WO2022135191A1 - 一种个人音响系统及其应用 - Google Patents

一种个人音响系统及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022135191A1
WO2022135191A1 PCT/CN2021/137274 CN2021137274W WO2022135191A1 WO 2022135191 A1 WO2022135191 A1 WO 2022135191A1 CN 2021137274 W CN2021137274 W CN 2021137274W WO 2022135191 A1 WO2022135191 A1 WO 2022135191A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
speaker
audio system
duct
personal audio
right front
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/137274
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王鑫洪
Original Assignee
深圳市珑为科技有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市珑为科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市珑为科技有限公司
Priority to JP2023561416A priority Critical patent/JP2023554556A/ja
Priority to EP21909188.1A priority patent/EP4266702A4/en
Priority to US18/258,699 priority patent/US20240048882A1/en
Publication of WO2022135191A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022135191A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/025—Arrangements for fixing loudspeaker transducers, e.g. in a box, furniture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/02—Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers
    • H04R5/023—Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers in a chair, pillow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/403—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers loud-speakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S1/00—Two-channel systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
    • H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
    • H04S7/302—Electronic adaptation of stereophonic sound system to listener position or orientation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/10—Applications
    • G10K2210/128—Vehicles
    • G10K2210/1282—Automobiles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
    • H04R1/347—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers for obtaining a phase-shift between the front and back acoustic wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/02—Details casings, cabinets or mounting therein for transducers covered by H04R1/02 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/029—Manufacturing aspects of enclosures transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/13—Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of audio equipment for replaying music, in particular to a personal audio system that can be used as headrests or neckrests in environments such as automobiles, airplanes, and high-speed trains.
  • the sound field is not centered: Because the distance between the seats and the door panels on both sides is different, the sound from the left and right speakers reaches the human ear with different time and intensity, so the sound field cannot be centered.
  • High cost At present, there are a large number of mid-to-high-end car audio speakers on the market. For example, the Cadillac CT6 has grown to 34, and the new generation of products has reached 48.
  • earphones can overcome most of the above shortcomings, they need to be worn on people's heads, causing a certain degree of inconvenience, and the earphones block people's ears, making it inconvenient to communicate with people next to them.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a personal audio system that can be installed on a headrest on a seat or a neck pillow on a person's shoulders.
  • the sound waves radiated from the front and back of the speaker have the same amplitude and opposite phases, without any obstruction, the sound waves radiated from the front and back cancel each other out, resulting in poor bass, which is an acoustic short circuit.
  • the cavity of the speaker is to confine the sound waves on the back of the speaker in an independent space, but the added cavity will lead to an increase in the lowest resonant frequency of the speaker and a worsening of the bass.
  • the present invention adopts a brand-new design idea to prevent or reduce the influence of acoustic short circuit.
  • a sound wave has a characteristic that the amplitude is attenuated by half (6dB) for every doubling of the propagation distance in the free-field space. Therefore, if the speaker and the listening position can be kept relatively stable, we can send the sound waves from one side of the speaker to a longer distance through a conduit, and the other side is near the ear. In this way, when the far-end sound wave propagates back to the ear in the free field space, the amplitude is much smaller than that of the near-end sound wave, thus achieving a good bass effect. Especially when the free-field spatial propagation distance difference is not less than 8 times, the amplitude of cancellation is less than 1dB, and it can be considered equivalently that there is no mutual cancellation. And adding pipes to the speaker can lower the lowest resonant frequency of the speaker and improve the bass.
  • the device does not need to cover the user's ears, it does not prevent the user from communicating with people or hearing useful sounds outside. And whether it is installed on the seat or worn on the shoulder, it greatly reduces the burden on the user.
  • a personal audio system is characterized in that: it includes a casing 10, and a right front speaker 31, a left front speaker 32 and a controller 50 are respectively arranged in the casing 10; and a right rear conduit 41 is arranged on the right front speaker 31.
  • the opening of one end of the right rear duct 41 is tightly connected with one side of the right front speaker 31 and sealed with each other, and the other end of the right rear duct 41 is opened away from the human ear;
  • the left front speaker 32 is provided with a left rear duct 42.
