WO2020195915A1 - 自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板、自動車ブレーキディスクローター及び自動車ブレーキディスクローター用ホットスタンプ加工品 - Google Patents
自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板、自動車ブレーキディスクローター及び自動車ブレーキディスクローター用ホットスタンプ加工品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020195915A1 WO2020195915A1 PCT/JP2020/010947 JP2020010947W WO2020195915A1 WO 2020195915 A1 WO2020195915 A1 WO 2020195915A1 JP 2020010947 W JP2020010947 W JP 2020010947W WO 2020195915 A1 WO2020195915 A1 WO 2020195915A1
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- automobile brake
- stainless steel
- steel sheet
- brake disc
- hot
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- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
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- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
- B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to ferritic stainless steel sheets for automobile brake disc rotors, automobile brake disc rotors, and hot stamped products for automobile brake disc rotors, which are excellent in heat resistance and moldability, and particularly automobile brakes requiring high temperature strength. It relates to a ferritic stainless steel plate suitable for use in a disc rotor or the like.
- Disc brakes are widely used as one of the braking systems for automobiles. By pressing a disc-shaped structure called a disc rotor coupled to a tire with a brake pad, kinetic energy is converted into heat energy by friction, and the speed of the automobile is reduced.
- Flake graphite cast iron (hereinafter referred to as cast iron) is used as the material of this disc rotor because of its thermal conductivity and cost.
- Cast iron is inferior in corrosion resistance because no element that improves corrosion resistance is added, and red rust occurs immediately when left unattended. Conventionally, this red rust was not so noticeable due to the position of the disc being lower than the line of sight and the shape of the wheel.
- the wheel material has been made of aluminum and the spokes have become thinner, so that rust on the disc cannot be ignored, and improvement in its corrosion resistance has been desired.
- Stainless steel is a material with excellent corrosion resistance, and martensitic SUS410-based materials are widely used for motorcycles and other motorcycles. This is because the disc rotors of motorcycles are exposed and easily noticeable, and corrosion resistance is emphasized. On the other hand, stainless steel has a problem that its thermal conductivity is inferior to that of cast iron. In motorcycles, the brake system is exposed and has excellent cooling performance, so stainless steel is also used without problems. In the case of automobiles, since the brake system including the tire is housed in the tire house, the disc rotor is difficult to cool and the thermal conductivity is low, which is one of the problems, and stainless steel has not been applied.
- the disc rotor of a two-wheeled vehicle is a ring-shaped disc, and is manufactured by punching from plate-shaped stainless steel, so there is no major processing.
- the disc rotors of the current automobiles have a shape called a hat shape in which the center of the disk is narrowed down, and are manufactured by casting. Deep drawing is required to process and form stainless steel with such a shape.
- the stainless steel used in motorcycles is martensitic stainless steel, which has extremely high hardness and is difficult to process.
- hot stamping which is pressed at high temperature, has become widespread in recent years. This has made it possible for stainless steel to form a hat shape with high accuracy.
- Patent Document 1 Regard stainless steel disc rotors for automobiles, but it mainly focuses on moldability and not high temperature strength. Further, in Patent Document 2, the strength is improved by the martensite phase utilizing highly saturated solid solution C and N, but the strength near 700 ° C. is not mentioned. In addition, all of the patent documents utilize the martensite structure, and there is no one that can secure heat resistance at around 700 ° C.
- the present invention relates to a ferritic stainless steel sheet for an automobile brake disc rotor, which has excellent heat resistance and moldability.
- the parts to be solved by the present invention are braking system parts of automobiles, particularly disc rotors. Since the disc rotor of an automobile has a hat shape, moldability is required. Further, the reached temperature reaches about 100 ° C. for general city driving, about 300 ° C. for mountain road driving, and reaches about 700 ° C. at the maximum. Therefore, strength in the medium temperature range to the high temperature range is required for thinning. Since cast iron is molded by casting, if the disc rotor is thinned, the flow of hot water will be impaired and molding may not be possible.
- Ferritic stainless steel can be accurately formed into a hat shape by hot stamping.
- stainless steel with low strength cannot be thinned.
- high-strength stainless steel requires an excessive load during hot stamping, and it may not be possible to accurately form the hat shape or cracks may occur.
