WO2021120332A1 - 耳机 - Google Patents

耳机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021120332A1
WO2021120332A1 PCT/CN2019/130466 CN2019130466W WO2021120332A1 WO 2021120332 A1 WO2021120332 A1 WO 2021120332A1 CN 2019130466 W CN2019130466 W CN 2019130466W WO 2021120332 A1 WO2021120332 A1 WO 2021120332A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
earphone
sound hole
partition
resonant cavity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/130466
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张�杰
赵忠旭
郭在康
Original Assignee
歌尔股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 歌尔股份有限公司 filed Critical 歌尔股份有限公司
Publication of WO2021120332A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021120332A1/zh
Priority to US17/451,588 priority Critical patent/US11736846B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1008—Earpieces of the supra-aural or circum-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/105—Earpiece supports, e.g. ear hooks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1091—Details not provided for in groups H04R1/1008 - H04R1/1083
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
    • H04R1/347—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers for obtaining a phase-shift between the front and back acoustic wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/033—Headphones for stereophonic communication
    • H04R5/0335—Earpiece support, e.g. headbands or neckrests
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2420/00—Details of connection covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
    • H04R2420/07—Applications of wireless loudspeakers or wireless microphones

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of earphone technology, and in particular to an earphone.
  • earphones can bring people to enjoy their own personal time at any time, so there is more and more demand for earphones, and the current earphones require users to insert the earpiece of the earphone into the human ear, which is easy to cause when worn for a long time. Discomfort such as ear bulging and ear pressing.
  • the earphone includes:
  • An earphone housing the earphone housing is provided with a first sound hole and a second sound hole, and the earphone housing is provided with a resonant cavity communicating the first sound hole and the second sound hole;
  • a speaker the speaker is arranged in the resonant cavity, the speaker includes a first sound-emitting surface corresponding to the first sound hole, the speaker further includes a second sound-emitting surface facing away from the first sound-emitting surface, so The sound emitted by the second sound emitting surface is transmitted to the second sound hole through the resonant cavity.
  • the equivalent diameter of the resonant cavity is R, then L>10R.
  • the earphone includes a partition, the partition is disposed inside the earphone housing, and the partition and the inner wall of the earphone housing are surrounded to form the resonant cavity.
  • the partition includes a first partition and a second partition, and a connecting part connected to the first partition and the second partition, the first partition and the second partition , The connecting portion and the inner wall of the earphone housing are surrounded to form the resonant cavity;
  • the first partition is arranged adjacent to the first sound hole, and the second partition is arranged adjacent to the second sound hole.
  • the first sound hole and the second sound hole are provided on the upper surface of the earphone housing, and the connecting portion includes a first connecting section connected to the first partition, and The second connecting section connected to the second partition, the first partition and the first connecting section form an installation space for accommodating the loudspeaker.
  • the distance between the first connecting section and the inner top wall of the earphone housing is greater than the distance between the second connecting section and the inner top wall of the earphone housing.
  • the length of the second connecting section is greater than the length of the first connecting section.
  • the earphone housing includes an arc-shaped housing body and a mounting section extending from the housing body to two ends respectively, and the first sound hole and the second sound hole are opened in the mounting section ,
  • the resonant cavity is arranged in the installation section.
  • the first sound hole is provided at a position where the mounting section is close to the housing body, and the second sound hole is provided at a position where the mounting section is away from the housing body.
  • the earphone is worn on the neck of the user, that is, the earphone is hung on the neck of the user without direct contact with the human ear; a first sound hole and a second sound hole are opened on the surface of the earphone shell , There is a communicating resonant cavity between the first sound hole and the second sound hole.
  • the sound from the first sound hole and the second sound hole are superimposed and transmitted to the user’s ears. Avoid inserting the earphone into the human ear. Even if the user wears it for a long time, it will not cause discomfort such as ear bulging and ear pressing.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the headset of this application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a headset of this application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the loudspeaker in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the enhancement zone and the attenuation zone formed when the user wears the earphone in this application;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the voice received by the applicant and the third party
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the directivity of the voice received by the user and the third party in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the spectrum response curve of the voice received by the user and the third party in FIG. 5;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the installation space in Fig. 2.
