WO2020220723A1 - 一种声学输出装置 - Google Patents

一种声学输出装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020220723A1
WO2020220723A1 PCT/CN2019/130942 CN2019130942W WO2020220723A1 WO 2020220723 A1 WO2020220723 A1 WO 2020220723A1 CN 2019130942 W CN2019130942 W CN 2019130942W WO 2020220723 A1 WO2020220723 A1 WO 2020220723A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
sound guide
guide holes
acoustic
output device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/130942
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张磊
付峻江
闫冰岩
廖风云
齐心
Original Assignee
深圳市韶音科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市韶音科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市韶音科技有限公司
Publication of WO2020220723A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020220723A1/zh
Priority to US17/320,259 priority Critical patent/US11457301B2/en
Priority to US17/931,082 priority patent/US11671738B2/en
Priority to US18/314,170 priority patent/US12126953B2/en

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    • H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
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    • H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
    • H04R2430/20—Processing of the output signals of the acoustic transducers of an array for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
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    • H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
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    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/13—Hearing devices using bone conduction transducers
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/11—Transducers incorporated or for use in hand-held devices, e.g. mobile phones, PDA's, camera's
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S2400/00—Details of stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
    • H04S2400/11—Positioning of individual sound objects, e.g. moving airplane, within a sound field

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of acoustics, in particular to an acoustic output device.
  • the open binaural acoustic output device is a portable audio output device that realizes sound conduction in a specific range. Compared with traditional in-ear and over-ear headphones, the open binaural acoustic output device has the characteristics of not blocking or covering the ear canal, allowing users to listen to music while acquiring sound information in the external environment, improving safety Sex and comfort. Due to the use of an open structure, the sound leakage of an open binaural acoustic output device is often more serious than that of a traditional earphone. At present, the common practice in the industry is to use two or more sound sources to construct a specific sound field and adjust the sound pressure distribution to reduce sound leakage.
  • this method can achieve the effect of reducing sound leakage to a certain extent, it still has certain limitations. For example, this method reduces the volume of the sound sent to the user while suppressing leakage. Moreover, due to the different wavelengths of sounds at different frequencies, this method has a poor suppression effect on high-frequency leakage.
  • an acoustic output device which includes at least one acoustic driver, and outputs the sound emitted by the at least one acoustic driver from at least two sound guide holes. Further, the device further includes a controller configured to control the phase and amplitude of each of the at least one acoustic driver, and the controller causes the at least one acoustic driver to pass from the at least two sound guide holes through a control signal. Output sounds with opposite phases.
  • the device further includes a supporting structure, the supporting structure is provided with at least one baffle, the supporting structure is configured to carry the at least one acoustic driver, and the at least two sound guide holes are respectively located at the Said at least one baffle on both sides.
  • the at least one acoustic driver includes a diaphragm, and an antechamber for radiating sound is provided on the support structure on the front side of the diaphragm, and the support structure is located on the front side of the diaphragm.
  • the rear side is provided with a rear chamber for radiating sound, the front chamber is acoustically coupled with one of the at least two sound guide holes, and the rear chamber is connected to the other of the at least two sound guide holes Acoustic coupling of sound guide holes.
  • the sound path of the diaphragm to the at least two sound guide holes is different.
  • the sound path ratio from the diaphragm to the at least two sound guide holes is 0.5-2.
  • the sound generated by the at least one acoustic driver at the at least two sound guide holes has different sound pressure amplitudes.
  • the at least one acoustic driver includes a first acoustic driver and a second acoustic driver
  • the controller makes the first acoustic driver and the second acoustic driver output from the at least two acoustic guide holes through a control signal Opposite sound.
  • the sound paths of the first acoustic driver and the second acoustic driver to the at least two sound guide holes are different.
  • the sound path ratio of the first acoustic driver and the second acoustic driver to the at least two sound guide holes is 0.5-2.
  • the sound produced by the first acoustic driver at one of the at least two sound guide holes is the same as the sound produced by the second acoustic driver at the other of the at least two sound guide holes.
  • the sound produced at the hole has different sound pressure amplitudes.
  • the distance d between at least two sound guide holes is not greater than 12 cm.
  • the at least two sound guide holes include a first sound guide hole and a second sound guide hole, the first sound guide hole and the user's ear are located on one side of the baffle, and the second sound guide hole The hole is located on the other side of the baffle, and the sound path from the first sound guide hole to the user's ear is smaller than the sound path from the second sound guide hole to the user's ear.
  • the at least two sound guide holes are located on the same side of the user’s ears, and the distance from the sound guide hole close to the user’s ear to the user’s ear among the at least two sound guide holes is greater than that of the at least two sound guide holes.
  • the ratio of the distance between the two is not more than 3.
  • the at least two sound guide holes are located on the same side of the user’s ears, and the distance from the sound guide hole close to the user’s ear to the user’s ear among the at least two sound guide holes is greater than that of the at least two sound guide holes.
  • the ratio of the spacing between the two is not greater than 1.
  • the at least two sound guide holes are located on the same side of the user’s ears, and the distance from the sound guide hole close to the user’s ear to the user’s ear among the at least two sound guide holes is greater than that of the at least two sound guide holes.
  • the ratio of the distance between the two is not more than 0.9.
  • the ratio of the height of the baffle to the distance between the at least two sound guide holes is not greater than one.
  • the ratio of the distance from the center of the baffle to the connecting line of the at least two sound guide holes to the height of the baffle is not greater than 2.
  • the at least two sound guide holes include a third sound guide hole and a fourth sound guide hole, and the ratio of the distance from the third sound guide hole to the baffle to the distance from the fourth sound guide hole to the baffle is not Greater than 2/3.
  • an acoustic output device which may include at least one acoustic driver, and the at least one acoustic driver outputs sound from at least two sound guide holes. Further, the device may further include a controller configured to control the phase and amplitude of each of the at least one acoustic driver, and the controller causes the at least one acoustic driver to conduct sound from the at least two acoustic drivers through a control signal.
  • the holes output sounds in opposite phases.
  • the device may further include a supporting structure suitable for being worn on the user's body, and the supporting structure is configured to carry the at least one acoustic driver so that the at least two sound guide holes are respectively located on two sides of the user's auricle. side.
  • the at least one acoustic driver includes a diaphragm, and an antechamber for radiating sound is provided on the support structure on the front side of the diaphragm, and the support structure is on the back side of the diaphragm.
  • a rear chamber for radiating sound is provided, the front chamber is acoustically coupled with one of the at least two sound guide holes, and the rear chamber is acoustically coupled with the other of the at least two sound guide holes Hole acoustic coupling.
  • the sound path of the diaphragm to the at least two sound guide holes is different.
  • the sound path ratio from the diaphragm to the at least two sound guide holes is 0.5-2.
  • the sound generated by the at least one acoustic driver at the at least two sound guide holes has different sound pressure amplitudes.
  • the at least one acoustic driver includes a first acoustic driver and a second acoustic driver
  • the controller causes the first acoustic driver and the second acoustic driver to conduct sound from the at least two acoustic drivers through a control signal.
  • the holes output sounds in opposite phases.
  • the sound paths of the first acoustic driver and the second acoustic driver to the at least two sound guide holes are different.
  • the sound path ratio of the first acoustic driver and the second acoustic driver to the at least two sound guide holes is 0.5-2.
  • the sound generated by the first acoustic driver at one of the at least two sound guide holes is the same as the sound generated by the second acoustic driver at the other of the at least two sound guide holes.
  • the sound produced at the sound guide hole has different sound pressure amplitudes.
  • the distance d between at least two sound guide holes is between 1 cm and 12 cm.
  • the at least two sound guide holes include two sound guide holes respectively located at the front and rear sides of the user's auricle, wherein the sound guide hole on the front side of the auricle is shorter than the acoustic path of the user's ear. The acoustic path of the sound guide hole on the back of the auricle from the user’s ear.
  • Fig. 1 is an exemplary structural diagram of an acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another acoustic output device provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of two dual-point sound sources and listening positions provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of two point sound sources and listening positions provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a frequency response characteristic curve of two-point sound sources with different spacings in a near-field listening position according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of the leakage index of two-point sound sources with different spacings in the far field according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary distribution of baffles provided between two-point sound sources according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a near-field frequency response characteristic curve when the auricle is located between two-point sound sources according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a far-field frequency response characteristic curve when the auricle is located between two-point sound sources according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 11 is a frequency response leakage index curve of the acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application when the two-point sound source is distributed on both sides of the auricle;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of measurement of sound leakage index according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph of frequency response between two point sound sources provided with and without a baffle according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • 15 is a near-field frequency response characteristic curve when the distance d between two-point sound sources is 2 cm according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • Fig. 16 is a near-field frequency response characteristic curve when the distance d between two-point sound sources is 4 cm according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • Fig. 17 is a far-field sound leakage index curve when the distance d between two-point sound sources is 1 cm according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • Fig. 18 is a far-field sound leakage index curve when the distance d between two-point sound sources is 2 cm according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • Fig. 19 is a far-field sound leakage index curve when the distance d between two-point sound sources is 4 cm according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • 21 is a graph showing the frequency response characteristics of a double-point sound source without a baffle provided in different listening positions in the near field according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram of the leakage index of a two-point sound source without a baffle provided in different listening positions according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 23 is a graph showing the frequency response characteristics of a baffled two-point sound source at different listening positions in the near field according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 24 is a diagram of the leakage index of a double-point sound source with a baffle provided in different listening positions according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary distribution of dual-point sound sources and baffles according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 26 is a frequency response characteristic curve of the near field when the baffle provided according to some embodiments of the present application is at different positions;
  • Figure 27 is a far-field frequency response characteristic curve of the baffle provided in different positions according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 28 is a diagram of the sound leakage index of the baffle provided in different positions according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 29 is a frequency response characteristic curve of the near field of a two-point sound source when baffles of different heights are selected in the structure shown in FIG. 25;
  • FIG. 30 is the frequency response characteristic curve of the far field of the two-point sound source when baffles of different heights are selected in the structure shown in FIG. 25;
  • Fig. 31 is a diagram showing the leakage index of the two-point sound source when baffles of different heights are selected in the structure shown in Fig. 25;
  • Fig. 32 is the frequency response characteristic curve of the near field of the double-point sound source when the ratio of the distance from the center of the baffle to the connecting line of the double-point sound source and the height of the baffle takes different values in the structure of Fig. 25;
  • FIG. 34 is a diagram of the sound leakage index when the ratio of the distance from the center of the baffle to the line of the two-point sound source and the height of the baffle takes different values in the structure of FIG. 25;
  • 35 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of an acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of point sound sources and baffles according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 37 is the frequency response characteristic curve of the near field and the far field with and without baffles between the multi-point sound sources shown in Fig. 36;
  • FIG. 38 is a diagram showing the sound leakage index when a baffle is installed and not installed between multiple point sound sources shown in FIG. 36;
  • Fig. 39 is a diagram of the leakage index corresponding to the two multi-point sound source distribution modes shown in Fig. 36 (a) and (b);
  • Fig. 40 is a schematic structural diagram of another acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 41 is a diagram of the leakage index under the combined action of a low-frequency two-point sound source and a high-frequency two-point sound source provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram of a mobile phone with sound guide holes according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • system is a method for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, parts, or assemblies of different levels.
  • the words can be replaced by other expressions.
  • a flowchart is used in this application to illustrate the operations performed by the system according to the embodiments of the application. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed exactly in order. Instead, the steps can be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. At the same time, you can also add other operations to these processes, or remove a step or several operations from these processes.
  • This specification describes an acoustic output device including at least one set of acoustic drivers.
  • the acoustic output device When the user wears the acoustic output device, the acoustic output device is located at least on the side of the user's head, close to but not blocking the user's ears.
  • the acoustic output device can be worn on the user's head (for example, non-in-ear open earphones worn with glasses, headbands or other structures), or on other parts of the user's body (for example, the user's neck/shoulder) Area), or placed near the user’s ears by other means (for example, the way the user holds them by hand).
  • the sound generated by at least one set of acoustic drivers in the acoustic output device can be propagated outward through the two acoustically coupled sound guide holes.
  • the two sound guide holes can respectively propagate sounds with the same (or approximately the same) amplitude and opposite (or approximately opposite) phases.
  • the two sound guide holes may be distributed on both sides of the user's auricle.
  • the auricle serves as a baffle to separate the two sound guide holes, so that the two sound guide holes There are different acoustic paths to the user's ear canal.
  • a baffle structure may be provided on the acoustic output device, so that two sound guide holes are respectively distributed on both sides of the baffle.
  • distributing the two sound guide holes on both sides of the auricle or baffle can increase the sound path difference between the two sound guide holes to transmit sound to the user’s ears (that is, the sound from the two sound guide holes reaches the user’s ear canal).
  • the distance difference makes the sound cancellation effect weaker, thereby increasing the volume of the sound (also called near-field sound) heard by the user's ears, thereby providing the user with a better listening experience.
  • the auricle or baffle has little effect on the sound transmission of the sound guide hole to the environment (also called far-field sound).
  • Fig. 1 is an exemplary structural diagram of an acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the acoustic output device 100 may include a supporting structure 110 and an acoustic driver 120 and a controller (not shown in FIG. 1) disposed in the supporting structure.
  • the acoustic output device 100 can be worn on the user's body (for example, the head, neck or upper torso of the human body) through the support structure 110, while the support structure 110 and the acoustic driver 120 can be close to but not block the ear canal , So that the user's ears are kept open, and the user can not only hear the sound output by the acoustic output device 100, but also obtain the sound of the external environment.
  • the acoustic output device 100 can be arranged around or partly around the circumference of the user's ear, and can transmit sound through air conduction or bone conduction.
  • the support structure 110 may be used to be worn on the user's body, and may carry one or more acoustic drivers 120.
  • the supporting structure 110 may be a closed shell structure with a hollow inside, and the one or more acoustic drivers 120 are located inside the supporting structure 110.
  • the acoustic output device 100 can be combined with glasses, headsets, head-mounted display devices, AR/VR helmets and other products. In this case, the support structure 110 can be suspended or clamped. The method is fixed near the user's ear.
  • a hook may be provided on the supporting structure 110, and the shape of the hook matches the shape of the auricle, so that the acoustic output device 100 can be independently worn on the user's ear through the hook.
  • the acoustic output device 100 for independent wear can be connected to a signal source (for example, a computer, a mobile phone or other mobile devices) in a wired or wireless (for example, Bluetooth) manner.
  • a signal source for example, a computer, a mobile phone or other mobile devices
  • a wired or wireless for example, Bluetooth
  • the acoustic output device 100 at the left and right ears may include a first output device and a second output device, where the first output device can communicate with the signal source, and the second output device can communicate with the first output device in a wireless manner.
  • the first output device and the second output device realize synchronization of audio playback through one or more synchronization signals.
  • the wireless connection mode may include, but is not limited to, Bluetooth, local area network, wide area network, wireless personal area network, near field communication, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • the supporting structure 110 may be a housing structure with a shape adapted to the human ear, such as a circular ring shape, an oval shape, a polygonal shape (regular or irregular), a U shape, a V shape, and a semicircular shape to support The structure 110 can be directly hung on the user's ear.
  • the supporting structure 110 may also include one or more fixing structures.
  • the fixing structure may include an ear hook, a head beam or an elastic band, so that the acoustic output device 100 can be better fixed on the user's body and prevent the user from falling during use.
  • the elastic band may be a headband, and the headband may be configured to be worn around the head area.
  • the elastic band may be a neckband, configured to be worn around the neck/shoulder area.
  • the elastic band may be a continuous band and can be elastically stretched to be worn on the user's head, and the elastic band can also apply pressure to the user's head, making the acoustic output device 100 firm The ground is fixed on a specific position of the user's head.
  • the elastic band may be a discontinuous band.
  • the elastic band may include a rigid part and a flexible part, wherein the rigid part may be made of a rigid material (for example, plastic or metal), and the rigid part may be physically connected with the support structure 110 of the acoustic output device 100 (for example, clip-on , Threaded connection, etc.).
  • the flexible portion may be made of elastic material (for example, cloth, composite material or/and neoprene).
  • the support structure 110 when the user wears the acoustic output device 100, the support structure 110 may be located above or below the auricle.
  • the supporting structure 110 can also be provided with sound guide holes 111 and sound guide holes 112 for transmitting sound.
  • the sound guide hole 111 and the sound guide hole 112 may be respectively located on both sides of the user's auricle, and the acoustic driver 120 may output sound outward through the sound guide hole 111 and the sound guide hole 112.
  • the acoustic driver 120 is an element that can receive electrical signals and convert them into sound signals for output.
  • the type of acoustic driver 120 may include low-frequency (for example, 30Hz-150Hz) acoustic driver, medium and low frequency (for example, 150Hz-500Hz) acoustic driver, medium and high frequency (for example, 500Hz-5kHz) Acoustic driver, high frequency (for example, 5kHz-16kHz) acoustic driver, or full-frequency (for example, 30Hz-16kHz) acoustic driver, or any combination thereof.
  • low-frequency for example, 30Hz-150Hz
  • medium and low frequency for example, 150Hz-500Hz
  • medium and high frequency for example, 500Hz-5kHz
  • Acoustic driver high frequency (for example, 5kHz-16kHz) acoustic driver, or full-frequency (for example, 30Hz-16kHz) acoustic driver, or any combination thereof.
  • the low frequency, high frequency, etc. mentioned here only represent the approximate range of the
  • a crossover point can be determined, low frequency represents the frequency range below the crossover point, and high frequency represents the frequency above the crossover point.
  • the crossover point can be any value within the audible range of the human ear, for example, 500 Hz, 600 Hz, 700 Hz, 800 Hz, 1000 Hz, etc.
  • the acoustic driver 120 may also include, but is not limited to, moving coil, moving iron, piezoelectric, electrostatic, magnetostrictive, and other drivers.
  • the acoustic driver 120 may include a diaphragm. When the diaphragm vibrates, sound can be emitted from the front and back sides of the diaphragm, respectively.
  • the front side of the diaphragm in the support structure 110 is provided with a front chamber 113 for transmitting sound.
  • the front chamber 113 is acoustically coupled with the sound guide hole 111, and the sound on the front side of the diaphragm can be emitted from the sound guide hole 111 through the front chamber 113.
  • a rear chamber 114 for transmitting sound is provided at a position behind the diaphragm in the support structure 110.
  • the rear chamber 114 is acoustically coupled with the sound guide hole 112, and the sound on the rear side of the diaphragm can be emitted from the sound guide hole 112 through the rear chamber 114.
  • the front and back sides of the diaphragm can simultaneously produce a set of opposite phase sounds.
  • the structure of the front chamber 113 and the rear chamber 114 may be arranged so that the sound output by the acoustic driver 120 at the sound guide hole 111 and the sound guide hole 112 meets specific conditions.
  • the length of the front chamber 113 and the rear chamber 114 can be designed so that a set of sounds with a specific phase relationship (for example, opposite phase) can be output at the sound guide hole 111 and the sound guide hole 112, so that the acoustic output device 100 has a near field Both the lower listening volume and the far-field leakage problem have been effectively improved.
  • the acoustic driver 120 may also include multiple diaphragms (for example, two diaphragms).
  • the multiple vibrating membranes vibrate respectively to generate sound, and the sound is respectively transmitted from the corresponding sound guide hole through different cavities or sound guide tubes connected to the support structure.
  • the multiple diaphragms can be controlled by the same or different controllers respectively, and can produce sounds that meet certain phase and amplitude conditions (for example, sounds with the same amplitude but opposite phases, sounds with different amplitudes and opposite phases, etc. ).
  • the controller can be used to control the phase and amplitude of the acoustic driver.
  • the number of controllers in the acoustic output device may be one or more.
  • the number of controllers may be one.
  • a controller can simultaneously control multiple acoustic drivers to produce sounds that meet certain phase and amplitude conditions through control signals.