- martensitic stainless steel is excellent in moldability by hot stamping, but the heat resistant temperature is about 500 ° C., and both moldability and heat resistance cannot be achieved.
- the present invention provides a ferritic stainless steel plate for an automobile brake disc rotor, an automobile brake disc rotor, and a hot stamped product for an automobile brake disc rotor, which has excellent high temperature strength and excellent moldability.
- the present inventors investigated in detail focusing on the precipitates of ferritic stainless steel sheets.
- precipitates may precipitate in the steel. If the precipitate is finely dispersed, the strength of the material can be improved. However, if the precipitate is present before molding, the strength becomes too high, and the elongation of the steel decreases, which may cause cracks during molding. Therefore, it was considered that the moldability and the strength after molding could be ensured by finely depositing the precipitates at the time of hot stamping. Then, as a result of repeated various studies to achieve such a purpose, the following findings were obtained.
- the crystal particle size can be increased during heating during hot stamping. Precipitate during hot stamping. Further, by setting the finishing temperature to more than 950 ° C., the crystal grain size is effectively increased and the strength in the medium temperature range is also improved. Since the precipitates are finely precipitated in the crystal grains of steel, excellent high-temperature strength can be obtained during use as a disc rotor. Precipitates deposited at grain boundaries tend to grow and coarsen. On the other hand, it was found that the precipitates are mainly precipitated in the crystal grains by appropriately controlling the crystal grain size during heating during hot stamping.
- the precipitates in the crystal grains are less likely to grow than the precipitates at the grain boundaries and are less likely to be coarsened during use. Precipitation strengthening is effectively exhibited by finely precipitating the precipitates in the grains during hot stamping. As a result, we have succeeded in providing a heat-resistant ferritic stainless steel sheet applicable to disc rotors.
- the gist of the present invention for solving the above problems is as follows.
- C 0.001 to 0.05%
- N 0.001 to 0.05%
- Si 0.3 to 4.0%
- Mn 0.01 to 2.0.
- P 0.01 to 0.05%
- S 0.0001 to 0.02%
- Cr 10 to 20%
- further Ti 0.001 to 0.5%
- Nb 0.
- a heat treatment hereinafter referred to as "hot stamp pseudo heat treatment” of heating to 1000 ° C. and then retaining at 890 to 700 ° C.
- the crystal particle size becomes 100 to 200 ⁇ m
- the grains A ferritic stainless steel plate for an automobile brake disc rotor, characterized in that deposits having a diameter of 500 nm or less have a density of 0.01 to 20 pieces / ⁇ m 2 for hot stamping.
- a ferritic stainless steel sheet for an automobile brake disc rotor which comprises a hot stamped product in which a crystal particle size of 100 to 200 ⁇ m and precipitates having a particle size of 500 nm or less are present at a density of 0.01 to 20 pieces / ⁇ m 2 .
- the ferritic stainless steel sheet for an automobile brake disc rotor of the present invention which is used for hot stamping.
- Ferritic stainless steel for automobile brake disc rotors of the present invention which has a breaking elongation at 1000 ° C. of 50% or more and a 0.2% proof stress at 700 ° C. of 80 MPa or more after the hot stamp pseudo heat treatment.
- Ferritic stainless steel plate [6] The ferritic stainless steel sheet for an automobile brake disc rotor of the present invention, which has a 0.2% proof stress at 700 ° C. of 80 MPa or more.
- the ferritic stainless steel sheet for an automobile brake disc rotor of the present invention having a crystal grain size of 130 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the ferritic stainless steel sheet for an automobile brake disc rotor of the present invention which has a breaking elongation at 1000 ° C. of 50% or more.
- the ferritic stainless steel sheet for an automobile brake disc rotor of the present invention which has a 0.2% proof stress at 300 ° C. of 170 MPa or more.
- B 0.0001 to 0.0030%
- Al 0.001 to 4.0%
- Cu 0.01 to 3.0%.
- Mo 0.01 to 3.0%
- W 0.001 to 2.0%
- V 0.001 to 1.0%
- Sn 0.01 to 0.5%
- Ni 0.01 ⁇ 1.0%
- Mg 0.0001 to 0.01%
- Sb 0.005 to 0.5%
- Zr 0.001 to 0.3%
- Ta 0.001 to 0.3%
- Hf 0.001 to 0.3%
- Co 0.001 to 0.3%
- Ca 0.0001 to 0.01%
- REM 0.001 to 0.2%
- Ga 0.0002 to The ferrite-based stainless steel plate for an automobile brake disc rotor of the present invention, which comprises 0.3% or more of one or more.