  • An opening of one end of the left rear duct 42 is tightly connected with one side of the left front speaker 32 and sealed with each other, and the other end of the left rear duct 42 is opened away from the human ear.
  • the above personal audio system is characterized in that: the right front speaker 31 is provided with a right front duct 43, one end opening of the right front duct 43 is tightly connected and sealed with the other surface of the right front speaker 31, and the The other end opening of the right front duct 43 is close to the user's ear; the left front speaker 32 is provided with a left front duct 44 , and one end opening of the left front duct 44 is tightly connected with and sealed to one side of the left front speaker 32 . The other end of the left front conduit 44 is opened close to the user's ear.
  • the above personal audio system is characterized in that: the right front speaker 31 and the left front speaker 32 have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged, the left front duct 44 and the right front duct 43 have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged, and the right front duct 43
  • the distance a from the ear canal opening is between 30 mm and 200 mm, and the distance b radiated from the distal end of the right rear catheter 41 to the air and then transmitted to the human ear is b, b/a>2.
  • the above personal audio system is characterized in that: b/a>8; the cross-sectional area error of the right front duct 43 and the right rear duct 41 does not exceed 10%, and the length error also does not exceed 10%.
  • the above personal audio system is characterized in that: the right front speaker 31 and the left front speaker 32 have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged, the right rear duct 41 and the left rear duct 42 have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged, and the The radiation axes of the front right speaker 31 and the front left speaker 32 point to the two ears of the person respectively, and the included angle ⁇ between the two axes is between 30° and 170°.
  • the sound waves radiated from the front of the front right speaker 31 are transmitted to the respective ears.
  • the distance a of the ear is between 30mm and 200mm
  • the distance b radiated from the distal end of the right rear catheter 41 into the air and then transmitted to the human ear is b, b/a>2.
  • the above personal audio system is characterized in that: b/a>8.
  • the above personal audio system is characterized in that: the right front speaker 31 and the left front speaker 32 have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged, and the housing 10 is symmetrically provided with a right rear speaker 33 and a left rear speaker 34.
  • the right rear speaker 33 is reversely arranged behind the right front speaker 31
  • the left rear speaker 34 is reversely arranged behind the left front speaker 32 .
  • An application of the above personal audio system is characterized in that: the personal audio system is installed in the headrest of the seat.
  • An application of the above personal audio system is characterized in that: the personal audio system is installed in a neck pillow.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the personal audio system of the present invention does not need to touch the ear, does not increase the burden on the user, and is comfortable to use.
  • the personal audio system of the present invention has good sound quality and rich bass. Adding a cavity to a speaker will cause the resonant frequency to rise, resulting in poor bass. But adding conduit to the speaker can lower the resonant frequency and make the bass richer.
  • the personal audio system of the present invention has good left-right symmetry and a natural sound field.
  • the personal audio system of the present invention has good privacy, does not disturb others, and enhances the privacy of communication.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • 10 is the shell
  • 31 is the right front speaker
  • 32 is the left front speaker
  • 50 is the controller
  • 41 is the right rear conduit
  • 43 is the right front conduit
  • 33 is the right rear speaker
  • 34 is the left rear speaker.
  • 44 is the left anterior catheter
  • 42 is the left posterior catheter.
  • the personal audio system includes a housing 10, and a right front speaker 31, a left front speaker 32 and a controller 50 are respectively arranged in the housing 10.
  • the controller 50 is used to control the speakers, and the right front speaker 31 and the left front speaker 32 are symmetrically arranged.
  • the personal audio system may be installed in the headrest of the seat, or may be installed in the neck pillow and worn on the shoulder.
  • This patent includes at least the following four embodiments.
  • a personal audio system includes a housing 10 and a controller 50 . Inside the housing 10 , a left front speaker 32 and a right front speaker 31 are arranged corresponding to the left and right ears respectively. For the convenience of description, we only introduce the design of the right channel below, and the design of the left and right is the same.
