WO2022135192A1 - 一种挂耳式个人音响设备 - Google Patents

一种挂耳式个人音响设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022135192A1
WO2022135192A1 PCT/CN2021/137275 CN2021137275W WO2022135192A1 WO 2022135192 A1 WO2022135192 A1 WO 2022135192A1 CN 2021137275 W CN2021137275 W CN 2021137275W WO 2022135192 A1 WO2022135192 A1 WO 2022135192A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
speaker
ear
conduit
sound waves
personal audio
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/137275
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王鑫洪
Original Assignee
深圳市珑为科技有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市珑为科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市珑为科技有限公司
Priority to US18/245,582 priority Critical patent/US20230370762A1/en
Priority to EP21909189.9A priority patent/EP4270982A1/en
Priority to JP2023561417A priority patent/JP2024500180A/ja
Publication of WO2022135192A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022135192A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1091—Details not provided for in groups H04R1/1008 - H04R1/1083
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/105—Earpiece supports, e.g. ear hooks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1008—Earpieces of the supra-aural or circum-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1041—Mechanical or electronic switches, or control elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
    • H04R1/2873—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
    • H04R1/1075—Mountings of transducers in earphones or headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2838—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bandpass type
    • H04R1/2846—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material
    • H04R1/2849—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2853—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using an acoustic labyrinth or a transmission line
    • H04R1/2857—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using an acoustic labyrinth or a transmission line for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
    • H04R1/347—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers for obtaining a phase-shift between the front and back acoustic wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/02—Details casings, cabinets or mounting therein for transducers covered by H04R1/02 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2225/00—Details of deaf aids covered by H04R25/00, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2225/021—Behind the ear [BTE] hearing aids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2225/00—Details of deaf aids covered by H04R25/00, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2225/021—Behind the ear [BTE] hearing aids
    • H04R2225/0213—Constructional details of earhooks, e.g. shape, material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/09—Non-occlusive ear tips, i.e. leaving the ear canal open, for both custom and non-custom tips

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ear-mounted personal audio equipment.
  • Headphones have good sound quality, portability and sound privacy, and are being accepted by more and more people as a personal portable music playback device, which is convenient for traveling, listening to music and communication. And because of the sound privacy, no matter listening to music or communication, it will neither disturb others, nor reveal the content of the other party's call, resulting in privacy being eavesdropped. However, the earphone blocks the human ear canal, which makes it difficult for the listener to hear the sound next to him, which is inconvenient and dangerous:
  • Bone conduction headphones can overcome the above difficulties, but the sound quality is difficult to meet the requirements of most people for listening to music. Moreover, the bone conduction earphone must have a certain clamping force, which oppresses the human skin, and it will cause some discomfort when wearing it for a long time.
  • the present invention has been made based on this situation.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a personal music playback device that can be hung on the human ear with excellent sound quality, is lightweight and has an open ear canal.
  • the above-mentioned hanging ear personal audio equipment is characterized in that: the nozzle of the front conduit 32 is provided with an inwardly curved inclined opening, and the angle ⁇ of the opening satisfies the condition -60° ⁇ 60°.
  • the above-mentioned ear-mounted personal audio equipment is characterized in that: the speaker 20 is arranged in front of the ear, the cross-sectional area error of the front duct 32 and the rear duct 31 does not exceed ⁇ 20%, and the length error does not exceed ⁇ 20%.
  • the above-mentioned ear-mounted personal audio equipment is characterized in that: the cross-sectional area of the front conduit 32 is not greater than 1/2 of the effective radiation area of the speaker 20 .
  • the above-mentioned ear-mounted personal audio equipment is characterized in that: the speaker 20 is arranged behind the ear, the front conduit 32 bypasses the ear and transmits sound waves to a range of 10 mm near the ear canal opening, and the rear conduit 31 and the The lengths of the front conduits 32 are not uniform.
  • the above-mentioned ear-mounted personal audio equipment is characterized in that: the speaker 20 is located in front of the ear and close to the ear canal, the rear duct 31 bypasses the ear and transmits sound waves to the back of the ear, and the rear duct 31 and the front The lengths of the conduits 32 are not uniform.