- the heat resistance and moldability of a ferritic stainless steel sheet are improved, a material suitable for an automobile brake disc rotor is provided, and a great effect can be obtained in weight reduction and improvement of aesthetics.
- precipitates may precipitate in the temperature range formed by hot stamping.
- the strength of the material can be improved by finely dispersing the precipitates in the steel.
- the precipitate is present before molding, the strength becomes too high and the elongation decreases, which may cause cracks during hot stamp molding. Therefore, the present invention secures hot stamp moldability and strength after molding by finely depositing precipitates during hot stamping.
- the crystal grain size of steel in the hot stamp pays attention to the crystal grain size of steel in the hot stamp.
- the ratio of the grain boundaries to the steel is high, so that precipitation at the grain boundaries increases during hot stamping.
- Precipitates deposited at grain boundaries tend to grow and coarsen, making it difficult to obtain fine precipitates.
- the present invention has found that the precipitates are mainly precipitated in the grains by growing the crystal grain size and appropriately controlling the crystal grain size during heating during hot stamping.
- Precipitates in the grains are less likely to grow than precipitates at the grain boundaries and are less likely to be coarsened during use.
- the precipitates are finely precipitated in the grains after hot stamping from the viewpoint of high temperature strength, and for that purpose, the crystal grain size at the time of heating during hot stamping is grown to some extent. It was found that it was necessary to make it. Specifically, it was found that miniaturization of the precipitate can be realized by setting the crystal grain size after hot stamping to 100 to 200 ⁇ m. It is known that the crystal grain size at the time of hot stamping is the same as the crystal grain size after hot stamping. Within such a crystal grain size range, the precipitated precipitates are finely precipitated in the grains and are difficult to grow, and it is presumed that these have a corresponding relationship.
- the metal structure is defined by the crystal grain size after hot stamping.
- the crystal grain size after hot stamping By controlling the crystal grain size after hot stamping to 100 to 200 ⁇ m, the precipitates are finely precipitated in the hot stamping, are difficult to grow, and the precipitation strengthening is effectively exhibited.
- the crystal particle size after hot stamping was 100 ⁇ m or more, the precipitates were finely precipitated, and sufficient proof stress up to around 700 ° C. was obtained. Further, if the crystal particle size after hot stamping is 130 ⁇ m or more, sufficient proof stress can be obtained even in a medium temperature range near 300 ° C.
- the crystal grain size after hot stamping exceeds 200 ⁇ m the crystal grain size of the steel sheet before hot stamping is also large, and as a result, the toughness of the steel sheet is significantly reduced. Therefore, the upper limit of the crystal particle size after hot stamping is set to 200 ⁇ m.
- precipitates having a particle size of 500 nm or less are present in the steel after hot stamping at a density of 0.01 to 20 pieces / ⁇ m 2. ..
- a density of 0.01 to 20 pieces / ⁇ m 2. .. By the presence of precipitates having a particle size of 500 nm or less at a density of 0.01 to 20 pieces / ⁇ m 2 , sufficient yield strength can be obtained up to around 700 ° C. If the particle size exceeds 500 nm, precipitation strengthening becomes difficult to act. Further, when the precipitation density is less than 0.01 pieces / ⁇ m 2 , the precipitation amount is small and the precipitation strengthening does not easily work.
- the strength increases excessively and cracks are likely to occur. From the above, it is desirable that the precipitates having a particle size of 500 nm or less are present at a density of 0.01 to 20 pieces / ⁇ m 2 .
- the product to be evaluated is a hot stamped product or the final product, an automobile brake disc rotor
- the crystal grain size and precipitate density in steel can be evaluated.
- the steel sheet may be subjected to a hot stamping pseudo heat treatment, and then the crystal grain size and the precipitate density in the steel may be evaluated.
- the hot stamp pseudo heat treatment may be a heat treatment in which the heat is heated to 1000 ° C. and then cooled at 890 to 700 ° C. for 1 minute or more and 10 minutes or less, for example, 2 minutes.