  • a right front duct 43 is provided on one surface of the right front speaker 31 , and the right front duct 43 and the right front speaker 31 are tightly connected and sealed with each other. The other end of the right front conduit 43 is close to the ear, and the distance from the ear canal opening a satisfies the condition of 30mm ⁇ a ⁇ 200mm.
  • the other side of the right front speaker 31 is tightly connected with the right rear conduit 41 and sealed with each other.
  • the other end of the right rear conduit 41 is far away from the human ear, and the shortest propagation distance of the sound wave from the human ear is b satisfying the condition b/a>2.
  • b/a>8 the sound effect heard by the human ear is close to the best.
  • the distance from the far point M to the user is usually greater than 500 mm, so the difference between the distances between the distal ends of the right front catheter 43 and the right rear catheter 41 to the M point is c/d ⁇ 1. Since the sound waves emitted from the front and back of the right front speaker 31 have the same amplitude and opposite phases, when they propagate to point M, they can cancel each other out, thereby weakening the sound heard by people at point M. In order to achieve the best noise reduction effect, one of the better ways is to make the right front duct 43 and the right rear duct 41 have similar cross-sectional areas and lengths, and the error does not exceed 10%.
  • the right front duct 43 and the right rear duct 41 cannot be designed to be of similar size, accurate noise reduction can be achieved by adjusting the sound wave characteristics of the duct openings.
  • the sound waves at the mouth of the right rear duct 41 are measured. If the sound wave amplitude of the mouth of the right rear conduit 41 is greater than that of the mouth of the right front conduit 43 , the cross-sectional area of the right rear conduit 41 may be reduced or the length of the right rear conduit 41 may be increased. Otherwise, increase the cross-sectional area of the right rear conduit 41 or shorten its length, and adjust until the sound wave frequency response curves of the two conduit openings are smoothed by 1/3 octave and the difference is not greater than 6dB.
  • Embodiment 2 The sizes of the right front duct 43 and the right rear duct 41 in the above embodiment can be set separately according to requirements. When the front duct is shortened to completely absent, it becomes the embodiment of FIG. 2 .
  • An active noise reduction device includes a housing 10 and a controller 50 , a right front speaker 31 and a left front speaker 32 .
  • the right front speaker 31 and the left front speaker 32 are located behind or below the human ear, and the distance a from the human ear canal opening is 30mm ⁇ a ⁇ 200mm. When the distance is less than 30mm, the device may come into contact with human ears, causing discomfort. When the distance is greater than 200mm, the stability of the sound field is poor and the effect is not good.
  • the radiation axes of the two speakers both point to the human ear, thus forming an included angle ⁇ and 30° ⁇ 170°. Because the design of the front right speaker 31, the front left speaker 32 and related accessories is left-right symmetrical, next we only introduce the design of the right channel.
  • One end of the right front speaker 31 and the rear conduit 41 are connected and sealed with each other, and the other end of the right rear conduit 41 is opened away from the human ear.
  • the shortest propagation distance of the sound wave from the distal opening of the rear conduit 41 to the human ear is b. When b/a>2, a good bass effect can be obtained; if b/a>8, a near-optimal effect can be obtained.
  • the distance c from the right front speaker 31 to the M point is almost the same as the distance d from the opening of the rear conduit 41 to the M point, so the sound waves radiated from the front and back of the right front speaker 31 still satisfy the cancellation at point M. condition.
  • it needs to be adjusted according to the sound wave characteristics of the opening of the right front speaker 31 and the rear conduit 41 .
  • the sound waves radiated by the right front speaker 31 are relatively large, and the radiation area of the opening of the right front speaker 31 needs to be adjusted. Reducing the opening area and increasing the radiation damping can reduce the sensitivity of the sound waves directly radiated by the right front speaker 31, and achieve the best offset effect of no more than 6dB after the frequency response curve is smoothed by 1/3 octave.
  • FIG. 3 adds a right rear speaker 33 and a left rear speaker 34 on the basis of the embodiment of FIG. 2 .
