridine, 4-ethylpyridine, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, 3,4-cyclopentenopyridine, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline, and Examples include aromatic amines such as isoquinolin. Further, from the viewpoint of easily promoting the imidization reaction, it is preferable to use an acid anhydride together with the imidization catalyst.
• Examples of the acid anhydride include conventional acid anhydrides used in the imidization reaction, and specific examples thereof include acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride and other aliphatic acid anhydrides, and phthalic acid and other aromatics. Acid anhydride and the like can be mentioned.
• the polyimide resin may be isolated (separated and purified) by a conventional method, for example, a separation means such as filtration, concentration, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, or column chromatography, or a separation means combining these.
• a separation means such as filtration, concentration, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, or column chromatography, or a separation means combining these.
• the reaction solution containing a transparent polyamide-imide resin can be isolated by adding a large amount of alcohol such as methanol to precipitate the resin, and concentrating, filtering, drying and the like.
• the present invention also provides an optical film formed from the varnish of the present invention.
• the optical film of the present invention can be produced by casting a film of the varnish of the present invention. Since the optical film is excellent in flexibility, bending resistance and surface hardness, it is suitable as a front plate of an image display device, particularly a front plate (window film) of a flexible display.
• the optical film may be a single layer or a multi-layer. When the optical film has multiple layers, each layer may have the same composition or may have a different composition.
• the content of the polyimide resin in the optical member is preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass, based on the total mass of the optical member. % Or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, particularly preferably 80% by mass or more, and very preferably 90% by mass or more.
• the content of the polyimide resin is at least the above lower limit, the bending resistance of the optical member is good.
• the content of the polyimide resin in the optical member is usually 100% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the optical member.
• the varnish of the present invention may contain a filler.
• the filler include organic particles and inorganic particles, and preferably inorganic particles.
• the inorganic particles include metal oxide particles such as silica, zirconia, alumina, titania, zinc oxide, germanium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), antimony oxide, and cerium oxide, magnesium fluoride, and fluoride.
• metal fluoride particles such as sodium chemicals, and among these, silica particles, zirconia particles, and alumina particles are preferable, and silica is more preferable, from the viewpoint of easily improving the impact resistance of the obtained optical film. Particles can be mentioned.
• These fillers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the average primary particle size of the filler is preferably 10 nm or more, more preferably 15 nm or more, still more preferably 20 nm or more, preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 90 nm or less, still more preferably 80 nm or less, and more. It is even more preferably 70 nm or less, particularly preferably 60 nm or less, particularly more preferably 50 nm or less, and even more preferably 40 nm or less.
• the average primary particle size of the filler can be measured by the BET method.
• the primary particle size (average primary particle size) may be measured by image analysis of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
• the content of the filler preferably the silica particles is usually 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 1% by mass or more, based on the solid content in the varnish. , More preferably 5% by mass or more, still more preferably 10% by mass or more, even more preferably 20% by mass or more, particularly preferably 30% by mass or more, and preferably 60% by mass or less.
• the content of the filler is at least the above lower limit, the elastic modulus of the obtained optical film can be easily improved.
• the content of the filler is not more than the above upper limit, the storage stability of the varnish is improved, and the optical characteristics of the obtained optical film can be easily improved.
• the varnish of the present invention may contain one or more UV absorbers.
• the ultraviolet absorber can be appropriately selected from those usually used as an ultraviolet absorber in the field of resin materials.
• the ultraviolet absorber may contain a compound that absorbs light having a wavelength of 400 nm or less.
• Examples of the ultraviolet absorber include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of benzophenone compounds, salicylate compounds, benzotriazole compounds, and triazine compounds. Since the optical member obtained from the varnish of the present invention contains an ultraviolet absorber, deterioration of the polyimide-based resin is suppressed, so that the visibility of the optical member can be improved.
• a "system compound” refers to a derivative of the compound to which the "system compound” is attached.
• the "benzophenone-based compound” refers to a compound having a benzophenone as a maternal skeleton and a substituent attached to the benzophenone.
• the content of the ultraviolet absorber is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 2% by mass or more, still more preferably 3% by mass, based on the solid content of the varnish. As described above, it is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 8% by mass or less, and further preferably 6% by mass or less.
• the suitable content depends on the ultraviolet absorber used, but if the content of the ultraviolet absorber is adjusted so that the light transmittance at 400 nm is about 20 to 60%, the light resistance of the optical member is enhanced and the transparency is improved. It is possible to obtain a high optical member.
• the varnish of the present invention may further contain other additives.
• other additives include antioxidants, mold release agents, stabilizers, bluing agents, flame retardants, pH adjusters, silica dispersants, lubricants, thickeners, leveling agents and the like.
• the content thereof is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, more preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, based on the solid content of the varnish. ..
• the present invention also provides an optical film formed from the varnish of the present invention, particularly an optical film obtained by casting a film of the varnish of the present invention. Since the optical film of the present invention is formed from a varnish in which modification of the polyimide resin is effectively suppressed or prevented even after the varnish is stored for a long period of time, it has a high total light transmittance, a low YI value, a low haze, and the like. It can have excellent optical properties.
• optical characteristic means a characteristic which can be evaluated optically including, for example, total light transmittance, YI value and haze, and "improvement of optical characteristic” means total light transmittance. Indicates that the value is high, the YI value is low, or the haze is low.
• the thickness of the optical member obtained from the varnish of the present invention, particularly the optical film, is appropriately adjusted depending on the application, but is usually 10 to 1,000 ⁇ m, preferably 15 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 400 ⁇ m, still more preferable. Is 25 to 300 ⁇ m. In the present invention, the thickness can be measured by a contact-type digital indicator.
• the total light transmittance Tt of the optical member obtained from the varnish of the present invention is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, still more preferably 85% or more, still more preferably 90% or more.
• the upper limit of the total light transmittance Tt of the optical member is usually 100% or less.
• the total light transmittance can be measured using a haze computer in accordance with, for example, JIS K 7361-1: 1997.
• the haze of the optical member is preferably 3.0% or less, more preferably 2.0% or less, still more preferably 1.0% or less, even more preferably 0.8% or less, and particularly preferably 0. It is 5% or less, more preferably 0.3% or less.
• the lower limit of the haze is not particularly limited, and may be 0% or more.
• the haze can be measured using a haze computer in accordance with JIS K 7105: 1981.
• the YI value of the optical film obtained from the varnish of the present invention is preferably 8 or less, more preferably 5 or less, still more preferably 3 or less, still more preferably 2 or less.
• the YI value is usually -5 or more, preferably -2 or more.
• the optical film can be calculated based on the formula of 1.0592Z) / Y. For example, it may be measured by the method described in Examples.
• the total light transmittance, the haze and the YI value are stored. It may be the total light transmittance, haze and YI value of the optical film formed from the later varnish.
• the varnish of the present invention can be used to manufacture the above-mentioned optical members, for example, optical films.
• the manufacturing method is not particularly limited.
• the following process (A) A step of applying the varnish of the present invention on a support to form a coating film (coating step), and (b) drying the applied liquid (polyimide resin varnish) to an optical member, particularly optical Step of forming a film (polyimide resin film) (forming step)
• the optical member can be manufactured by a manufacturing method including. Steps (a) and (b) can usually be performed in this order.
• the varnish of the present invention is prepared by dissolving the polyimide resin powder in a solvent, adding the above-mentioned ultraviolet absorber and other additives as necessary, and stirring the mixture.
• the solvent used for preparing the varnish in addition to the GBL described above, another solvent may be used in combination.
• other solvents include amide solvents such as N, N-dimethylacetamide and N, N-dimethylformamide; lactone solvents such as ⁇ -valerolactone; sulfur-containing solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; Carbonated solvents such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate; and combinations thereof can be mentioned.
• amide solvent or a lactone solvent is preferable.
• the varnish may contain water, an alcohol solvent, a ketone solvent, an acyclic ester solvent, an ether solvent and the like.
• a coating film is formed on a support such as a resin base material, a SUS belt, or a glass base material by salivation molding or the like using a polyimide resin varnish. Can be formed.
• the optical member can be formed by drying the coating film and peeling it from the base material. After the peeling, a drying step of further drying the optical member may be performed.
• the coating film can usually be dried at a temperature of 50 to 350 ° C. If necessary, the coating film may be dried under conditions of an inert atmosphere or reduced pressure.
• a surface treatment step of applying a surface treatment to at least one surface of the optical member may be performed.
• the surface treatment include UV ozone treatment, plasma treatment, and corona discharge treatment.
• the resin base material examples include metal belts such as SUS, PET films, PEN films, polyimide films, and polyamide-imide films.
• metal belts such as SUS, PET films, PEN films, polyimide films, and polyamide-imide films.
• PET film, PEN film, polyimide film, and other polyamide-imide film are preferable from the viewpoint of excellent heat resistance. Further, the PET film is more preferable from the viewpoint of adhesion to the optical member and cost.
• an optical member for example, an optical film having a reduced YI
• (a) a step of applying the varnish of the present invention on a support to form a coating film, and (b) a coating film are applied.