  • the terms “connected”, “fixed”, etc. should be understood in a broad sense.
  • “fixed” can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or a whole; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be an internal communication between two components or an interaction relationship between two components, unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • “fixed” can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or a whole; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be an internal communication between two components or an interaction relationship between two components, unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • an earphone proposed in this application includes: an earphone housing 10 and a speaker 20.
  • the surface of the earphone shell 10 is provided with a first sound hole 110 and a second sound hole 120.
  • the earphone shell 10 is provided with a resonant cavity 13 connecting the first sound hole 110 and the second sound hole 120; At this time, the earphone shell 10 is usually hung on the neck of the user, and various electronic components, such as a circuit board, and a battery connected to the circuit board, are arranged in the earphone shell 10.
  • the opening shapes of the first sound hole 11 and the second sound hole 12 have a variety of choices, for example, round, oval, square, or strip shape, etc.
  • the main sound hole 110 and the second sound hole 120 are The function is to ensure that the sound emitted by the speaker 20 can be transmitted.
  • the earphone housing 10 is also provided with a resonant cavity 13 connecting the first sound hole 110 and the second sound hole 120.
  • the resonant cavity 13 is also called a resonant cavity.
  • the sound emitted by the speaker 20 propagates in the resonant cavity and passes through the first sound hole.
  • the second sound hole 120 came out.
  • the propagation distance of the sound in the resonant cavity 13 can be controlled, so that the first sound hole 110 and the second sound hole 120 have a phase difference, thereby further ensuring that the user can enhance the sound while enjoying music , Or weaken the sound in other locations.
  • the speaker 20 is disposed in the resonant cavity 13, and the speaker 20 is disposed corresponding to the first sound hole 110; for example, the speaker 20 can be glued and disposed in the resonant cavity 13, or welded and disposed in the resonant cavity 13.
  • the speaker 20 includes a first sounding surface 21 corresponding to the first sound hole 110.
  • the speaker 20 also includes a second sounding surface 22 facing away from the first sounding surface 21. The sound emitted by the second sounding surface 22 is transmitted to the second sounding surface through the resonant cavity 13 Sound hole 120.
  • the loudspeaker 20 is arranged corresponding to the first sound hole 110, which can be understood as that the first sound emitting surface 21 of the loudspeaker 20 is arranged directly opposite to the first sound hole 110.
  • the earphone is worn on the neck of the user, that is, the earphone is hung on the neck of the user.
  • the surface of the earphone housing 10 is provided with a first sound hole 110 and a second sound hole 120, wherein, The first sound hole 110 and the second sound hole 120 are open sound holes.
  • the sound hole of the earphone is directly inserted into the human ear, which can avoid discomfort such as ear bulging and ear pressing.
  • a speaker 20 capable of transmitting sound in two directions is arranged at the corresponding position of the first sound hole 110, and the first sound emitting surface 21 of the speaker 20 emits The sound is transmitted through the first sound hole 110, and the sound emitted by the second sound surface 22 of the speaker 20 is conducted through the resonant cavity 13, and is transmitted through the second sound hole 120.
  • the sound is transmitted to the user's ear after being superimposed, thereby avoiding the earphone being inserted into the human ear, and even if the user wears it for a long time, it will not cause discomfort such as ear bulging and ear pressing.
  • the cavity length of the resonant cavity 13 is the same as the distance between the first sound hole 110 and the second sound hole 120, that is, the first sound hole 110 and the second sound hole 120
  • the distance between 120 is the propagation distance of the sound wave in the resonant cavity 13.
  • the cavity length L is the propagation distance of the sound wave in the resonant cavity 13.