  • the rear speakers play the same, opposite phase as the sound waves radiated outward from the front speakers.
  • the sound waves at the ports of the rear ducts (41 and 42) will be smaller than the sound waves radiated by the right front speakers (31 and 32).
  • rear speakers (33 and 34). Calculate the difference by measuring the sound waves directly radiated from the right front speakers (31 and 32) and the sound waves radiated from the mouth of the rear conduits (41 and 42). Then, the response characteristics of the rear speakers (33 and 34) are controlled by the controller 50, so that the sound waves reproduced by the rear speakers (33 and 34) are exactly equal to the difference, so as to achieve a better noise reduction effect.
  • Embodiment 4 On the basis of the embodiment of FIG. 3, the embodiment of FIG. 4 cancels the rear conduits (41 and 42), which saves the cost. The sound waves radiated by the front speakers (31 and 32) to the surrounding space are completely cancelled by the rear speakers (33 and 34). This design can achieve most of the functions of Figure 3, but the bass effect will be slightly worse.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种个人音响系统及其应用，其技术方案的要点是包括有外壳，在所述的外壳内分别设有右前扬声器、左前扬声器和控制器，在所述右前扬声器上设有右后导管，所述右后导管的一端开口与所述右前扬声器的一面紧密连结并相互密封，所述右后导管的另一端开口远离人耳，所述右前扬声器与所述左前扬声器对称设置，本发明个人音响系统不需要接触耳朵，不增加使用者的负担，使用舒适。音质效果好，低音丰富。给扬声器增加腔体，会导致谐振频率上升，导致低音变差。但是给扬声器增加导管，可以降低谐振频率，低音更丰富。私密性好，既不打扰别人，也增强沟通私密性。

Description

一种个人音响系统及其应用
【技术领域】
    本发明涉及用于重播音乐的音响设备领域，尤其是可以用于汽车、飞机、高铁等环境作为头枕或者颈枕的个人音响系统。
【背景技术】
现代汽车音响的扬声器大多数都安装在门板里或者中控台上，这种安装方式存在以下一些不足：
1.  声场不居中：由于座位距离两边门板不一样，导致左右扬声器发出的声音传到到人耳的时间和强度不同，因此声场不能居中。
2.  声场难分区：随着社会的发展，越来越多的人希望在车上听到自己喜欢的音乐，或者旁边人听音乐的时候不受打扰，又或者自己通过汽车音响通讯的时候不希望旁边人听到远端通讯方的谈话。目前的汽车音响无法满足这种需求。
3.  成本高：目前市面上中高端的汽车音响，扬声器数量庞大，比如凯迪拉克CT6已经发展到34只，而新一代产品更是到了48只。
耳机虽然可以克服上述大部分不足，但是需要佩戴到人的头上，造成一定程度的不方便，并且耳机挡住了人的耳朵，不便于跟旁边的人沟通。
有一些座椅上面安装有扬声器，可以播放供个人欣赏的音乐。但是这种设计采用的是音箱的设计思路，由于座椅能安装的扬声器和箱体容积小，导致低音效果很差，达不到高品质音乐重放的要求。
【发明内容】