  • the acoustic output device may include an equal number of acoustic drivers and controllers. Each controller can control the corresponding acoustic driver to produce sound with certain phase and amplitude conditions.
  • the acoustic output device includes two acoustic drivers as an example.
  • the acoustic output device 200 may include a supporting structure 210, a first acoustic driver 221, a second acoustic driver 222, and a controller (not shown in FIG. 2).
  • the supporting structure 110 may also be provided with sound guide holes 211 and sound guide holes 212 for guiding sound.
  • the first acoustic driver 221, the second acoustic driver 222 and the controller are all arranged inside the supporting structure 210.
  • the controller can control the first acoustic driver 221 and the second acoustic driver 222 through a control signal to generate sounds that meet certain phase and amplitude conditions (for example, sounds with the same amplitude but opposite phases, sounds with different amplitudes and opposite phases, etc. ).
  • the sound guide hole 211 and the sound guide hole 212 may be located on both sides of the user’s auricle, and the first acoustic driver 221 may output sound through the sound guide hole 211, and the second acoustic driver 221 may pass through The sound guide hole 212 outputs sound to the outside.
  • a cavity 213 for transmitting sound is provided between the first acoustic driver 221 and the sound guide hole 211 in the supporting structure 210.
  • the sound generated by the first acoustic driver 211 may be emitted from the sound guide hole 211 through the cavity 213.
  • a cavity 214 for transmitting sound is provided between the second acoustic driver 222 and the sound guide hole 212 in the supporting structure 210.
  • the sound generated by the second acoustic driver 222 may be emitted from the sound guide hole 212 through the cavity 214.
  • the controller may control the first acoustic driver 221 and the second acoustic driver 222 to simultaneously generate a set of sounds with opposite phases through a control signal.
  • the controller can adjust the two electrical signals input to the first acoustic driver 221 and the second acoustic driver 222 through the control signal. , So that the two electrical signals have opposite phases. In this way, driven by electrical signals with opposite phases, the first acoustic driver 221 and the second acoustic driver 222 can generate sounds with opposite phases. When the sound passes through the cavity 213 and the cavity 214 respectively, it will propagate outward from the positions of the sound guide hole 211 and the sound guide hole 212.
  • the structure of the chamber 213 and the chamber 214 can be configured so that the sound output by the first acoustic driver 221 at the sound guide hole 211 and the sound output by the second acoustic driver 222 at the sound guide hole 212 satisfy Specific conditions.
  • the lengths of the cavity 213 and the cavity 214 can be designed so that the sound guide hole 211 and the sound guide hole 212 can output sounds with opposite phases.
  • the controller may control the first acoustic driver 221 and the second acoustic driver 222 to simultaneously generate a set of sounds with the same amplitude through a control signal.
  • the controller can adjust the two electrical signals input to the first acoustic driver 221 and the second acoustic driver 222 through the control signal, and the two electrical signals
  • the output power of the first acoustic driver 221 and the second acoustic driver 222 can be separately controlled so that the two electrical signals have the same amplitude. In this way, driven by electrical signals with the same amplitude, the first acoustic driver 221 and the second acoustic driver 222 can generate sounds with the same amplitude.
  • the controller is not limited to the above-mentioned controlling the first acoustic driver 221 and the second acoustic driver 222 to generate sounds with the same amplitude and opposite phase through the control signal.
  • the controller may also use different control signals to make the first acoustic driver 221 and the second acoustic driver 222 generate sounds with the same amplitude and the same phase.
  • the controller may also use different control signals to cause the first acoustic driver 221 and the second acoustic driver 222 to generate sounds with different amplitudes and phases.
  • the controller can also control the amplitude and phase of acoustic drivers other than the first acoustic driver 221 and the second acoustic driver 222, and can be adjusted according to specific requirements.
  • the acoustic output device distributing two sound guide holes on both sides of the auricle can increase the volume of the sound (also referred to as near-field sound) heard by the user's ear and suppress the leakage of the acoustic output device to a certain extent.
  • the acoustic output device may further divide the two sound guide holes by a baffle to achieve the effects of increasing near-field sound and reducing far-field sound leakage.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic output device provided according to some embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIG. 3, the acoustic output device 300 may include a supporting structure 310, an acoustic driver 320, a baffle 330, and a controller.
  • the acoustic driver 320 and the controller may be located inside the supporting structure 310.
  • the supporting structure 310 may also be provided with sound guide holes 311 and sound guide holes 312 for guiding sound.
  • the sound guide hole 311 and the sound guide hole 312 may be located on the front side or the back side of the auricle at the same time.
  • the sound level of the acoustic output device 300 at any point in the space is related to the distance from the point to the sound guide hole 311 and the sound guide hole 312.
  • the sound guide hole 311 and the sound guide hole 312 respectively output sounds with the same amplitude and opposite phase (represented by the symbols "+" and "-").
  • the baffle 130 can be used to adjust the distance from the sound guide hole 311 and the sound guide hole 312 to the user's ear (that is, the listening position).
  • the sound guide hole 311 and the sound guide hole 312 may be located on both sides of the baffle 330 respectively.
  • the number of baffles 330 may be one or more.
  • one or more baffles 330 may be provided between the sound guide hole 311 and the sound guide hole 312.
  • the acoustic output device 300 further includes sound guide holes other than the sound guide hole 311 and the sound guide hole 312, one or more baffles 330 may be provided between every two sound guide holes.
  • the baffle 330 may be fixedly connected to the supporting structure 310.
  • the baffle 330 may be used as a part of the supporting structure 310 or integrally formed with the supporting structure 310. In other embodiments, the baffle 330 may also be connected to other components of the acoustic output device 300 (for example, the outer casing of the acoustic output device 300).
  • the acoustic driver 320 may include a diaphragm. When the diaphragm vibrates, sound can be emitted from the front and back sides of the diaphragm, respectively.
  • the front side of the diaphragm in the support structure 310 is provided with a front chamber 313 for transmitting sound.
  • the front chamber 313 is acoustically coupled with the sound guide hole 311, and the sound on the front side of the diaphragm can be emitted from the sound guide hole 311 through the front chamber 313.
  • a rear chamber 314 for transmitting sound is provided at a position behind the diaphragm in the support structure 310.
  • the rear chamber 314 is acoustically coupled with the sound guide hole 312, and the sound on the rear side of the diaphragm can be emitted from the sound guide hole 112 through the rear chamber 114.
  • the front and back sides of the diaphragm can simultaneously produce a set of opposite phase sounds.
  • the sound passes through the front chamber 313 and the rear chamber 314 respectively, it will propagate outward from the positions of the sound guide hole 311 and the sound guide hole 312.
  • the specific content of the supporting structure 310, the acoustic driver 320, the controller, the front chamber 313, and the rear chamber 314 in the acoustic output device 300 is similar to the description of the corresponding structure in FIG. 1, and will not be repeated here.
  • the above description is only for convenience of description and is not used to limit the application. It can be understood that those skilled in the art, after understanding the principle of the present application, can make various modifications and changes in the form and details of the above acoustic output device without violating this principle.
  • the number of acoustic drivers in the acoustic output device is not limited to two in FIG. 2, but can also be three, four, five, etc., and the supporting structure can be adjusted adaptively according to the number and distribution of acoustic drivers.
  • the acoustic driver and the sound guide hole may also be acoustically coupled through the sound guide tube. The above changes are all within the protection scope of this application.
  • the acoustic output device and the auricle can be equivalent to a dual sound source-baffle model in this application.
  • each sound guide hole on the acoustic output device can be approximately regarded as a point sound source.
  • the sound field sound pressure p generated by a single-point sound source satisfies formula (1):
  • ⁇ is the angular frequency
  • ⁇ 0 is the air density
  • r is the distance between the target point and the sound source
  • Q 0 is the volume velocity of the sound source
  • k is the wave number
  • the distance is inversely proportional.
  • Two sound guide holes can be provided in the acoustic output device to construct a dual-point sound source to reduce the sound radiated by the sound output device to the surrounding environment (ie, far-field sound leakage).
  • the two sound guide holes that is, the two-point sound source
  • the acoustic output device can show different sound effects in the near field and the far field.
  • the far-field leakage can be realized according to the principle of sound wave anti-phase cancellation. Tone reduction.
  • the sound field sound pressure p generated by the two-point sound source satisfies the following formula:
  • a 1 and A 2 are the intensities of two point sound sources
  • ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are the phases of the point sound sources
  • d is the distance between the two point sound sources
  • r 1 and r 2 satisfy the formula (3 ):
  • r is the distance between any target point in space and the center of the dual-point sound source
  • ⁇ represents the angle between the line between the target point and the center of the dual-point sound source and the line where the dual-point sound source is located.
  • the size of the sound pressure p of the target point in the sound field is related to the intensity, spacing d, phase of the sound source at each point, and the distance from the sound source.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of two point sound sources and listening positions provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a frequency response characteristic curve of a near-field listening position of two-point sound sources with different spacings according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the listening position is taken as the target point to further illustrate the relationship between the sound pressure at the target point and the point sound source distance d.
  • the listening position mentioned here can be used to indicate the position of the user's ears, that is, the sound at the listening position can be used to indicate the near-field sound produced by two point sound sources.
  • near-field sound means a sound within a certain range from a sound source (for example, a point sound source equivalent to the sound guide hole 111), for example, a sound within a range of 0.2 m from the sound source.
  • a sound source for example, a point sound source equivalent to the sound guide hole 111
  • the point sound sources A 1 and A 2 point source located on the same side of the listening position, and a point sound source closer to the listening position A 1, A 1 point source and a point
  • the sound source A 2 respectively outputs sounds with the same amplitude but opposite phases. 6, with the increase of point sound sources A 1 and A 2 pitch point sound source (e.g., by the increased 1Od d), gradually increases the volume of the listening position.
  • the amplitude difference that is, the sound pressure difference
  • the sound path difference becomes larger, making the sound The destructive effect becomes weaker, which in turn increases the volume of the listening position.
  • the volume at the listening position in the middle and low frequency bands (for example, the sound with a frequency less than 1000 Hz) is still lower than the volume produced by a single-point sound source at the same location and the same intensity.
  • the sound pressure amplitude that is, the sound pressure
  • the sound pressure may refer to the pressure generated by the vibration of sound through air.
  • the volume at the listening position can be increased by increasing the distance between the two-point sound source (for example, the point sound source A 1 and the point sound source A 2 ), but as the distance increases, the sound of the two-point sound source The cancellation ability becomes weak, which in turn leads to an increase in far-field sound leakage.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of the leakage index of two-point sound sources with different spacings in the far field according to some embodiments of the present application. As shown in Figure 7, taking the far-field sound leakage index of a single-point sound source as a reference, as the distance between two-point sound sources increases from d to 10d, the far-field sound leakage index gradually increases, indicating that the sound leakage gradually becomes larger. .
  • the leakage index please refer to formula (4) and related descriptions in the specification of this application.
  • FIG. 8 is an exemplary distribution diagram of baffles provided between two-point sound sources according to some embodiments of the present application. As shown in Figure 8, when a baffle is provided between the point sound source A 1 and the point sound source A 2 , in the near field, the sound field of the point sound source A 2 needs to bypass the baffle to be able to communicate with the point sound source A 1 The sound waves interfere at the listening position, which is equivalent to increasing the sound path from the point sound source A 2 to the listening position.
  • the amplitude of the sound waves of the point sound source A 1 and the point sound source A 2 at the listening position is compared with that without a baffle.
  • the value difference increases, so that the degree of cancellation of the two sounds at the listening position decreases, and the volume at the listening position increases.
  • the sound waves generated by the point sound source A 1 and the point sound source A 2 can interfere in a larger space without bypassing the baffle (similar to the case of no baffle), which is compared to Without a baffle, the sound leakage in the far field will not increase significantly. Therefore, setting a baffle structure between the point sound source A 1 and the point sound source A 2 can significantly increase the volume of the near-field listening position without significantly increasing the volume of the far-field leakage sound.
  • FIG. 9 is a near-field frequency response characteristic curve when the auricle is located between two-point sound sources according to some embodiments of the application
  • FIG. 10 is a near-field frequency response characteristic curve when the auricle is located between the two-point sound sources according to some embodiments of the application
  • the frequency response characteristic curve of the far field when the two-point sound sources are located on both sides of the auricle, the auricle has the effect of a baffle, so for convenience, the auricle may also be called a baffle.
  • the result can be equivalent to that the near-field sound is produced by a two-point sound source with a spacing of D 1 (also called mode 1), and the far-field sound is produced by a two-point sound source with a spacing of D 2 Point sound source generation (also called mode 2), where D 1 >D 2 .
  • D 1 also called mode 1
  • D 2 Point sound source generation also called mode 2
  • D 1 >D 2 Point sound source generation
  • the near-field sound volume is basically the same, and both are greater than the near-field sound volume of Mode 2, and are close to the near-field sound volume of a single-point sound source.
  • the frequency increases (for example, when the frequency is between 2000 Hz and 7000 Hz)
  • the volume of the near-field sound when the mode 1 and two-point sound sources are distributed on both sides of the auricle is greater than that of the single-point sound source. This shows that when the user's auricle is located between the two-point sound source, the near-field sound volume transmitted from the sound source to the user's ear can be effectively enhanced.
  • the far-field leakage sound volume will increase, but when the two-point sound source is distributed on both sides of the auricle, the far-field leakage sound volume generated by it is the same as that of the far-field mode 2
  • the sound leakage volume is basically the same, and both are smaller than the far-field leakage sound volume of Mode 1 and the far-field sound leakage volume of a single-point sound source. This shows that when the user's auricle is located between the two-point sound source, the sound transmitted from the sound source to the far field can be effectively reduced, that is, the sound leakage from the sound source to the surrounding environment can be effectively reduced.
  • the leakage index ⁇ can be used as an index to evaluate the ability to reduce the leakage:
  • the sound leakage index when the two-point sound source is distributed on both sides of the auricle is smaller than Mode 1 (there is no baffle structure between the two-point sound source, and the distance is D 1 ), Mode 2 (no baffle structure between the two-point sound source, and the spacing is D 2 ) and the leakage index in the case of a single-point sound source, which shows that when the two-point sound source is located on both sides of the auricle, the acoustic output
  • the device has better ability to reduce leakage.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of measuring the leakage index provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the listening position is on the left side of the point sound source A 1
  • the leakage measurement method is to select the two-point sound source (A 1 and A 2 as shown in Figure 12) as the center of the circle and the radius as The average value of the sound pressure amplitude at each point on the spherical surface of r is taken as the value of sound leakage.
  • the method of measuring leakage sound in this manual is only an exemplary explanation of the principle and effect, and is not limited.
  • the measurement and calculation method of leakage sound can also be adjusted reasonably according to the actual situation, for example, taking the far-field position One point or more than one point is used as the location for measuring leakage. For another example, taking the center of the two-point sound source as the center of the circle, the sound pressure amplitudes of two or more points are uniformly averaged according to a certain spatial angle in the far field.
  • the listening measurement method may be to select a location point near the point sound source as the listening position, and use the sound pressure amplitude measured at the listening position as the listening value.
  • the listening position may be on the line of two point sound sources or not on the line of two point sound sources. The listening measurement and calculation methods can also be adjusted reasonably according to the actual situation.
  • the sound pressure amplitude of other points or more than one point in the near field position can be averaged.
  • the sound pressure amplitudes of two or more points are uniformly averaged according to a certain spatial angle in the near field.
  • the distance between the near-field listening position and the point sound source is much smaller than the distance between the point sound source and the far-field sound leakage measurement sphere.
  • the use of the sound guide hole for outputting sound as a point sound source in this application is only used as an explanation of the principle and effect, and does not limit the shape and size of the sound guide hole in practical applications.
  • the area of the sound guide hole is larger, it can also be equivalent to radiating sound outward in the form of a surface sound source.
  • the point sound source can also be realized by other structures, such as a vibrating surface, a sound radiating surface, and so on.
  • the sound produced by structures such as sound guide holes, vibrating surfaces, and sound radiating surfaces can be equivalent to point sound at the spatial scale discussed in this application.
  • the source has the same sound propagation characteristics and the same mathematical description. Further, for those skilled in the art, without paying any creative activity, it can be known that the acoustic effect achieved by the "acoustic driver outputting sound from at least two first sound guide holes" described in this application can also be achieved by the above Other acoustic structures achieve the same effect, such as "at least two acoustic drivers output sound from at least one sound radiating surface". According to the actual situation, other acoustic structures can be selected for reasonable adjustment and combination, and the same acoustic output effect can also be achieved.
  • the principle of the above-mentioned surface sound source and other structures to radiate sound is similar to the above-mentioned point sound source, so I will not repeat it here. .
  • the number of sound guide holes (point sound source or surface sound source) on the acoustic output device is not limited to the above two, and the number can be three, four, five, etc., thereby forming multiple groups
  • the form of the dual-point/surface sound source, or a group of multi-point/surface sound sources is not specifically limited here, and it can also achieve the technical effects that can be achieved by the dual-point sound source in this application.
  • the near-field volume or/and of the listening position under different conditions The far-field leakage volume is specified.
  • Fig. 13 is a graph of frequency response between two point sound sources provided with and without baffles according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the acoustic output device adds a baffle between two point sound sources (ie, two sound guide holes), in the near field, it is equivalent to increasing the distance between the two point sound sources.
  • the sound volume at the listening position is equivalent to being produced by a set of two-point sound sources with a large distance, so that the listening volume in the near field is significantly increased compared to the case without a baffle.
  • the sound leakage is equivalent to a set of two point sound sources with a small distance, so the sound leakage is in the presence or absence of baffles.
  • the situation does not change significantly. It can be seen that by setting a baffle between the two sound guide holes (two-point sound source), while effectively improving the sound output device's ability to reduce leakage, it can also significantly increase the near-field volume of the sound output device. Therefore, the requirements for the components that play a sounding role in the acoustic output device are greatly reduced.
  • the electrical loss of the acoustic output device can be reduced. Therefore, the use time of the acoustic output device can be greatly extended under the condition of a certain amount of power.
  • FIG. 14 is a near-field frequency response characteristic curve when the distance d between two-point sound sources is 1 cm according to some embodiments of the application
  • FIG. 15 is a near-field frequency response curve when the distance d between two-point sound sources is 2 cm according to some embodiments of the application.
  • Field frequency response characteristic curve FIG. 16 is a near-field frequency response characteristic curve when the distance d of a two-point sound source provided according to some embodiments of the present application is 4 cm
  • FIG. 17 is a near-field frequency response characteristic curve provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the sound leakage index curve in the far field when d is 1 cm.
  • FIG. 18 is the sound leakage index curve in the far field when the two-point sound source spacing d is 2 cm according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is based on some implementations of the present application. The example provides the far-field sound leakage index curve when the distance d between the two-point sound source is 4cm.
  • the sound guide holes d for different sound guide holes d (for example, 1cm, 2cm, 4cm), at a certain frequency, in the near-field listening position (for example, the user’s ears), two guide holes
  • the sound holes are respectively arranged on both sides of the auricle (that is, when the “baffle effect” is shown in the figure)
  • the sound volume provided is higher than when the two sound guide holes are not arranged on both sides of the auricle (that is, as shown in the figure) Shows the "no baffle effect" when the volume provided is loud.
  • the certain frequency mentioned here may be below 10000 Hz, or preferably, below 5000 Hz, or more preferably, below 1000 Hz.
  • the distance d between two sound guide holes or two-point sound sources cannot be too large.
  • the distance d between the two sound guide holes can be set to be no more than 20 cm.
  • the distance d between the two sound guide holes can be set to no more than 12cm, preferably, the distance d between the two sound guide holes can be set to no more than 10cm, preferably, the distance d between the two sound guide holes It can be set to be no more than 8cm, more preferably, the distance d between the two sound guide holes can be set to be no more than 6cm, and further preferably, the distance d between two sound guide holes can be set to be no more than 3cm.
