CN112738680A - 一种挂耳式个人音响设备 - Google Patents

一种挂耳式个人音响设备 Download PDF

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CN112738680A
CN112738680A CN202011555263.0A CN202011555263A CN112738680A CN 112738680 A CN112738680 A CN 112738680A CN 202011555263 A CN202011555263 A CN 202011555263A CN 112738680 A CN112738680 A CN 112738680A
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ear
loudspeaker
duct
speaker
audio device
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王鑫洪
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Shenzhen Longwei Technology Co., Ltd
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王鑫洪
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Priority to CN202011555263.0A priority Critical patent/CN112738680A/zh
Publication of CN112738680A publication Critical patent/CN112738680A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/137275 priority patent/WO2022135192A1/zh
Priority to JP2023561417A priority patent/JP2024500180A/ja
Priority to US18/245,582 priority patent/US20230370762A1/en
Priority to EP21909189.9A priority patent/EP4270982A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1091—Details not provided for in groups H04R1/1008 - H04R1/1083
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    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
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    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
    • H04R1/2873—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself for loudspeaker transducers
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    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
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    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2838—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bandpass type
    • H04R1/2846—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material
    • H04R1/2849—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2853—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using an acoustic labyrinth or a transmission line
    • H04R1/2857—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using an acoustic labyrinth or a transmission line for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
    • H04R1/347—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers for obtaining a phase-shift between the front and back acoustic wave
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    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/02—Details casings, cabinets or mounting therein for transducers covered by H04R1/02 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2225/00—Details of deaf aids covered by H04R25/00, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2225/021—Behind the ear [BTE] hearing aids
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04R2225/00—Details of deaf aids covered by H04R25/00, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2225/021—Behind the ear [BTE] hearing aids
    • H04R2225/0213—Constructional details of earhooks, e.g. shape, material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/09—Non-occlusive ear tips, i.e. leaving the ear canal open, for both custom and non-custom tips

Abstract

本发明公开了一种挂耳式个人音响设备，其技术方案的要点是包括有外壳、扬声器和前导管，所述扬声器一面跟所述前导管连结并相互密封，所述扬声器上设有辐射口，所述扬声器辐射的声波通过所述前导管传送到距离耳道口的距离小于10mm。扬声器的另外一面密封连接有后导管，扬声器另外一面辐射的声波通过所述后导管传送到耳朵的后面，所述后导管管口的声波传播到耳道口的最短传播距离不小于40mm。本发明开放耳道，方便用户听到周围声音。低音丰富，给扬声器增加导管，不但不会像给扬声器增加箱体那样提升扬声器的谐振频率，反而会让谐振频率降低，改善扬声器的低频效果。