• the drying temperature of the coating film is preferably 100 to 240 ° C., more preferably 120 to 220 ° C., and even more preferably 150 to 220 ° C.
• the optical member that can be manufactured using the varnish of the present invention has a high elastic modulus and flexibility.
• the elastic modulus of the optical member is preferably 3.0 GPa or more, more preferably 4.0 GPa or more, still more preferably 5.0 GPa or more, and particularly preferably 6.0 GPa or more. It is preferably 10.0 GPa or less, more preferably 8.0 GPa or less, still more preferably 7.0 GPa or less.
• the elastic modulus is determined by measuring the SS curve of a test piece having a width of 10 mm under the conditions of a distance between chucks of 50 mm and a tensile speed of 20 mm / min using, for example, an Autograph AG-IS manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. Can be measured.
• the optical member particularly an optical film, has excellent bending resistance.
• the number of reciprocating bends of the optical member is not limited, but it is usually sufficiently practical if it can be bent 1,000,000 times.
• the number of reciprocating bends can be determined, for example, by using a MIT folding fatigue resistance tester (model 0530) manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd. using a test piece (optical member) having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m and a width of 10 mm.
• the optical member can exhibit excellent transparency. Therefore, the optical member is very useful as an image display device, particularly a front plate (window film) of a flexible display.
• the optical member has a YI value based on JIS K 7373: 2006, preferably 5 or less, more preferably 3 or less, still more preferably 2.5 or less, still more preferably 2. It is 0 or less.
• An optical member having a YI value of not more than the above upper limit can contribute to high visibility of a display device or the like.
• the YI value of the optical member is preferably 0 or more.
• the optical film of the present invention can also form an optical laminate by laminating one or more functional layers on at least one surface.
• the functional layer include an ultraviolet absorbing layer, a hard coat layer, a primer layer, a gas barrier layer, an adhesive layer, a hue adjusting layer, and a refractive index adjusting layer.
• the functional layer can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the ultraviolet absorbing layer is a layer having an ultraviolet absorbing function.
• a main material selected from an ultraviolet curable transparent resin, an electron beam curable transparent resin, and a thermosetting transparent resin, and the main material thereof. It is composed of a dispersed ultraviolet absorber.
• a hard coat layer may be provided on at least one surface of the optical film of the present invention.
• the thickness of the hard coat layer is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 2 to 100 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the hard coat layer is within the above range, the impact resistance is likely to be enhanced.
• the hard coat layer can be formed by curing a hard coat composition containing a reactive material capable of forming a crosslinked structure by irradiation with active energy rays or by applying thermal energy, and a hard coat layer is preferably formed by irradiation with active energy rays.
• Active energy rays are defined as energy rays that can generate active species by decomposing compounds that generate active species, and are visible light, ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, X-rays, ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, and electron beams. And the like, preferably ultraviolet rays.
• the hard coat composition contains at least one polymer of a radically polymerizable compound and a cationically polymerizable compound.
• the radically polymerizable compound is a compound having a radically polymerizable group.
• the radically polymerizable group contained in the radically polymerizable compound may be any functional group capable of causing a radical polymerization reaction, and examples thereof include a group containing a carbon-carbon unsaturated double bond, and specifically, a vinyl group. , (Meta) acryloyl group and the like.
• the radically polymerizable compound has two or more radically polymerizable groups, these radically polymerizable groups may be the same or different from each other.
• the number of radically polymerizable groups contained in one molecule of the radically polymerizable compound is preferably 2 or more from the viewpoint of improving the hardness of the hard coat layer.
• Examples of the radically polymerizable compound include compounds having a (meth) acryloyl group from the viewpoint of high reactivity, and specifically, 2 to 6 (meth) acryloyl groups are contained in one molecule.
• Thousands of oligomers are mentioned, preferably one or more selected from epoxy (meth) acrylates, urethane (meth) acrylates and polyester (meth) acrylates.
• the cationically polymerizable compound is a compound having a cationically polymerizable group such as an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group, and a vinyl ether group.
• the number of cationically polymerizable groups contained in one molecule of the cationically polymerizable compound is preferably 2 or more, and more preferably 3 or more, from the viewpoint of improving the hardness of the hard coat layer.
• a compound having at least one epoxy group and an oxetanyl group as the cationically polymerizable group is preferable.
• a cyclic ether group such as an epoxy group or an oxetanyl group is preferable because the shrinkage associated with the polymerization reaction is small. Further, among the cyclic ether groups, compounds having an epoxy group are easily available, compounds having various structures are easily available, the durability of the obtained hard coat layer is not adversely affected, and compatibility with radically polymerizable compounds is easily controlled. There is an advantage. Further, among the cyclic ether groups, the oxetanyl group tends to have a higher degree of polymerization than the epoxy group and has low toxicity, accelerates the network formation rate obtained from the cationically polymerizable compound of the obtained hard coat layer, and radicals.
• the cationically polymerizable compound having an epoxy group examples include polyglycidyl ether of a polyhydric alcohol having an alicyclic ring, or a compound containing a cyclohexene ring or a cyclopentene ring with an appropriate oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide or peracid.
• Alicyclic epoxy resin obtained by epoxidation polyglycidyl ether of aliphatic polyhydric alcohol or its alkylene oxide adduct, polyglycidyl ester of aliphatic long chain polybasic acid, homopolymer of glycidyl (meth) acrylate, An aliphatic epoxy resin such as a copolymer; a glycidyl ether produced by reacting bisphenols such as bisphenol A, bisphenol F and hydrogenated bisphenol A, or derivatives such as alkylene oxide adducts and caprolactone adducts thereof with epichlorohydrin. And glycidyl ether type epoxy resin which is a novolak epoxy resin and is derived from bisphenols and the like.
• the hard coat composition may further contain a polymerization initiator.
• the polymerization initiator include a radical polymerization initiator, a cationic polymerization initiator, a radical and a cationic polymerization initiator, and the like, which are appropriately selected and used. These polymerization initiators are decomposed by at least one of active energy ray irradiation and heating to generate radicals or cations to promote radical polymerization and cation polymerization.
• the radical polymerization initiator may be any as long as it can release a substance that initiates radical polymerization by at least one of irradiation with active energy rays and heating.
• thermal radical polymerization initiator examples include organic peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide and perbenzoic acid, and azo compounds such as azobisbutyronitrile.
• Active energy ray radical polymerization initiators include Type 1 radical polymerization initiators, which generate radicals by decomposition of molecules, and Type 2 radical polymerization initiators, which coexist with tertiary amines and generate radicals by hydrogen abstraction type reactions. Yes, they are used alone or in combination.
• the cationic polymerization initiator may be any one as long as it can release a substance that initiates cationic polymerization by at least one of activation energy ray irradiation and heating.
• an aromatic iodonium salt an aromatic sulfonium salt, a cyclopentadienyl iron (II) complex and the like can be used. These can initiate cationic polymerization by either irradiation with active energy rays or heating, depending on the structure.
• the polymerization initiator can preferably contain 0.1 to 10% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the entire hard coat composition.
• the content of the polymerization initiator is in the above range, curing can proceed sufficiently, and the mechanical properties and adhesive strength of the finally obtained coating film can be in a good range. Poor adhesive strength due to curing shrinkage, cracking phenomenon, and curling phenomenon tend to be less likely to occur.
• the hard coat composition may further comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of solvents and additives.
• the solvent can dissolve or disperse the polymerizable compound and the polymerization initiator, and any solvent known as a solvent for hard coat compositions in the present art does not impair the effects of the present invention. In the range, it can be used.
• the additive may further contain inorganic particles, a leveling agent, a stabilizer, a surfactant, an antistatic agent, a lubricant, an antifouling agent and the like.
• the adhesive layer is a layer having an adhesive function, and has a function of adhering an optical film to another member.
• a material for forming the adhesive layer a commonly known material can be used.
• a thermosetting resin composition or a photocurable resin composition can be used.
• the resin composition can be polymerized and cured by supplying energy after the fact.
• the adhesive layer may be a layer called a pressure-sensitive adhesive (Pressure Sensitive Adhesive, PSA), which is attached to an object by pressing.
• PSA Pressure Sensitive Adhesive
• the pressure-sensitive adhesive may be an adhesive that is "a substance that has adhesiveness at room temperature and adheres to an adherend with a light pressure” (JIS K6800), and “protects a specific component (microcapsule)". It may be a capsule type adhesive which is "an adhesive which can maintain stability until the film is destroyed by an appropriate means (pressure, heat, etc.)" (JIS K6800).
• the hue adjustment layer is a layer having a hue adjustment function, and is a layer capable of adjusting the optical laminate to a desired hue.
• the hue adjusting layer is, for example, a layer containing a resin and a colorant.
• the colorant include inorganic pigments such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, petals, titanium oxide-based calcined pigments, ultramarine blue, cobalt aluminate, and carbon black; azo compounds, quinacridone compounds, anthracinone compounds, and the like.
• Organic pigments such as perylene compounds, isoindolinone compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, quinophthalone compounds, slene compounds, and diketopyrrolopyrrole compounds; extender pigments such as barium sulfate and calcium carbonate; and basic dyes, Examples thereof include dyes such as acidic dyes and medium dyes.