  • the acoustic output device may be provided with at least two sound guide holes, and the at least two sound guide holes include two sound guide holes respectively located on the front and rear sides of the user's auricle. Sound guide hole.
  • the sound guide hole located on the front of the auricle is away from the user’s ear canal.
  • the acoustic path (that is, the acoustic distance from the sound guide hole to the entrance of the user's ear canal) is shorter than the acoustic path of the sound guide hole located at the back of the auricle from the user's ear.
  • the acoustic output device may include two sound guide holes, the two sound guide holes are respectively located on both sides of the listening position, the baffle is located on one side of the listening position, and the two sound guide holes The distance from the sound guide hole on the same side of the baffle to the listening position is smaller than the distance from the other sound guide hole to the listening position.
  • four representative listening positions (listening position 1, listening position Listening position 2, listening position 3, listening position 4), explain the effect and principle of listening position selection.
  • the distance between listening position 1, listening position 2, and listening position 3 and the point sound source A 1 is equal to r 1
  • the distance between listening position 4 and the point sound source A 1 is r 2
  • point sound source A 1 and point sound source A 2 respectively produce sounds with opposite phases.
  • Fig. 21 is a graph showing the frequency response characteristics of a double-point sound source without a baffle provided by some embodiments of the present application at different listening positions in the near field.
  • Fig. 22 is based on Fig. 21 and obtained according to formula (4) Leakage index graphs for different listening positions. As shown in Figures 21 and 22, for the listening position 1, since the sound path difference between the point sound source A 1 and the point sound source A 2 in the listening position 1 is small, the two point sound sources are generated at the listening position 1. The difference in the amplitude of the sound is small, so the sound of the two point sound sources interferes in the listening position 1, resulting in a lower listening volume compared to other listening positions.
  • listening position 2 compared to listening position 1, the distance between the listening position and point sound source A 1 has not changed, that is, the sound interval from point sound source A 1 to listening position 2 has not changed, but the listening position
  • the distance between position 2 and point sound source A 2 increases, the sound path from point sound source A 2 to listening position 2 increases, and the difference in amplitude of the sound produced by point sound source A 1 and point sound source A 2 at this position Increase, so the listening volume after the interference of the two point sound sources at listening position 2 is greater than the listening volume at listening position 1.
  • the listening volume at listening position 3 is the largest.
  • the listening volume of the near-field listening position will change with the relative position of the listening position and the two point sound sources.
  • the listening position When the listening position is on the line connecting two point sound sources and on the same side of the two point sound sources (for example, listening position 3), the sound path difference between the two point sound sources at the listening position is the largest (sound path The difference is the distance d) between the two point sound sources. In this case (that is, when the auricle is not used as a baffle), the listening volume at this listening position is greater than the listening volume at other positions.
  • formula (4) when the far-field sound leakage is constant, the sound leakage index corresponding to the listening position is the smallest, and the ability to reduce leakage is the strongest.
  • reducing the distance r 1 between the listening position and the point sound source A 1 (for example, listening position 4) can further increase the volume of the listening position, reduce the sound leakage index, and improve the ability to reduce the leakage.
  • Fig. 23 is a graph showing the frequency response characteristics of a baffled two-point sound source (as shown in Fig. 20) at different listening positions in the near field according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 24 is based on Fig. 23 , According to formula (4) to obtain the leakage index map of different listening positions.
  • the listening volume generated by the dual-point sound source at listening position 1 when there is a baffle increases significantly, and the listening volume at listening position 1 exceeds the listening volume The listening volume at position 2 and listening position 3.
  • the listening volume of the near-field listening position changes with the change of the listening position, so in different listening positions, according to formula (4) .
  • the leakage index of the acoustic output device is different.
  • the listening positions with higher listening volume for example, listening position 1 and listening position 4
  • the listening positions with lower listening volume for example, listening position Position 2 and listening position 3
  • the leakage index is larger, and the ability to reduce the leakage is weak.
  • the user's auricle can be used as a baffle, and the two sound guide holes on the acoustic output device can be arranged on the front and rear sides of the auricle, and the ear canal is located at two listening positions. Between sound guide holes.
  • the distance from the sound guide hole on the front of the auricle to the ear canal is smaller than the distance from the sound guide hole on the back of the auricle to the ear canal.
  • the acoustic output device may include one or more contact points (for example, "inflection points" on the support structure to match the shape of the ear) that contact the auricle when worn.
  • the contact point may be located on the line of the two sound guide holes or on one side of the line of the two sound guide holes.
  • the ratio of the distance between the sound guide hole on the front side to the contact point and the distance from the sound guide hole on the back side to the contact point may be between 0.05 and 1, preferably between 0.1 and 1, more preferably, between 0.2 -1, more preferably, 0.4-1.
  • the distance from the sound guide hole on the same side of the baffle as the listening position (for example, the user’s ear hole) to the listening position is smaller than that of the other baffle. The distance between the sound guide hole on the side and the listening position.
  • the sound guide hole on the same side of the baffle as the listening position is closer to the listening position, the sound guide hole on the same side of the baffle as the listening position
  • the sound amplitude produced at the listening position is larger, while the sound guide hole on the other side of the baffle produces a smaller sound amplitude at the listening position, reducing the sound of the two sound guide holes in the listening position
  • the interference at the position cancels, so as to ensure that the listening volume at the listening position is louder.
  • the acoustic output device when the distance between one of the two sound guide holes and the baffle is much smaller than the distance between the other sound guide hole and the baffle, the acoustic output device is also at the near-field listening position. Will have a louder volume.
  • the ratio of the distance from one sound guide hole to the baffle in the two sound guide holes to the distance from the other sound guide hole to the baffle is not more than 2/3.
  • the ratio of the distance from one sound guide hole to the baffle of the two sound guide holes to the distance from the other sound guide hole to the baffle is not more than 1/2.
  • the ratio of the distance from one sound guide hole to the baffle of the two sound guide holes to the distance from the other sound guide hole to the baffle is not more than 1/3.
  • the ratio of the distance from one sound guide hole to the baffle of the two sound guide holes to the distance from the other sound guide hole to the baffle is not more than 1/4.
  • the ratio of the distance from one sound guide hole to the baffle of the two sound guide holes to the distance from the other sound guide hole to the baffle is not more than 1/6.
  • the ratio of the distance from one sound guide hole to the baffle of the two sound guide holes to the distance from the other sound guide hole to the baffle is not more than 1/10.
  • the two sound guide holes of the acoustic output device may also be located on the same side of the listening position at the same time.
  • the two sound guide holes of the acoustic output device may be located below the listening position (for example, the ear holes of the user) at the same time.
  • the two sound guide holes of the acoustic output device may be located in front of the listening position at the same time. It should be noted that the two sound guide holes of the acoustic output device are not limited to be located below and in front of the listening position, and the two sound guide holes may also be located above the listening position.
  • the two sound guide holes of the acoustic output device are not limited to the vertical arrangement and the horizontal arrangement, and the two sound guide holes of the acoustic output device can also be arranged obliquely.
  • the listening position can be located on the line of the two sound guide holes or not on the line of the two sound guide holes.
  • the listening position can be located on the upper, lower, left or right side of the connection between the two sound guide holes.
  • the ratio of the distance from the sound guide hole close to the listening position to the distance between the two sound guide holes may not be greater than 3.
  • the ratio of the distance from the sound guide hole close to the listening position to the distance between the two sound guide holes may not be greater than 1.
  • the ratio of the distance from the sound guide hole near the listening position to the distance between the two sound guide holes may not be greater than 0.9. More preferably, the ratio of the distance from the sound guide hole close to the listening position to the distance between the two sound guide holes may not be greater than 0.6. More preferably, the ratio of the distance between the sound guide hole near the listening position to the listening position and the distance between the two sound guide holes may not be greater than 0.3.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary distribution of dual-point sound sources and baffles provided according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the position of the baffle between the two sound guide holes also has a certain influence on the sound output effect. For illustrative purposes only, as shown in FIG.
  • a baffle is provided between the point sound source A 1 and the point sound source A 2 , and the listening position (for example, the user's ear hole) is located between the point sound source A 1 and the point sound source A 2 a 2 of the connection, and the listening position is located between the point source and the baffle a 1, a 1 point sound source and the distance the shutter is L, between the point source and a point sound sources a 1 a 2
  • the distance is d
  • the distance between the point sound source A1 and the listening sound is L 1
  • the distance between the listening position and the baffle is L 2
  • the height of the baffle in the direction perpendicular to the connection of the two-point sound source is h
  • the distance from the center of the board to the line connecting the two point sound sources is H.
  • FIG. 26 is a frequency response characteristic curve of the near field of the baffle provided according to some embodiments of the present application at different positions
  • FIG. 27 is a frequency response characteristic curve of the far field of the baffle provided according to some embodiments of the present application at different positions
  • Fig. 28 is a graph of the sound leakage index of the baffle provided in different positions according to some embodiments of the present application. Combining Figure 25 to Figure 28, the far-field sound leakage varies little with the position of the baffle between the two-point sound sources.
  • the listening position is farther away from the baffle, and the baffle has less influence on the sound path difference between the point sound source A 1 and the point sound source A 2 reaching the listening position, so the listening position is added after the baffle is added.
  • the volume changes less.
  • the baffle or human auricle
  • the position of the two sound guide holes can be designed so that when the user wears the acoustic output device, the sound guide hole on the front side of the auricle is connected to the auricle (or the acoustic output device is used for contact with the auricle).
  • the ratio of the distance between the dots) to the distance between the two sound guide holes is not more than 0.5.
  • the ratio of the distance from the sound guide hole on the front side of the auricle to the auricle (or the contact point on the acoustic output device for contacting the auricle) to the distance between the two sound guide holes is not greater than 0.3.
  • the ratio of the distance from the sound guide hole on the front side of the auricle to the auricle (or the contact point on the acoustic output device for contacting the auricle) to the distance between the two sound guide holes is not greater than 0.1.
  • the positions of the two sound guide holes can be designed so that when the user wears the acoustic output device, the distance between the sound guide hole and the baffle near the listening position (for example, the entrance position of the human ear canal) is equal to two
  • the ratio of the pitch between the sound guide holes is not more than 0.5.
  • the ratio of the distance between the sound guide hole near the listening position to the baffle and the distance between the two sound guide holes is not greater than 0.3.
  • the sound path from the acoustic driver to the sound guide hole in the acoustic output device has a certain effect on the near-field volume and far-field leakage.
  • the sound path can be changed by adjusting the length of the cavity between the diaphragm and the sound guide hole in the acoustic output device.
  • the acoustic driver includes one diaphragm, and the front and rear sides of the diaphragm are respectively coupled to two sound guide holes through the front chamber and the rear chamber.
  • the sound path between the diaphragm and the two sound guide holes is different.
  • the sound path ratio of the diaphragm to the two sound guide holes is 0.5-2.
  • the sound path ratio of the diaphragm to the two sound guide holes is 0.6-1.5. Further preferably, the sound path ratio of the diaphragm to the two sound guide holes is 0.8-1.2.
  • the sound path from each acoustic driver to the sound guide hole can be adjusted by changing the length of the cavity from the output end of each acoustic driver to the sound guide hole.
  • the acoustic output device may include a first acoustic driver and a second acoustic driver
  • the two sound guide holes may include a first sound guide hole and a second sound guide hole, the first acoustic driver and the second acoustic driver respectively
  • the first cavity and the second cavity are coupled to two sound guide holes.
  • the sound path from the output terminal of the first acoustic driver to the first sound guide hole is different from the sound path from the output terminal of the second acoustic driver to the second sound guide hole.
  • the sound path ratio from the output end of the first acoustic driver to the first sound guide hole and the output end of the second acoustic driver to the second sound guide hole is 0.5-2.
  • the sound path ratio from the output end of the first acoustic driver to the first sound guide hole and the output end of the second acoustic driver to the second sound guide hole is 0.6-1.5. Further preferably, the sound path ratio from the output end of the first acoustic driver to the first sound guide hole and the output end of the second acoustic driver to the second sound guide hole is 0.8-1.2.
  • the amplitude of the sound generated at the two sound guide holes may be changed on the premise of keeping the phases of the sounds generated at the two sound guide holes opposite to improve the output effect of the acoustic output device.
  • the purpose of adjusting the sound amplitude at the sound guide hole can be achieved by adjusting the impedance of the acoustic path between the two sound guide holes and the acoustic driver.
  • impedance may refer to the resistance to be overcome by the displacement of the medium during sound wave conduction.
  • the acoustic path may be filled with or not filled with damping materials (for example, tuning nets, tuning cotton, etc.) to achieve sound amplitude modulation.
  • a resonant cavity, a sound hole, an acoustic slit, a tuning net, or a tuning cotton may be provided in the acoustic path to adjust the acoustic resistance to change the impedance of the acoustic path.
  • the acoustic resistance of the acoustic path can also be changed by adjusting the apertures of the two sound guide holes.
  • the acoustic impedance ratio of the acoustic driver (the diaphragm) to the two sound guide holes is 0.5-2. More preferably, the ratio of the acoustic impedance of the acoustic driver (diaphragm) to the two sound guide holes is 0.8-1.2.
  • the size of the baffle also affects the sound output effect of the dual-point sound source.
  • Fig. 29 is a frequency response characteristic curve of the near field of the two-point sound source when baffles of different heights are selected in the structure shown in Fig. 25.
  • the volume provided is greater than two.
  • the volume provided is loud.
  • the height of the baffle increases, that is, the ratio of the height of the baffle to the distance between the two-point sound source increases, the volume provided by the two-point sound source at the listening position gradually increases. It can be explained that appropriately increasing the height of the baffle can effectively increase the volume of the listening position.
  • FIG. 30 is the frequency response characteristic curve of the far field of the two-point sound source when baffles of different heights are selected in the structure shown in FIG. 25.
  • the far-field position for example, the environmental position far away from the user’s ears
  • the ratio h/d of the baffle height to the distance between the two-point sound source changes within a certain range (for example, as shown in the figure, h/d is equal to 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8)
  • the leakage sound volume generated by the dual-point sound source is not much different from the leakage sound volume generated by the dual-point sound source without a baffle.
  • the sound leakage volume of the two-point sound source at the far field position is higher than that of the undisturbed sound source.
  • the size of the baffle between the two-point sound sources should not be too large.
  • Fig. 31 is a diagram showing the sound leakage index of the two-point sound source when baffles of different heights are selected in the structure shown in Fig. 25.
  • the sound leakage index when baffles of different heights are arranged between the two-point sound source is smaller than the sound leakage index when the baffle is not arranged between the two-point sound sources. Therefore, in some embodiments, in order to keep the sound output device as loud as possible in the near field while suppressing the sound leakage in the far field, a baffle can be provided between the two sound guide holes and the height of the baffle is equal to two The ratio of the spacing between the sound guide holes is not greater than 5.
  • the ratio of the height of the baffle to the distance between the two sound guide holes is not greater than 3.
  • the ratio of the height of the baffle to the distance between the two sound guide holes is not greater than 2.
  • the ratio of the height of the baffle to the distance between the two sound guide holes is not more than 1.8.
  • the ratio of the height of the baffle to the distance between the two sound guide holes is not more than 1.5.
  • the ratio of the height of the auricle to the distance between the two sound guide holes is not greater than 5.
  • the ratio of the height of the auricle to the distance between the two sound guide holes is not greater than 4.
  • the ratio of the height of the auricle to the distance between the two sound guide holes and the distance between the two sound guide holes is not greater than 3.
  • the ratio of the height of the auricle to the distance between the two sound guide holes is not greater than 2.
  • the ratio of the height of the auricle to the distance between the two sound guide holes is not more than 1.8.
  • the ratio of the height of the auricle to the distance between the two sound guide holes is not greater than 1.5.
  • the height of the auricle may refer to the length of the auricle in a direction perpendicular to the sagittal plane.
  • the distance from the center of the baffle to the connection of the dual-point sound source will also affect the near-field volume and far-field leakage volume of the acoustic output device.
  • the height of the baffle is h, and the distance from the center of the baffle to the line connecting the two point sound sources is H.
  • the center of the baffle may refer to the midpoint of the height of the baffle (that is, the length of the baffle in the direction perpendicular to the line connecting the two-point sound sources). It should be noted that the baffle is not limited to the intersection with the line of the two-point sound source as shown in FIG. 25, and the baffle may also be located above or below the line of the two-point sound source as a whole.
  • Fig. 32 is the frequency response characteristic curve of the near field of the double-point sound source when the ratio of the distance from the center of the baffle to the connection line of the double-point sound source and the height of the baffle in the structure of Fig. 25 takes different values.
  • the volume provided is higher than that of the two-point sound source.
  • the volume provided is high.
  • Fig. 33 is the frequency response characteristic curve of the far field of the double-point sound source when the ratio of the distance from the center of the baffle to the connecting line of the double-point sound source and the height of the baffle in the structure of Fig. 25 takes different values.
  • FIG. 34 is a diagram of the sound leakage index when the ratio of the distance between the center of the baffle to the line of the two-point sound source and the height of the baffle in the structure of FIG. 25 is different.
  • the sound leakage index when the baffles with different positions are set between the two-point sound sources is higher than that between the two-point sound sources.
  • the sound leakage index is small when the baffle is installed (that is, when the baffle is not shown in the figure), it indicates that the sound leakage reduction ability is stronger when the baffle at different positions is installed between the two-point sound sources. Furthermore, as the center of the baffle gets closer, that is, as the distance between the center of the baffle and the two-point sound source gradually decreases, the sound leakage index gradually decreases, and the ability to reduce the sound leakage continues to increase.
  • the ratio of the distance from the center of the baffle to the connection line between the two sound guide holes and the height of the baffle Can be no more than 2.
  • the ratio of the distance from the center of the baffle to the connecting line of the two sound guide holes to the height of the baffle may not be greater than 1.5.
  • the ratio of the distance from the center of the baffle to the connecting line of the two sound guide holes to the height of the baffle may not be greater than 1. More preferably, the ratio of the distance from the center of the baffle to the connecting line of the two sound guide holes to the height of the baffle may not be greater than 0.5. More preferably, the ratio of the distance from the center of the baffle to the connecting line of the two sound guide holes to the height of the baffle may not be greater than 0.3.
  • the supporting structure of the acoustic output device itself can function as a baffle.
  • one of the two sound guide holes may be opened on the side of the support structure facing the user's ear. Further, the opening direction of the sound guide hole may be toward the direction close to the user's ear, and the other sound guide hole It can be opened on the side of the support structure facing away from the user's ear. Further, the opening direction of the sound guide hole can be directed away from the user's ear. In this case, the distance from the structural center of the support structure (referring to the centroid or mass center of the support structure) to the connection of the two sound guide holes will affect the near-field volume and far-field leakage volume of the acoustic output device.
  • the structure center of the support structure mentioned here may refer to the center of the support structure in the direction perpendicular to the connection line of the two sound guide holes.
  • the two sound guide holes of the acoustic output device are located at both ends of the supporting structure ("+” can indicate the sound emitted by the opening facing away from the ear, and "-" can indicate facing the ear The sound made by the opening).
  • the distance between the structural center of the supporting structure and the connection line between the two sound guide holes is H
  • the structural height of the supporting structure is h.
  • the ratio of the distance from the structural center of the supporting structure to the connecting line of the two sound guide holes to the height of the baffle may not be greater than 2.
  • the ratio of the distance from the structural center of the support structure to the connecting line of the two sound guide holes to the height of the baffle may not be greater than 1.5. More preferably, the ratio of the distance from the structural center of the support structure to the connecting line of the two sound guide holes to the height of the baffle may not be greater than 1. Preferably, the ratio of the distance from the structural center of the supporting structure to the connecting line of the two sound guide holes to the height of the baffle may not be greater than 0.5. Preferably, the ratio of the distance from the structural center of the support structure to the connecting line of the two sound guide holes to the height of the baffle may not be greater than 0.3.