  • the resonant cavity 13 is arranged in a strip shape
  • the first sound hole 110 and the second sound hole 120 are separated from the human ear by a certain distance, in order to ensure that the human ear can receive clear sound, it is necessary to use
  • the sounds emitted by the first sound hole 110 and the second sound hole 120 are superimposed on each other in amplitude, and at the same time, it is necessary to reduce the size of the sound received by people around the user, or make it impossible for people near the user to hear the sound from the earphone clearly.
  • the calculated sound intensity I received by the user is
  • A is a constant
  • c 0 is the speed of sound
  • p 0 is the density of the medium transmitting sound waves
  • r is the distance between the user and the midpoint of the line connecting the first sound hole 110 and the second sound hole 120
  • the angle ⁇ is the user and the first sound
  • the angle formed by the hole 110 and the second sound hole 120, the angle ⁇ ranges from 0° to 360°
  • k ⁇ /c 0
  • ⁇ is the frequency of the sound wave.
  • the sound received by the user 40 from the earphone has an attenuation area and an enhancement area.
  • the user 40 is directly in front of the enhancement area, and the ears of the user 40 are also in the enhancement area, thereby ensuring that the user 40 can clearly understand The sound played in the headset is heard.
  • the cavity length of the resonant cavity 13 satisfies the above formula, the first acoustic hole 110 and the second acoustic hole 120 have a phase difference, and the first acoustic hole 110 and the second acoustic hole 110 have a phase difference.
  • the sounds emitted by the two sound holes 120 can cancel each other out, ensuring that the third party 50 at the side of the user 40 cannot hear the sounds clearly, effectively protecting the user's personal privacy.
  • the resonant cavity 13 can also be in a bent shape. According to design requirements, sometimes the length of the resonant cavity 13 is longer, in order to ensure that the distance between the first acoustic hole 110 and the second acoustic hole 120 remains unchanged. By designing the resonant cavity 13 to bend, the cavity length of the resonant cavity 13 can be increased.
  • the low frequency range of sound is generally 20 ⁇ 200HZ. That is to say, through the length of the resonant cavity 13, the sound emitted in the first sound hole 110 and the second sound hole 120 is oriented near the human ear to achieve low-frequency superposition, so that the human ear hears the sound more clearly and improves the listening sound Quality.
  • the third party 50 of the user 40 can offset low-frequency sound in a targeted manner, and reduce the volume of the sound received by the third party 50, so that the third party 50 cannot hear clearly or hear the sound from the earphone, thereby protecting the privacy of the user.
  • the equivalent diameter of the resonant cavity 13 is R, then L>10R.
  • the equivalent diameter R refers to an irregular shape object with the same circular diameter as its cross-sectional area.
  • the earphone includes a partition (not labeled), the partition is disposed inside the earphone housing 10, and the partition and the inner wall of the earphone housing 10 are surrounded to form a resonant cavity 13.
  • a partition space (not labeled) is provided inside the earphone housing 10, and the partition is provided inside the earphone housing 10, and the partition is separated by the partition.
  • the partition and the inner wall of the earphone housing 10 form a resonant cavity 13 .
  • the shape of the resonant cavity 13 can be completed by setting the shape of the partition as required.
  • the material of the earphone shell 10 may be a plastic tube or a metal tube, or a wooden tube.
  • the partition can be a plastic tube or a metal tube, or a wooden tube.
  • the partition includes a first partition 31 and a second partition 32, and a connecting part (not labeled) connected to the first partition 31 and the second partition 32.
  • the first partition portion 31, the second partition portion 32, the connecting portion and the inner wall of the earphone housing 10 are surrounded to form a resonant cavity 13.
  • the first partition 31 is disposed adjacent to the first sound hole 110
  • the second partition 32 is disposed adjacent to the second sound hole 120.
  • the connecting portion includes a first connecting section 33 connected to the first partition 31 and a second partition.
  • the second connecting section 34 connected by 32, the first partition 31 and the first connecting section 33 form an installation space 131 for accommodating the loudspeaker.