• the refractive index adjusting layer is a layer having a function of adjusting the refractive index, for example, a layer having a refractive index different from that of an optical film and capable of imparting a predetermined refractive index to the optical laminate.
• the refractive index adjusting layer may be, for example, a resin layer appropriately selected and, if necessary, a resin layer further containing a pigment, or a thin film of metal.
• the pigment for adjusting the refractive index include silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, antimony oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide and tantalum oxide.
• the average primary particle size of the pigment may be 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
• the metal used for the refractive index adjusting layer include metals such as titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxynitride, titanium nitride, silicon oxynitride, and silicon nitride. Oxides or metal nitrides can be mentioned.
• the optical laminate may further contain a protective film.
• the protective film may be laminated on one side or both sides of the optical film.
• the protective film may be laminated on the surface on the optical film side or the surface on the functional layer side, or may be laminated on both the optical film side and the functional layer side. It is also good.
• the protective film may be laminated on the surface of one functional layer side or may be laminated on the surfaces of both functional layers.
• the protective film is a film for temporarily protecting the surface of the optical film or the functional layer, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a peelable film capable of protecting the surface of the optical film or the functional layer.
• the protective film examples include polyester resin films such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate; polyolefin resin films such as polyethylene and polypropylene films, acrylic resin films, and the like, and polyolefin resin films and polyethylene. It is preferable to select from the group consisting of a terephthalate resin film and an acrylic resin film. When the optical laminate has two protective films, each protective film may be the same or different.
• the thickness of the protective film is not particularly limited, but is usually 10 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 80 ⁇ m, and more preferably 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
• the thickness of each protective film may be the same or different.
• the optical laminate may be wound around a winding core in a roll shape, and this form is referred to as a laminate film roll.
• the material constituting the winding core include synthetic resins such as polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, silicon resin, polyurethane resin, polycarbonate resin, and ABS resin; aluminum. And the like; fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP: composite materials in which fibers such as glass fibers are contained in plastics to improve strength) and the like can be mentioned.
• the winding core has a cylindrical or columnar shape, and its diameter is, for example, 80 to 170 mm.
• the diameter of the laminated film roll is not particularly limited, but is usually 200 to 800 mm.
• the laminated film roll is a laminate having a support, an optical film, and optionally a functional layer and a protective film without peeling the support from the optical film in the process of manufacturing the optical film. It may have a form wound around the winding core in a roll shape. Laminated film rolls are often temporarily stored in the form of film rolls due to space and other restrictions in continuous production, and in the form of laminated film rolls, the laminates are more tightly wound and supported. Substances that cause cloudiness on the body are easily transferred onto the optical film. However, when a support having a predetermined contact angle with water is used, the cloudy substance from the support is unlikely to be transferred to the optical film, and even if it is wrapped with a laminated film roll, cloudiness is unlikely to occur.
• the above optical member may include a functional layer such as an ultraviolet absorbing layer, an adhesive layer, a hue adjusting layer, and a refractive index adjusting layer, and a hard coat layer.
• a functional layer such as an ultraviolet absorbing layer, an adhesive layer, a hue adjusting layer, and a refractive index adjusting layer, and a hard coat layer.
• the optical member (for example, an optical film) manufactured by using the varnish of the present invention is useful as a front plate of an image display device, particularly a front plate of a flexible display, particularly a front plate (window film) of a rollable display or a foldable display. is there.
• the optical member can be arranged as a front plate on the visible side surface of an image display device, particularly a flexible display. This front plate has a function of protecting the image display element in the flexible display.
• the image display device provided with the optical member has high flexibility and bending resistance, and at the same time, has high surface hardness, so that other members are not damaged when bent, and the optical member itself is also wrinkled. Is unlikely to occur, and scratches on the surface can be advantageously suppressed.
• the optical film of the present invention is formed from the varnish of the present invention and has excellent optical characteristics, it can be suitably used as a front plate (window film) of an image display device.
• the optical film of the present invention can be arranged as a front plate on the viewing side surface of an image display device, particularly a flexible display.
• the front plate has a function of protecting the image display element in the flexible display.
• the image display device include wearable devices such as televisions, smartphones, mobile phones, car navigation systems, tablet PCs, portable game machines, electronic papers, indicators, bulletin boards, watches, and smart watches.
• the flexible display include an image display device having flexible characteristics, such as a television, a smartphone, a mobile phone, and a smart watch.
• the image display device may include the optical film of the present invention and at least one selected from the group consisting of a polarizing plate, a touch sensor and a display panel.
• a polarizing plate, a touch sensor, and a display panel are laminated on one side of the optical film with or without a transparent adhesive or a transparent adhesive may be used.
• the optical film of the present invention may be incorporated in the image display device as the optical laminate, and the optical film included in the image display device may be the optical laminate.
• the image display device can be provided with a colored light-shielding pattern printed on at least one surface of the optical film or the polarizing plate so as to surround the frame, and the light-shielding pattern may be a single layer or It may be in the form of multiple layers.
• the polarizing plate can be continuously extended over the non-display region or the bezel portion, and usually includes a polyvinyl alcohol-based polarizer and a protective layer laminated (or bonded) on at least one surface of the polyvinyl alcohol-based polarizer. It may be a polarizing plate of.
• the arrangement order of the polarizing plate and the touch sensor is not limited, and the optical film, the polarizing plate, the touch sensor and the display are not limited.
• the panels can be arranged in this order, or the optical film, the touch sensor, the polarizing plate, and the display panel can be arranged in this order.
• the touch sensor is located under the polarizing plate when the image display device is viewed from the viewing side, so that the pattern of the touch sensor is difficult to see.
• the touch sensor substrate preferably has a front phase difference of ⁇ 2.5 nm or less.
• the substrate material is a non-stretched film, for example, one or more materials selected from the group consisting of materials such as triacetyl cellulose, triacetyl cellulose, cycloolefin, cycloolefin copolymer, and polynorbornene copolymer. It may be a film. On the other hand, it is possible to have a structure in which only the pattern is transferred to the optical film and the polarizing plate without the substrate of the touch sensor.
• the polarizing plate and the touch sensor can be arranged between the optical film and the display panel by a transparent adhesive layer or a transparent adhesive layer, but the transparent adhesive layer is preferable.
• the transparent adhesive layer can be located between the optical film and the polarizing plate, and between the touch sensor and the display panel.
• the transparent adhesive layer may be arranged between the optical film and the touch sensor, between the touch sensor and the polarizing plate, and between the polarizing plate and the display panel. it can.
• the thickness of the transparent adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
• the thickness of the transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive layer at the bottom (display panel side) is equal to or larger than the thickness of the transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive layer at the top (optical film side), and the viscoelasticity is 0 at ⁇ 20 to 80 ° C. It is preferably 2 MPa or less.
• the noise generated by the interference between the touch sensor and the display panel can be reduced, the interfacial stress at the time of bending can be relaxed, and the destruction of the upper and lower members can be suppressed.
• the viscoelasticity may be 0.01 to 0.15 MPa from the viewpoint of suppressing cohesive failure of the transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive and at the same time relaxing the interfacial stress.
• the polarizing plate may include, for example, a polarizing element and, if necessary, at least one selected from a support, an alignment film, a retardation coating layer, an adhesive layer, an adhesive layer and a protective layer. Good.
• the thickness of the polarizing plate is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 100 ⁇ m or less. If the thickness is 100 ⁇ m or less, the flexibility is unlikely to decrease. Within the above range, it may be, for example, 5 to 100 ⁇ m.
• the polarizer may be a film-type polarizer usually used in the art manufactured by a process including steps of swelling, dyeing, cross-linking, stretching, washing with water, drying, and the like of a polyvinyl alcohol-based film, and may be polymerized. It may be a coating type polarizer (sometimes referred to as a polarizing coating layer) formed by applying a polarizing coating layer forming composition containing a sex liquid crystal and a dichroic dye. In the polarizing coating layer (sometimes simply referred to as a polarizing layer), for example, an alignment film forming composition is applied onto a support to impart orientation to form an alignment film, and a polymerizable liquid crystal is formed on the alignment film.
• a coating type polarizer sometimes referred to as a polarizing coating layer
• an alignment film forming composition is applied onto a support to impart orientation to form an alignment film, and a polymerizable liquid crystal is formed on the alignment film.
• a polarizing coating layer forming composition containing a compound and a dichroic dye can be formed to be thinner than a polarizing plate including a protective layer attached to both sides of a film-type polarizing element with an adhesive.
• the thickness of the polarizing coating layer may be 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 4 ⁇ m.
• the polymer film exemplified above can be used as the protective film.
• the alignment film can be formed by applying the alignment film forming composition.
• the alignment film forming composition can contain an alignment agent, a photopolymerization initiator and a solvent usually used in the art.
• an alignment agent usually used in the art can be used without particular limitation.
• a polyacrylate-based polymer, a polyamic acid, a polyimide-based polymer, or a polymer containing a cinnamate group can be used as an alignment agent, and when photo-orientation is applied, a polymer containing a cinnamate group should be used. Is preferable.
• the solvent examples include alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, methyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, GBL, and propylene glycol methyl ether.
• alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, methyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, GBL, and propylene glycol methyl ether.
• Ester solvents such as acetate and ethyl lactate, ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, methyl amyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane and heptane, and aromatics such as toluene and xylene. Examples thereof include group hydrocarbon solvents, nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile, ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and dimethoxyethane, and chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents such as chloroform and chlorobenzene.
• the solvent can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the coating of the alignment film forming composition may include, for example, a spin coating method, an extrusion molding method, a dip coating, a flow coating, a spray coating, a roll coating, a gravure coating, a micro gravure coating and the like, and an in-line coating method is preferable.
• a spin coating method for example, a spin coating method, an extrusion molding method, a dip coating, a flow coating, a spray coating, a roll coating, a gravure coating, a micro gravure coating and the like, and an in-line coating method is preferable.
• an alignment treatment is performed.
• various methods well known in the art can be adopted without limitation, and preferably, photoalignment film formation can be used.
• the photoalignment film is usually obtained by applying a composition for forming a photoalignment film containing a polymer or monomer having a photoreactive group and a solvent to a support and irradiating the support with polarized light (preferably polarized UV). Be done.
• polarized light preferably polarized UV.
• the photoalignment film is more preferable in that the direction of the orientation regulating force can be arbitrarily controlled by selecting the polarization direction of the polarized light to be irradiated.
• the thickness of the photoalignment film is usually 10 to 10,000 nm, preferably 10 to 1,000 nm, and more preferably 10 to 500 nm. When the thickness of the photoalignment film is within the above range, the orientation regulating force is sufficiently exhibited.
• the polarizing coating layer can be formed by applying a polarizing coating layer forming composition.
• the polarizing coating layer forming composition is a polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing one or more polymerizable liquid crystals (hereinafter, may be referred to as polymerizable liquid crystal (B)) serving as a host compound in addition to the dichroic dye.
• a product hereinafter, may be referred to as a polymerizable liquid crystal composition B).
• the "dichroic dye” means a dye having a property that the absorbance in the major axis direction and the absorbance in the minor axis direction of the molecule are different. As long as it has such properties, the dichroic dye is not limited and may be a dye or a pigment. Two or more kinds of dyes may be used in combination, two or more kinds of pigments may be used in combination, or a dye and a pigment may be used in combination.
• the dichroic dye preferably has a maximum absorption wavelength ( ⁇ MAX ) in the range of 300 to 700 nm.
• a dichroic dye examples include an acrydin dye, an oxazine dye, a cyanine dye, a naphthalene dye, an azo dye and an anthraquinone dye, and preferably an azo dye.
• the azo dye examples include a monoazo dye, a bisazo dye, a trisazo dye, a tetrakisazo dye and a stilbene azo dye, and preferably a bisazo dye and a trisazo dye.
• the liquid crystal state indicated by the polymerizable liquid crystal (B) is preferably a smectic phase, and is more preferably a higher-order smectic phase in that a polarizing layer having a higher degree of orientation order can be produced.
• a polymerizable liquid crystal (B) exhibiting a smectic phase is referred to as a polymerizable smectic liquid crystal compound.
• the polymerizable liquid crystal (B) can be used alone or in combination. When two or more kinds of polymerizable liquid crystals are combined, at least one kind is preferably a polymerizable liquid crystal (B), and more preferably two or more kinds are a polymerizable liquid crystal (B).
• the polymerizable liquid crystal (B) is described in, for example, Lub et al. Recl. Trav. Chim. It is produced by a known method described in Pays-Bas, 115, 321-328 (1996), Japanese Patent No. 4719156, and the like.
• the content of the dichroic dye in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition B can be appropriately adjusted according to the type of the dichroic dye and the like, but is preferably 0.1 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal (B).
• the polymerizable liquid crystal (B) can be polymerized without disturbing the orientation, and the orientation of the polymerizable liquid crystal (B) is less likely to be inhibited.
• the polymerizable liquid crystal composition B preferably contains a solvent.
• a solvent include the same solvents as those contained in the above-mentioned oriented polymer composition, and can be appropriately selected depending on the solubility of the polymerizable liquid crystal (B) and the dichroic dye.
• the content of the solvent is preferably 50 to 98% by mass with respect to the total amount of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition B.
• the solid content in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition B is preferably 2 to 50% by mass with respect to the total amount of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition B.
• the polymerizable liquid crystal composition B preferably contains one or more leveling agents.
• the leveling agent has a function of adjusting the fluidity of the composition B and flattening the coating film obtained by applying the polymerizable liquid crystal composition B, and specific examples thereof include a surfactant. it can.
• the content thereof is preferably 0.05 to 0.05 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal. Is.
• the content of the leveling agent is within the above range, it is easy to horizontally orient the polymerizable liquid crystal, and the obtained polarizing layer tends to be smoother.
• the content of the leveling agent with respect to the polymerizable liquid crystal is within the above range, the obtained polarizing layer tends to have less unevenness.
• the polymerizable liquid crystal composition B preferably contains one or more kinds of polymerization initiators.
• the polymerization initiator is a compound capable of initiating the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable liquid crystal (B), and the photopolymerization initiator is preferable in that the polymerization reaction can be started under lower temperature conditions.
• Specific examples thereof include photopolymerization initiators capable of generating active radicals or acids by the action of light, and among them, photopolymerization initiators that generate radicals by the action of light are preferable.
• the polymerization initiator include benzoin compounds, benzophenone compounds, alkylphenone compounds, acylphosphine oxide compounds, triazine compounds, iodonium salts and sulfonium salts.
• the content thereof can be appropriately adjusted according to the type and amount of the polymerizable liquid crystal contained in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition, but the polymerizable liquid crystal It is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, and further preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass.
• the polymerizable liquid crystal (B) can be polymerized without disturbing the orientation.
• the polymerizable liquid crystal composition B may further contain a light increasing / decreasing agent.
• the polymerizable liquid crystal composition B contains a photopolymerization initiator and a light increasing / decreasing agent
• the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable liquid crystal contained in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition can be further promoted.
• the amount of the photoinitiator used can be appropriately adjusted according to the type and amount of the photopolymerization initiator and the polymerizable liquid crystal, but is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal. It is preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by mass.
• the polymerizable liquid crystal composition B may contain an appropriate amount of a polymerization inhibitor, thereby controlling the degree of progress of the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable liquid crystal. It will be easier to do.
• the polymerizable liquid crystal composition B contains a polymerization inhibitor, the content thereof can be appropriately adjusted according to the type and amount of the polymerizable liquid crystal, the amount of the light increasing / decreasing agent used, and the like, but the polymerizable liquid crystal 100 It is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, and further preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by mass with respect to parts by mass. When the content of the polymerization inhibitor is within this range, the polymerizable liquid crystal can be polymerized without disturbing the orientation.
• the polarizing coating layer is usually formed by applying a polarizing coating layer forming composition onto a support that has been subjected to an orientation treatment, and polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal in the obtained coating film.
• the method of applying the polarizing coating layer forming composition is not limited.
• the orientation treatment include those exemplified above.
• a dry film is formed by applying the polarizing coating layer forming composition and drying and removing the solvent under the condition that the polymerizable liquid crystal contained in the obtained coating film does not polymerize.
• the drying method include a natural drying method, a ventilation drying method, a heat drying method, and a vacuum drying method.
• the liquid crystal state of the polymerizable smectic liquid crystal compound contained in the dry film is changed to the nematic phase (nematic liquid crystal state) and then transferred to the smectic phase.
• the dry coating is heated to a temperature at which the polymerizable smectic liquid crystal compound contained in the dry coating undergoes a phase transition to the liquid crystal state of the nematic phase, and then the polymerizable smectic is formed.
• a method is adopted in which the liquid crystal compound is cooled to a temperature indicating the liquid crystal state of the smectic phase. Subsequently, a method of setting the liquid crystal state of the polymerizable liquid crystal in the dry film to the smectic phase and then photopolymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal while maintaining the liquid crystal state of the smectic phase will be described.
• the light irradiated to the dry film depends on the type of photopolymerization initiator contained in the dry film, the type of polymerizable liquid crystal (particularly, the type of photopolymerizable group contained in the polymerizable liquid crystal), and the amount thereof.
• Appropriate selection can be made, and specific examples thereof include active energy rays selected from the group consisting of visible light, ultraviolet light, and laser light.
• active energy rays selected from the group consisting of visible light, ultraviolet light, and laser light.
• ultraviolet light is preferable because it is easy to control the progress of the polymerization reaction and it is possible to use a photopolymerization apparatus widely used in the art.
• the polymerizable liquid crystal is polymerized while maintaining the liquid crystal state of the smectic phase, preferably the higher-order smectic phase, to form a polarizing layer.
• the polarizing plate may include a retardation coating layer (sometimes referred to simply as a retardation layer).
• the retardation coating layer is collectively referred to as a ⁇ / 2 layer, a ⁇ / 4 layer, a positive C layer, or the like, depending on the optical characteristics.