  • the two sound guide holes of the acoustic output device in FIG. 35 are not limited to being arranged in a vertical manner as shown in the figure, and may also be arranged in other manners.
  • the two sound guide holes can also be arranged in a horizontal manner (for example, one sound guide hole is located on the front side facing the ear, and the other sound guide hole is located on the back side facing the ear) or inclined.
  • the two sound guide holes are not limited to the situation that they are located on both sides of the listening position in FIG. 35, and may also be located on the same side of the listening position at the same time.
  • two sound guide holes can be located above, below or in front of the listening position at the same time. The above changes are all within the protection scope of this application.
  • baffles can be provided between each of the multiple point sound sources.
  • the plurality of point sound sources may include at least one group of point sound sources with opposite phases.
  • Fig. 36 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of point sound sources and baffles according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the acoustic output device has 4 point sound sources (respectively corresponding to the 4 sound guide holes on the acoustic output device).
  • the point sound source A 1 and the point sound source A 2 have the same phase
  • the point sound source A 3 and the point sound source A 4 have the same phase
  • the point sound source A 1 and the point sound source A 3 have the opposite phase.
  • the point sound source A 1 , the point sound source A 2 , the point sound source A 3 and the point sound source A 4 may be separated by two cross-arranged baffles or multiple baffles that are spliced together.
  • the point sound source A 1 and the point sound source A 3 (or the point sound source A 4 ), the point sound source A 2 and the point sound source A 3 (or the point sound source A 4 ) can respectively form as described elsewhere in this application Double point sound source.
  • the point sound source A 1 and the point sound source A 3 are arranged relative to each other, and are arranged adjacent to the point sound source A 2 and the point sound source A 4 .
  • the point sound source A 1 and the point sound source A 2 are arranged relative to each other, and are arranged adjacent to the point sound source A 3 and the point sound source A 4 .
  • the acoustic output device has 3 point sound sources (respectively corresponding to the 3 sound guide holes on the acoustic output device).
  • the point sound source A 1 is opposite in phase to the point sound source A 2 and the point sound source A 3 , and can form two sets of double point sound sources as described elsewhere in this application.
  • the point sound source A 1 , the point sound source A 2 and the point sound source A 3 can be separated by two intersecting baffles.
  • the acoustic output device has 3 point sound sources (respectively corresponding to the 3 sound guide holes on the acoustic output device).
  • the point sound source A 1 and the point sound source A 2 have the same phase, and the point sound source A 3 has the opposite phase.
  • the point sound source A 1 and the point sound source A 3 , the point sound source A 2 and the point sound source A 3 may respectively form a double point sound source as described elsewhere in this application.
  • the point sound source A 1 , the point sound source A 2 and the point sound source A 3 can be separated by a V-shaped baffle.
  • Fig. 37 is the frequency response characteristic curve of the near field and the far field with and without baffles between the multi-point sound sources shown in Fig. 36.
  • the listening sound when baffles are set between multiple point sound sources for example, point sound source A 1 , point sound source A 2 , point sound source A 3 and point sound source A 4
  • the volume is significantly greater than the listening volume when the baffle is not set between the multi-point sound sources, which can indicate that the near-field listening volume can be increased when the baffle is set between the multi-point sound sources.
  • the far field there is little difference between the sound leakage volume when the baffle is set between the multipoint sound sources and the sound leakage volume when the baffle is not set between the multipoint sound sources.
  • Fig. 38 is a diagram showing the sound leakage index when a baffle is installed and not installed between multiple point sound sources shown in Fig. 36. As shown in Figure 38, on the whole, the sound leakage index when the baffle is installed between multiple sound sources is significantly reduced compared to the sound leakage index when no baffle is installed between the multi-point sound sources. When the baffle is set between the sound sources, the sound leakage reduction ability is obviously enhanced.
  • Fig. 39 is a diagram of the leakage index corresponding to the two multi-point sound source distribution modes shown in Fig. 36 (a) and (b). As shown in Fig.
  • a baffle may be provided between two of the multiple sound guide holes, that is, each sound guide hole is separated by a baffle.
  • sounds with the same phase (or approximately the same) or opposite (or approximately opposite) phases are output among the plurality of sound guide holes. More preferably, the sound guide holes that output sounds in the same phase can be arranged oppositely, and the sound guide holes that output sounds in opposite phases can be arranged adjacently.
  • the number of point sound sources is not limited to the above three or four, but can also be five, six, seven or more.
  • the specific distribution form of the point sound sources and the structure and shape of the baffle can vary according to The number of point sound sources is adjusted.
  • the shape of the baffle is not limited to the straight plate shown in the figure, and the baffle may also be a curved plate with a certain curvature. The above changes are all within the protection scope of this application.
  • Fig. 40 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of another acoustic output device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the frequency band of listening is mainly concentrated in the middle and low frequency bands, and the optimization goal is mainly to increase the listening volume in this frequency band.
  • the parameters of the dual-point sound source can be adjusted by certain means to achieve a significant increase in listening volume while the leakage volume is basically unchanged (the increase in listening volume is greater than the increase in leakage volume).
  • the sound leakage reduction effect of the dual-point sound source becomes weaker.
  • the main objective is to reduce the sound leakage.
  • the acoustic output device 100 may further include an acoustic driver 130.
  • the acoustic driver 130 outputs sound from the two third sound guide holes.
  • the acoustic driver 130 and the acoustic driver 120 may respectively output sounds of different frequencies.
  • the controller is used to make the acoustic driver 120 output sound in a first frequency range, and make the acoustic driver 130 output sound in a second frequency range, wherein the second frequency range includes The frequency of the frequency range.
  • the range of the first frequency is 100 Hz-1000 Hz
  • the range of the second frequency is 1000 Hz-10000 Hz.
  • the sound in the overlapping frequency range can be regarded as being output from the first sound guide hole, the second sound guide hole and the two third sound guide holes.
  • the acoustic driver 120 is a low frequency speaker, and the acoustic driver 130 is a mid-to-high frequency speaker. Due to the different frequency response characteristics of low frequency speakers and mid-to-high frequency speakers, the output sound frequency bands will also be different. By using low frequency speakers and mid-to-high frequency speakers, the high and low frequency sounds can be divided, and then the low frequency can be constructed separately. Double-point sound source and mid-high frequency double-point sound source are used for near-field sound output and far-field leakage reduction.
  • the acoustic driver 120 may provide a two-point sound source that outputs low-frequency sound through the sound guide hole 111 and the sound guide hole 112, and is mainly used to output sound in the low frequency band.
  • Low-frequency dual-point sound sources can be distributed on both sides of the auricle to increase the volume near the ear in the near field.
  • the acoustic driver 130 can provide a double-point sound source outputting a mid-to-high frequency band through the two third sound guide holes, and can reduce the mid-to-high frequency sound leakage by controlling the distance between the two third sound guide holes.
  • the mid-to-high frequency dual-point sound source can be distributed on both sides of the auricle, or on the same side of the auricle.
  • the acoustic driver 120 may provide a two-point sound source outputting full-frequency sound through the sound guide hole 111 and the sound guide hole 112 to further increase the volume of the near-field sound.
  • FIG. 41 is a diagram of the leakage index under the combined action of a low-frequency two-point sound source and a high-frequency two-point sound source provided according to some embodiments of the present application. As shown in Figure 41, by setting two sets of low-frequency dual-point sound sources and high-frequency dual-point sound sources with different spacings, a stronger leakage reduction ability than single-point sound sources can be obtained.
  • the low frequency range after adjusting the distance between the low-frequency two-point sound sources (for example, expanding the distance), the increase in listening sound is greater than the increase in the leakage volume, which can achieve a higher volume output of the acoustic output device in the low frequency range.
  • the low-frequency dual-point sound source since in the low frequency range, the low-frequency dual-point sound source has very little leakage. After adjusting the distance between the low-frequency dual-point sound sources (expanding the spacing), the slightly increased leakage can still be kept at a low level ( ⁇ value). It can be reduced even further).
  • the high frequency range by adjusting the sound source spacing (reducing the spacing), the problem of too low cut-off frequency of high-frequency leakage sound and too narrow audio frequency band of leakage reduction is overcome. It has a stronger sound leakage reduction effect in higher frequency bands, meeting the needs of open binaural acoustic output devices.
  • the total drop leakage curve shown in FIG. 41 is an ideal situation, and is only for explaining the principle effect.
  • the total leakage reduction curve is also affected by the actual circuit filter characteristics, transducer frequency characteristics, sound channel frequency characteristics and other factors.
  • the actual output low-frequency and high-frequency sound will be different from the above figure.
  • low-frequency and high-frequency sounds will have a certain overlap (aliasing) in the frequency bands near the crossover point, causing the total drop leakage to not have a sudden change at the crossover point as shown in the above figure, but near the crossover point
  • the frequency bands have gradual changes and transitions, as indicated by the thin solid line in Figure 41.
  • the two third sound guide holes can output sounds with a phase difference.
  • the two third sound guide holes output sounds with opposite phase differences.
  • the acoustic driver 130 outputting the sound with phase difference from the third sound guide hole reference may be made to the specific description of the acoustic driver 120 outputting sound from the sound guide hole.
  • FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram of a mobile phone with sound guide holes according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the top 4220 of the mobile phone 4200 (that is, "perpendicular" to the upper end surface of the mobile phone display) is provided with a plurality of sound guide holes as described elsewhere in this application.
  • the sound guide hole 4201 may constitute a group of two-point sound sources (or a point sound source array) for outputting sound.
  • the first sound guide hole of the sound guide holes 4201 may be close to the left end of the top 4220, and the second sound guide hole may be close to the right end of the top 4220, and the two sound guide holes are separated by a certain distance.
  • An acoustic driver 4230 is provided inside the housing of the mobile phone 4200. The sound generated by the acoustic driver 4230 can be transmitted outward through the sound guide hole 4201.
  • the two sound guide holes 4201 can emit a group of sounds with the same phase (or approximately the same) and the same (or approximately the same) amplitude.
  • the sound guide holes 4201 can be located on both sides of the user’s ears. According to other embodiments in this application, it is equivalent to adding two sound guide holes to the user’s ears.
  • the sound path difference is so that the sound guide hole 4201 can emit strong near-field sound to the user.
  • the user's ears have little effect on the sound radiated by the sound guide hole 4201 in the far field, so that the sound guide hole 4201 can reduce sound leakage to the surrounding environment due to the cancellation of sound interference.
  • the space required for setting the sound guide hole on the front of the mobile phone can be saved, thereby further increasing the area of the front display of the mobile phone. It can also make the appearance of the mobile phone more concise and beautiful.
  • the above description of the sound guide holes on the mobile phone is only for illustrative purposes. Those skilled in the art can adjust the above structure without violating the principle, and the adjusted structure is still Within the protection scope of this application.
  • all or part of the sound guide hole 3201 can also be set in other positions of the mobile phone 4200, and these settings can still ensure that the user hears a louder volume when receiving voice information, while also avoiding the leakage of voice information to the surrounding environment.
  • the first sound guide hole may be arranged on the top 4220 (closer to the user's ear), and the second sound guide hole may be arranged on the back or side of the mobile phone 4200 (further away from the user's ear).
  • the shell of the mobile phone 4200 is equivalent to a “baffle” between the second sound guide hole and the user’s ear, adding a second sound guide hole.
  • the acoustic path from the two sound guide holes to the user's ears can increase the volume of the user's ears.
  • the housing of the mobile phone 4200 may also be provided with acoustic drivers that output sounds in different frequency ranges. The sound guide holes corresponding to these acoustic drivers are provided with or without baffles in the manner described above.
  • the sound guide holes of the acoustic output device are not limited to the two sound guide holes 111 and 112 corresponding to the acoustic driver 120 distributed on both sides of the auricle and the two third guide holes corresponding to the acoustic driver 130.
  • the sound holes are distributed on the front side of the auricle.
  • the two third sound guide holes corresponding to the acoustic driver 130 may be distributed on the same side of the auricle (for example, the back side, above, or below the auricle).
  • the two third sound guide holes corresponding to the acoustic driver 130 may be distributed on both sides of the auricle.
  • the two sound guide holes 111, the sound guide hole 112 or/and the two third sound guide holes are located on the same side of the auricle, between the two sound guide holes 111 and the sound guide hole 112 or/and the two A baffle can be arranged between the third sound guide holes to further increase the listening volume in the near field and reduce the problem of far-field sound leakage.
  • the two sound guide holes corresponding to the acoustic driver 120 may also be located on the same side of the auricle (for example, the front side, the back side, the upper side, and the lower side of the auricle).
  • this application uses specific words to describe the embodiments of the application.
  • “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, and/or “some embodiments” mean a certain feature, structure, or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that “one embodiment” or “one embodiment” or “an alternative embodiment” mentioned twice or more in different positions in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. .
  • some features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the present application can be appropriately combined.
  • the computer storage medium may contain a propagated data signal containing a computer program code, for example on a baseband or as part of a carrier wave.
  • the propagation signal may have multiple manifestations, including electromagnetic forms, optical forms, etc., or a suitable combination.
  • the computer storage medium may be any computer readable medium other than the computer readable storage medium, and the medium may be connected to an instruction execution system, device, or device to realize communication, propagation, or transmission of the program for use.
  • the program code located on the computer storage medium can be transmitted through any suitable medium, including radio, cable, fiber optic cable, RF, or similar medium, or any combination of the above medium.
  • the computer program codes required for the operation of each part of this application can be written in any one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages such as Java, Scala, Smalltalk, Eiffel, JADE, Emerald, C++, C#, VB.NET, Python Etc., conventional programming languages such as C language, Visual Basic, Fortran 2003, Perl, COBOL 2002, PHP, ABAP, dynamic programming languages such as Python, Ruby and Groovy, or other programming languages.
  • the program code can run entirely on the user's computer, or run as an independent software package on the user's computer, or partly run on the user's computer and partly run on the remote computer, or run entirely on the remote computer or server.
  • the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any form of network, such as a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or to an external computer (for example, via the Internet), or in a cloud computing environment, or as a service Use software as a service (SaaS).