- C deteriorates moldability and corrosion resistance, causes high-temperature elongation and low-temperature strength of the steel sheet, and contains excessive precipitation density due to precipitation of Cr carbonitride and Nb carbonitride after hot stamping.
- N deteriorates moldability and corrosion resistance, causes high-temperature elongation and low-temperature strength of the steel sheet, and after hot stamping, the precipitation density becomes excessive due to the precipitation of Cr carbonitride and Nb carbonitride.
- Si is an element that is also useful as an antacid and is an element that improves high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and high-temperature salt damage resistance.
- High temperature strength, oxidation resistance and high temperature salt damage resistance improve as the amount of Si increases.
- Control of precipitation is important for improving high-temperature strength, and the effect can be obtained by precipitating a large amount of precipitates in a fine amount.
- Si has an action of finely precipitating precipitates during aging, and the effect is stably exhibited from 0.3%.
- excessive addition of Si reduces the ductility of the steel sheet at room temperature and high temperature, hardens the hot-rolled sheet and lowers its toughness, reduces the crystal grain size, and causes excessive formation of precipitates in the hot stamp. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 4.0%. Further, considering pickling property and toughness, 0.3% or more is desirable, and 3.5% or less is desirable. Further, considering the manufacturability, 3.0% or less is desirable.
- Mn is an element added as a deoxidizer and contributes to an increase in high-temperature strength in the medium temperature range, but when added in excess of 2.0%, a large amount of MnS that does not contribute to strengthening is precipitated after pseudo-heat treatment.
- Mn-based oxides are formed on the surface layer at high temperatures, and poor scale adhesion and abnormal oxidation are likely to occur.
- the upper limit is set to 2.0%.
- 0.01% or more is desirable, and 1.5% or less is desirable. More preferably, it is 1.0% or less.
- P is an impurity that is mainly mixed from the raw material during steelmaking refining, and as the content increases, the toughness and weldability of the steel sheet decrease. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce it as much as possible, but in order to reduce it to less than 0.01%, the cost increases due to the use of a low P raw material, so in the present invention, it is set to 0.01% or more. More preferably, it is 0.02% or more. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 0.05%, the content becomes extremely hard, and the corrosion resistance, toughness and pickling property deteriorate. Therefore, the upper limit is 0.05%. More preferably, it is 0.04% or less.
- S is an element that deteriorates corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, but since the effect of combining with Ti and C to improve workability appears from 0.0001%, the lower limit is set to 0.0001%. Further, considering the refining cost, 0.0010% or more is desirable. On the other hand, excessive addition causes binding with Ti and C to reduce the amount of solid solution Ti and roughen the precipitates, resulting in a decrease in the toughness and high temperature strength of the steel sheet. Therefore, the upper limit was set to 0.02%. Further, considering the high temperature oxidation characteristics, 0.0090% or less is desirable.
- Cr is an essential element for ensuring oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance in the present invention. If it is less than 10%, the oxidation resistance cannot be ensured, the proof stress at 700 ° C. after hot stamping is lowered, and the crystal grain size is increased. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20%, the processability is lowered and the toughness is deteriorated, and the number of precipitates after hot stamping becomes excessive. Therefore, the ratio is set to 10 to 20%. Further, considering the manufacturability and scale peelability, 12% or more is desirable, and 18% or less is desirable. More preferably, it is 15% or less.
- Ti contains 1 or 2 types of Ti: 0.001 to 0.5% and Nb: 0.01 to 0.8%.
- Ti is an element that combines with C, N, and S to improve corrosion resistance, intergranular corrosion resistance, room temperature ductility, and deep drawing property. In addition, it is added as needed. Further, in the combined addition with Nb and Mo, by adding an appropriate amount, the solid solution amount of Nb and Mo at the time of thermal annealing is increased, the high temperature strength is improved, and the thermal fatigue characteristics are improved. Since the effect is exhibited from 0.001% or more, the lower limit is set to 0.001%.