Description

一种挂耳式个人音响设备
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种挂耳式个人音响设备。
【背景技术】
耳机拥有良好的音质、便携性和声音的私密性，正在被越来越多的人接受作为个人随身的音乐重放设备，方便出行听音乐和通讯。而且由于声音私密性好，无论听音乐还是通讯，都既不打扰别人，又不会泄露对方通话内容而导致隐私被偷听。但是耳机而堵塞人的耳道，导致听者不容易听到旁边的声音，就存在一些不方便和危险性：
1.沟通不方便，由于耳道被堵塞，不方便沟通，需要把耳机取下来。
2.潜在危险性，当耳道被堵塞之后，尤其运动状态下，不方便听到一些外部的危险信号，造成潜在的威胁。
骨传导耳机，可以克服上述困难，但是音质难满足大部分人对听音乐的要求。而且骨传导耳机必须有一定的夹力，压迫人的皮肤，长期佩戴会造成一些不舒适。
本发明就是基于这种情况作出的。
【发明内容】
本发明目的是克服了现有技术的不足，提供一种可以挂在人耳上音质优秀、轻便且开放耳道的个人音乐重放设备。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：包括有外壳10、扬声器20和前导管32，所述扬声器20一面跟所述前导管32连结并相互密封，所述扬声器20上设有辐射口50，所述扬声器20辐射的声波通过所述前导管32传送到距离耳道口的距离为d，d<＝10mm。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述前导管32管口设有向内弯曲的倾斜开口，该开口的角度θ满足条件-60°<θ<60°。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器20的另外一面密封连接有后导管31，所述扬声器20另外一面辐射的声波通过所述后导管31传送到耳朵的后面，所述后导管31管口的声波传播到耳道口的最短传播距离为a，a＝>40mm。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器20设于耳朵前方，所述前导管32和所述后导管31的横截面积误差不超过±20％，长度误差不超过±20％。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述前导管32的截面积不大于所述扬声器20有效辐射面积的1/2。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：a/d>8。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器20设于耳朵后方，所述前导管32绕过耳朵把声波传送到耳道口附近10mm的范围内，所述后导管31和前导管32的长度不一致。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器20设于耳朵前方靠近耳道处，所述后导管31绕过耳朵把声波传送到耳朵后面，所述后导管31和前导管32的长度不一致。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器20设于耳朵后方，所述扬声器20直接向空气中辐射的声波传播到耳道口的最短传播距离a不小于40mm；所述扬声器20直接向空气中辐射的声波与所述前导管32口辐射的声波经过1/3倍频程平滑之后前后声波频响曲线差异不超过6dB。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：在所述后导管31末端设有后扬声器21，所述后扬声器21与所述后导管31连结并相互密封，所述扬声器20和后扬声器21以相同的方向驱动所述后导管31内的空气运动；所述后扬声器21向空气中辐射的声波与所述前导管32口辐射的声波声波经过1/3倍频程平滑之后前后声波频响曲线差异不超过6dB。
与现有技术相比，本发明有如下优点：
1、本发明开放耳道，方便用户听到周围声音。
2、本发明音质优秀且不需要夹力，由于本发明是通过空气传播声音，不需要特定的夹力。
3、本发明私密性好，不影响周围环境、不泄露收听的内容。
4、本发明轻便，本发明的音响可以悬挂在耳朵上，方便出行。
5、本发明低音丰富，给扬声器增加导管，不但不会像给扬声器增加箱体那样提升扬声器的谐振频率，反而会让谐振频率降低，改善扬声器的低频效果。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明实施例一的结构示意图；
图2是图1中A-A方向的截面图；
图3是本发明实施例一的扬声器反向放置的A-A截面图；
图4是本发明导管口弯曲示意图；
图5是本发明实施例三的结构示意图；
图6是本发明实施例四的结构示意图；
图7是本发明实施例五的结构示意图；
图8是本发明实施例六的结构示意图；
图中：10为外壳；20为扬声器；21为后扬声器；31为后导管；32为前导管；50为辐射口；
【具体实施方式】
下面结合附图对本发明技术特征作进一步详细说明以便于所述领域技术人员能够理解。
本专利请求保护一种挂耳式个人音响设备，尤其是指该设备的机械结构。