  • the speaker 20 when the speaker 20 is installed in the earphone housing 10, the speaker 20 generally occupies a certain space. Therefore, it is necessary to open an installation space 131 inside the earphone housing 10 and install the speaker 20 in the installation space 131.
  • the distance between the first connecting section 33 and the inner top wall of the earphone housing 10 is greater than the distance between the second connecting section 34 and the inner top wall of the earphone housing 10. It can be understood that the position of the first connecting section 33 from the inner top wall of the earphone housing 10 is greater, that is, the installation space 131 has a larger installation volume, so as to further meet the installation requirements of the speaker 20.
  • the second connecting section 34 is closer to the inner top wall of the earphone housing 10, and the cavity cross-sectional area of the resonant cavity 13 formed is smaller, that is, to prevent the equivalent diameter of the resonant cavity 13 from being too large, and to ensure The sound is effectively transmitted in the resonant cavity 13.
  • the length of the second connecting section 34 is greater than the length of the first connecting section 33. Specifically, the sound emitted by the second sound-emitting surface 22 of the speaker 20 is transmitted through the resonant cavity 13.
  • the cavity length of the cavity 13 further increases the propagation distance of the sound in the resonant cavity 13, thereby causing a phase difference between the sound emitted by the first sound hole 110 and the sound emitted by the second sound hole 120 to ensure that the user's ear position can be Create enhanced areas.
  • the earphone housing 10 includes an arc-shaped housing body 11 and a mounting section 12 extending from the housing body 11 to two ends respectively.
  • the first sound hole 110 and the second sound hole 120 are opened in the mounting section 12 .
  • the resonant cavity 13 is provided in the mounting section 12.
  • the headphone housing 10 includes a shell body 11 arranged in an arc shape. The shell body 11 is hung on the neck of the user to more conform to the human body design.