本发明目的是克服了现有技术的不足，提供一种可以安装在座椅上的头枕或者佩戴在人的肩膀上的颈枕的个人音响系统。
由于扬声器正面和背面辐射的声波幅度相同、相位相反，因此在没有任何阻挡的情况下，正反面辐射的声波相互抵消，导致低音很差，这就是声短路。为了阻止声短路，改善低音，必须设法阻止扬声器正面与背面的声波辐射到同一个空间。音箱的腔体就是把扬声器背面的声波限定在一个独立空间内，但是增加的这个腔体会导致扬声器最低谐振频率升高，低音变差。本发明将采用一种全新的设计思路阻止或减弱声短路的影响。
声波有一个特性是在自由场空间传播距离每增加一倍，幅度衰减一半(6dB)。因此如果扬声器与听音位置可以保持相对稳定的时候，我们可以通过一根导管把扬声器其中一面的声波送到一个较远的距离，另外一面在耳朵附近。这样远端的声波在自由场空间再传播回到耳朵的时候幅度就远远小于近端的声波，从而取得不错的低音效果。尤其当自由场空间传播距离差不小于8倍的时候，抵消的幅度小于1dB，可以等效认为没有相互抵消。而且给扬声器增加管道，可以降低扬声器的最低谐振频率，改善低音。
但是对于远处(距离大于500mm)的人来说，扬声器正面和背面的声波的传播距离却几乎相同，依然处于幅度相近、相位相反的状态，可以实现相互抵消，进而减弱远处的人被干扰。通过这种方式可以实现高品质私密声音重播。
由于该设备不需要罩住使用者的耳朵，因此并不会妨碍使用者与人沟通或者听到外面的有用声音。并且无论是安装在座椅上还是佩戴在肩膀上，都大大减轻了使用者的负担。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种个人音响系统，其特征在于：包括有外壳10，在所述的外壳10内分别设有右前扬声器31、左前扬声器32和控制器50；在所述右前扬声器31上设有右后导管41，所述右后导管41的一端开口与所述右前扬声器31的一面紧密连结并相互密封，所述右后导管41的另一端开口远离人耳；在所述左前扬声器32上设有左后导管42，所述左后导管42的一端开口与所述左前扬声器32的一面紧密连结并相互密封，所述左后导管42的另一端开口远离人耳。
如上所述的个人音响系统，其特征在于：在所述右前扬声器31上设有右前导管43，所述右前导管43的一端开口与所述右前扬声器31的另一面紧密连结并相互密封，所述右前导管43的另一端开口靠近使用者的耳朵；在所述左前扬声器32上设有左前导管44，所述左前导管44的一端开口与所述左前扬声器32的一面紧密连结并相互密封，所述左前导管44的另一端开口靠近使用者的耳朵。
如上所述的个人音响系统，其特征在于：所述右前扬声器31与所述左前扬声器32结构相同且对称设置，所述左前导管44和所述右前导管43结构相同且对称设置，所述右前导管43距离耳道口的距离a介于30mm到200mm之间，所述右后导管41远端辐射到空气中再传递到人耳的距离为b，b/a>2。
如上所述的个人音响系统，其特征在于：b/a>8；所述右前导管43和所述右后导管41的截面积误差不超过10%，长度也误差不超过10%。
如上所述的个人音响系统，其特征在于：所述右前扬声器31与所述左前扬声器32结构相同且对称设置，所述右后导管41和所述左后导管42结构相同且对称设置，所述右前扬声器31与所述左前扬声器32的辐射轴线分别指向人的两只耳朵，两条轴线的夹角θ介于30°到170°之间，所述右前扬声器31正面辐射的声波传递到各自指向的耳朵的距离a介于30mm到200mm之间，所述右后导管41远端辐射到空气中再传递到人耳的距离为b，b/a>2。
如上所述的个人音响系统，其特征在于：b/a>8。
如上所述的个人音响系统，其特征在于：所述右前扬声器31与所述左前扬声器32结构相同且对称设置，在所述外壳10内对称设有右后扬声器33、左后扬声器34，所述右后扬声器33反向设在所述右前扬声器31的后方，所述左后扬声器34反向设置在所述左前扬声器32的后方。
一种如上所述个人音响系统的应用，其特征在于：所述个人音响系统安装于座椅的头枕内。
一种如上所述个人音响系统的应用，其特征在于：所述个人音响系统安装于颈枕内。
与现有技术相比，本发明有如下优点：
   1.   本发明个人音响系统不需要接触耳朵，不增加使用者的负担，使用舒适。
   2.   本发明个人音响系统音质效果好，低音丰富。给扬声器增加腔体，会导致谐振频率上升，导致低音变差。但是给扬声器增加导管，可以降低谐振频率，低音更丰富。
   3.   本发明个人音响系统左右对称性好，音场自然。