• the retardation coating layer is formed by, for example, applying a retardation coating layer forming composition containing a liquid crystal compound on an alignment film of a support having an alignment film formed on its surface to form a liquid crystal coating layer, and then the liquid crystal coating layer. Can be formed by sticking to the polarizing layer via the adhesive layer and then peeling off the support, but the method is not limited to this method.
• the polymer film exemplified above can be used as the protective film, and the surface of the support on the side where the alignment film and the retardation layer are formed is surface-treated before the alignment film is formed. You can also.
• the alignment film forming composition and a method for applying and drying the same are the same as those described for the polarizing coating layer.
• the composition of the retardation coating layer forming composition is the same as that described for the polarizing coating layer, except that it does not contain a dichroic dye. Further, the coating, drying and curing methods of the retardation coating layer forming composition are the same as those described for the polarizing coating layer.
• the thickness of the retardation coating layer may be preferably 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 4 ⁇ m.
• the optical characteristics of the retardation coating layer can be adjusted depending on the thickness of the coating layer, the orientation state of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, and the like.
• the in-plane retardation value (in-plane retardation value, Re) is a value defined by the mathematical formula (1), and ⁇ n and the thickness (d) may be adjusted in order to obtain a desired Re.
• Ny represents the refractive index in the direction parallel to the retardation layer plane in the refractive index ellipsoid formed by the retardation layer
• nz represents the retardation in the direction orthogonal to the direction of nx.
• the refractive index of the ellipsoidal refractive index formed by the layers represents the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the retardation layer.
• the range of the in-plane retardation value Re (550) is It is usually 113 to 163 nm, preferably 130 to 150 nm.
• the range of Re (550) is usually 250 to 300 nm, preferably 250 to 300 nm).
• a retardation layer that develops a retardation in the thickness direction can be produced according to the orientation state of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
• Expressing the phase difference in the thickness direction means expressing the characteristic that the phase difference value Rth in the thickness direction is negative in the mathematical formula (2).
• Rth [(nx + ny) /2-nz] ⁇ d ...
• the range of the in-plane retardation value Re (550) of the positive C layer is usually 0 to 10 nm, preferably 0 to 5 nm, and the range of the phase difference value Rth in the thickness direction is usually -10 to ⁇ 300 nm, preferably ⁇ . It is 20 to -200 nm.
• the polarizing plate may have two or more retardation coating layers, and when it has two retardation coating layers, the first retardation coating layer is a ⁇ / 4 layer for forming circularly polarized light.
• the second retardation coating layer may be a positive C layer for improving the tint seen from an oblique angle. Further, the first retardation coating layer may be a positive C layer for improving the tint seen from an oblique angle, and the second retardation coating layer may be a ⁇ / 4 layer for forming circularly polarized light.
• the polarizing plate may include an adhesive layer and / or an adhesive layer.
• the polarizing coating layer and the first retardation coating layer, or the first retardation coating layer and the second retardation coating layer can be bonded via an adhesive or an adhesive.
• the adhesive forming the adhesive layer a water-based adhesive, an active energy ray-curable adhesive or a thermosetting adhesive can be used, and a water-based adhesive or an active energy ray-curable adhesive is preferable.
• the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer those described later can be used.
• water-based adhesive examples include an adhesive composed of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin aqueous solution, a water-based two-component urethane-based emulsion adhesive, and the like. Of these, a water-based adhesive composed of an aqueous solution of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is preferably used.
• the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin examples include vinyl alcohol homopolymers obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate, which is a homopolymer of vinyl acetate, and co-polymers of vinyl acetate and other monomers copolymerizable therewith.
• a polyvinyl alcohol-based copolymer obtained by saponifying the polymer, or a modified polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer in which the hydroxyl groups thereof are partially modified can be used.
• the water-based adhesive may contain a cross-linking agent such as an aldehyde compound (glioxal or the like), an epoxy compound, a melamine compound, a methylol compound, an isocyanate compound, an amine compound, or a polyvalent metal salt.
• the active energy ray-curable adhesive is an adhesive containing a curable compound that is cured by irradiation with active energy rays such as ultraviolet rays, visible light, electron beams, and X-rays, and is preferably an ultraviolet curable adhesive. Is.
• the curable compound can be a cationically polymerizable curable compound or a radically polymerizable curable compound.
• the cationically polymerizable curable compound include an epoxy compound (a compound having one or more epoxy groups in the molecule) and an oxetane compound (one or two or more oxetane rings in the molecule). A compound having the above, or a combination thereof.
• the radically polymerizable curable compound include a (meth) acrylic compound (a compound having one or more (meth) acryloyloxy groups in the molecule) and a radically polymerizable double bond. Other vinyl compounds or combinations thereof can be mentioned.
• a cationically polymerizable curable compound and a radically polymerizable curable compound may be used in combination.
• the active energy ray-curable adhesive usually further contains a cationic polymerization initiator and / or a radical polymerization initiator for initiating the curing reaction of the curable compound.
• a surface activation treatment may be applied to at least one of the bonded surfaces in order to enhance the adhesiveness.
• the surface activation treatment includes dry treatment such as corona treatment, plasma treatment, discharge treatment (glow discharge treatment, etc.), flame treatment, ozone treatment, UV ozone treatment, ionization active ray treatment (ultraviolet ray treatment, electron beam treatment, etc.).
• Wet treatments such as ultrasonic treatment using a solvent such as water or acetone, saponification treatment, and anchor coating treatment can be mentioned. These surface activation treatments may be performed alone or in combination of two or more.
• the thickness of the adhesive layer can be adjusted according to the adhesive force, and may be preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m. In one embodiment of the present invention, when a plurality of the adhesive layers are used, they can be manufactured with the same material or different materials, and can have the same thickness or different thicknesses.
• the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may be composed of a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition containing a resin such as (meth) acrylic resin, rubber-based resin, polyurethane-based resin, polyester-based resin, silicone-based resin, and polyvinyl ether-based resin as a main component. it can. Among them, a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition using a polyester resin or a (meth) acrylic resin having excellent transparency, weather resistance, heat resistance and the like as a base polymer is preferable.
• the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition may be an active energy ray-curable type or a thermosetting type.
• the pressure-sensitive adhesive resin used in the present invention one having a weight average molecular weight of 300,000 to 4 million is usually used.
• the weight average molecular weight is preferably 500,000 to 3,000,000, more preferably 650,000 to 2,000,000.
• the weight average molecular weight is larger than 300,000, it is preferable in terms of heat resistance, and when the weight average molecular weight is smaller than 4 million, it is also preferable in that the adhesiveness and adhesive strength are lowered.
• the weight average molecular weight is a value measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) and calculated in terms of polystyrene.
• the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition can contain a cross-linking agent.
• a cross-linking agent an organic cross-linking agent or a polyfunctional metal chelate can be used.
• the organic cross-linking agent include isocyanate-based cross-linking agents, peroxide-based cross-linking agents, epoxy-based cross-linking agents, and imine-based cross-linking agents.
• a polyfunctional metal chelate is one in which a polyvalent metal is covalently or coordinated to an organic compound. Examples of the polyvalent metal atom include Al, Cr, Zr, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, V, Zn, In, Ca, Mg, Mn, Y, Ce, Sr, Ba, Mo, La, Sn, Ti and the like. Can be mentioned.
• Examples of the atom in the organic compound having a covalent bond or a coordination bond include an oxygen atom, and examples of the organic compound include an alkyl ester, an alcohol compound, a carboxylic acid compound, an ether compound, and a ketone compound.
• the amount used is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.03 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the pressure-sensitive adhesive resin. If the amount of the cross-linking agent exceeds 0.01 parts by mass, the cohesive force of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer tends not to be insufficient and foaming is less likely to occur during heating. On the other hand, if it is less than 20 parts by mass, the moisture resistance is sufficient. Yes, peeling is less likely to occur in reliability tests and the like.
• the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition preferably contains a silane coupling agent as an additive.
• the silane coupling agent include silicon compounds having an epoxy structure such as 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, and 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane; Amino group-containing silicon compounds such as 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) 3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane; 3-chloro Propyltrimethoxysilane; (meth) acrylic group-containing silane coupling agents such as acetoacetyl group-containing trimethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxys
• the silane coupling agent can impart durability, particularly the effect of suppressing peeling in a humidified environment.
• the amount of the silane coupling agent used is preferably 1 part by mass or less, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass, and further preferably 0.02 to 0.6 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the pressure-sensitive adhesive resin. is there.
• the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition may contain other known additives.
• the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition may contain powders such as colorants and pigments, dyes, surfactants, plasticizers, and tackiness. Excipients, surface lubricants, leveling agents, softeners, antioxidants, anti-aging agents, light stabilizers, UV absorbers, polymerization inhibitors, inorganic or organic fillers, metal powders, particulates, foils, etc. Can be appropriately added depending on the intended use. Further, a redox system to which a reducing agent is added may be adopted within a controllable range.
• the thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and is, for example, about 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 50 ⁇ m, and more preferably 3 to 30 ⁇ m.
• the polarizing plate may include a protective layer.
• the polarizing plate may have at least one protective layer, and if one surface of the polarizing element forming the polarizing plate or the polarizing element has a retardation layer, the position may be changed. It can be located on the opposite side of the polarizing layer of the retardation layer.