  • the above-mentioned ear-mounted personal audio equipment is characterized in that: when the sound waves radiated by the loudspeaker 20 directly in the air are propagated to the ear canal orifice, the loudspeaker 20 is arranged behind the ear and the shortest propagation distance a is not less than 40mm; The sound wave radiated directly into the air by the speaker 20 and the sound wave radiated by the front conduit 32 are smoothed by 1/3 octave and the difference between the front and rear sound wave frequency response curves does not exceed 6dB.
  • the above-mentioned ear-mounted personal audio equipment is characterized in that: a rear speaker 21 is provided at the end of the rear duct 31, the rear speaker 21 is connected with the rear duct 31 and sealed with each other, and the speaker 20 and the rear
  • the speaker 21 drives the air movement in the rear conduit 31 in the same direction; the sound waves radiated by the rear speaker 21 to the air and the sound waves radiated by the front conduit 32 are smoothed by 1/3 octave before and after the sound waves.
  • the frequency response curve difference does not exceed 6dB.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention opens the ear canal, which is convenient for the user to hear the surrounding sounds.
  • the present invention has excellent sound quality and does not require a clamping force. Since the present invention transmits sound through the air, no specific clamping force is required.
  • the present invention has good privacy, does not affect the surrounding environment, and does not leak the listening content.
  • the present invention is portable, and the speaker of the present invention can be hung on the ear for convenient travel.
  • the present invention has rich bass, and adding a conduit to the speaker will not only not increase the resonant frequency of the speaker like adding a box to the speaker, but will reduce the resonant frequency and improve the low-frequency effect of the speaker.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is the sectional view of A-A direction in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the A-A cross-sectional view of the loudspeaker of the first embodiment of the present invention placed in reverse;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the bending of the conduit opening of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 3 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 4 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 5 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 6 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • 10 is the shell; 20 is the speaker; 21 is the rear speaker; 31 is the rear conduit; 32 is the front conduit; 50 is the radiation port.
  • the device includes a casing 10, a speaker 20 and a front duct 32.
  • the speaker 20 is connected with the front duct 32 on one side and sealed with each other.
  • the ear-mounted personal audio device opens the ear canal, which is convenient for the user to hear the surrounding sound, transmits the sound through the air, does not require a specific clamping force, and can be hung on the ear for convenient travel.
  • an inwardly curved inclined opening can be made at the mouth of the front catheter 32 , and the opening angle ⁇ satisfies the condition -60° ⁇ 60°.
  • the first embodiment of the device structure is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , and includes a housing 10 , a speaker 20 , a front conduit 32 and a rear conduit 31 . Since the sound waves radiated from the front and back of the speaker 20 have the same amplitude and opposite phases, the sound waves on the front and back are canceled without any obstruction, so that the user cannot hear the bass, which is an acoustic short-circuit phenomenon. In order to prevent this from happening, it is necessary to design the acoustic propagation path to reduce or prevent acoustic short circuits.
  • the front of the loudspeaker 20 is connected with the front conduit 32 and sealed with each other.
  • the distance d from the orifice of the ear canal is approximately equal to 0 mm, so d cannot be shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the shape of the front duct 32 can be any shape, and the cross-sectional area can be adjusted according to design requirements, and is generally not larger than 1/2 of the effective radiation area of the speaker 20 .
  • the back of the speaker 20 is connected and sealed with the rear conduit 31.
  • the sound waves radiated from the back of the speaker 20 are transmitted to the back of the ear through the rear conduit 31.
  • the distance between the end of the rear conduit 31 and the opening of the ear canal is a. a is not the straight-line distance from the end of the rear catheter 31 to the ear canal opening. Since the sound wave needs to bypass the auricle, it is the minimum value of the actual propagation distance of the sound wave, which is not less than 40mm.
  • the amplitude of the sound wave is attenuated by 1 and a half (6dB) when the distance is doubled. Therefore, by increasing the ratio of a/d, the sound waves radiated from the back of the speaker 20 can be much lower than the sound waves radiated from the front when propagated to the ear canal opening, so that the user's ear canal mainly receives the sound waves radiated from the front of the speaker 20 .
  • a/d>8 the back sound wave has almost no influence, thus achieving the best sound quality.