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • SaaS service Use software as a service

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种声学输出装置，该声学输出装置可以包括至少一个声学驱动器，从至少两个导声孔输出该至少一个声学驱动器发出的声音。进一步地，该装置还可以包括控制器，被配置为控制每个至少一个声学驱动器的相位和振幅，该控制器通过控制信号使得该至少一个声学驱动器从至少两个导声孔输出相位相反的声音。进一步地，该装置还包括支撑结构，该支撑结构上设有至少一个挡板，支撑结构被配置为承载所述至少一个声学驱动器，并使得至少两个导声孔分别位于至少一个挡板的两侧。

Description

一种声学输出装置
优先权信息
本申请要求2019年4月30日提交的中国申请号201910364346.2的优先权，2019年9月19日提交的中国申请号201910888762.2的优先权，以及2019年9月19日提交的中国申请号201910888067.6的优先权，全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及声学领域，特别涉及一种声学输出装置。
背景技术
开放双耳的声学输出装置是一种在特定范围内实现声传导的便携式音频输出设备。与传统的入耳式、耳罩式耳机相比，开放双耳的声学输出装置具有不堵塞、不覆盖耳道的特点，可以让用户在聆听音乐的同时，获取外界环境中的声音信息，提高安全性与舒适感。由于开放式结构的使用，开放双耳的声学输出装置的漏音往往较传统耳机更为严重。目前，行业内的普遍做法是利用两个或多个声源，构建特定声场，调控声压分布，以降低漏音。该方法虽然能够在一定程度上能够达到降低漏音的效果，但是仍然存在一定的局限性。例如，该方法在抑制漏音的同时，也会降低发送给用户的声音音量。而且，由于不同频率声音的波长不一样，该方法对高频漏音的抑制效果不佳。
因此希望提供一种声学输出装置，可以同时达到提高用户听音音量和降低漏音的效果。
发明内容
本申请实施例一方面提供一种声学输出装置，该装置包括至少一个声学驱动器，从至少两个导声孔输出所述至少一个声学驱动器发出的声音。进一步地，该装置还包括控制器，被配置为控制每个所述至少一个声学驱动器的相位和振幅，所述控制器通过控制信号使得所述至少一个声学驱动器从所述至少两个导声孔输出相位相反的声音。进一步地，该装置还包括支撑结构，所述支撑结构上设有至少一个挡板，所述支撑结构被配置为承载所述至少一个声学驱动器，并使得所述至少两个导声孔分别位于所述至少一个挡板的两侧。
在一些实施例中，所述至少一个声学驱动器包括一个振膜，所述支撑结构上位于所述振膜的前侧设有用于辐射声音的前室，所述支撑结构上位于所述振膜的后侧设有用于辐射声音的后室，所述前室与所述至少两个导声孔中的一个导声孔声学耦合，所述后室与所述至少两个导声孔中的另一个导声孔声学耦合。
在一些实施例中，振膜到所述至少两个导声孔的声程不同。
在一些实施例中，振膜至所述至少两个导声孔的声程比为0.5-2。
在一些实施例中，至少一个声学驱动器在所述至少两个导声孔处产生的声音具有不同的声压幅值。
在一些实施例中，至少一个声学驱动器包括第一声学驱动器和第二声学驱动器，控制器通过控制信号使得所述第一声学驱动器和第二声学驱动器从所述至少两个导声孔输出相位相反的声音。
在一些实施例中，第一声学驱动器和第二声学驱动器到至少两个导声孔的声程 不同。
在一些实施例中，第一声学驱动器和第二声学驱动器至所述至少两个导声孔的声程比为0.5-2。
在一些实施例中，第一声学驱动器在至少两个导声孔中的一个导声孔处产生的声音与所述第二声学驱动器在所述至少两个导声孔中的另一个导声孔处产生的声音具有不同的声压幅值。
在一些实施例中，至少两个导声孔之间的间距d不大于12cm。
在一些实施例中，至少两个导声孔包括第一导声孔和第二导声孔，所述第一导声孔和用户耳朵位于所述挡板的一侧，所述第二导声孔位于所述挡板的另一侧，所述第一导声孔至用户耳朵的声程小于第二导声孔至用户耳朵的声程。
在一些实施例中，至少两个导声孔位于用户耳朵的同一侧，所述至少两个导声孔中靠近用户耳朵的导声孔至用户耳朵的距离与所述至少两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于3。
在一些实施例中，至少两个导声孔位于用户耳朵的同一侧，所述至少两个导声孔中靠近用户耳朵的导声孔至用户耳朵的距离与所述至少两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于1。
在一些实施例中，至少两个导声孔位于用户耳朵的同一侧，所述至少两个导声孔中靠近用户耳朵的导声孔至用户耳朵的距离与所述至少两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于0.9。
在一些实施例中，挡板的高度与至少两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于1。
在一些实施例中，挡板的中心至所述至少两个导声孔连线的距离与挡板高度的比值不大于2。
在一些实施例中，至少两个导声孔包括第三导声孔和第四导声孔，且第三导声孔到挡板的距离与第四导声孔到挡板的距离之比不大于2/3。
本申请实施例另一方面提供声学输出装置，该装置可以包括至少一个声学驱动器，所述至少一个声学驱动器从至少两个导声孔输出声音。进一步地，该装置还可以包括控制器，被配置为控制每个所述至少一个声学驱动器的相位和振幅，所述控制器通过控制信号使得所述至少一个声学驱动器从所述至少两个导声孔输出相位相反的声音。进一步地，该装置还可以包括支撑结构，适用于佩戴在用户身体上，所述支撑结构被配置为承载所述至少一个声学驱动器，使得所述至少两个导声孔分别位于用户耳廓的两侧。
在一些实施例中，至少一个声学驱动器包括一个振膜，所述支撑结构上位于所述振膜的前侧设有用于辐射声音的前室，所述支撑结构上位于所述振膜的后侧设有用于辐射声音的后室，所述前室与所述至少两个导声孔中的一个导声孔声学耦合，所述后室与所述至少两个导声孔中的另一个导声孔声学耦合。
在一些实施例中，振膜到所述至少两个导声孔的声程不同。
在一些实施例中，振膜至所述至少两个导声孔的声程比为0.5-2。
在一些实施例中，至少一个声学驱动器在所述至少两个导声孔处产生的声音具有不同的声压幅值。
在一些实施例中，至少一个声学驱动器包括第一声学驱动器和第二声学驱动器，所述控制器通过控制信号使得所述第一声学驱动器和第二声学驱动器从所述至少两个导声孔输出相位相反的声音。
在一些实施例中，第一声学驱动器和所述第二声学驱动器到所述至少两个导声孔的声程不同。
在一些实施例中，第一声学驱动器和所述第二声学驱动器至所述至少两个导声 孔的声程比为0.5-2。
在一些实施例中，第一声学驱动器在所述至少两个导声孔中的一个导声孔处产生的声音与所述第二声学驱动器在所述至少两个导声孔中的另一个导声孔处产生的声音具有不同的声压幅值。
在一些实施例中，至少两个导声孔之间的间距d在1cm和12cm之间。
在一些实施例中，至少两个导声孔包括两个分别位于用户耳廓前后两侧的两个导声孔，其中，位于耳廓前侧的导声孔距离用户耳朵的声学路径短于位于耳廓后侧的导声孔距离用户耳朵的声学路径。
附图说明
本申请将以示例性实施例的方式进一步说明，这些示例性实施例将通过附图进行详细描述。这些实施例并非限制性的，在这些实施例中，相同的编号表示相同的结构，其中：
图1是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的示例性的结构示意图；
图2是根据本申请一些实施例提供的另一种声学输出装置的示例性结构示意图；
图3是根据本申请一些实施例提供的又一种声学输出装置的示例性结构示意图；
图4是根据本申请一些实施例提供的两个双点声源与听音位置的示意图；
图5是根据本申请一些实施例提供的两个点声源与听音位置的示意图；
图6是根据本申请一些实施例提供的不同间距的双点声源在近场听音位置的频率响应特性曲线；
图7是根据本申请一些实施例提供的不同间距的双点声源在远场的漏音指数图；
图8是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源之间设置挡板的示例性分布示意图；
图9是根据本申请一些实施例提供的耳廓位于双点声源之间时近场的频率响应特性曲线；
图10是根据本申请一些实施例提供的耳廓位于双点声源之间时远场的频率响应特性曲线；
图11是根据本申请一些实施例提供的声学输出装置的双点声源分布在耳廓两侧时的频率响应漏音指数曲线；
图12是根据本申请一些实施例提供的漏音指数的测量示意图；
图13是根据本申请一些实施例提供的两个点声源之间在有挡板和无挡板的情况下的频率响应曲线图；
图14是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源间距d为1cm时的近场频率响应特性曲线；
图15是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源间距d为2cm时的近场频率响应特性曲线；
图16是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源间距d为4cm时的近场频率响应特性曲线；
图17是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源间距d为1cm时的远场的漏音指数曲线；
图18是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源间距d为2cm时的远场的漏音指数曲线；
图19是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源间距d为4cm时的远场的漏音指数曲线；
图20是根据本申请一些实施例提供的不同听音位置的示例性位置分布图；
图21是根据本申请一些实施例提供的无挡板的双点声源在近场不同听音位置的频率响应特性曲线图；
图22是根据本申请一些实施例提供的无挡板的双点声源不同听音位置的漏音指数图；
图23是根据本申请一些实施例提供的有挡板的双点声源在近场不同听音位置的频率响应特性曲线图；
图24是根据本申请一些实施例提供的有挡板的双点声源不同听音位置的漏音指数图；
图25是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源与挡板的示例性分布示意图；
图26是根据本申请一些实施例提供的挡板在不同位置时近场的频率响应特性曲线；
图27是根据本申请一些实施例提供的挡板在不同位置时远场的频率响应特性曲线；
图28是根据本申请一些实施例提供的挡板在不同位置时的漏音指数图；
图29是图25所示的结构中选取不同高度的挡板时双点声源的近场的频率响应特性曲线；
图30是图25所示的结构中选取不同高度的挡板时双点声源的远场的频率响应特性曲线；
图31是图25所示的结构中选取不同高度的挡板时双点声源的漏音指数图；
图32是图25的结构中挡板中心到双点声源连线的距离与挡板高度的比值取不同的值时双点声源的近场的频率响应特性曲线；
图33是图25的结构中挡板中心到双点声源连线的距离与挡板高度的比值取不同的值时双点声源的远场的频率响应特性曲线；
图34是图25的结构中挡板中心到双点声源连线的距离与挡板高度的比值取不同的值时的漏音指数图；
图35是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的示例性的结构示意图；
图36是根据本申请一些实施例所示的点声源与挡板的分布示意图；
图37是根据图36所示的多点声源之间设置和不设置挡板时近场和远场的频率响应特性曲线；
图38是根据图36所示的多个点声源之间设置和不设置挡板时的漏音指数图；
图39是根据图36(a)和(b)所示的两种多点声源分布方式对应的漏音指数图；
图40是根据本申请一些实施例所示的另一种声学输出装置的示例性结构示意图；
图41是根据本申请一些实施例提供的低频双点声源和高频双点声源共同作用下的漏音指数图；以及
图42是根据本申请一些实施例所示的具有导声孔的手机的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些示例或实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图将本申请应用于其它类似情景。除非从语言环境中显而易见或另做说明，图中相 同标号代表相同结构或操作。
应当理解，本文使用的“系统”、“装置”、“单元”和/或“模组”是用于区分不同级别的不同组件、元件、部件、部分或装配的一种方法。然而，如果其他词语可实现相同的目的，则可通过其他表达来替换所述词语。
如本申请和权利要求书中所示，除非上下文明确提示例外情形，“一”、“一个”、“一种”和/或“该”等词并非特指单数，也可包括复数。一般说来，术语“包括”与“包含”仅提示包括已明确标识的步骤和元素，而这些步骤和元素不构成一个排它性的罗列，方法或者设备也可能包含其它的步骤或元素。
本申请中使用了流程图用来说明根据本申请的实施例的系统所执行的操作。应当理解的是，前面或后面操作不一定按照顺序来精确地执行。相反，可以按照倒序或同时处理各个步骤。同时，也可以将其他操作添加到这些过程中，或从这些过程移除某一步或数步操作。
本说明书描述了包括至少一组声学驱动器的声学输出装置。在用户佩戴所述声学输出装置时，所述声学输出装置至少位于用户头部一侧，靠近但不堵塞用户耳朵。该声学输出装置可以佩戴在用户头部(例如，以眼镜、头带或其它结构方式佩戴的非入耳式的开放式耳机)，或者佩戴在用户身体的其他部位(例如用户的颈部/肩部区域)，或者通过其它方式(例如，用户手持的方式)放置在用户耳朵附近。该声学输出装置中至少一组声学驱动器产生的声音可以通过与其声耦合的两个导声孔向外传播。例如，所述两个导声孔可以分别向外传播幅值相同(或近似相同)、相位相反(或者近似相反)的声音。在一些实施例中，所述两个导声孔可以分布于用户耳廓的两侧，此时耳廓作为挡板，可以隔开所述两个导声孔，使得所述两个导声孔具有不同的到用户耳道的声学路径。在一些实施例中，所述声学输出装置上可以设有挡板结构，使得两个导声孔分别分布于挡板的两侧。一方面，将两个导声孔分布于耳廓或挡板的两侧可以增加两个导声孔分别向用户耳朵传递声音的声程差(即两个导声孔发出的声音到达用户耳道的路程差)，使得声音相消的效果变弱，进而增加用户耳朵听到的声音(也称为近场声音)的音量，从而为用户提供较佳的听觉体验。另一方面，耳廓或者挡板对导声孔向环境传播声音(也称为远场声音)的影响很小，当两个导声孔产生的远场声音相互抵消时，可以在一定程度上抑制声学输出装置的漏音，同时能够防止声学输出装置产生的声音被该用户附近的他人听见。
图1是根据本申请一些实施例所示的声学输出装置的示例性的结构示意图。如图1所示，声学输出装置100可以包括支撑结构110以及设置在支撑结构内的声学驱动器120和控制器(图1中未示出)。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100可以通过支撑结构110佩戴在用户身体上(例如，人体的头部、颈部或者上部躯干)，同时支撑结构110和声学驱动器120可以靠近但不堵塞耳道，使得用户耳朵保持开放的状态，在用户既能听到声学输出装置100输出的声音的同时，又能获取外部环境的声音。例如，声学输出装置100可以环绕设置或者部分环绕设置在用户耳朵的周侧，并可以通过气传导或骨传导的方式进行声音的传递。
支撑结构110可以用于佩戴在用户的身体上，并可以承载一个或多个声学驱动器120。在一些实施例中，支撑结构110可以是内部中空的封闭式壳体结构，且所述一个或多个声学驱动器120位于支撑结构110的内部。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100可以与眼镜、头戴式耳机、头戴式显示装置、AR/VR头盔等产品相结合，在这种情况下，支撑结构110可以采用悬挂或夹持的方式固定在用户的耳朵的附近。在一些可替代的实施例中，支撑结构110上可以设有挂钩，且挂钩的形状与耳廓的形状相匹配，从而声学输出装置100可以通过挂钩独立佩戴在用户的耳朵上。独立佩戴使用的声学输出 装置100可以通过有线或无线(例如，蓝牙)的方式与信号源(例如，电脑、手机或其他移动设备)通信连接。例如，左右耳处的声学输出装置100可以均通过无线的方式与信号源直接通信连接。又例如，左右耳处的声学输出装置100可以包括第一输出装置和第二输出装置，其中第一输出装置可以与信号源进行通信连接，第二输出装置可以通过无线方式与第一输出装置无线连接，第一输出装置和第二输出装置之间通过一个或多个同步信号实现音频播放的同步。无线连接的方式可以包括但不限于蓝牙、局域网、广域网、无线个域网、近场通讯等或其任意组合。
在一些实施例中，支撑结构110可以为具有人体耳朵适配形状的壳体结构，例如圆环形、椭圆形、多边形(规则或不规则)、U型、V型、半圆形，以便支撑结构110可以直接挂靠在用户的耳朵处。在一些实施例中，支撑结构110还可以包括一个或多个固定结构。所述固定结构可以包括耳挂、头梁或弹性带，使得声学输出装置100可以更好地固定在用户身上，防止用户在使用时发生掉落。仅作为示例性说明，例如，弹性带可以为头带，头带可以被配置为围绕头部区域佩戴。又例如，弹性带可以为颈带，被配置为围绕颈/肩区域佩戴。在一些实施例中，弹性带可以是连续的带状物，并可以被弹性地拉伸以佩戴在用户的头部，同时弹性带还可以对用户的头部施加压力，使得声学输出装置100牢固地固定在用户的头部的特定位置上。在一些实施例中，弹性带可以是不连续的带状物。例如，弹性带可以包括刚性部分和柔性部分，其中，刚性部分可以由刚性材料(例如，塑料或金属)制成，刚性部分可以与声学输出装置100的支撑结构110通过物理连接(例如，卡接、螺纹连接等)的方式进行固定。柔性部分可以由弹性材料制成(例如，布料、复合材料或/和氯丁橡胶)。
在一些实施例中，当用户佩戴声学输出装置100时，支撑结构110可以位于耳廓的上方或下方。支撑结构110上还可以开设有用于传递声音的导声孔111和导声孔112。在一些实施例中，导声孔111和导声孔112可以分别位于用户耳廓的两侧，且声学驱动器120可以通过导声孔111和导声孔112向外输出声音。
声学驱动器120是一个可以接收电信号，并将其转换为声音信号进行输出的元件。在一些实施例中，按频率进行区分，声学驱动器120的类型可以包括低频(例如，30Hz–150Hz)声学驱动器、中低频(例如，150Hz–500Hz)声学驱动器、中高频(例如，500Hz–5kHz)声学驱动器、高频(例如，5kHz–16kHz)声学驱动器或全频(例如，30Hz–16kHz)声学驱动器，或其任意组合。当然，这里所说的低频、高频等只表示频率的大致范围，在不同的应用场景中，可以具有不同的划分方式。例如，可以确定一个分频点，低频表示分频点以下的频率范围，高频表示分频点以上的频率。该分频点可以为人耳可听范围内的任意值，例如，500Hz，600Hz，700Hz，800Hz，1000Hz等。在一些实施例中，按原理进行区分，声学驱动器120还可以包括但不限于动圈式、动铁式、压电式、静电式、磁致伸缩式等驱动器。
在一些实施例中，声学驱动器120可以包括一个振膜。当振膜振动时，声音可以分别从该振膜的前侧和后侧发出。在一些实施例中，支撑结构110内振膜前侧的位置设有用于传递声音的前室113。前室113与导声孔111声学耦合，振膜前侧的声音可以通过前室113从导声孔111中发出。支撑结构110内振膜后侧的位置设有用于传递声音的后室114。后室114与导声孔112声学耦合，振膜后侧的声音可以通过后室114从导声孔112中发出。需要知道的是，当振膜在振动时，振膜前侧和后侧可以同时产生一组相位相反的声音。当声音分别通过前室113和后室114后，会从导声孔111和导声孔112的位置向外传播。在一些实施例中，可以通过设置前室113和后室114的结构，使得声学驱动器120在导声孔111和导声孔112处输出的声音满足特定的条件。例如，可以设计前室113和后室114的长度，使得导声孔111和导声孔112处可以输出一组具 有特定相位关系(例如，相位相反)的声音，使得声学输出装置100近场的听音音量较小和远场的漏音问题均得到有效改善。
在一些可替代的实施例中，声学驱动器120也可以包括多个振膜(例如，两个振膜)。所述多个振膜分别振动产生声音，并分别通过支撑结构内与之相连的不同的腔体或导声管从对应的导声孔处传出。所述多个振膜可以分别由相同或不同的控制器进行控制，并可以产生具有满足一定相位和幅值条件的声音(例如，振幅相同当相位相反的声音、振幅不同且相位相反的声音等)。
控制器可以用于控制声学驱动器的相位和振幅。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置中控制器的数量可以为一个或多个。例如，声学输出装置中包括多个声学驱动器时，控制器的数量可以为一个。一个控制器可以通过控制信号同时控制多个声学驱动器产生具有满足一定相位和幅值条件的声音。又例如，声学输出装置中可以包括相等数量的声学驱动器和控制器。每个控制器可以控制对应的声学驱动器产生具有满足一定相位和幅值条件的声音。
为了进一步说明声学输出装置的具体结构，本说明书中以声学输出装置中包含两个声学驱动器作为示例。如图2所示，声学输出装置200可以包括支撑结构210、第一声学驱动器221、第二声学驱动器222以及控制器(图2中未示出)。支撑结构110上还可以开设有用于导出声音的导声孔211和导声孔212。其中，第一声学驱动器221、第二声学驱动器222和控制器均设置于支撑结构210的内部。控制器可以通过一个控制信号控制第一声学驱动器221和第二声学驱动器222产生具有满足一定相位和幅值条件的声音(例如，振幅相同但相位相反的声音、振幅不同且相位相反的声音等)。在一些实施例中，导声孔211和导声孔212可以分别位于用户耳廓的两侧，且第一声学驱动器221可以通过导声孔211向外输出声音，第二声学驱动器221可以通过导声孔212向外输出声音。