   4.   本发明个人音响系统私密性好，既不打扰别人，也增强沟通私密性。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明实施例一的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例二的结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例三的结构示意图；
图4是本发明实施例四的结构示意图。
图中：10为外壳，31为右前扬声器，32为左前扬声器，50为控制器，41为右后导管，43为右前导管，33为右后扬声器，34为左后扬声器。44为左前导管、42为左后导管。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合附图对本发明技术特征作进一步详细说明以便于所述领域技术人员能够理解。
本专利请求保护个人音响系统，尤其是指该音响系统的机械结构。该个人音响系统包括有外壳10，在所述的外壳10内分别设有右前扬声器31、左前扬声器32和控制器50，控制器50用于控制扬声器，右前扬声器31和左前扬声器32对称设置。所述个人音响系统可以安装于座椅的头枕内，也可以安装于颈枕内佩戴在肩上。
本专利包括至少以下四种实施例。
实施例一：如图1所示，一种个人音响系统，包括外壳10，控制器50，在外壳10内，设置有左前扬声器32和右前扬声器31分别对应左右两只耳朵。为了描述方便，下面我们只介绍右边通道的设计，左边跟右边的设计方式一样。在右前扬声器31的一面设置有右前导管43，右前导管43与右前扬声器31紧密连结并相互密封。右前导管43的另外一端靠近耳朵，距离耳道口a满足条件30mm≤a≤200mm，在不影响人正常使用的条件下距离a越小声音越好。右前扬声器31的另外一面与右后导管41紧密连结并相互密封，右后导管41的另外一端远离人耳，距离人耳的声波最短传播距离为b满足条件b/a>2。当b/a>8的时候，人耳听到的声音效果接近最佳。
远处M点距离使用者的距离通常大于500mm，因此右前导管43和右后导管41的末端到M点的距离差c/d<1。由于右前扬声器31正面和反面发出的声波本身是幅度相同、相位相反的，因此传播到M点的时候，可以相互抵消，从而减弱M点的人听到的声音。为了实现最好的消音效果，其中一个较好的方式使右前导管43和右后导管41拥有相近的截面积和长度，误差不超过10%。
如果右前导管43和右后导管41不能设计成相近的尺寸，则可以通过测量导管口的声波特性，通过调整实现精确消音。当右前导管43的设计定下来之后，测量右后导管41管口的声波。如果右后导管41管口的声波幅度大于右前导管43管口的声波，可以减小右后导管41截面积或者加大右后导管41的长度。反之则加大右后导管41截面积或者缩短其长度，调整直到两个导管口的声波频响曲线经过1/3倍频程平滑之后差异不大于6dB。
实施例二：上述实施例的右前导管43和右后导管41的尺寸都可以根据要求分别设置，当前导管缩短至完全没有的时候，就变成了图2的实施例。一种主动降噪设备，包含外壳10和控制器50，右前扬声器31和左前扬声器32。为了减轻对使用者的影响，右前扬声器31和左前扬声器32位于人耳的后面或者下面，距离人耳耳道口的距离a且30mm≤a≤200mm。该距离小于30mm时，设备会有机会接触到人耳，造成不舒适。当该距离大于200mm时，声场稳定性差，效果不好。
两只扬声器的辐射轴线都指向人耳，因此形成夹角θ且30°<θ<170°。因为右前扬声器31和左前扬声器32及相关配件的设计是左右对称的，接下来我们只介绍右边通道的设计。右前扬声器31与后导管41一端连结并相互密封，右后导管41另外一端开口远离人耳。后导管41的远端开口距离人耳的声波最短传播距离为b，当b/a>2时，即可以获得良好的低音效果；如果b/a>8,可以获得接近最佳效果。
对于远端M点的人来说，右前扬声器31距离M的距离c与后导管41的开口距离M点的距离d几乎相同，因此右前扬声器31正面和反面辐射的声波在M点依然满足抵消的条件。为了达到最佳的消音效果，需要根据右前扬声器31和后导管41开口的声波特性调整。通常右前扬声器31辐射的声波会比较大，需要调整右前扬声器31开口的辐射面积。减小开口面积、增加辐射阻尼，可以降低右前扬声器31直接辐射的声波灵敏度，达到频率响应曲线经过1/3倍频程平滑之后相差不超过6dB的最佳抵消效果。
实施三：图3是在图2实施例的基础上增加右后扬声器33和左后扬声器34。后扬声器播放跟前扬声器向外辐射的声波相同、相位相反。