  • the distance between the ear and the end of the anterior catheter 32 is b, and the distance from the end of the posterior catheter 31 is c. Since both b and c are much larger than a, it can be considered that b ⁇ c. Therefore, when the sound waves radiated by the two conduits propagate to point M, the amplitudes are almost the same, the phases are opposite, and they cancel each other out, and the sound waves heard in the distance are very weak. In order to achieve the best noise reduction effect, the cross-sectional area error of the rear duct 31 and the front duct 32 should not exceed ⁇ 20%, and the length error should not exceed ⁇ 20%.
  • the loudspeaker 20 of this embodiment can be used in reverse. That is, the second embodiment of the present patent: the back of the speaker 20 is connected to the front conduit 32 , and the front of the speaker 20 is connected to the rear conduit 31 . As shown in FIG. 3 , it can be seen that the front of the speaker 20 is connected to the rear duct 31 , and the back of the speaker 20 is connected to the front duct 32 .
  • This embodiment is similar to the effect of installing the loudspeaker 20 in the forward direction.
  • Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 4 of this patent are respectively shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 .
  • the speaker 20 is located behind and above the ear
  • the speaker 20 of the embodiment of FIG. 6 is located in front of the ear.
  • the lengths of the rear duct 31 and the front duct 32 in these two embodiments are inconsistent, so that the radiated sound waves are not equal, and the mutual cancellation effect is weakened.
  • the signal characteristics of the ends of the rear conduit 31 and the front conduit 32 can be measured by a spectrum analysis device, and the diameter or length of the rear conduit 31 or the front conduit 32 can be adjusted according to actual needs, so that the two conduits can radiate sound waves. close, and accurately achieve the best noise reduction effect.
  • the response sensitivity of the front conduit 32 is greater than that of the rear conduit, it is necessary to increase the diameter of the rear conduit 31 or shorten the length of the rear conduit 31 until the frequency response characteristics of the two conduit openings are smoothed by 1/3 octave and the difference is within 6dB .
  • the fifth embodiment of the present patent is shown in FIG. 7 , and the fifth embodiment has the same principle as the first four embodiments.
  • the speaker 20 is located behind the ear, and the rear conduit is eliminated, and only the front conduit 32 remains.
  • the distance between the distal end of the front conduit 32 and the entrance of the ear canal is less than 10 mm, and the minimum distance for the sound wave radiated by the speaker 20 to propagate to the entrance of the ear canal is not less than 40 mm.
  • the sound waves radiated from the back of the speaker 20 will be greater than the sound waves radiated from the end of the front duct 32 , so good mutual cancellation cannot be achieved.
  • the opening area and radiation damping of the radiation port 50 on the back of the speaker 20 can be adjusted as required to achieve radiation characteristics similar to the end of the front conduit 32 and improve the noise reduction effect.
  • the loudspeaker radiates directly. If the sound wave radiated by the loudspeaker 20 is more sensitive or more high-frequency than the front conduit 32, the area of the radiation port 50 can be reduced. On the contrary, the area of the radiation port 50 can be increased. Damping can usually be used to reduce the radiation sensitivity and make the curve more smooth. This debugging method is suitable for implementation five.
  • FIG. 8 is a modification based on the embodiment of FIG. 6 .
  • a rear speaker 21 is added.
  • the rear speaker 21 is located at the end of the rear duct 31 , and is installed in a sealed manner with the rear duct 31 .
  • the distance that the sound wave radiated by the rear speaker 21 propagates to the ear canal opening is not less than 40 mm.
  • the area and damping of the radiation port 50 of the rear speaker 21 are controlled, so that the sound wave emitted by the rear speaker 21 has the same amplitude and opposite phase as the sound wave from the front conduit port 32, so as to achieve noise reduction.