该设备包括有外壳10、扬声器20和前导管32，所述扬声器20一面跟所述前导管32连结并相互密封，所述扬声器20上设有辐射口50，所述扬声器20辐射的声波通过所述前导管32传送到距离耳道口的距离为d，d<＝10mm。
该挂耳式个人音响设备开放耳道，方便用户听到周围声音，通过空气传播声音，不需要特定的夹力，可以悬挂在耳朵上，方便出行。
如图4所示，为了让声波更集中的传送到人耳，可以在前导管32管口做一个向内弯曲的倾斜开口，开口角度θ满足条件-60°<θ<60°。
该设备结构的实施例一如图1和图2所示，包括有外壳10、扬声器20、前导管32和后导管31。由于扬声器20正面和背面辐射的声波幅度相同、相位相反，因此在没有任何阻挡的条件下，正面和背面的声波抵消，从而用户听不到低音，这就是声短路现象。为了防止这种情况出现，需要设计声学传播路径减小或防止声短路。扬声器20正面与前导管32连结并相互密封，扬声器20正面辐射的声波通过前导管32传送到耳道口附近，距离耳道口的距离为d，d<＝10mm，因图1中前导管32就处于耳道口处，距离耳道口的距离d约等于0mm，因此在图1中无法示出d。
前导管32的形状可以是任意形状，截面积可根据设计需要调整，通常不大于扬声器20有效辐射面积的1/2。扬声器20背面与后导管31连结并相互密封，扬声器20背面辐射的声波通过后导管31传送到耳朵背面，后导管31的末端距离耳道口的距离为a。a并不是后导管31的末端到达耳道口的直线距离，由于声波需要绕过耳廓，因此是声波实际传播距离的最小值，该最小值不小于40mm。由于声波随着传播距离增加而衰减，距离增加一倍，声波幅度衰减1半(6dB)。因此增加a/d的比值，可以使扬声器20背面辐射的声波传播到耳道口时大大低于正面辐射的声波，从而让使用者耳道接收的主要是扬声器20正面辐射的声波。当a/d>8的时候，背面声波几乎没有影响，从而实现最佳音质。
对于远处M点的人来说，其耳朵距离前导管32末端的距离为b，距离后导管31末端的距离为c，由于b和c都远远大于a，可以认为b≈c。因此两根导管辐射的声波传播到M点的时候幅度几乎相同、相位相反，相互抵消，远处听到的声波很微弱。为了实现最佳的消音效果，后导管31和前导管32的横截面积误差不超过±20％，长度误差不超过±20％。
由于扬声器20正面和背面辐射的声波幅度相同、相位相反，因此本实施例的扬声器20可以反过来用。即为本专利的实施例二：扬声器20的背面与前导管32连结，扬声器20的正面与后导管31连结。如图3所示，可以看到扬声器20正面与后导管31连接，而扬声器20的背面与前导管32连结。这种实施例方式与扬声器20正向安装的效果相似。
本专利的实施例三和实施例四分别如图5和图6所示，在图5的实施例的中，扬声器20位于耳朵后上方，图6实施例的扬声器20位于耳朵前面。这两种实施例的后导管31和前导管32的长度不一致，从而辐射的声波不相等，相互抵消效果减弱。为了实现良好的消音，可以通过频谱分析设备分别测量后导管31和前导管32末端的信号特性，根据实际需要调整后导管31或者前导管32的直径或长度，从而让两根导管辐射的声波特性相近，准确实现最佳消音效果。
因为随着导管直径减小或者长度增加，响度会变低、高频响应会减少。因此如果前导管32的响应灵敏度比后导管大，就需要加大后导管31直径或者缩短后导管31长度，直到两个导管口的频率响应特性经过1/3倍频程平滑后差异在6dB以内。
本专利的实施例五如图7所示，实施例五与前面四个实施例原理相同。在本实施例当中，扬声器20位于耳朵的后方，并且取消了后导管，只保留前导管32。同样的前导管32的末端距离耳道入口的距离小于10mm，扬声器20辐射的声波传播到耳道口的最小距离不小于40mm。在本实施例当中，由于没有后导管31，扬声器20背面辐射的声波会大于前导管32末端辐射的声波，因此无法实现良好的相互抵消。为了改善通话私密性，可以根据需要调整扬声器20背面的辐射口50开孔面积和辐射阻尼，实现与前导管32末端相近的辐射特性，提升消音效果。
本专利设备出厂前的调试方法共有两种，一种是导管辐射、另一种是扬声器直接辐射。两种方法都要先确定前面耳道口侧的设计，测量前导管32管口的响应特性，然后调整后导管31或者扬声器辐射口来匹配前导管32，目标都是经过1/3倍频程平滑之后前后声波频响曲线差异不超过6dB。
1、导管调试，调试后如果发现后导管31的灵敏度高了或者高频多了，可以减小后导管31横截面积或加大后导管31长度；反之加大后导管31横截面积或者减小后导管31长度。
2、扬声器直接辐射，如果扬声器20辐射的声波比前导管32灵敏度高或者高频多，可以减小辐射口50面积，反之加大辐射口50面积，阻尼通常可用来降低辐射灵敏度并且让曲线更平滑。该种调试方法适用于实施五。
图8是基于图6实施例的一种变形。在图6实施例的基础上增加后扬声器21。后扬声器21位于后导管31的末端，并且与后导管31相互密封安装。后扬声器21辐射的声波传播到耳道口的距离不小于40mm。通过控制扬声器20和后扬声器21的输入信号极性，让两只扬声器以相同的方向驱动后导管31中的空气运动。控制后扬声器21辐射口50面积和阻尼，让后扬声器21发出的声波与前导管32口的声波幅度相同、相位相反，从而实现消音。也可以用上述第二种调试的方法来对本实施例调试，本实施例的优点是可以方便阻止水和灰尘进入导管31当中，实现防水和防尘。