• the protective layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a film having excellent transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture shielding property, isotropic property, etc.
• polyester films such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene isophthalate, and polybutylene terephthalate; cellulose films such as diacetyl cellulose and triacetyl cellulose; polycarbonate films; acrylics such as polymethyl (meth) acrylate and polyethyl (meth) acrylate.
• styrene film such as polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer
• polyolefin film such as cycloolefin, cycloolefin copolymer, polynorbornene, polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylenepropylene copolymer
• vinyl chloride film nylon , Aromatic polyamide and other polyamide films
• imide films sulfone films; polyether ketone films; polyphenylene sulfide films; vinyl alcohol films; vinylidene chloride films; vinyl butyral films; allylate films; polyoxy Methylene-based film; urethane-based film; epoxy-based film; silicone-based film and the like
• a cellulosic film having a surface saponified with an alkali or the like is particularly preferable in consideration of polarization characteristics or durability.
• the protective layer may also have an optical compensation function such as a phase difference function.
• the protective layer may be one in which the surface to be adhered to the polarizer or the retardation coating layer is subjected to an easy-adhesion treatment for improving the adhesive force.
• the easy-adhesion treatment is not particularly limited as long as it can improve the adhesive strength.
• dry treatment such as primer treatment, plasma treatment, corona treatment; chemical treatment such as alkali treatment (saponification treatment); low-pressure UV treatment, etc.
• dry treatment such as primer treatment, plasma treatment, corona treatment
• chemical treatment such as alkali treatment (saponification treatment); low-pressure UV treatment, etc.
• the image display device may include a touch sensor.
• the touch sensor has a support, a lower electrode provided on the support, an upper electrode facing the lower electrode, and an insulating layer sandwiched between the lower electrode and the upper electrode.
• the support various ones can be adopted as long as it is a flexible resin film having light transmission.
• the support include the films exemplified above as the protective layer.
• the lower electrode has a plurality of small electrodes that are square in a plan view, for example.
• the plurality of small electrodes are arranged in a matrix.
• the plurality of small electrodes are connected to each other by adjacent small electrodes in the diagonal direction of one of the small electrodes to form a plurality of electrode rows.
• the plurality of electrode rows are connected to each other at the ends, and the electric capacitance between the adjacent electrode rows can be detected.
• the upper electrode has a plurality of small electrodes that are square in a plan view, for example.
• the plurality of small electrodes are complementaryly arranged in a matrix at positions where the lower electrodes are not arranged in a plan view. That is, the upper electrode and the lower electrode are arranged without a gap in a plan view.
• the plurality of small electrodes are connected to each other by adjacent small electrodes in the diagonal direction of the other of the small electrodes to form a plurality of electrode rows.
• the plurality of electrode rows are connected to each other at the ends, and the electric capacitance between the adjacent electrode rows can be detected.
• the insulating layer insulates the lower electrode and the upper electrode.
• a material usually known as a material for the insulating layer of the touch sensor can be used.
• the touch sensor has been described as a so-called projection type capacitance type touch sensor, but other types of touch sensors such as the film resistance type are used as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Can also be adopted.
• the present invention also provides a flexible display device including the optical film of the present invention.
• the optical film of the present invention is preferably used as a front plate in a flexible display device, and the front plate may be referred to as a window film.
• the flexible display device includes a laminate for a flexible display device and an organic EL display panel, and the laminate for the flexible display device is arranged on the visual side with respect to the organic EL display panel and is configured to be bendable.
• the laminated body for a flexible display device may contain the optical film (window film), the circular polarizing plate, and the touch sensor of the present invention, and the stacking order thereof is arbitrary, but the window film and the circularly polarized light are arranged from the visual side.
• the plate, the touch sensor or the window film, the touch sensor, and the circular polarizing plate are laminated in this order.
• the presence of a circular polarizing plate on the visual side of the touch sensor is preferable because the pattern of the touch sensor is difficult to see and the visibility of the displayed image is improved.
• Each member can be laminated using an adhesive, an adhesive, or the like. Further, a light-shielding pattern formed on at least one surface of any layer of the window film, the circular polarizing plate, and the touch sensor can be provided.
• the flexible display device of the present invention may further include a polarizing plate, preferably a circular polarizing plate.
• the circular polarizing plate is a functional layer having a function of transmitting only a right circularly polarized light component or a left circularly polarized light component by laminating a ⁇ / 4 retardation plate on a linear polarizing plate.
• the external light is converted to right circular polarization and reflected by the organic EL panel to block the left circular polarization, and only the light emitting component of the organic EL is transmitted to suppress the influence of the reflected light and image. It is used to make it easier to see.
• the absorption axis of the linear polarizing plate and the slow axis of the ⁇ / 4 retardation plate need to be theoretically 45 °, but practically 45 ⁇ 10 °.
• the linear polarizing plate and the ⁇ / 4 retardation plate do not necessarily have to be laminated adjacent to each other, and the relationship between the absorption axis and the slow phase axis may satisfy the above range.
• the circular polarizing plate in the present invention also includes an elliptical polarizing plate because it is preferable to achieve perfect circular polarization at all wavelengths, but it is not always necessary in practical use. It is also preferable to further laminate a ⁇ / 4 retardation film on the visible side of the linear polarizing plate to convert the emitted light into circularly polarized light to improve the visibility in the state of wearing polarized sunglasses.
• the linear polarizing plate is a functional layer having a function of transmitting light vibrating in the transmission axis direction but blocking polarization of a vibration component perpendicular to the linear polarizing plate.
• the linear polarizing plate may be configured to include a linear polarizer alone or a linear polarizing element and a protective film attached to at least one surface thereof.
• the thickness of the linear polarizing plate may be 200 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.5 to 100 ⁇ m. If the thickness is within the above range, the flexibility tends to be difficult to decrease.
• the linear polarizer may be a film-type polarizer produced by dyeing and stretching a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) -based film.
• the dichroic dye such as iodine is adsorbed on the PVA-based film oriented by stretching, or the dichroic dye is oriented in a state of being adsorbed on the PVA, and the polarization performance is exhibited.
• other steps such as swelling, cross-linking with boric acid, washing with an aqueous solution, and drying may be included.
• the stretching and dyeing steps may be performed on the PVA-based film alone, or may be performed in a state of being laminated with another film such as polyethylene terephthalate.
• the thickness of the PVA-based film used is preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m, and the draw ratio is preferably 2 to 10 times.
• a liquid crystal coating type polarizer formed by coating a liquid crystal polarizing composition may be used.
• the liquid crystal polarizing composition may contain a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye compound.
• the liquid crystal compound may have a property of exhibiting a liquid crystal state, and is particularly preferable when it has a higher-order orientation state such as a smectic phase because it can exhibit high polarization performance. It is also preferable that the liquid crystal compound has a polymerizable functional group.
• the dichroic dye is a dye that is oriented together with the liquid crystal compound to exhibit dichroism, and the dichroic dye itself may have liquid crystal properties or has a polymerizable functional group. You can also do it. Any compound in the liquid crystal polarizing composition has a polymerizable functional group.
• the liquid crystal polarizing composition can further contain an initiator, a solvent, a dispersant, a leveling agent, a stabilizer, a surfactant, a cross-linking agent, a silane coupling agent and the like.
• the liquid crystal polarizing layer is manufactured by applying a liquid crystal polarizing composition on an alignment film to form a liquid crystal polarizing layer. The liquid crystal polarizing layer can be formed to be thinner than the film-type polarizing element.
• the thickness of the liquid crystal polarizing layer may be preferably 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
• the alignment film can be produced, for example, by applying an alignment film forming composition on a substrate and imparting orientation by rubbing, polarized light irradiation, or the like.
• the alignment film forming composition may contain a solvent, a cross-linking agent, an initiator, a dispersant, a leveling agent, a silane coupling agent, and the like in addition to the alignment agent.
• the alignment agent for example, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, polyamic acids, and polyimides can be used. When applying photo-alignment, it is preferable to use an orientation agent containing a synnamate group.
• the weight average molecular weight of the polymer used as the alignment agent may be about 10,000 to 1,000,000.
• the thickness of the alignment film is preferably 5 to 10,000 nm, and more preferably 10 to 500 nm from the viewpoint of orientation regulating force.
• the liquid crystal polarizing layer can be peeled off from the base material, transferred and laminated, or the base material can be laminated as it is. It is also preferable that the base material serves as a transparent base material for a protective film, a retardation plate, and a window film.
• the protective film may be a transparent polymer film, and specifically, the polymer film used has a unit of a monomer containing polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, norbornene or cycloolefin.
• Polyolefins such as cycloolefin derivatives, (modified) celluloses such as diacetyl cellulose, triacetyl cellulose, propionyl cellulose, acrylics such as methyl methacrylate (co) polymer, polystyrenes such as styrene (co) polymer, acrylonitrile -Butadiene-styrene copolymers, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinylidene chlorides, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, poly Films such as polyesters such as
• preferred examples include polyamide, polyamideimide, polyimide, polyester, olefin, acrylic or cellulose-based films.