  • the above-mentioned second debugging method can also be used to debug this embodiment.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that water and dust can be easily prevented from entering the conduit 31 to achieve waterproof and dustproof.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Headphones And Earphones (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种挂耳式个人音响设备，其技术方案的要点是包括有外壳、扬声器和前导管，所述扬声器一面跟所述前导管连结并相互密封，所述扬声器上设有辐射口，所述扬声器辐射的声波通过所述前导管传送到距离耳道口的距离小于10mm。扬声器的另外一面密封连接有后导管，扬声器另外一面辐射的声波通过所述后导管传送到耳朵的后面，所述后导管管口的声波传播到耳道口的最短传播距离不小于40mm。本发明开放耳道，方便用户听到周围声音。低音丰富，给扬声器增加导管，不但不会像给扬声器增加箱体那样提升扬声器的谐振频率，反而会让谐振频率降低，改善扬声器的低频效果。

Description

一种挂耳式个人音响设备
【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种挂耳式个人音响设备。
【背景技术】
耳机拥有良好的音质、便携性和声音的私密性，正在被越来越多的人接受作为个人随身的音乐重放设备，方便出行听音乐和通讯。而且由于声音私密性好，无论听音乐还是通讯，都既不打扰别人，又不会泄露对方通话内容而导致隐私被偷听。但是耳机而堵塞人的耳道，导致听者不容易听到旁边的声音，就存在一些不方便和危险性：
1.     沟通不方便，由于耳道被堵塞，不方便沟通，需要把耳机取下来。
2.     潜在危险性，当耳道被堵塞之后，尤其运动状态下，不方便听到一些外部的危险信号，造成潜在的威胁。
骨传导耳机，可以克服上述困难，但是音质难满足大部分人对听音乐的要求。而且骨传导耳机必须有一定的夹力，压迫人的皮肤，长期佩戴会造成一些不舒适。
本发明就是基于这种情况作出的。
【发明内容】
本发明目的是克服了现有技术的不足，提供一种可以挂在人耳上音质优秀、轻便且开放耳道的个人音乐重放设备。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：包括有外壳10、扬声器20和前导管32，所述扬声器20一面跟所述前导管32连结并相互密封，所述扬声器20上设有辐射口50，所述扬声器20辐射的声波通过所述前导管32传送到距离耳道口的距离为d，d<=10mm；所述扬声器20的另一面直接向空气辐射声波到耳道口或通过后导管31传送到耳道口，最短传播距离为a，a/d>8。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述前导管32管口设有向内弯曲的倾斜开口，该开口的角度θ满足条件-60°<θ<60°。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述后导管31与所述扬声器20的另外一面密封连接，所述扬声器20另外一面辐射的声波通过所述后导管31传送到耳朵的后面，所述后导管31管口的声波传播到耳道口的最短传播距离为a，a=>40mm。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器20设于耳朵前方，所述前导管32和所述后导管31的横截面积误差不超过±20%，长度误差不超过±20%。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述前导管32的截面积不大于所述扬声器20有效辐射面积的1/2。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器20设于耳朵后方，所述前导管32绕过耳朵把声波传送到耳道口附近10mm的范围内，所述后导管31和前导管32的长度不一致。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器20设于耳朵前方靠近耳道处，所述后导管31绕过耳朵把声波传送到耳朵后面，所述后导管31和前导管32的长度不一致。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器20直接向空气中辐射的声波传播到耳道口时，所述扬声器20设于耳朵后方且最短传播距离a不小于40mm；所述扬声器20直接向空气中辐射的声波与所述前导管32口辐射的声波经过1/3倍频程平滑之后前后声波频响曲线差异不超过6dB。
如上所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：在所述后导管31末端设有后扬声器21，所述后扬声器21与所述后导管31连结并相互密封，所述扬声器20和后扬声器21以相同的方向驱动所述后导管31内的空气运动；所述后扬声器21向空气中辐射的声波与所述前导管32口辐射的声波声波经过1/3倍频程平滑之后前后声波频响曲线差异不超过6dB。