在一些实施例中，支撑结构210内第一声学驱动器221与导声孔211之间设有用于传递声音的腔室213。第一声学驱动器211产生的声音可以通过腔室213从导声孔211中发出。支撑结构210内第二声学驱动器222与导声孔212之间设有用于传递声音的腔室214。第二声学驱动器222产生的声音可以通过腔室214从导声孔212中发出。在一些实施例中，控制器可以通过控制信号控制第一声学驱动器221和第二声学驱动器222同时产生一组相位相反的声音。例如，考虑到第一声学驱动器221和第二声学驱动器222具有相同的频率响应特性，则控制器可以通过控制信号调整输入到第一声学驱动器221和第二声学驱动器222的两路电信号，使得这两路电信号具有相反的相位。这样，在相位相反的电信号的驱动下，第一声学驱动器221和第二声学驱动器222可以产生相位相反的声音。当声音分别通过腔室213和腔室214后，会从导声孔211和导声孔212的位置向外传播。在一些实施例中，可以通过设置腔室213和腔室214的结构，使得第一声学驱动器221在导声孔211输出的声音和第二声学驱动器222在导声孔212处输出的声音满足特定的条件。例如，可以设计腔室213和腔室214的长度，使得导声孔211和导声孔212处可以输出相位相反的声音。在一些实施例中，控制器可以通过控制信号控制第一声学驱动器221和第二声学驱动器222同时产生一组振幅相同的声音。例如，考虑到声学驱动器221和声学驱动器具有相同的频率响应特性，则控制器可以通过控制信号调整输入到第一声学驱动器221和第二声学驱动器222的两路电信号，该两路电信号可以分别控制第一声学驱动器221和第二声学驱动器222的输出功率，使得这两路电信号具有相同的振幅。这样，在振幅相同的电信号的驱动下，第一声学驱动器221和第二声学驱动器222可以产生振幅相同的声音。需要注意的是，控制器不局限于上述通过控制信号控制第一声学驱动器221和第二声学驱动器222产生振幅相同、相位相反 的声音。例如，在一些实施例中，控制器还可以通过不同的控制信号使得第一声学驱动器221和第二声学驱动器222产生振幅相同、相位相同的声音。又例如，在一些实施例中，控制器还可以通过不同的控制信号使得第一声学驱动器221和第二声学驱动器222产生振幅不同、相位不同的声音。控制器还可以控制除第一声学驱动器221和第二声学驱动器222之外的声学驱动器的振幅和相位，可以根据具体的需求进行调整。
声学输出装置将两个导声孔分布于耳廓两侧可以增加用户耳朵听到的声音(也称为近场声音)的音量以及在一定程度上抑制声学输出装置的漏音。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置中还可以通过挡板将两个导声孔进行分隔，以达到增加近场声音和减少远场漏音的效果。图3是根据本申请一些实施例提供的声学输出装置的结构示意图。如图3所示，声学输出装置300可以包括支撑结构310、声学驱动器320、挡板330和控制器。其中，声学驱动器320和控制器可以位于支撑结构310的内部。在一些实施例中，支撑结构310上还可以开设有用于导出声音的导声孔311和导声孔312。导声孔311和导声孔312可以同时位于耳廓的前侧或后侧。声学输出装置300在空间中任一点的声音大小与该点到导声孔311和导声孔312的距离有关。仅作为示例，如图3所示，导声孔311和导声孔312处分别输出幅值相同、相位相反的声音(分别以符号“+”和“-”表示)。在这种情况下，当空间点到导声孔311和导声孔312的距离相等时，基于声音的干涉相消，该点处的音量会很小；而当空间点到导声孔311和导声孔312的距离不等时，距离差异越大，该点的音量也会越大。
挡板130可以用来调整导声孔311和导声孔312到用户耳朵(即听音位置)的距离。如图所示，导声孔311和导声孔312可以分别位于挡板330的两侧。挡板330的数量可以为一个或多个。例如，导声孔311和导声孔312之间可以设有一个或多个挡板330。又例如，声学输出装置300中还包括除了导声孔311和导声孔312之外的导声孔时，每两个导声孔之间可以分别设有一个或多个挡板330。在一些实施例中，挡板330可以与支撑结构310固定连接。例如，挡板330可以作为支撑结构310的一部分或者与支撑结构310一体成型。在其它的实施例中，挡板330还可以与声学输出装置300的其他部件(例如，声学输出装置300的外部壳体)进行连接。
在一些实施例中，声学驱动器320可以包括一个振膜。当振膜振动时，声音可以分别从该振膜的前侧和后侧发出。在一些实施例中，支撑结构310内振膜前侧的位置设有用于传递声音的前室313。前室313与导声孔311声学耦合，振膜前侧的声音可以通过前室313从导声孔311中发出。支撑结构310内振膜后侧的位置设有用于传递声音的后室314。后室314与导声孔312声学耦合，振膜后侧的声音可以通过后室114从导声孔112中发出。需要知道的是，当振膜在振动时，振膜前侧和后侧可以同时产生一组相位相反的声音。当声音分别通过前室313和后室314后，会从导声孔311和导声孔312的位置向外传播。关于声学输出装置300中的支撑结构310、声学驱动器320、控制器、前室313和后室314的具体内容与图1中对应结构的描述类似，在此不再赘述。
需要注意的是，以上描述仅为描述方便，并不用于限制本申请。可以理解，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在了解本申请的原理后，可以在不违背这一原理的情况下，对上述声学输出装置进行形式和细节上的各种修正和改变。例如，声学输出装置中声学驱动器的数量并不局限于图2中的两个，还可以为三个、四个、五个等，支撑结构可以根据声学驱动器的数量和分布进行适应性调整。又例如，声学驱动器与导声孔之间还可以通过导声管声学耦合。以上这些改变均在本申请的保护范围内。
为了进一步说明导声孔分布在耳廓或挡板两侧对声学输出装置的声音输出效果的影响，本申请中可以将该声学输出装置与耳廓等效成双声源-挡板的模型。
仅仅为了方便描述和说明的目的，当声学输出装置上的导声孔尺寸较小时，每 个导声孔可以近似视为一个点声源。单点声源产生的声场声压p满足公式(1)：
Figure PCTCN2019130942-appb-000001
其中，ω为角频率，ρ 0为空气密度，r为目标点与声源的距离，Q 0为声源体积速度，k为波数，点声源的声场声压的大小与到点声源的距离呈反比。
可以通过在声学输出装置中设置两个导声孔(例如，导声孔111和导声孔112)以构造双点声源来减小声音输出装置向周围环境辐射的声音(即远场漏音)。在一些实施例中，两个导声孔，即双点声源，输出的声音具有一定的相位差。当双点声源之间的位置、相位差等满足一定条件时，可以使得声学输出装置在近场和远场表现出不同的声音效果。例如，当两个导声孔对应的点声源的相位相反，即两个点声源之间的相位差的绝对值为180°时，根据声波反相相消的原理，可实现远场漏音的削减。
如图4所示，双点声源产生的声场声压p满足如下公式：
Figure PCTCN2019130942-appb-000002
其中，A 1、A 2分别为两个点声源的强度，φ 1、φ 2为点声源的相位，d为两个点声源之间的间距，r 1与r 2满足公式(3)：
Figure PCTCN2019130942-appb-000003
其中，r为空间中任一目标点与双点声源中心位置的距离，θ表示该目标点与双点声源中心的连线与双点声源所在直线的夹角。
通过公式(3)可知，声场中目标点的声压p的大小与各点声源强度、间距d、相位以及与声源的距离有关。
图5是根据本申请一些实施例提供的两个点声源与听音位置的示意图。图6是根据本申请一些实施例提供的不同间距的双点声源在近场听音位置的频率响应特性曲线。本实施例中以听音位置作为目标点，以进一步说明目标点处的声压与点声源间距d的关系。这里所说的听音位置可以用于表示用户耳朵的位置，即听音位置处的声音可以用于表示两个点声源产生的近场声音。需要知道的是，“近场声音”表示距离声源(例如，导声孔111等效成的点声源)一定范围之内的声音，例如，距离声源0.2m范围内的声音。仅仅作为示例性说明，如图5所示，点声源A 1和点声源A 2位于听音位置的同一侧，且点声源A 1更靠近听音位置，点声源A 1和点声源A 2分别输出幅值相同但相位相反的声音。如图6所示，随着点声源A 1和点声源A 2间距的逐渐增加(例如，由d增加到10d)，听音位置的音量逐渐增大。这是由于随着点声源A 1和点声源A 2的间距增大，到达听音位置的两路声音的幅值差(即声压差)变大，声程差更大，使得声音相消的效果变弱，进而使得听音位置的音量增加。但由于声音相消的情况仍存在，听音位置处的音量在中低频段(例如，频率小于1000Hz的声音)仍小于同位置同强度的单点声源产生的音量。但在高频段(例如，频率接近10000Hz的声音)，由于声音波长的变小，会出现满足声音相互增强的条件，使得双点声源产生的声音比单点声源的声音大。在本说明书的实施例中，声压幅值，即声压，可以是指声音通过空气的振动所产生的压强。
在一些实施例中，通过增加双点声源(例如，点声源A 1和点声源A 2)的间距可 以提高听音位置处的音量，但随着间距的增加，双点声源声音相消的能力变弱，进而导致远场漏音的增加。仅仅作为说明，图7是根据本申请一些实施例提供的不同间距的双点声源在远场的漏音指数图。如图7所示，以单点声源的远场漏音指数作为参照，随着双点声源的间距由d增加到10d，远场的漏音指数逐渐升高，说明漏音逐渐变大。关于漏音指数的具体内容可以参考本申请说明书公式(4)及其相关描述。
在一些实施例中，在声学输出装置中加入挡板结构，有利于提高声学输出装置的输出效果，即增大近场听音位置的声音强度，同时减小远场漏音的音量。仅仅作为说明，图8是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源之间设置挡板的示例性分布示意图。如图8所示，当点声源A 1和点声源A 2之间设有挡板时，在近场，点声源A 2的声场需要绕过挡板才能与点声源A 1的声波在听音位置处产生干涉，相当于增加了点声源A 2到听音位置的声程。因此，假设点声源A 1和点声源A 2具有相同的幅值，则相比于没有设置挡板的情况，点声源A 1和点声源A 2在听音位置的声波的幅值差增大，从而两路声音在听音位置进行相消的程度减少，使得听音位置的音量增大。在远场，由于点声源A 1和点声源A 2产生的声波在较大的空间范围内都不需要绕过挡板就可以发生干涉(类似于无挡板情形)，则相比于没有挡板的情况，远场的漏音不会明显增加。因此，在点声源A 1和点声源A 2之间设置挡板结构，可以在远场漏音音量不显著增加的情况下，显著提升近场听音位置的音量。
图9是根据本申请一些实施例提供的耳廓位于双点声源之间时近场的频率响应特性曲线，图10是根据本申请一些实施例提供的耳廓位于双点声源之间时远场的频率响应特性曲线。在本申请中，当双点声源分别位于耳廓的两侧时，耳廓具有挡板的效果，因此为方便起见，耳廓也可以被称作挡板。作为示例性说明，由于耳廓的存在，其结果可等效为近场声音由间距为D 1的双点声源产生(也称为模式1)，而远场声音由间距为D 2的双点声源产生(也称为模式2)，其中D 1>D 2。如图9所示，当频率较低时(例如，频率小于1000Hz时)，双点声源分布在耳廓两侧时的近场声音(即用户耳朵听到的声音)的音量与模式1的近场声音音量基本相同，均大于模式2的近场声音音量，且接近单点声源的近场声音音量。随着频率的增加(例如，频率在2000Hz-7000Hz时)，模式1和双点声源分布在耳廓两侧时的近场声音的音量大于单点声源。由此说明当用户的耳廓位于在双点声源之间时，可以有效地增强声源传递到用户耳朵的近场声音音量。如图10所示，随着频率的增加，远场漏音音量都会有所增加，但是当双点声源分布在耳廓两侧时，其产生的远场漏音音量与模式2的远场漏音音量基本相同，均小于模式1的远场漏音音量和单点声源的远场漏音音量。由此说明当用户的耳廓位于双点声源之间时，可以有效地降低声源传递到远场的声音，即可以有效减少声源向周围环境发出的漏音。
关于上述漏音指数的具体含义和相关内容可以参考以下描述。在开放双耳的声学输出装置的应用中，需保证传递到听音位置的声压P ear足够大以满足听音需求，同时需保证其向远场辐射的声音声压P far足够小以降低漏音。因此，可取漏音指数α作为评价降漏音能力的指标：
Figure PCTCN2019130942-appb-000004
通过公式(4)可知，漏音指数越小，声学输出装置的降漏音能力越强，在听音位置处近场听音音量相同的情况下，远场的漏音越小。如图11所示，在频率小于10000Hz时，双点声源分布在耳廓两侧时的漏音指数要小于模式1(双点声源之间无挡板结构，且间距为D 1)、模式2(双点声源之间无挡板结构，且间距为D 2)以及单点声源 情况下的漏音指数，由此说明在双点声源分别位于耳廓两侧时，声学输出装置具有更好地降漏音能力。
图12是根据本申请一些实施例提供的漏音指数的测量示意图。如图12所示，听音位置位于点声源A 1的左侧，漏音的测量方式为选取以双点声源(如图12所示的A 1和A 2)中心为圆心、半径为r的球面上各点声压幅值的平均值作为漏音的值。需要知道的是，本说明书中测量漏音的方法仅作原理和效果的示例性说明，并不作限制，漏音的测量和计算方式也可以根据实际情况进行合理调整，例如，取远场位置的一个点或一个以上的点作为测量漏音的位置。又例如，以双点声源中心为圆心，在远场处根据一定的空间角均匀地取两个或两个以上的点的声压幅值进行平均。在一些实施例中，听音的测量方式可以为选取点声源附近的一个位置点作为听音位置，以该听音位置测量得到的声压幅值作为听音的值。在一些实施例中，听音位置可以在两个点声源的连线上，也可以不在两个点声源的连线上。听音的测量和计算方式也可以根据实际情况进行合理调整，例如，取近场位置的其他点或一个以上的点的声压幅值进行平均。又例如，以某个点声源为圆心，在近场处根据一定的空间角均匀地取两个或两个以上的点的声压幅值进行平均。在一些实施例中，近场听音位置与点声源之间的距离远小于点声源与远场漏音测量球面的距离。
需要说明的是，本申请中将输出声音的导声孔作为点声源仅作为原理和效果的说明，并不限制实际应用中导声孔的形状和大小。在一些实施例中，当导声孔的面积较大时，还可以等效成以面声源的形式向外辐射声音。在一些实施例中，点声源亦可由其他结构实现，如振动面、声辐射面等。对于本领域中的技术人员，在不付出创造性活动的情况下，可以获知导声孔、振动面、声辐射面等结构产生的声音在本申请所论述的空间尺度下均可等效成点声源，有一致的声音传播特性及相同的数学描述方式。进一步地，对于本领域中的技术人员，在不付出创造性活动的情况下，可以获知本申请中所述的“声学驱动器从至少两个第一导声孔输出声音”实现的声学效果亦可由上述其他声学结构实现相同的效果，例如“至少两个声学驱动器分别从至少一个声辐射面输出声音”。还可以根据实际情况，选择其他声学结构进行合理调整与组合，亦可实现相同的声学输出效果，上述以面声源等结构向外辐射声音的原理与上述点声源类似，在此不再赘述。进一步地，声学输出装置上的导声孔(点声源或面声源)的数量不限于上述的两个，其数量可以为三个、四个、五个……等，由此形成多组双点/面声源，或者一组多点/面声源的形式，在此不做具体限定，其同样可以实现本申请中双点声源所能达到的技术效果。
为了进一步说明双点声源或两个导声孔之间有挡板和无挡板时对声学输出装置的声音输出效果的影响，现以不同条件下的听音位置的近场音量或/和远场漏音音量作具体说明。
图13是根据本申请一些实施例提供的两个点声源之间在有挡板和无挡板的情况下的频率响应曲线图。如图13所示，声学输出装置在两个点声源(即两个导声孔)之间增加挡板以后，在近场，相当于增大了两个点声源的间距，在近场听音位置的音量相当于由一组距离较大的双点声源产生，使得近场的听音音量相对于无挡板的情况明显增加。在远场，由于两个点声源产生的声波的干涉受挡板的影响很小，漏音相当于是由一组距离较小的双点声源产生，故漏音在有/无挡板的情况下并变化不明显。由此可知，通过在两个导声孔(双点声源)之间设置挡板，在有效提升声音输出装置降漏音能力的同时，还可以显著增加声音输出装置的近场音量。因而对声学输出装置中起到发声作用的组件要求大大降低，同时由于电路结构简单，能够减少声学输出装置的电损耗，故在电量一定的情况下，还能大大延长声学输出装置的使用时间。
图14是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源间距d为1cm时的近场频率响 应特性曲线，图15是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源间距d为2cm时的近场频率响应特性曲线，图16是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源间距d为4cm时的近场频率响应特性曲线，图17是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源间距d为1cm时的远场的漏音指数曲线，图18是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源间距d为2cm时的远场的漏音指数曲线，图19是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源间距d为4cm时的远场的漏音指数曲线。如图14至图16所示，对于不同的导声孔的间距d(例如，1cm、2cm、4cm)，在一定的频率下，在近场听音位置(例如，用户耳朵)，两个导声孔分别设置于耳廓两侧(即，图中所示“有挡板作用”的情况)时提供的音量都要比两个导声孔未设置于耳廓两侧(即，图中所示“无挡板作用”的情况)时提供的音量大。这里所说的一定频率可以是在10000Hz以下，或者优选地，在5000Hz以下，或者更优选地，在1000Hz以下。
如图17至19所示，对于不同的导声孔的间距d(例如，1cm、2cm、4cm)，在一定的频率下，在远场位置(例如，远离用户耳朵的环境位置)，两个导声孔分别设置于耳廓两侧时产生的漏音音量都要比两个导声孔未设置于耳廓两侧时产生的漏音音量小。需要知道的是，随着两个导声孔或者双点声源的间距增加，远场位置处声音相消干涉会减弱，导致远场的漏音逐渐增加，降漏音能力变弱。因此两个导声孔或者双点声源的间距d不能太大。在一些实施例中，为了保持声音输出装置在近场可以输出尽可能大的声音，同时抑制远场的漏音，两个导声孔之间的间距d可以设置为不大于20cm，优选地，两个导声孔之间的间距d可以设置为不大于12cm，优选地，两个导声孔之间的间距d可以设置为不大于10cm，优选地，两个导声孔之间的间距d可以设置为不大于8cm，更优选地，两个导声孔之间的间距d可以设置为不大于6cm，进一步优选地，两个导声孔之间的间距d可以设置为不大于3cm。
在一些实施例中，在保持双点声源间距一定的前提下，听音位置相对于双点声源的位置对于近场听音音量和远场降漏音具有一定影响。为了提高声学输出装置的输出效果，在一些实施例中，声学输出装置上可以设置至少两个导声孔，且该至少两个导声孔包括两个分别位于用户耳廓前后两侧的两个导声孔。在一些特定的实施例中，考虑到位于用户耳廓后侧的导声孔传出的声音需要绕开耳廓才能到达用户的耳道，位于耳廓前侧的导声孔距离用户耳道的声学路径(即，导声孔到用户耳道入口位置的声学距离)短于位于耳廓后侧的导声孔距离用户耳朵的声学路径。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置上可以包括两个导声孔，两个导声孔分别位于听音位置的两侧，挡板位于该听音位置的一侧，两个导声孔中与听音位置位于挡板同一侧的导声孔至听音位置的间距小于另一导声孔至听音位置的间距。为了进一步说明听音位置对声音输出效果的影响，作为示例性说明，在本说明书的实施例中，如图20所示，选取了四个有代表性的听音位置(听音位置1、听音位置2、听音位置3、听音位置4)，对听音位置选取的效果和原理做阐述。其中，听音位置1、听音位置2和听音位置3与点声源A 1的间距相等，为r 1，听音位置4与点声源A 1的间距为r 2，且r 2<r 1，点声源A 1和点声源A 2分别产生相位相反的声音。
图21是根据本申请一些实施例提供的无挡板的双点声源在近场不同听音位置的频率响应特性曲线图，图22是在图21的基础上，根据公式(4)求得的不同听音位置的漏音指数图。如图21和22所示，对于听音位置1，由于点声源A 1和点声源A 2在听音位置1的声程差较小，两个点声源在听音位置1产生的声音的幅值差较小，所以两个点声源的声音在听音位置1干涉以后导致听音音量相比于其他听音位置要更小。对于听音位置2，相比于听音位置1，该听音位置与点声源A 1的间距未变，即点声源A 1到听音位置2的声程没有发生变化，但是听音位置2与点声源A 2的间距变大，点声源A 2到达听音位置2的声程增大，点声源A 1和点声源A 2在该位置产生的声音的幅值差增 加，所以两个点声源的声音在听音位置2干涉后的听音音量大于听音位置1处的听音音量。由于在所有以r 1为半径的圆弧位置中，点声源A 1和点声源A 2到听音位置3的声程差最大，所以相比于听音位置1和听音位置2，听音位置3的听音音量最大。对于听音位置4，由于听音位置4与点声源A 1的间距较小，点声源A 1在该位置的声音幅值较大，所以该听音位置的听音音量较大。综上可知，近场听音位置的听音音量会随着听音位置与两个点声源的相对位置的变化而变化。当听音位置处于两个点声源的连线上且位于两个点声源同侧(例如，听音位置3)时，两个点声源在听音位置的声程差最大(声程差为两个点声源的间距d)，则在这种情况下(即，耳廓不作为挡板时)，此听音位置的听音音量比其他位置听音音量大。根据公式(4)，在远场漏音一定的情况下，该听音位置对应的漏音指数最小，降漏音能力最强。同时，减小听音位置与点声源A 1的间距r 1(例如，听音位置4)，可以进一步增加听音位置的音量，同时减小漏音指数，提高降漏音能力。
图23是根据本申请一些实施例提供的有挡板的双点声源(如图20所示的情况)在近场不同听音位置的频率响应特性曲线图，图24在图23的基础上，根据公式(4)求得的不同听音位置的漏音指数图。如图22和23所示，相对于无挡板的情况，有挡板时双点声源在听音位置1产生的听音音量显著增加，且听音位置1的听音音量超过了听音位置2和听音位置3处的听音音量。这是由于在两个点声源之间加入挡板以后，点声源A 2到达听音位置1的声程增加，导致两个点声源到达听音位置1的声程差显著增大，两个点声源在听音位置1上产生的声音的幅值差增大，不易产生声音的干涉相消，从而导致在听音位置1产生的听音音量显著增加。在听音位置4，由于听音位置与点声源A 1的间距进一步减小，点声源A 1在该位置的声音幅值较大，所以听音位置4的听音音量在所取的4个听音位置中仍然是最大的。对于听音位置2和听音位置3，挡板对于点声源A 2的声场到达此两处听音位置的声程增加效果并不是很明显，所以在听音位置2和听音位置3处的音量增加效果要小于距离挡板较近的听音位置1和听音位置4的音量增加效果。