  • the installation section 12 extending from the shell body 11, the installation contact range between the earphone and the user is enlarged, and the user can wear it more firmly. Furthermore, the first sound hole 110, the second sound hole 120 and the resonant cavity 13 are all provided in the installation section 12, that is, the installation section 12 provides sufficient installation space.
  • first sound hole 110 is arranged at a position of the mounting section 12 close to the housing body 11
  • second sound hole 120 is arranged at a position of the mounting section 12 away from the housing body 11.
  • the first sound hole 110 is closer to the user's ear position, and the second sound hole 120 is located at the front position facing the user.
  • the position is set through the first sound hole 110 and the second sound hole 120. , Forming an enhanced area where sound is superimposed and a weakened area where sound cancels out directly in front of the user and the ear position.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Headphones And Earphones (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种耳机，所述耳机包括：耳机壳体、第一声孔、第二声孔和扬声器，所述耳机壳体表面开设有第一声孔和第二声孔，所述耳机壳体内部设置有连通所述第一声孔和所述第二声孔的谐振腔；所述扬声器设置于所述谐振腔内，且所述扬声器对应所述第一声孔设置；所述扬声器包括对应所述第一声孔的第一发声面，所述扬声器还包括背向所述第一发声面的第二发声面，所述第二发声面发出的声音经所述谐振腔传递至所述第二声孔。本申请的技术方案能够使用户长时间佩戴，也不会引起的胀耳、压耳等不适感。

Description

耳机
本申请要求于2019年12月20日提交中国专利局、申请号为201911342016.x、发明名称为“耳机”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及耳机技术领域，尤其涉及一种耳机。
背景技术
如今在繁忙的工作，耳机能够带使给人们随时享受属于自己的个人时光，因此对耳机的需求越来越多，而目前的耳机均需要用户将耳机的听筒插入人耳，长时间佩戴易引起的胀耳、压耳等不适感。
上述内容仅用于辅助理解本申请的技术方案，并不代表承认上述内容是现有技术。
发明内容
基于此，针对现有耳机均需要用户将耳机的听筒插入人耳，在长时间佩戴情况下，易引起的胀耳、压耳等不适感的问题，有必要提供一种耳机，能够使用户长时间佩戴，也不会引起的胀耳、压耳等不适感。
为实现上述目的，本申请提出的一种耳机，所述耳机包括：
耳机壳体，所述耳机壳体开设有第一声孔和第二声孔，所述耳机壳体内部设有连通所述第一声孔和所述第二声孔的谐振腔；和
扬声器，所述扬声器设置于所述谐振腔内，所述扬声器包括对应所述第一声孔的第一发声面，所述扬声器还包括背向所述第一发声面的第二发声面，所述第二发声面发出的声音经所述谐振腔传递至所述第二声孔。
可选地，所述谐振腔的腔长距离L满足：L＝(1+2k)*85/f，其中，k为整数，f为消声频率上限。
可选地，所述谐振腔的等效直径为R，则L＞10R。
可选地，所述耳机包括分隔件，所述分隔件设置于所述耳机壳体内部，所述分隔件和所述耳机壳体内壁围设形成所述谐振腔。
可选地，所述分隔件包括第一分隔部和第二分隔部，以及连接于所述第一分隔部和所述第二分隔部的连接部，第一分隔部、所述第二分隔部、所述连接部与所述耳机壳体内壁围设形成所述谐振腔；
所述第一分隔部邻接于所述第一声孔设置，所述第二分隔部邻接于所述第二声孔设置。