与现有技术相比，本发明有如下优点：
1、 本发明开放耳道，方便用户听到周围声音。
2、 本发明音质优秀且不需要夹力，由于本发明是通过空气传播声音，不需要特定的夹力。
3、 本发明私密性好，不影响周围环境、不泄露收听的内容。
4、 本发明轻便，本发明的音响可以悬挂在耳朵上，方便出行。
5、 本发明低音丰富，给扬声器增加导管，不但不会像给扬声器增加箱体那样提升扬声器的谐振频率，反而会让谐振频率降低，改善扬声器的低频效果。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明实施例一的结构示意图；
图2是图1中A-A方向的截面图；
图3是本发明实施例一的扬声器反向放置的A-A截面图；
图4是本发明导管口弯曲示意图；
图5是本发明实施例三的结构示意图；
图6是本发明实施例四的结构示意图；
图7是本发明实施例五的结构示意图；
图8是本发明实施例六的结构示意图；
图中：10为外壳；20为扬声器；21为后扬声器；31为后导管；32为前导管；50为辐射口。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合附图对本发明技术特征作进一步详细说明以便于所述领域技术人员能够理解。
本专利请求保护一种挂耳式个人音响设备，尤其是指该设备的机械结构。
该设备包括有外壳10、扬声器20和前导管32，所述扬声器20一面跟所述前导管32连结并相互密封，所述扬声器20上设有辐射口50，所述扬声器20辐射的声波通过所述前导管32传送到距离耳道口的距离为d，d<=10mm。
该挂耳式个人音响设备开放耳道，方便用户听到周围声音，通过空气传播声音，不需要特定的夹力，可以悬挂在耳朵上，方便出行。
如图4所示，为了让声波更集中的传送到人耳，可以在前导管32管口做一个向内弯曲的倾斜开口，开口角度θ满足条件-60°<θ<60°。
该设备结构的实施例一如图1和图2所示，包括有外壳10、扬声器20、前导管32和后导管31。由于扬声器20正面和背面辐射的声波幅度相同、相位相反，因此在没有任何阻挡的条件下，正面和背面的声波抵消，从而用户听不到低音，这就是声短路现象。为了防止这种情况出现，需要设计声学传播路径减小或防止声短路。扬声器20正面与前导管32连结并相互密封，扬声器20正面辐射的声波通过前导管32传送到耳道口附近，距离耳道口的距离为d，d<=10mm，因图1中前导管32就处于耳道口处，距离耳道口的距离d约等于0mm，因此在图1中无法示出d。
前导管32的形状可以是任意形状，截面积可根据设计需要调整，通常不大于扬声器20有效辐射面积的1/2。扬声器20背面与后导管31连结并相互密封，扬声器20背面辐射的声波通过后导管31传送到耳朵背面，后导管31的末端距离耳道口的距离为a。a并不是后导管31的末端到达耳道口的直线距离，由于声波需要绕过耳廓，因此是声波实际传播距离的最小值，该最小值不小于40mm。由于声波随着传播距离增加而衰减，距离增加一倍，声波幅度衰减1半(6dB)。因此增加a/d的比值，可以使扬声器20背面辐射的声波传播到耳道口时大大低于正面辐射的声波，从而让使用者耳道接收的主要是扬声器20正面辐射的声波。当a/d>8的时候，背面声波几乎没有影响，从而实现最佳音质。
对于远处M点的人来说，其耳朵距离前导管32末端的距离为b，距离后导管31末端的距离为c，由于b和c都远远大于a，可以认为b≈c。因此两根导管辐射的声波传播到M点的时候幅度几乎相同、相位相反，相互抵消，远处听到的声波很微弱。为了实现最佳的消音效果，后导管31和前导管32的横截面积误差不超过±20%，长度误差不超过±20%。
由于扬声器20正面和背面辐射的声波幅度相同、相位相反，因此本实施例的扬声器20可以反过来用。即为本专利的实施例二：扬声器20的背面与前导管32连结，扬声器20的正面与后导管31连结。如图3所示，可以看到扬声器20正面与后导管31连接，而扬声器20的背面与前导管32连结。这种实施例方式与扬声器20正向安装的效果相似。
本专利的实施例三和实施例四分别如图5和图6所示，在图5的实施例的中，扬声器20位于耳朵后上方，图6实施例的扬声器20位于耳朵前面。这两种实施例的后导管31和前导管32的长度不一致，从而辐射的声波不相等，相互抵消效果减弱。为了实现良好的消音，可以通过频谱分析设备分别测量后导管31和前导管32末端的信号特性，根据实际需要调整后导管31或者前导管32的直径或长度，从而让两根导管辐射的声波特性相近，准确实现最佳消音效果。
因为随着导管直径减小或者长度增加，响度会变低、高频响应会减少。因此如果前导管32的响应灵敏度比后导管大，就需要加大后导管31直径或者缩短后导管31长度，直到两个导管口的频率响应特性经过1/3倍频程平滑后差异在6dB以内。
本专利的实施例五如图7所示，实施例五与前面四个实施例原理相同。在本实施例当中，扬声器20位于耳朵的后方，并且取消了后导管，只保留前导管32。同样的前导管32的末端距离耳道入口的距离小于10mm，扬声器20辐射的声波传播到耳道口的最小距离不小于40mm。在本实施例当中，由于没有后导管31，扬声器20背面辐射的声波会大于前导管32末端辐射的声波，因此无法实现良好的相互抵消。为了改善通话私密性，可以根据需要调整扬声器20背面的辐射口50开孔面积和辐射阻尼，实现与前导管32末端相近的辐射特性，提升消音效果。