由于远场的漏音音量不随听音位置的改变而发生变化，而近场听音位置的听音音量随听音位置的改变而发生变化，故在不同的听音位置，根据公式(4)，声学输出装置的漏音指数不同。其中，听音音量较大的听音位置(例如，听音位置1和听音位置4)，漏音指数小，降漏音能力强；听音音量较小的听音位置(例如，听音位置2和听音位置3)，漏音指数较大，降漏音能力较弱。
因此，根据声学输出装置的实际应用场景，可以将用户的耳廓作为挡板，将声学输出装置上两个导声孔分别设置在耳廓的前后两侧，耳道作为听音位置位于两个导声孔之间。在一些实施例中，通过设计两个导声孔在声学输出装置上的位置，使得耳廓前侧的导声孔到耳道的距离比耳廓后侧的导声孔到耳道的距离小，此时由于耳廓前侧的导声孔距离耳道的距离较近，耳廓前侧导声孔在耳道处产生的声音幅值较大，而耳廓后侧导声孔在耳道处产生的声音幅值较小，避免了两个导声孔处的声音在耳道处的干涉相消，从而确保耳道处的听音音量较大。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置上可以包括一个或多个在佩戴时与耳廓接触的接触点(例如，支撑结构上用于匹配耳朵形状的“拐点”)。所述接触点可以位于两个导声孔的连线上或者位于两个导声孔连线的一侧。且前侧的导声孔到接触点的距离与后侧的导声孔到接触点的距离之比可以在0.05-1之间，优选地，在0.1-1之间，更优选地，在0.2-1之间，进一步优选地，在0.4-1之间。
在一些实施例中，通过设计挡板在声学输出装置上的位置，使得与听音位置(例如，用户的耳孔)处于挡板同一侧的导声孔至听音位置的间距小于挡板另一侧的导声孔与听音位置的间距，此时由于与听音位置处于挡板同一侧的导声孔距离听音位置的距离 较近，与听音位置处于挡板同一侧的导声孔在听音位置处产生的声音幅值较大，而挡板另一侧的导声孔在听音位置处产生的声音幅值较小，减小了两个导声孔的声音在听音位置处的干涉相消，从而确保听音位置处的听音音量较大。
在一些实施例中，当两个导声孔中其中一个导声孔距离挡板的距离远小于另一个导声孔距离挡板的距离时，所述声学输出装置在近场听音位置处也会具有较大的音量。优选地，两个导声孔中一个导声孔到挡板的距离与另一个导声孔到挡板的距离之比不大于2/3。优选地，两个导声孔中一个导声孔到挡板的距离与另一个导声孔到挡板的距离之比不大于1/2。优选地，两个导声孔中一个导声孔到挡板的距离与另一个导声孔到挡板的距离之比不大于1/3。优选地，两个导声孔中一个导声孔到挡板的距离与另一个导声孔到挡板的距离之比不大于1/4。优选地，两个导声孔中一个导声孔到挡板的距离与另一个导声孔到挡板的距离之比不大于1/6。优选地，两个导声孔中一个导声孔到挡板的距离与另一个导声孔到挡板的距离之比不大于1/10。
在一些实施例中，声学输出装置的两个导声孔还可以同时位于听音位置的同一侧。仅仅作为示例性说明，声学输出装置的两个导声孔可以同时位于听音位置(例如，用户的耳孔)的下方。又例如，声学输出装置的两个导声孔可以同时位于听音位置的前方。需要注意的是，声学输出装置的两个导声孔并不局限于位于听音位置的下方和前方，两个导声孔还可以位于听音位置的上方。在其他的实施例中，声学输出装置的两个导声孔也不局限于竖直设置和水平设置，声学输出装置的两个导声孔还可以倾斜设置。除此之外，听音位置可以位于两个导声孔的连线上，也可以不位于两个导声孔的连线上。例如，听音位置可以位于两个导声孔连线的上侧、下侧、左侧或右侧。
当声学输出装置的两个导声孔同时位于听音位置的一侧且两个导声孔之间的间距一定时，靠近听音位置的导声孔距离听音位置的距离较近时，其产生的声音幅值较大，而挡板另一侧的导声孔在听音位置处产生的声音幅值较小，两者之间干涉相消较少，从而确保听音位置处的听音音量较大。在一些实施例中，靠近听音位置的导声孔至听音位置的距离与两个导声孔间距比值可以不大于3。优选地，靠近听音位置的导声孔至听音位置的距离与两个导声孔间距比值可以不大于1。更优选地，靠近听音位置的导声孔至听音位置的距离与两个导声孔间距比值可以不大于0.9。更优选地，靠近听音位置的导声孔至听音位置的距离与两个导声孔间距比值可以不大于0.6。更优选地，靠近听音位置的导声孔至听音位置的距离与两个导声孔间距比值可以不大于0.3。
图25是根据本申请一些实施例提供的双点声源与挡板的示例性分布示意图。在一些实施例中，挡板在两个导声孔间的位置也对声音的输出效果具有一定影响。仅仅作为示例性说明，如图25所示，在点声源A 1和点声源A 2之间设置挡板，听音位置(例如，用户的耳孔)位于点声源A 1和点声源A 2的连线上，且听音位置位于点声源A 1与挡板之间，点声源A 1与挡板的间距为L，点声源A 1与点声源A 2之间的间距为d，点声源A1与听音的间距为L 1，听音位置与挡板之间的间距为L 2，挡板在垂直于双点声源连线方向上的高度为h，挡板的中心到两个点声源连线的距离为H。当听音位置与点声源A 1的间距L 1不变时，移动挡板的位置，使得点声源A 1与挡板的间距L和双点声源间距d具有不同的比例关系，可以获得在该不同比例关系下听音位置的听音音量和远场漏音音量。
图26是根据本申请一些实施例提供的挡板在不同位置时近场的频率响应特性曲线，图27是根据本申请一些实施例提供的挡板在不同位置时远场的频率响应特性曲线，图28是根据本申请一些实施例提供的挡板在不同位置时的漏音指数图。结合图25至图28，远场的漏音随挡板在双点声源间的位置变化很小。在点声源A 1和点声源A 2的间距d保持不变时，当L减小时，听音位置的音量增加，漏音指数减小，降漏音能力增 强；当L增大时，听音位置的音量增加，漏音指数变大，降漏音能力减弱。产生以上结果的原因是当L较小时，听音位置距离挡板较近，挡板增加了点声源A 2的声波传播到听音位置的声程，从而增大了点声源A 1和点声源A 2到达听音位置的声程差，减少了声音的干涉相消，所以加挡板以后听音位置的音量增加更大。当L较大时，听音位置距离挡板较远，挡板对点声源A 1和点声源A 2到达听音位置的声程差的影响较小，所以加挡板以后听音位置的音量变化较小。
由以上可知，通过设计声学输出装置上导声孔的位置，使得在用户佩戴声学输出装置时，使用挡板(或人体耳廓)来隔开不同的导声孔，在简化声学输出装置的结构的同时，可以进一步提到声学输出装置的输出效果。
在一些实施例中，可以设计两个导声孔的位置，使得当用户佩戴声学输出装置时，耳廓前侧的导声孔到耳廓(或者声学输出装置上用于与耳廓接触的接触点)的距离与两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于0.5。优选地，位于耳廓前侧的导声孔到耳廓(或者声学输出装置上用于与耳廓接触的接触点)的距离与两个导声孔间距的比值不大于0.3。更优选地，位于耳廓前侧的导声孔到耳廓(或者声学输出装置上用于与耳廓接触的接触点)的距离与两个导声孔间距的比值不大于0.1。
在一些实施例中，可以设计两个导声孔的位置，使得当用户佩戴声学输出装置时，靠近听音位置(例如，人体耳道入口位置)的导声孔到挡板的距离与两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于0.5。优选地，靠近听音位置的导声孔到挡板的距离与两个导声孔间距的比值不大于0.3。
需要知道的是，声学输出装置中声学驱动器到导声孔的声程对近场音量和远场漏音具有一定影响。该声程可以通过调整声学输出装置内振膜和导声孔之间的腔体长度来改变。在一些实施例中，声学驱动器包括一个振膜，且振膜的前后侧分别通过前室和后室耦合到两个导声孔。所述振膜到两个导声孔之间的声程不同。优选地，所述振膜到两个导声孔的声程比为0.5-2。更优选地，所述振膜到两个导声孔的声程比为0.6-1.5。进一步优选地，所述振膜到两个导声孔的声程比为0.8-1.2。在其它的实施例中，声学输出装置中包括多个声学驱动器时，可以通过改变各声学驱动器的输出端至导声孔的腔体长度来调整个声学驱动器至到导声孔的声程。仅作为示例，声学输出装置可以包括第一声学驱动器和第二声学驱动器，两个导声孔可以包括第一导声孔和第二导声孔，第一声学驱动器和第二声学驱动器分别通过第一腔室和第二腔室耦合到两个导声孔。第一声学驱动器的输出端至第一导声孔的声程与第二声学驱动器的输出端至第二导声孔的声程不同。第一声学驱动器的输出端到第一导声孔与第二声学驱动器的输出端至第二导声孔的声程比为0.5-2。更优选地，第一声学驱动器的输出端到第一导声孔与第二声学驱动器的输出端至第二导声孔的声程比为0.6-1.5。进一步优选地，第一声学驱动器的输出端到第一导声孔与第二声学驱动器的输出端至第二导声孔的声程比为0.8-1.2。
在一些实施例中，可以在保持两个导声孔处产生的声音的相位相反的前提下，改变两个导声孔处产生的声音的幅值来提高声学输出装置的输出效果。具体地，可以通过调节两个导声孔与声学驱动器之间声学路径的阻抗来达到调节导声孔处声音幅值的目的。在本说明书的实施例中，阻抗可以是指声波传导时介质位移需要克服的阻力。所述声学路径中可以填充或者不填充阻尼材料(例如，调音网、调音棉等)来实现声音的调幅。例如，在一些实施例中，声学路径中可以设置谐振腔、声孔、声狭缝、调音网或调音棉来调整声阻，以改变声学路径的阻抗。再例如，在一些实施例中，还可以通过调节两个导声孔的孔径以改变声学路径的声阻。优选地，声学驱动器(的振膜)至两个导声孔的声阻抗之比为0.5-2。更优选地，声学驱动器(的振膜)至两个导声孔的声阻抗之比为0.8-1.2。
在一些实施例中，挡板的大小也会影响双点声源的声音输出效果。
图29是图25所示的结构中选取不同高度的挡板时双点声源的近场的频率响应特性曲线。如图29所示，在近场的听音位置，双点声源之间设有不同高度的挡板(即，图中所示“h/d”的情况)时提供的音量都要比两个导声孔之间未设置挡板(即，图中所示“无挡板”的情况)时提供的音量大。进一步地，随着挡板高度的增加，即挡板高度与双点声源间距的比值的增大，双点声源在听音位置的提供的音量也逐渐增大。由此可以说明，适当增加挡板的高度可以有效地提高听音位置的音量。
图30是图25所示的结构中选取不同高度的挡板时双点声源的远场的频率响应特性曲线。如图30所示，在远场位置(例如，远离用户耳朵的环境位置)，当挡板高度与双点声源间距的比值h/d在一定范围内变化时(例如，如图所示，h/d等于0.2、0.6、1.0、1.4、1.8)，该双点声源产生的漏音音量与未设置挡板的双点声源产生的漏音音量相差不大。而随着挡板高度与双点声源间距的比值h/d增大到一定的量(例如，h/d＝5.0)时，该双点声源在远场位置的漏音音量高于未设置挡板的双点声源产生的漏音音量。因此，为了避免在远场产生较大的漏音，双点声源之间的挡板尺寸不宜过大。
图31是图25所示的结构中选取不同高度的挡板时双点声源的漏音指数图。如图31所示，双点声源之间设有不同高度的挡板时的漏音指数都要比双点声源之间未设置挡板时的漏音指数小。因此，在一些实施例中，为了保持声音输出装置在近场可以输出尽可能大的声音，同时抑制远场的漏音，可以在两个导声孔之间设置挡板且挡板高度与两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于5。优选地，挡板高度与两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于3。优选地，挡板高度与两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于2。优选地，挡板高度与两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于1.8。优选地，挡板高度与两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于1.5。
在一些实施例中，当声学输出装置利用人体的耳廓作为挡板时，耳廓的高度与两个导声孔的间距的比值不大于5。优选地，耳廓的高度与两个导声孔的间距的比值不大于4。优选地，耳廓的高度与两个导声孔的间距与两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于3。优选地，耳廓的高度与两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于2。优选地，耳廓的高度与两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于1.8。优选地，耳廓的高度与两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于1.5。在本说明书的实施例中，耳廓的高度可以是指沿着垂直于矢状面的方向的耳廓的长度。
当听音位置固定，且双点声源位置固定的情况下，挡板的中心到双点声源连线的距离也会影响声学输出装置的近场音量和远场漏音音量。回到图25，挡板的高度为h，挡板的中心到两个点声源连线的距离为H。当双点声源间距d不变时，改变挡板中心到两个点声源连线的距离H，使得挡板中心到两个点声源连线的距离H和挡板的高度h具有不同的比例关系，可以获得在该不同比例关系下听音位置的听音音量和远场漏音音量。在一些实施例中，挡板的中心可以是指挡板高度(即，挡板在垂直于双点声源连线的方向上的长度)方向的中点。需要注意的是，挡板不限于图25中所示的与两点声源连线相交，挡板还可以整体位于双点声源连线的上方或下方。
图32是图25的结构中挡板中心到双点声源连线的距离与挡板高度的比值取不同的值时双点声源的近场的频率响应特性曲线。如图32所示，在近场的听音位置，双点声源之间设有位置不同的挡板(即，图中所示“H/h”的情况)时提供的音量都要比双点声源之间未设置挡板(即，图中所示“无挡板”的情况)时提供的音量大。进一步地，随着挡板中心与双点声源连线距离的逐渐增大，在近场听音位置的音量也逐渐减小。这是因为挡板中心远离双点声源连线时，挡板对双点声源到听音位置的声音的阻隔作用减弱，使得双点声源的声音在听音位置处干涉相消的程度变大，导致听音位置的音量下 降。图33是图25的结构中挡板中心到双点声源连线的距离与挡板高度的比值取不同的值时双点声源的远场的频率响应特性曲线。在远场位置，双点声源之间设有位置不同的挡板时产生的漏音音量与双点声源之间未设置挡板时产生的漏音音量相差不大。图34是图25的结构中挡板中心到双点声源连线的距离与挡板高度的比值取不同的值时的漏音指数图。如图34所示，双点声源之间设有位置不同的挡板(即，图中所示不同“H/h”的情况)时的漏音指数都要比双点声源之间未设置挡板(即，图中所示“无挡板”的情况)时漏音指数小，表明双点声源之间设置位置不同的挡板时的降漏音能力较强。进一步地，随着挡板中心逐渐靠近，即随着挡板中心与双点声源连线距离的逐渐减小，漏音指数逐渐减小，降漏音能力不断增强。在一些实施例中，为了保持声音输出装置在近场可以输出尽可能大的声音，同时抑制远场的漏音，挡板的中心至两个导声孔连线的距离与挡板高度的比值可以不大于2。优选地，挡板的中心至两个导声孔连线的距离与挡板高度的比值可以不大于1.5。优选地，挡板的中心至两个导声孔连线的距离与挡板高度的比值可以不大于1。更优选地，挡板的中心至两个导声孔连线的距离与挡板高度的比值可以不大于0.5。更优选地，挡板的中心至两个导声孔连线的距离与挡板高度的比值可以不大于0.3。
在一些实施例中，声学输出装置的支撑结构本身可以起到挡板的作用。例如，两个导声孔中的一个导声孔可以开设在支撑结构面朝用户耳朵的一侧，进一步的，该导声孔的开口方向可以朝向靠近用户耳朵的方向，而另一个导声孔可以开设在支撑结构背朝用户耳朵的一侧，进一步的，该导声孔的开口方向可以朝向远离用户耳朵的方向。在这种情况下，支撑结构的结构中心(指支撑结构的形心或质心)到两个导声孔连线的距离会影响声学输出装置的近场音量和远场漏音音量。这里所说的支撑结构的结构中心可以是指支撑结构在垂直于两个导声孔连线方向上的中心。为描述方便，如图35所示，声学输出装置的两个导声孔分别位于支撑结构的两端(“+”可以表示背朝耳朵的开孔发出的声音，“-”可以表示面朝耳朵的开孔发出的声音)。其中，支撑结构的结构中心与两个导声孔连线的间距为H，支撑结构的结构高度为h。支撑结构的结构中心至两个导声孔连线的距离与挡板高度的比值可以不大于2。优选地，支撑结构的结构中心至两个导声孔连线的距离与挡板高度的比值可以不大于1.5。更优选地，支撑结构的结构中心至两个导声孔连线的距离与挡板高度的比值可以不大于1。优选地，支撑结构的结构中心至两个导声孔连线的距离与挡板高度的比值可以不大于0.5。优选地，支撑结构的结构中心至两个导声孔连线的距离与挡板高度的比值可以不大于0.3。
需要注意的是，以上描述仅为描述方便，并不用于限制本申请。可以理解，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在了解本申请的原理后，可以在不违背这一原理的情况下，对上述声学输出装置进行形式和细节上的各种修正和改变。在一些实施例中，图35中的声学输出装置两个导声孔不局限于图中所示的沿竖直方式设置，还可以为其它设置方式。例如，在一些实施例中，两个导声孔还可以沿水平方式设置(例如，一个导声孔位于面朝耳朵的正面，另一个导声孔位于面朝耳朵的背面)或倾斜设置。在一些实施例中，两个导声孔也不局限于图35中分别位于听音位置两侧的情况，还可以同时位于听音位置的同一侧。例如，两个导声孔可以同时位于听音位置的上方、下方或前方。以上这些改变均在本申请的保护范围内。
声学输出装置的导声孔超过两个时，即声学输出装置中具有两个以上的点声源时，多个点声源两两之间都可以设有挡板。通过多个点声源和多个挡板的配合，声学输出装置可以达到更好的输出效果。在一些实施例中，多个点声源之间可以包括至少一组相位相反的点声源。为了对声学输出装置中多个点声源和多个挡板配合作进一步说明，下面将结合图36进行详细描述。
图36是根据本申请一些实施例所示的点声源与挡板的分布示意图。如图(a)和(b)所示，声学输出装置具有4个点声源(分别对应声学输出装置上的4个导声孔)。点声源A 1与点声源A 2相位相同，点声源A 3与点声源A 4相位相同，点声源A 1与点声源A 3相位相反。点声源A 1、点声源A 2、点声源A 3和点声源A 4之间可以通过两个交叉设置的挡板或多个拼接而成的挡板进行分隔。点声源A 1与点声源A 3(或点声源A 4)，点声源A 2与点声源A 3(或点声源A 4)可以分别形成如本申请中其它地方描述的双点声源。如图(a)所示，点声源A 1和点声源A 3相对设置，和点声源A 2、点声源A 4相邻设置。如图(b)所示，点声源A 1和点声源A 2相对设置，和点声源A 3、点声源A 4相邻设置。如图(c)所示，声学输出装置具有3个点声源(分别对应声学输出装置上的3个导声孔)。点声源A 1和点声源A 2、点声源A 3相位相反，可以形成两组如本申请中其它地方描述的的双点声源。点声源A 1、点声源A 2和点声源A 3可以通过两个相交的挡板进行分隔。如图(d)所示，声学输出装置具有3个点声源(分别对应声学输出装置上的3个导声孔)。点声源A 1和点声源A 2相位相同，和点声源A 3相位相反。其中，点声源A 1和点声源A 3，点声源A 2和点声源A 3可以分别形成如本申请中其它地方描述的双点声源。点声源A 1、点声源A 2和点声源A 3可以通过一个呈V型的挡板进行分隔。
图37是根据图36所示的多点声源之间设置和不设置挡板时近场和远场的频率响应特性曲线。如图35所示，在近场，多点声源(例如，点声源A 1、点声源A 2、点声源A 3和点声源A 4)之间设置挡板时的听音音量明显大于多点声源之间不设置挡板时的听音音量，可以说明多点声源之间设置挡板时可以增加近场的听音音量。在远场，多点声源之间设置挡板时的漏音音量和多点声源之间不设置挡板时的漏音音量相差不大。图38是根据图36所示的多个点声源之间设置和不设置挡板时的漏音指数图。如图38所示，从整体上看，多点声源之间设置挡板时的漏音指数相对于多点声源之间设置无挡板时的漏音指数明显减小，可以说明多点声源之间设置挡板时的降漏音能力明显增强。图39是根据图36(a)和(b)所示的两种多点声源分布方式对应的漏音指数图。如图39所示，在特定的频率范围内，四个点声源中，挡板周侧相对设置相位相同的两个点声源(例如，图36(b)中的点声源A 1和点声源A 2，点声源A 3和点声源A 4)时的漏音指数(图37中所示的“(b)”明显小于挡板周侧相对设置相位相反的两个点声源(例如，图36(a)中的点声源A 1和点声源A 3，点声源A 2和点声源A 4)时的漏音指数(图39中所示的“(a)”)，这里可以说明挡板周侧相对设置相位相同的两个点声源或邻向设置相位相反的点声源的降漏音能力更强。
根据以上所描述的内容，在一些实施例中，当声学输出装置上具有多个导声孔时，为了保持声音输出装置在近场可以输出尽可能大的声音，同时抑制远场的漏音，多个导声孔的两两之间都可以设有挡板，即各导声孔之间均通过挡板进行分隔。优选地，多个导声孔之间分别输出相位相同(或近似相同)或者相位相反(或近似相反)的声音。更优选地，输出相位相同声音的导声孔可以相对设置，输出相位相反声音的导声孔可以邻向设置。
需要注意的是，以上描述仅为描述方便，并不用于限制本申请。可以理解，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在了解本申请的原理后，可以在不违背这一原理的情况下，对上述声学输出装置进行形式和细节上的各种修正和改变。例如，点声源的数量不局限于上述的三个或四个，还可以为五个、六个、七个或者更多，点声源具体的分布形式和挡板的结构、形状可以根据不同数量的点声源进行调整。又例如，挡板的形状不限于图中所示的直板，挡板还可以为具有一定弧度的曲面板。以上这些改变均在本申请的保护范围内。
图40是根据本申请一些实施例所示的另一种声学输出装置的示例性结构示意 图。