可选地，所述第一声孔和所述第二声孔设置于所述耳机壳体的上表面，所述连接部包括与所述第一分隔部连接的第一连接段，以及与所述第二分隔部连接的第二连接段，所述第一分隔部和所述第一连接段形成容放所述扬声器的安装空间。
可选地，所述第一连接段和所述耳机壳体内顶壁距离大于所述第二连接段和所述耳机壳体内顶壁距离。
可选地，所述第二连接段的长度大于所述第一连接段的长度。
可选地，所述耳机壳体包括呈弧形设置壳本体和自所述壳本体分别向两端延伸的安装段，所述第一声孔和所述第二声孔开设于所述安装段，所述谐振腔设于所述安装段。
可选地，所述第一声孔设于所述安装段靠近所述壳本体的位置，所述第二声孔设于所述安装段远离所述壳本体的位置。
本申请提出的技术方案中，将耳机佩戴在用户的颈部位置，即耳机于用户颈部位置悬挂，无需与人耳直接接触；在耳机壳体表面开设有第一声孔和第二声孔，第一声孔和第二声孔之间具有连通的谐振腔，通过在第一声孔对应位置设置能够向两个方向传声的扬声器，扬声器第一发声面发出的声音通过第一声孔传出，扬声器第二发声面发出的声音通过谐振腔的传导，经过第二声孔传出，第一声孔和第二声孔传出的声音经过叠加后向用户耳中传递，由此能够避免使耳机插入人耳中，即使用户长时间佩戴，也不会引起的胀耳、压耳等不适感存在。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一部分附图，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请耳机中部分剖面结构示意图；
图2为本申请耳机一实施例的结构示意图；
图3为图1中扬声器的结构示意图；
图4为本申请中用户佩戴耳机时形成的增强区和衰减区示意图；
图5为本申请用户和第三方接听声音示意图；
图6为图5中用户和第三方接听声音的指向性示意图；
图7为图5中用户和第三方接听声音的频谱响应曲线示意图；
图8为图2中安装空间的结构示意图。
附图标号说明：
标号 名称 标号 名称
10 耳机壳体 21 第一发声面
11 壳本体 22 第二发声面
12 安装段 31 第一分隔部
13 谐振腔 32 第二分隔部
131 安装空间 33 第一连接段
110 第一声孔 34 第二连接段
120 第二声孔 40 用户
20 扬声器 50 第三方
本申请目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动 前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明，本申请实施例中所有方向性指示仅用于解释在某一特定姿态下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，在本申请中如涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”、“固定”等应做广义理解，例如，“固定”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
另外，本申请各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本申请要求的保护范围之内。
请参阅图1至图3所示，本申请提出的一种耳机，包括：耳机壳体10和扬声器20。
耳机壳体10表面开设有第一声孔110和第二声孔120，耳机壳体10内部设置有连通第一声孔110和第二声孔120的谐振腔13；用户在使用耳机享受音乐的时，耳机壳体10通常挂设于用户颈部位置，在耳机壳体10内设有各种电子元器件，比如电路板，以及和电路板连接的电池等。
其中，第一声孔11和第二声孔12的开孔形状有多种选择，例如，圆形、椭圆形、方形或者长条形等，第一声孔110和第二声孔120的主要作用是保证扬声器20发射出的声音能够传播出。另外，耳机壳体10内还开设有连通第一 声孔110和第二声孔120的谐振腔13，谐振腔13也称呼为共振腔，扬声器20发出的声音在共振腔内传播，并经过第二声孔120传出。通过设计谐振腔13的长度，能够控制声音在谐振腔13内的传播距离，使第一声孔110和第二声孔120产生相位差，以此进一步保证用户在享受音乐时能够使声音得到加强，或者使其他位置声音减弱。
扬声器20设置于谐振腔13内，且扬声器20对应第一声孔110设置；例如，扬声器20可粘贴设置于谐振腔13内，或者焊接设置于谐振腔13内。扬声器20包括对应第一声孔110的第一发声面21，扬声器20还包括背向第一发声面21的第二发声面22，第二发声面22发出的声音经谐振腔13传递至第二声孔120。另外，扬声器20对应第一声孔110设置，可以理解为，扬声器20的第一发声面21正对第一声孔110设置。