本发明所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行的描述，并非对发明构思和范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计思想的前提下，本领域中工程技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变型和改进，均应落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：包括有外壳(10)、扬声器(20)和前导管(32)，所述扬声器(20)一面跟所述前导管(32)连结并相互密封，所述扬声器(20)上设有辐射口(50)，所述扬声器(20)辐射的声波通过所述前导管(32)传送到距离耳道口的距离为d，d<＝10mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述前导管(32)管口设有向内弯曲的倾斜开口，该开口的角度θ满足条件-60°<θ<60°。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器(20)的另外一面密封连接有后导管(31)，所述扬声器(20)另外一面辐射的声波通过所述后导管(31)传送到耳朵的后面，所述后导管(31)管口的声波传播到耳道口的最短传播距离为a，a＝>40mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器(20)设于耳朵前方，所述前导管(32)和所述后导管(31)的横截面积误差不超过±20％，长度误差不超过±20％。
5.根据权利要求3所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述前导管(32)的截面积不大于所述扬声器(20)有效辐射面积的1/2。
6.根据权利要求3所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：a/d>8。
7.根据权利要求3所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器(20)设于耳朵后方，所述前导管(32)绕过耳朵把声波传送到耳道口附近10mm的范围内，所述后导管(31)和前导管(32)的长度不一致。
8.根据权利要求3所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器(20)设于耳朵前方靠近耳道处，所述后导管(31)绕过耳朵把声波传送到耳朵后面，所述后导管(31)和前导管(32)的长度不一致。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器(20)设于耳朵后方，所述扬声器(20)直接向空气中辐射的声波传播到耳道口的最短传播距离a不小于40mm；所述扬声器(20)直接向空气中辐射的声波与所述前导管(32)口辐射的声波经过1/3倍频程平滑之后前后声波频响曲线差异不超过6dB。
10.根据权利要求8所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：在所述后导管(31)末端设有后扬声器(21)，所述后扬声器(21)与所述后导管(31)连结并相互密封，所述扬声器(20)和后扬声器(21)以相同的方向驱动所述后导管(31)内的空气运动；所述后扬声器(21)向空气中辐射的声波与所述前导管(32)口辐射的声波声波经过1/3倍频程平滑之后前后声波频响曲线差异不超过6dB。
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WO2022135192A1 (zh) * 2020-12-24 2022-06-30 深圳市珑为科技有限公司 一种挂耳式个人音响设备
WO2023188345A1 (ja) * 2022-03-31 2023-10-05 日本電信電話株式会社 音響信号出力装置

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CN202222043U (zh) * 2011-10-14 2012-05-16 彭彦儒 开放导音式耳机
JP6301433B1 (ja) * 2016-11-16 2018-03-28 ＢｏＣｏ株式会社 骨伝導を利用した聴音装置
BR112021021746A2 (pt) * 2019-04-30 2021-12-28 Shenzhen Voxtech Co Ltd Aparelho de saída acústica
CN112738680A (zh) * 2020-12-24 2021-04-30 王鑫洪 一种挂耳式个人音响设备

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