由于右前扬声器31和左前扬声器32的背后分别增加了右后导管41和左后导管42，会造成后导管(41和42)口的声波小于右前扬声器(31和32)辐射的声波，因此增加设置后扬声器(33和34)。通过测量右前扬声器(31和32)直接辐射的声波和后导管(41和42)口辐射的声波，计算差值。然后通过控制器50控制后扬声器(33和34)的响应特性，让后扬声器(33和34)重放的声波刚好等于差值，实现更好的消音效果。
实施例四：图4的实施例在图3的实施例基础上取消了后导管(41和42)，节约了成本。完全依靠后扬声器(33和34)抵消前扬声器(31和32)向周围空间辐射的声波。这种设计可以实现图3的大部分功能，但是低音效果会稍微差一点。
本发明所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行的描述，并非对发明构思和范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计思想的前提下，本领域中工程技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变型和改进，均应落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种个人音响系统，其特征在于：包括有外壳（10），在所述的外壳（10）内分别设有右前扬声器（31）、左前扬声器（32）和控制器（50）；在所述右前扬声器（31）上设有右后导管（41），所述右后导管（41）的一端开口与所述右前扬声器（31）的一面紧密连结并相互密封，所述右后导管（41）的另一端开口远离人耳；在所述左前扬声器（32）上设有左后导管（42），所述左后导管（42）的一端开口与所述左前扬声器（32）的一面紧密连结并相互密封，所述左后导管（42）的另一端开口远离人耳。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的个人音响系统，其特征在于：在所述右前扬声器（31）上设有右前导管（43），所述右前导管（43）的一端开口与所述右前扬声器（31）的另一面紧密连结并相互密封，所述右前导管（43）的另一端开口靠近使用者的耳朵；在所述左前扬声器（32）上设有左前导管（44），所述左前导管（44）的一端开口与所述左前扬声器（32）的一面紧密连结并相互密封，所述左前导管（44）的另一端开口靠近使用者的耳朵。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的个人音响系统，其特征在于：所述右前扬声器（31）与所述左前扬声器（32）结构相同且对称设置，所述左前导管（44）和所述右前导管（43）结构相同且对称设置，所述右前导管（43）距离耳道口的距离a介于30mm到200mm之间，所述右后导管（41）远端辐射到空气中再传递到人耳的距离为b，b/a>2。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的个人音响系统，其特征在于：b/a>8；所述右前导管（43）和所述右后导管（41）的截面积误差不超过10%，长度也误差不超过10%。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的个人音响系统，其特征在于：所述右前扬声器（31）与所述左前扬声器（32）结构相同且对称设置，所述右后导管（41）和所述左后导管（42）结构相同且对称设置，所述右前扬声器（31）与所述左前扬声器（32）的辐射轴线分别指向人的两只耳朵，两条轴线的夹角θ介于30°到170°之间，所述右前扬声器（31）正面辐射的声波传递到各自指向的耳朵的距离a介于30mm到200mm之间，所述右后导管（41）远端辐射到空气中再传递到人耳的距离为b，b/a>2。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的个人音响系统，其特征在于：b/a>8。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的个人音响系统，其特征在于：所述右前扬声器（31）与所述左前扬声器（32）结构相同且对称设置，在所述外壳（10）内对称设有右后扬声器（33）、左后扬声器（34），所述右后扬声器（33）反向设在所述右前扬声器（31）的后方，所述左后扬声器（34）反向设置在所述左前扬声器（32）的后方。
  8. 一种根据权利要求1至7任一项所述个人音响系统的应用，其特征在于：所述个人音响系统安装于座椅的头枕内。
  9. 一种根据权利要求1至7任一项所述个人音响系统的应用，其特征在于：所述个人音响系统安装于颈枕内。
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