本实施例提出的技术方案中，将耳机佩戴在用户的颈部位置，即耳机于用户颈部位置悬挂，在耳机壳体10表面开设有第一声孔110和第二声孔120，其中，第一声孔110和第二声孔120是开放式的声孔，相对于相关技术中，耳机的声孔是直接插入于人耳中，能够避免引起的胀耳、压耳等不适感。第一声孔110和第二声孔120之间具有连通的谐振腔13，通过在第一声孔110对应位置设置能够向两个方向传声的扬声器20，扬声器20第一发声面21发出的声音通过第一声孔110传出，扬声器20第二发声面22发出的声音通过谐振腔13的传导，经过第二声孔120传出，第一声孔110和第二声孔120传出的声音经过叠加后向用户耳中传递，由此能够避免使耳机插入人耳中，即使用户长时间佩戴，也不会引起的胀耳、压耳等不适感存在。
进一步地，谐振腔13的腔长距离L满足：L＝(1+2k)*85/f，其中，k为整数，f为消声频率上限。当谐振腔13的形状结构为条状设置，谐振腔13的腔长与第一声孔110和第二声孔120之间的距离相同，也就说，第一声孔110和第二声孔120之间的距离为声波在谐振腔13内的传播距离。当谐振腔13的弯折型腔体时，腔长L为声波在谐振腔13内的传播距离。例如，当谐振腔13为条状设置时，用户在使用耳机过程中，由于第一声孔110和第二声孔120距离人耳间隔一定距离，为了保证人耳能够接收到清楚的声音，需要使第一声孔110和第二声孔120传出的声音在振幅上相互叠加，同时需要降低用户周边的人接收到声音大小，或者使用户附近的人无法听清楚耳机发出的声音。具体地，如图4 和5所示，依据谐振腔13的腔长L，计算得到的用户接收到的声音强度I为
Figure PCTCN2019130466-appb-000001
其中，A为常数，c 0是声速，p 0为传递声波的介质密度，r为用户与第一声孔110和第二声孔120连线中点的距离，θ角为用户与第一声孔110和第二声孔120形成的角度，θ角的角度范围在0°到360°之间，k＝ω/c 0，ω为声波频率，通过上述公式，可以计算得出用户听到声音的指向性为∞形状，如图6所示，用户在佩戴耳机接听声音时，声音的指向性形状。用户耳朵的位置处在声音的增强区内。
在用户40附近的第三方50，用户40接收到耳机发出的声音具有衰减区和增强区，用户40的正前方属于增强区，用户40耳朵也在增强区内，由此能够保证用户40能够清楚听到耳机中播放的声音。另外，在第三方50的位置，也就是用户40的侧面，谐振腔13的腔长的距离满足上述公式，第一声孔110和第二声孔120具有相位差，第一声孔110和第二声孔120发出的声音能够相互抵消掉，保证用户40侧面位置的第三方50无法听清楚声音，有效保护用户的个人隐私。
另外，谐振腔13还可为弯折的形状，根据设计的需要，有时谐振腔13的长度较长，为了在保证第一声孔110和第二声孔120之间的距离不变的情况下，通过对谐振腔13进行弯折设计，以此来增加谐振腔13的腔长。
参见图7所示，在使用耳机时，对比用户40和第三方50在声音低频段的对声音的响应度，可见，用户40在低频的响度更高，而且，人耳在低频段是人能够接听声音的主要范围。声音的低频段范围一般在20～200HZ。即是说，通过谐振腔13的长度，在第一声孔110和第二声孔120发出的声音，定向在人耳附近实现低频段叠加，使人耳接听的声音更加清晰，以改善接听声音的品质。另外还能够在用户40的第三方50位置，定向实现低频声音抵消，降低第三方50接听的声音音量，使第三方50无法听清或听不见耳机发出的声音，进而保护用户的隐私。
进一步地，谐振腔13的等效直径为R，则L＞10R。等效直径为R是指不规则的外形物体，与其截面积相同的圆形直径。在确定得出第一声孔110至第二声孔120之间的距离L后，依据距离L得出等效直径R＜L/10，由此，避免谐振 腔13的等效直径R过大，以此保证传递声音的质量。
在其中一实施例中，耳机包括分隔件(未标示)，分隔件设置于耳机壳体10内部，分隔件和耳机壳体10内壁围设形成谐振腔13。具体地，在耳机壳体10内部设置有分隔空间(未标示)，分隔件设置于耳机壳体10内部，通过分隔件将分隔空间分隔开，分隔件和耳机壳体10内壁形成谐振腔13。其中谐振腔13的形状可以依据需要通过设定分隔件形状完成。所述耳机壳体10的材质可以是塑质管或者是金属管，也还可以是木质管，同样地，为了保证声音的传递质量，保证分隔件的材质与耳机壳体10的材质相同，即分隔件可以为塑质管或者是金属管，也还可以是木质管。
进一步地，分隔件包括第一分隔部31和第二分隔部32，以及连接于第一分隔部31和第二分隔部32的连接部(未标示)。第一分隔部31、第二分隔部32、连接部与耳机壳体10内壁围设形成谐振腔13。
第一分隔部31邻接于第一声孔110设置，第二分隔部32邻接于第二声孔120设置。通过设置分隔件中第一分隔部31和第二分隔部32对应第一声孔110和第二声孔120的位置，保证第一声孔110和第二声孔120对应在谐振腔13以内，进而保证扬声器20发出的声音能够准确通过第一声孔110和第二声孔120传递出。
参见图8所示，第一声孔110和第二声孔120设置于耳机壳体10的上表面，连接部包括与第一分隔部31连接的第一连接段33，以及与第二分隔部32连接的第二连接段34，第一分隔部31和第一连接段33形成容放扬声器的安装空间131。通常来说，扬声器20设置在耳机壳体10中时，一般扬声器20占据一定的空间，为此，需要在耳机壳体10内部开设安装空间131，将扬声器20设置于安装空间131内。