• Each of these polymers can be used alone or in combination of two or more. These films are used unstretched or as uniaxially or biaxially stretched films.
• Cellulose-based films, olefin-based films, acrylic films, and polyester-based films are preferable. It may be a coating type protective film obtained by applying a cationic curing composition such as an epoxy resin or a radical curing composition such as acrylate and curing the film.
• plasticizers may be 200 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the protective film is within the above range, the flexibility of the protective film is unlikely to decrease.
• the ⁇ / 4 retardation plate is a film that gives a ⁇ / 4 retardation in the direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the incident light, in other words, in the in-plane direction of the film.
• the ⁇ / 4 retardation plate may be a stretch-type retardation plate manufactured by stretching a polymer film such as a cellulose-based film, an olefin-based film, or a polycarbonate-based film.
• Phase difference adjusters, plasticizers, UV absorbers, infrared absorbers, colorants such as pigments and dyes, optical brighteners, dispersants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, antistatic agents, antioxidants as needed , Lubricants, solvents and the like may be contained.
• the thickness of the stretchable retardation plate may be 200 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m. When the thickness is within the above range, the flexibility of the film tends to be difficult to decrease.
• a liquid crystal coating type retardation plate formed by coating a liquid crystal composition may be used as another example of the ⁇ / 4 retardation plate.
• the liquid crystal composition contains a liquid crystal compound having a property of exhibiting a liquid crystal state such as nematic, cholesteric, and smectic. Any compound, including the liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal composition, has a polymerizable functional group.
• the liquid crystal coating type retardation plate can further contain an initiator, a solvent, a dispersant, a leveling agent, a stabilizer, a surfactant, a cross-linking agent, a silane coupling agent, and the like.
• the liquid crystal coating type retardation plate can be manufactured by coating and curing a liquid crystal composition on an alignment film to form a liquid crystal retardation layer in the same manner as described in the liquid crystal polarizing layer.
• the liquid crystal coating type retardation plate can be formed to be thinner than the stretch type retardation plate.
• the thickness of the liquid crystal polarizing layer may be usually 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
• the liquid crystal coating type retardation plate can be peeled off from the base material, transferred and laminated, or the base material can be laminated as it is. It is also preferable that the base material serves as a transparent base material for a protective film, a retardation plate, and a window film.
• JP-A-2007-232873 for stretch-type retardation plates and those described in JP-A-2010-30979 for liquid crystal-coated retardation plates may be used. preferable.
• a technique for obtaining a wideband ⁇ / 4 retardation plate by combining with a ⁇ / 2 retardation plate is also known (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-90521).
• the ⁇ / 2 retardation plate is also manufactured by the same material and method as the ⁇ / 4 retardation plate.
• the combination of the stretchable retardation plate and the liquid crystal coating type retardation plate is arbitrary, but it is preferable to use the liquid crystal coating type retardation plate in both cases because the thickness can be reduced.
• a method of laminating a positive C plate on the circular polarizing plate in order to improve visibility in an oblique direction is also known (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2014-224738).
• the positive C plate may also be a liquid crystal coating type retardation plate or a stretched retardation plate.
• the phase difference in the thickness direction is usually ⁇ 200 to ⁇ 20 nm, preferably ⁇ 140 to ⁇ 40 nm.
• the flexible display device of the present invention may further include a touch sensor.
• the touch sensor is used as an input means.
• various types such as a resistive film method, a surface acoustic wave method, an infrared method, an electromagnetic induction method, and a capacitance method have been proposed, and any method may be used. Of these, the capacitance method is preferable.
• the capacitive touch sensor is divided into an active region and an inactive region located outside the active region.
• the active area is an area corresponding to the area where the screen is displayed on the display panel (display unit), the area where the user's touch is sensed, and the inactive area is the area where the screen is not displayed on the display device (non-active area).
• the touch sensor has a substrate having flexible characteristics; a sensing pattern formed in an active region of the substrate; and a sensing pattern formed in an inactive region of the substrate, and is connected to an external drive circuit via the sensing pattern and a pad portion. Each sensing line for can be included.
• the substrate having flexible properties the same material as the polymer film can be used.
• the substrate of the touch sensor preferably has a toughness of 2,000 MPa% or more from the viewpoint of suppressing cracks in the touch sensor. More preferably, the toughness may be 2,000 to 30,000 MPa%.
• toughness is defined as the lower area of the curve to the fracture point by the stress-strain curve obtained through the tensile experiment of the polymer material.
• the sensing pattern can include a first pattern formed in the first direction and a second pattern formed in the second direction.
• the first pattern and the second pattern are arranged in different directions from each other.
• the first pattern and the second pattern are formed in the same layer, and each pattern must be electrically connected in order to sense the touched point.
• the first pattern is a form in which the unit patterns are connected to each other via a joint, but the second pattern has a structure in which the unit patterns are separated from each other into an island form, so that the second pattern is electrically connected.
• a separate bridge electrode is required for connection.
• a well-known transparent electrode material can be applied to the sensing pattern.
• ITO indium tin oxide
• IZO indium zinc oxide
• ZnO zinc oxide
• IZTO indium gallium zinc oxide
• IGZO indium gallium zinc oxide
• CTO cadmium tin oxide
• PEDOT poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
• carbon nanotubes CNT
• graphene metal wire and the like, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• ITO can be preferably used.
• the metal used for the metal wire is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include silver, gold, aluminum, copper, iron, nickel, titanium, selenium, and chromium. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the bridge electrode can be formed on the upper part of the insulating layer via the insulating layer on the upper part of the sensing pattern, the bridge electrode is formed on the substrate, and the insulating layer and the sensing pattern can be formed on the bridge electrode.
• the bridge electrode can also be formed of the same material as the sensing pattern and is made of a metal such as molybdenum, silver, aluminum, copper, palladium, gold, platinum, zinc, tin, titanium or an alloy of two or more of these. You can also do it. Since the first pattern and the second pattern must be electrically insulated, an insulating layer is formed between the sensing pattern and the bridge electrode.
• the insulating layer can be formed only between the joint of the first pattern and the bridge electrode, or can be formed in a layer structure covering the sensing pattern. In the latter case, the bridge electrode can connect the second pattern through a contact hole formed in the insulating layer.
• the difference in transmittance between the patterned region where the pattern is formed and the non-patterned region where the pattern is not formed specifically, the light transmittance induced by the difference in the refractive index in these regions.
• An optical control layer may be further included between the substrate and the electrode as a means for appropriately compensating for the difference, and the optical control layer may contain an inorganic insulating material or an organic insulating material.
• the optical control layer can be formed by coating a photocurable composition containing a photocurable organic binder and a solvent on a substrate.
• the photocurable composition may further contain inorganic particles.
• the refractive index of the optical control layer can be increased by the inorganic particles.
• the photocurable organic binder may contain, for example, a copolymer of each monomer such as an acrylate-based monomer, a styrene-based monomer, and a carboxylic acid-based monomer.
• the photocurable organic binder may be a copolymer containing different repeating units such as an epoxy group-containing repeating unit, an acrylate repeating unit, and a carboxylic acid repeating unit.
• the inorganic particles can include, for example, zirconia particles, titania particles, alumina particles and the like.
• the photocuring composition may further contain additives such as a photopolymerization initiator, a polymerizable monomer, and a curing aid.
• Adhesive layer Each layer of the window film, polarizing plate, touch sensor, etc., which forms the laminated body for the flexible display device, and the film members (straight polarizing plate, ⁇ / 4 retardation plate, etc.) constituting each layer can be adhered with an adhesive. It can.
• Adhesives include water-based adhesives, organic solvent-based adhesives, solvent-free adhesives, solid adhesives, solvent volatilization adhesives, moisture-curable adhesives, heat-curable adhesives, anaerobic curable adhesives, and water-based adhesives.
• adhesives such as solvent volatilization type adhesives, active energy ray-curable adhesives, hardener mixed type adhesives, heat-melt type adhesives, pressure-sensitive adhesives (adhesives), and re-wet type adhesives. Can be used. Of these, water-based solvent volatilization adhesives, active energy ray-curable adhesives, and adhesives are often used.
• the thickness of the adhesive layer can be appropriately adjusted according to the required adhesive force and the like, and is, for example, 0.01 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 300 ⁇ m.
• a plurality of adhesive layers may be present in the laminated body for the flexible image display device, but the thickness of each adhesive layer and the type of adhesive used may be the same or different.
• a polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer a water-soluble polymer such as starch, an ethylene-vinyl acetate-based emulsion, a styrene-butadiene-based emulsion, or other water-dispersed polymer can be used as the main polymer.
• a cross-linking agent a silane compound, an ionic compound, a cross-linking catalyst, an antioxidant, a dye, a pigment, an inorganic filler, an organic solvent and the like may be blended.
• the water-based solvent volatilization type adhesive When adhering with the water-based solvent volatilization type adhesive, the water-based solvent volatilization type adhesive can be injected between the layers to be adhered, the adherend layers are bonded, and then dried to impart adhesiveness.
• the thickness of the adhesive layer may be 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m.
• the thickness of each layer and the type of the adhesive may be the same or different.