本专利设备出厂前的调试方法共有两种，一种是导管辐射、另一种是扬声器直接辐射。两种方法都要先确定前面耳道口侧的设计，测量前导管32管口的响应特性，然后调整后导管31或者扬声器辐射口来匹配前导管32，目标都是经过1/3倍频程平滑之后前后声波频响曲线差异不超过6dB。
1、导管调试，调试后如果发现后导管31的灵敏度高了或者高频多了，可以减小后导管31横截面积或加大后导管31长度；反之加大后导管31横截面积或者减小后导管31长度。
2、扬声器直接辐射，如果扬声器20辐射的声波比前导管32灵敏度高或者高频多，可以减小辐射口50面积，反之加大辐射口50面积，阻尼通常可用来降低辐射灵敏度并且让曲线更平滑。该种调试方法适用于实施五。
图8是基于图6实施例的一种变形。在图6实施例的基础上增加后扬声器21。后扬声器21位于后导管31的末端，并且与后导管31相互密封安装。后扬声器21辐射的声波传播到耳道口的距离不小于40mm。通过控制扬声器20和后扬声器21的输入信号极性，让两只扬声器以相同的方向驱动后导管31中的空气运动。控制后扬声器21辐射口50面积和阻尼，让后扬声器21发出的声波与前导管32口的声波幅度相同、相位相反，从而实现消音。也可以用上述第二种调试的方法来对本实施例调试，本实施例的优点是可以方便阻止水和灰尘进入导管31当中，实现防水和防尘。
本发明所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行的描述，并非对发明构思和范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计思想的前提下，本领域中工程技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变型和改进，均应落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：包括有外壳（10）、扬声器（20）和前导管（32），所述扬声器（20）一面跟所述前导管（32）连结并相互密封，所述扬声器（20）上设有辐射口（50），所述扬声器（20）辐射的声波通过所述前导管（32）传送到距离耳道口的距离为d，d<=10mm；所述扬声器（20）的另一面直接向空气辐射声波到耳道口或通过后导管（31）传送到耳道口，最短传播距离为a，a/d>8。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述前导管（32）管口设有向内弯曲的倾斜开口，该开口的角度θ满足条件-60°<θ<60°。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述后导管（31）与所述扬声器（20）的另外一面密封连接，所述扬声器（20）另外一面辐射的声波通过所述后导管（31）传送到耳朵的后面，所述后导管（31）管口的声波传播到耳道口的最短传播距离为a，a=>40mm。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器（20）设于耳朵前方，所述前导管（32）和所述后导管（31）的横截面积误差不超过±20%，长度误差不超过±20%。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述前导管（32）的截面积不大于所述扬声器（20）有效辐射面积的1/2。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器（20）设于耳朵后方，所述前导管（32）绕过耳朵把声波传送到耳道口附近10mm的范围内，所述后导管（31）和前导管（32）的长度不一致。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器（20）设于耳朵前方靠近耳道处，所述后导管（31）绕过耳朵把声波传送到耳朵后面，所述后导管（31）和前导管（32）的长度不一致。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：所述扬声器（20）直接向空气中辐射的声波传播到耳道口时，所述扬声器（20）设于耳朵后方且最短传播距离a不小于40mm；所述扬声器（20）直接向空气中辐射的声波与所述前导管（32）口辐射的声波经过1/3倍频程平滑之后前后声波频响曲线差异不超过6dB。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的挂耳式个人音响设备，其特征在于：在所述后导管（31）末端设有后扬声器（21），所述后扬声器（21）与所述后导管（31）连结并相互密封，所述扬声器（20）和后扬声器（21）以相同的方向驱动所述后导管（31）内的空气运动；所述后扬声器（21）向空气中辐射的声波与所述前导管（32）口辐射的声波声波经过1/3倍频程平滑之后前后声波频响曲线差异不超过6dB。
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