进一步地，第一连接段33和耳机壳体10内顶壁距离大于第二连接段34和耳机壳体10内顶壁的距离。可以理解的是，第一连接段33距离耳机壳体10内顶壁位置更大，也就是说，安装空间131具有更大的安装体积，以此进一步满足扬声器20安装要求。另外，可以知道的是，第二连接段34更加靠近耳机壳体10内顶壁，形成的谐振腔13的腔体横截面积更小，也就是避免谐振腔13的等效直径过大，保证声音在谐振腔13内有效传递。
进一步地，第二连接段34的长度大于第一连接段33的长度。具体地，扬 声器20的第二发声面22发出的声音经过谐振腔13的传递，通过设置第二连接段34的长度大于第一连接段33的长度，保证声音在第二连接段34对应的谐振腔13的腔体长度，以此进一步提高声音在谐振腔13内的传播距离，进而使第一声孔110发出的声音和第二声孔120发出的声音产生相位差，保证用户人耳位置能够产生增强区域。
在其中一个实施例中，耳机壳体10包括呈弧形设置壳本体11和自壳本体11分别向两端延伸的安装段12，第一声孔110和第二声孔120开设于安装段12，谐振腔13设于安装段12。通常地，用户在使用耳机享受音乐时，耳机佩戴于用户颈部位置，耳机壳体10包括呈弧形设置的壳本体11，通过壳本体11挂设在用户颈部位置能够更加符合人体设计。
另外，通过自壳本体11延伸出的安装段12，扩大了耳机和用户的安装接触范围，使用户佩戴更加牢固。再者，第一声孔110和第二声孔120以及谐振腔13均设于安装段12，也就是说安装段12提供了足够的安装空间。
进一步地，第一声孔110设置于安装段12靠近壳本体11的位置，第二声孔120设置于安装段12远离壳本体11的位置。
可以理解的是，用户在佩戴耳机时，第一声孔110更加靠近用户耳朵位置，第二声孔120位于用户面向的前方位置，如此，通过第一声孔110和第二声孔120设置位置，在用户的正前方和耳朵位置形成声音叠加的增强区和声音抵消的减弱区。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例，并非因此限制本申请的专利范围，凡是在本申请的申请构思下，利用本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种耳机，其特征在于，所述耳机包括：
    耳机壳体，所述耳机壳体开设有第一声孔和第二声孔，所述耳机壳体内部设有连通所述第一声孔和所述第二声孔的谐振腔；和
    扬声器，所述扬声器设置于所述谐振腔内，所述扬声器包括对应所述第一声孔的第一发声面，所述扬声器还包括背向所述第一发声面的第二发声面，所述第二发声面发出的声音经所述谐振腔传递至所述第二声孔。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述谐振腔的腔长距离L满足：L＝(1+2k)*85/f，其中，k为整数，f为消声频率上限。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述谐振腔的等效直径为R，则L＞10R。
  4. 如权利要求1至3任一项所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述耳机包括分隔件，所述分隔件设置于所述耳机壳体内部，所述分隔件和所述耳机壳体内壁围设形成所述谐振腔。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述分隔件包括第一分隔部和第二分隔部，以及连接于所述第一分隔部和所述第二分隔部的连接部，第一分隔部、所述第二分隔部、所述连接部与所述耳机壳体内壁围设形成所述谐振腔；
    所述第一分隔部邻接于所述第一声孔设置，所述第二分隔部邻接于所述第二声孔设置。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述第一声孔和所述第二声孔设置于所述耳机壳体的上表面，所述连接部包括与所述第一分隔部连接的第一连接段，以及与所述第二分隔部连接的第二连接段，所述第一分隔部和所述第一连接段形成容放所述扬声器的安装空间。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述第一连接段和所述耳机壳体内顶壁距离大于所述第二连接段和所述耳机壳体内顶壁的距离。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述第二连接段的长度大于所述第一连接段的长度。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述耳机壳体包括呈弧形设置壳本体和自所述壳本体分别向两端延伸的安装段，所述第一声孔和所述第二声孔开设于所述安装段，所述谐振腔设于所述安装段。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述第一声孔设于所述安装段靠近所述壳本体的位置，所述第二声孔设于所述安装段远离所述壳本体的位置。
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