• the active energy ray-curable adhesive can be formed by curing an active energy ray-curable composition containing a reactive material that is irradiated with active energy rays to form an adhesive layer.
• the active energy ray-curable composition can contain at least one polymer of a radical-polymerizable compound and a cationically polymerizable compound similar to the hard coat composition.
• the radically polymerizable compound is the same as the hard coat composition, and the same kind as the hard coat composition can be used.
• As the radically polymerizable compound used for the adhesive layer a compound having an acryloyl group is preferable. It is also preferable to include a monofunctional compound in order to reduce the viscosity of the adhesive composition.
• the cationically polymerizable compound is the same as the hard coat composition, and the same kind as the hard coat composition can be used.
• an epoxy compound is particularly preferable. It is also preferable to include a monofunctional compound as a reactive diluent in order to reduce the viscosity of the adhesive composition.
• the active energy ray composition may further contain a polymerization initiator.
• the polymerization initiator includes a radical polymerization initiator, a cationic polymerization initiator, a radical or a cationic polymerization initiator, and the like, and can be appropriately selected and used.
• These polymerization initiators are decomposed by at least one of active energy ray irradiation and heating to generate radicals or cations to promote radical polymerization and cation polymerization.
• an initiator that can initiate at least one of radical polymerization or cationic polymerization by irradiation with active energy rays can be used.
• the active energy ray-curing composition further comprises an ion scavenger, an antioxidant, a chain transfer agent, an adhesion imparting agent, a thermoplastic resin, a filler, a fluid viscosity modifier, a plasticizer, a defoaming agent solvent, an additive, and a solvent. Can be included.
• an ion scavenger an antioxidant, a chain transfer agent, an adhesion imparting agent, a thermoplastic resin, a filler, a fluid viscosity modifier, a plasticizer, a defoaming agent solvent, an additive, and a solvent.
• the active energy ray-curable composition is applied to either or both of the adherend layers and then bonded, and is activated through either or both adherend layers. Adhesion can be achieved by irradiating with energy rays and curing.
• the thickness of the adhesive layer may be usually 0.01 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m.
• the thickness of each layer and the type of adhesive used may be the same or different.
• the pressure-sensitive adhesive is classified into an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, a urethane-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, a rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, a silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, and the like according to the main polymer, and any of them can be used.
• the pressure-sensitive adhesive may contain a cross-linking agent, a silane compound, an ionic compound, a cross-linking catalyst, an antioxidant, a tackifier, a plasticizer, a dye, a pigment, an inorganic filler and the like.
• An adhesive layer is formed by dissolving and dispersing each component constituting the pressure-sensitive adhesive in a solvent to obtain a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition, applying the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition onto a substrate, and then drying the mixture. Will be done.
• the adhesive layer may be directly formed, or a separately formed base material may be transferred. It is also preferable to use a release film to cover the adhesive surface before bonding.
• the thickness of the adhesive layer may be usually 1 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 300 ⁇ m.
• the thickness of each layer and the type of pressure-sensitive adhesive used may be the same or different.
• the shading pattern may be at least part of the optical film or the bezel or housing of the display device to which the optical film is applied.
• the light-shielding pattern may hide each wiring of the display device so that the user cannot see it.
• the color and / or material of the light-shielding pattern is not particularly limited, and can be formed of a resin substance having various colors such as black, white, and gold.
• the light-shielding pattern can be formed of a resin substance such as an acrylic resin, an ester resin, an epoxy resin, polyurethane, or silicone mixed with a pigment for embodying a color.
• the material and thickness of the light-shielding pattern can be determined in consideration of the protection and flexible characteristics of the optical film or display device.
• the shading pattern can be formed by various methods such as printing, lithography, and inkjet.
• the thickness of the shading pattern is usually 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 50 ⁇ m. It is also preferable to give a shape such as an inclination in the thickness direction of the light-shielding pattern.
• the thickness of the polyimide-based polymer film was measured using a Digimatic Thickness Gauge (“Product No. 547-401” manufactured by Mitutoyo Co., Ltd.).
• Tt total light transmittance
• Haze The total light transmittance Tt of the transparent polyimide-based polymer film obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples was measured in accordance with JIS K 7105: 1981 with a haze meter ("Fully automatic direct reading haze computer HGM” manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. -2DP ").
• the transmittance was measured by irradiating with white light having a wavelength of 300 to 800 nm, and L * , a * , and b * values were obtained.
• the also obtained b * was the initial b * and (before storage b *).
• YI 100 ⁇ (1.2769X-1.0592Z) / Y (2)
• Varnish storage test Calculation of ⁇ YI value
• the varnishes obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were stored at 50 ° C. for 1 week.
• the YI value of the film obtained by forming the varnish after storage was measured by the same method as the initial YI value, and used as the YI value after storage.
• the difference ( ⁇ YI) was obtained from the initial YI value and the YI value after storage.
• the precipitated white solid was collected by centrifugation and washed with methanol to obtain a wet cake containing a polyamide-imide resin.
• the obtained wet cake was dried at 78 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain a polyamide-imide resin powder.
• the weight average molecular weight of the obtained polyamide-imide resin (1) was 466,000.
• the precipitated white solid was collected by centrifugation and washed with methanol to obtain a wet cake containing a polyamide-imide resin.
• the obtained wet cake was dried at 75 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain a polyamide-imide resin powder.
• the weight average molecular weight of the obtained polyamide-imide resin (2) was 241,000.
• GBL purification Using GBL (manufactured by BASF) as a raw material, distillation was carried out by the method described in Japanese Patent No. 4348890 to obtain purified GBL-2.
• Purified GBL-1 was obtained by mixing BASF's GBL (unpurified) and purified GBL-2 at a mass ratio of 1: 1. In fact, by optimizing the distillation conditions, GBLs with different purity can be obtained.
• the amount of the component detected during the retention time was 455 ppm.
• the amount of the component detected during the retention time was 382 ppm.
• Polyamide-imide varnish was applied on a smooth surface of a polyester base material (support) (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name "A4100") using an applicator so that the average thickness of the free-standing film was 52 ⁇ m. It was dried at ° C. for 30 minutes and then at 140 ° C. for 15 minutes to obtain a free-standing film. The free-standing film was fixed to an A4 size gold frame, heated to 200 ° C. over 40 minutes, maintained at 200 ° C. for 20 minutes and dried to obtain an optical film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
• Example 1 Manufacturing of varnish and optical film
• a polyamide-imide varnish was prepared by dissolving it in purified GBL-1 so that the mass of the polyamide-imide resin (1) was 7.5% by mass with respect to the mass of the varnish. Subsequently, using the above-mentioned polyamide-imide varnish, the same operation as in Comparative Example 1 was carried out to obtain an optical film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
• Example 2 Manufacturing of varnish and optical film
• a polyamide-imide varnish was prepared by dissolving it in purified GBL-2 so that the mass of the polyamide-imide resin (1) was 7.5% by mass with respect to the mass of the varnish. Subsequently, using the above-mentioned polyamide-imide varnish, the same operation as in Comparative Example 1 was carried out to obtain an optical film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
• Example 3 Manufacturing of varnish
• the polyamide-imide varnish (3) was prepared by dissolving it in purified GBL-2 so that the mass of the polyamide-imide resin (2) was 7.5% by mass with respect to the mass of the varnish.
• Example 4 Manufacturing of varnish
• the polyamide-imide varnish (4) was prepared by dissolving it in purified GBL-2 so that the mass of the polyamide-imide resin (2) was 8.1% by mass with respect to the mass of the varnish.
• the varnishes of Examples 1 to 4 contained a transparent polyimide-based polymer and GBL.
• the ⁇ b * of the varnishes of Examples 1 to 3 (for all the examples, the mass of the resin was 7.5% by mass with respect to the mass of the varnish) was 0.27 or less.
• Varnishes of Examples 1, 2 and 4 (for Examples 1 and 2, the mass of the resin is 7.5% by mass with respect to the mass of the varnish, and for Example 4, the mass of the resin is with respect to the mass of the varnish.
• the ⁇ YI of the polyamide-imide film prepared from 8.1% by mass) was 0.1 or less.
• the varnishes of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 contained a transparent polyimide-based polymer and GBL.
• the ⁇ b * of the varnishes of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (for all Comparative Examples, the mass of the resin was 7.5% by mass with respect to the mass of the varnish) was 0.33 or more.
• the varnishes of Comparative Examples 1 and 3 (for Comparative Example 1, the mass of the resin was 7.5% by mass with respect to the mass of the varnish, and for Comparative Example 3, the mass of the resin was 8.1 mass with respect to the mass of the varnish.
• the ⁇ YI of the polyamide-imide film prepared from%) was 0.5 or more.
• the varnishes of Examples 1 to 3 have a smaller ⁇ b * than the varnishes of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the discoloration of the varnish is suppressed by long-term storage, and the transparency is high. Further, since the ⁇ YI of the films prepared using the varnishes of Examples 1, 2 and 4 is smaller than that of Comparative Examples 1 and 3, it is also an optical film obtained from the varnish after long-term storage. Nevertheless, it is clear that the YI value is low and the optical characteristics are excellent.

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