对于人耳听音来说，听音的频段主要集中于中低频段，在该频段主要以增加听音音量为优化目标。若听音位置固定，通过一定手段调节双点声源的参数，可以实现听音音量有显著增加而漏音音量基本不变的效果(听音音量的增量大于漏音音量的增量)。在高频段，双点声源的降漏音效果变弱，在该频段主要以减小漏音为优化目标。通过一定手段调节不同频率的双点声源的参数，可以实现漏音的进一步减小以及降漏音频段的扩大。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置100还可以包括声学驱动器130。声学驱动器130从两个第三导声孔输出声音。关于声学驱动器130与第三导声孔以及二者之间的结构，可以参考声学驱动器120以及导声孔111和导声孔112的具体描述。在一些实施例中，声学驱动器130与声学驱动器120可以分别输出不同频率的声音。在一些实施例中，控制器用于使声学驱动器120输出在第一频率范围内的声音，并且使声学驱动器130输出在第二频率范围内的声音，其中，第二频率范围中包括高于第一频率范围的频率。例如，第一频率的范围为100Hz-1000Hz，第二频率的范围为1000Hz-10000Hz。在一些实施例中，第一频率范围和第二频率范围之间存在交叠的频率范围。交叠频率范围内的声音，可以看成是由上述第一导声孔、第二导声孔和两个第三导声孔共同向外输出的。
在一些实施例中，声学驱动器120为低频扬声器，声学驱动器130为中高频扬声器。由于低频扬声器和中高频扬声器自身频率响应特性的不同，其输出的声音频段也会有所不同，通过使用低频扬声器和中高频扬声器可以实现对高低频段的声音进行分频，进而可以通过分别构建低频双点声源和中高频双点声源来进行近场声音的输出和远场降漏音。例如，声学驱动器120可以通过导声孔111和导声孔112提供输出低频声音的双点声源，主要用于输出低频频段的声音。低频双点声源可以分布于耳廓的两侧，用来增加近场耳朵附近的音量。声学驱动器130可以通过两个第三导声孔提供输出中高频频段的双点声源，并通过控制两个第三导声孔的间距，可以降低中高频的漏音。中高频双点声源可以分布于耳廓的两侧，也可以分布在耳廓的同一侧。可替代地，声学驱动器120可以通过导声孔111和导声孔112提供输出全频声音的双点声源，用来进一步增加近场声音的音量。
进一步地，两个第三导声孔的间距d 2小于导声孔111和导声孔112的间距d 1，即d 1大于d 2。图41是根据本申请一些实施例提供的低频双点声源和高频双点声源共同作用下的漏音指数图。如图41所示，通过设置两组间距不同的低频双点声源和高频双点声源可以获得较单点声源更强的降漏音能力。在低频段，调整低频双点声源间距(例如，扩大间距)后听音增量大于漏音音量增量，可实现声学输出装置在低频段有较高的音量输出。同时由于在低频段，低频段双点声源的漏音原本就很少，在调节低频段双点声源间距(扩大间距)后，稍有上升的漏音仍可保持较低水平(α值甚至可进一步减小)。在高频段，通过调整声源间距(减小间距)，克服了高频降漏音截止频率过低，降漏音频段过窄的问题。其在更高的频段有更强的降漏音能力的效果，满足开放双耳声学输出装置的需求。
需要说明的是，如图41所示的总降漏音曲线为理想的情况，仅为说明原理效果。总降漏音曲线还受实际电路滤波特性、换能器频率特性、声通道频率特性等因素的影响，实际输出的低频、高频声音会与上图所差别。同时，低频、高频声音会在分频点附近频带产生一定的重叠(混叠)，导致总降漏音不会如上图所示的在分频点处有突变，而是在分频点附近频段有渐变和过渡，如图41中细实线所示意的。
在一些实施例中，两个第三导声孔可以输出具有相位差的声音。优选地，两个第三导声孔输出相位差相反的声音。关于声学驱动器130从第三导声孔输出具有相位差的声音的描述可以参考声学驱动器120从导声孔输出声音的具体描述。
需要知道的是，本申请的描述并不限制声学输出装置的实际使用场景。所述声学输出装置可以是任意需要向用户输出声音的装置或其中的一部分。例如，所述声学输出装置可以应用在手机中。图42是根据本申请一些实施例所示的具有导声孔的手机的示意图。如图所示，手机4200的顶部4220(即，“垂直”于手机显示屏的上端面)开设有多个如本申请其它地方所描述的导声孔。仅作为示例，导声孔4201可以构成一组用于输出声音的双点声源(或点声源阵列)。导声孔4201中的第一个导声孔可以靠近顶部4220的左端，第二个导声孔可以靠近顶部4220的右端，两个导声孔之间相隔一定的距离。手机4200的壳体内部设有声学驱动器4230。声学驱动器4230产生的声音可以通过导声孔4201向外传播。
在一些实施例中，两个导声孔4201可以发出一组相位相同(或近似相同)、幅值相同(或近似相同)的声音。当用户将手机放置在耳朵附近来接听语音信息时，导声孔4201可以分别位于用户耳朵的两侧，根据本申请中其它实施例所描述的，相当于增加了两个导声孔到用户耳朵的声程差，使得导声孔4201可以向用户发出较强的近场声音。同时，用户耳朵对导声孔4201在远场辐射的声音的影响很小，从而由于声音的干涉相消，导声孔4201可以减小向周围环境的漏音。进一步地，通过将导声孔开设在手机的顶部，而非手机正面显示屏的上端，可以省去在手机正面设置导声孔所需的空间，从而可以进一步增大手机正面显示屏的面积，也可以使得手机外观更加简洁和美观。
需要知道的是，以上对手机上设置导声孔的描述仅仅是出于说明的目的，在不违背原理的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以对上述结构做出调整，并且调整后的结构仍然在本申请的保护范围内。例如，导声孔3201中的全部或一部分还可以设置在手机4200的其它位置，且这些设置仍然可以保证用户在接收语音信息时听到较大的音量，同时也避免语音信息向周围环境的泄露。例如，第一个导声孔可以设置在顶部4220(较为靠近用户耳朵)，第二个导声孔可以设置在手机4200的背面或侧面(较为远离用户耳朵)。当用户将第一个导声孔放置在耳朵附近来接听语音信息时，手机4200的壳体相当于“阻隔”在第二个导声孔和用户耳朵之间的“挡板”，增加了第二个导声孔到用户耳朵的声学路径，因而可以提高用户耳朵听到的音量。再例如，手机4200的壳体内部还可以设有输出不同频率范围声音的声学驱动器。这些声学驱动器对应的导声孔按照上述描述的方式设有挡板或不设挡板。
需要注意的是，以上描述仅为描述方便，并不用于限制本申请。可以理解，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在了解本申请的原理后，可以在不违背这一原理的情况下，对上述声学输出装置进行形式和细节上的各种修正和改变。在一些实施例中，声学输出装置的导声孔不局限于声学驱动器120对应的两个导声孔111和导声孔112分布于耳廓的两侧以及声学驱动器130对应的两个第三导声孔分布于耳廓的前侧的情况。例如，声学驱动器130对应的两个第三导声孔可以分布于耳廓的同一侧(例如，耳廓的后侧、上方或下方)。又例如，声学驱动器130对应的两个第三导声孔可以分布于耳廓的两侧。又例如，当两个导声孔111、导声孔112或/和两个第三导声孔位于耳廓的同一侧时，在两个导声孔111、导声孔112之间或/和两个第三导声孔之间可以设置挡板，以进一步提高近场的听音音量和降低远场漏音问题。再例如，在一些实施例中，声学驱动器120对应的两个导声孔还可以位于耳廓的同一侧(例如，耳廓的前侧、后侧、上方、下方)。
上文已对基本概念做了描述，显然，对于本领域技术人员来说，上述详细披露仅仅作为示例，而并不构成对本申请的限定。虽然此处并没有明确说明，本领域技术人员可能会对本申请进行各种修改、改进和修正。该类修改、改进和修正在本申请中被建议，所以该类修改、改进、修正仍属于本申请示范实施例的精神和范围。
同时，本申请使用了特定词语来描述本申请的实施例。如“一个实施例”、“一 实施例”、和/或“一些实施例”意指与本申请至少一个实施例相关的某一特征、结构或特点。因此，应强调并注意的是，本说明书中在不同位置两次或多次提及的“一实施例”或“一个实施例”或“一个替代性实施例”并不一定是指同一实施例。此外，本申请的一个或多个实施例中的某些特征、结构或特点可以进行适当的组合。
此外，本领域技术人员可以理解，本申请的各方面可以通过若干具有可专利性的种类或情况进行说明和描述，包括任何新的和有用的工序、机器、产品或物质的组合，或对他们的任何新的和有用的改进。相应地，本申请的各个方面可以完全由硬件执行、可以完全由软件(包括固件、常驻软件、微码等)执行、也可以由硬件和软件组合执行。以上硬件或软件均可被称为“数据块”、“模块”、“引擎”、“单元”、“组件”或“系统”。此外，本申请的各方面可能表现为位于一个或多个计算机可读介质中的计算机产品，该产品包括计算机可读程序编码。
计算机存储介质可能包含一个内含有计算机程序编码的传播数据信号，例如在基带上或作为载波的一部分。该传播信号可能有多种表现形式，包括电磁形式、光形式等，或合适的组合形式。计算机存储介质可以是除计算机可读存储介质之外的任何计算机可读介质，该介质可以通过连接至一个指令执行系统、装置或设备以实现通讯、传播或传输供使用的程序。位于计算机存储介质上的程序编码可以通过任何合适的介质进行传播，包括无线电、电缆、光纤电缆、RF、或类似介质，或任何上述介质的组合。
本申请各部分操作所需的计算机程序编码可以用任意一种或多种程序语言编写，包括面向对象编程语言如Java、Scala、Smalltalk、Eiffel、JADE、Emerald、C++、C#、VB.NET、Python等，常规程序化编程语言如C语言、Visual Basic、Fortran 2003、Perl、COBOL 2002、PHP、ABAP，动态编程语言如Python、Ruby和Groovy，或其他编程语言等。该程序编码可以完全在用户计算机上运行、或作为独立的软件包在用户计算机上运行、或部分在用户计算机上运行部分在远程计算机运行、或完全在远程计算机或服务器上运行。在后种情况下，远程计算机可以通过任何网络形式与用户计算机连接，比如局域网(LAN)或广域网(WAN)，或连接至外部计算机(例如通过因特网)，或在云计算环境中，或作为服务使用如软件即服务(SaaS)。
此外，除非权利要求中明确说明，本申请所述处理元素和序列的顺序、数字字母的使用、或其他名称的使用，并非用于限定本申请流程和方法的顺序。尽管上述披露中通过各种示例讨论了一些目前认为有用的发明实施例，但应当理解的是，该类细节仅起到说明的目的，附加的权利要求并不仅限于披露的实施例，相反，权利要求旨在覆盖所有符合本申请实施例实质和范围的修正和等价组合。例如，虽然以上所描述的系统组件可以通过硬件设备实现，但是也可以只通过软件的解决方案得以实现，如在现有的服务器或移动设备上安装所描述的系统。
同理，应当注意的是，为了简化本申请披露的表述，从而帮助对一个或多个发明实施例的理解，前文对本申请实施例的描述中，有时会将多种特征归并至一个实施例、附图或对其的描述中。但是，这种披露方法并不意味着本申请对象所需要的特征比权利要求中提及的特征多。实际上，实施例的特征要少于上述披露的单个实施例的全部特征。
一些实施例中使用了描述成分、属性数量的数字，应当理解的是，此类用于实施例描述的数字，在一些示例中使用了修饰词“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”来修饰。除非另外说明，“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”表明所述数字允许有±20％的变化。相应地，在一些实施例中，说明书和权利要求中使用的数值参数均为近似值，该近似值根据个别实施例所需特点可以发生改变。在一些实施例中，数值参数应考虑规定的有效数位并采用一般位数保留的方法。尽管本申请一些实施例中用于确认其范围广度的数值域和参数为近似值，在具体实施例中，此类数值的设定在可行范围内尽可能精确。
针对本申请引用的每个专利、专利申请、专利申请公开物和其他材料，如文章、书籍、说明书、出版物、文档等，特此将其全部内容并入本申请作为参考。与本申请内容不一致或产生冲突的申请历史文件除外，对本申请权利要求最广范围有限制的文件(当前或之后附加于本申请中的)也除外。需要说明的是，如果本申请附属材料中的描述、定义、和/或术语的使用与本申请所述内容有不一致或冲突的地方，以本申请的描述、定义和/或术语的使用为准。
最后，应当理解的是，本申请中所述实施例仅用以说明本申请实施例的原则。其他的变形也可能属于本申请的范围。因此，作为示例而非限制，本申请实施例的替代配置可视为与本申请的教导一致。相应地，本申请的实施例不仅限于本申请明确介绍和描述的实施例。

Claims (35)

  1. 一种声学输出装置，其特征在于，包括：
    至少一个声学驱动器，从至少两个导声孔输出所述至少一个声学驱动器发出的声音；
    控制器，被配置为控制每个所述至少一个声学驱动器的相位和振幅，所述控制器通过控制信号使得所述至少一个声学驱动器从所述至少两个导声孔输出相位相反的声音；以及
    支撑结构，所述支撑结构上设有至少一个挡板，所述支撑结构被配置为承载所述至少一个声学驱动器，并使得所述至少两个导声孔分别位于所述至少一个挡板的两侧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个声学驱动器包括一个振膜，所述支撑结构上位于所述振膜的前侧设有用于辐射声音的前室，所述支撑结构上位于所述振膜的后侧设有用于辐射声音的后室，所述前室与所述至少两个导声孔中的一个导声孔声学耦合，所述后室与所述至少两个导声孔中的另一个导声孔声学耦合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述振膜到所述至少两个导声孔的声程不同。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述振膜至所述至少两个导声孔的声程比为0.5-2。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个声学驱动器在所述至少两个导声孔处产生的声音具有不同的声压幅值。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个声学驱动器包括第一声学驱动器和第二声学驱动器，所述控制器通过控制信号使得所述第一声学驱动器和第二声学驱动器从所述至少两个导声孔输出相位相反的声音。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述第一声学驱动器和所述第二声学驱动器到所述至少两个导声孔的声程不同。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述第一声学驱动器和所述第二声学驱动器至所述至少两个导声孔的声程比为0.5-2。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述第一声学驱动器在所述至少两个导声孔中的一个导声孔处产生的声音与所述第二声学驱动器在所述至少两个导声孔中的另一个导声孔处产生的声音具有不同的声压幅值。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少两个导声孔之间的间距d不大于12cm。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其在特征在于，所述至少两个导声孔包括第一导声孔和第二导声孔，所述第一导声孔和用户耳朵位于所述挡板的一侧，所述第二导声孔位于所述挡板的另一侧，所述第一导声孔至用户耳朵的声程小于第二导声孔至用户耳朵的声程。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少两个导声孔位于用户耳朵的同一侧，所述至少两个导声孔中靠近用户耳朵的导声孔至用户耳朵的距离与所述至少两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于3。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少两个导声孔位于用户耳朵的同一侧，所述至少两个导声孔中靠近用户耳朵的导声孔至用户耳朵的距离与所述至少两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于1。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少两个导声孔位于用户耳朵的同一侧，所述至少两个导声孔中靠近用户耳朵的导声孔至用户耳朵的距离与所述至少两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于0.9。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少两个导声孔位于用户耳朵的同一侧，所述至少两个导声孔中靠近用户耳朵的导声孔至用户耳朵的距离与所述至少两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于0.6。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少两个导声孔位于用户耳朵的同一侧，所述至少两个导声孔中靠近用户耳朵的导声孔至用户耳朵的距离与所述至少两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于0.3。
  17. 根据权利要求1中任一项所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述挡板高度与所述至少两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于5。
  18. 根据权利要求1中任一项所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述挡板高度与所述至少两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于3。
  19. 根据权利要求1中任一项所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述挡板高度与所述至少两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于2。
  20. 根据权利要求1中任一项所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述挡板高度与所述至少两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于1.8。
  21. 根据权利要求1中任一项所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述挡板高度与所述至少两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于1.5。
  22. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述挡板的高度与所述至少两个导声孔之间的间距的比值不大于1。
  23. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述挡板的中心至所述至少两个导声孔连线的距离与挡板高度的比值不大于2。
  24. 根据权利要求1所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少两个导声孔包括第三导声孔和第四导声孔，且第三导声孔到挡板的距离与第四导声孔到挡板的距离之比不大于2/3。
  25. 一种声学输出装置，其特征在于，包括：
    至少一个声学驱动器，所述至少一个声学驱动器从至少两个导声孔输出声音；
    控制器，被配置为控制每个所述至少一个声学驱动器的相位和振幅，所述控制器通过控制信号使得所述至少一个声学驱动器从所述至少两个导声孔输出相位相反的声音；以及
    支撑结构，适用于佩戴在用户身体上，所述支撑结构被配置为承载所述至少一个声学驱动器，使得所述至少两个导声孔分别位于用户耳廓的两侧。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个声学驱动器包括一个振膜，所述支撑结构上位于所述振膜的前侧设有用于辐射声音的前室，所述支撑结构上位于所述振膜的后侧设有用于辐射声音的后室，所述前室与所述至少两个导声孔中的一个导声孔声学耦合，所述后室与所述至少两个导声孔中的另一个导声孔声学耦合。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述振膜到所述至少两个导声孔的声程不同。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述振膜至所述至少两个导声孔的声程比为0.5-2。
  29. 根据权利要求25所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个声学驱动器在所述至少两个导声孔处产生的声音具有不同的声压幅值。
  30. 根据权利要求25所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个声学驱动器包括第一声学驱动器和第二声学驱动器，所述控制器通过控制信号使得所述第一声学驱动器和第二声学驱动器从所述至少两个导声孔输出相位相反的声音。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述第一声学驱动器和所述第二声学驱动器到所述至少两个导声孔的声程不同。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述第一声学驱动器和所述第二声学驱动器至所述至少两个导声孔的声程比为0.5-2。
  33. 根据权利要求30所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述第一声学驱动器在所述至少两个导声孔中的一个导声孔处产生的声音与所述第二声学驱动器在所述至少两个导声孔中的另一个导声孔处产生的声音具有不同的声压幅值。
  34. 根据权利要求25所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少两个导声孔之间的间距不大于12cm。
  35. 根据权利要求25所述的声学输出装置，其特征在于，所述至少两个导声孔包括两个分别位于用户耳廓前后两侧的两个导声孔，其中，位于耳廓前侧的导声孔距离用户耳朵的声学路径短于位于耳廓后侧的导声孔距离用户耳朵的声学路径。
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