- the amount of solid solution Ti increases, the ductility at room temperature and high temperature on the steel sheet decreases, and the number of precipitates after hot stamping becomes excessive, resulting in coarser Ti-based precipitates. Is formed, and it becomes a starting point of cracks during hole expansion processing, which deteriorates press workability. Further, since the oxidation resistance also deteriorates, the amount of Ti added was set to 0.5% or less. Further, considering the occurrence of surface defects and toughness, 0.05% or more is desirable, and 0.2% or less is desirable.
- Nb is an element effective for improving high temperature strength by strengthening solid solution and strengthening precipitation of fine precipitates. It also has the role of fixing C and N as carbonitrides and contributing to the development of a recrystallized texture that affects the corrosion resistance and r-value of the product plate. Since these effects are exhibited from 0.01%, the lower limit is set to 0.01%. On the other hand, if the addition of more than 0.8%, the high-temperature ductility of the steel sheet is lowered, the number of precipitates after hot stamping becomes excessive, the hardness is remarkably hardened, and the manufacturability is deteriorated. It was set to 8%. Further, considering the raw material cost and toughness, 0.3% or more is desirable, and 0.6% or less is desirable.
- the balance is Fe and impurities.
- the present invention may further contain the following components in place of a part of the Fe, if necessary.
- B is an element that improves secondary workability, high-temperature strength, and thermal fatigue characteristics during press working of products.
- B brings about fine precipitation of Laves phase and the like, exhibits long-term stability of these precipitation strengthening, and contributes to suppression of strength decrease and improvement of thermal fatigue life. This effect is exhibited at 0.0001% or more.
- excessive addition causes hardening, deteriorates intergranular corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, and causes welding cracks. Therefore, the content was set to 0.0030% or less. Further, considering corrosion resistance and manufacturing cost, 0.0010% or less is desirable. More preferably, it is 0.0005% or less.
- Al is an element that is added as a deoxidizing element and also improves oxidation resistance. It is also useful as a solid solution strengthening element for improving high temperature strength. The action is stably expressed from 0.001%. On the other hand, excessive addition hardens the steel and significantly lowers the uniform elongation, and also significantly lowers the toughness. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 4.0%. Further, considering the occurrence of surface defects, weldability, and manufacturability, 0.01% or more is desirable, and 2.2% or less is desirable.
- Cu is an element effective for improving corrosion resistance. Its action is stable from 0.01%. Further, the high temperature strength is improved by strengthening the precipitation by precipitation of ⁇ -Cu, but the upper limit is set to 3.0% because excessive addition lowers the hot workability. Further, considering the thermal fatigue characteristics, manufacturability and weldability, 1.6% or less is desirable.
- Mo is an element effective for strengthening solid solution at high temperature, and is added in an amount of 0.01% or more as necessary in order to improve corrosion resistance and high temperature salt damage resistance. Since the addition of 3.0% or more significantly deteriorates the room temperature ductility and oxidation resistance, the content was set to 3.0% or less. Further, considering the thermal fatigue characteristics and manufacturability, 0.3% or more is desirable, and 0.9% or less is desirable.
- W is also an element effective for solid solution strengthening at high temperatures, and also produces a Laves phase (Fe 2 W) to bring about a precipitation strengthening action.
- the Laves phase of Fe 2 (Nb, Mo, W) is precipitated, but when W is added, the coarsening of the Laves phase is suppressed and the precipitation strengthening ability is improved. It works with an addition of 0.001% or more. On the other hand, if the addition exceeds 2.0%, the cost increases and the room temperature ductility decreases, so the upper limit is set to 2.0%. Further, considering the manufacturability, low temperature toughness and oxidation resistance, the amount of W added is preferably 1.5% or less.
- V is an element that improves corrosion resistance and is added as needed. This effect is stably exhibited by adding 0.001% or more. On the other hand, if more than 1% is added, the precipitate becomes coarse and the high temperature strength decreases, and the oxidation resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 1%. Further, considering the manufacturing cost and manufacturability, 0.08% or more is desirable, and 0.5% or less is desirable.
- Sn is an element that improves corrosion resistance, and is added as necessary to improve the high-temperature strength in the mid-temperature range. These effects are exhibited at 0.01% or more. On the other hand, if more than 0.5% was added, the manufacturability and toughness would be significantly reduced, so the content was set to 0.5% or less. Further, considering oxidation resistance and manufacturing cost, 0.1% or more is desirable.
- Ni is an element that improves acid resistance, toughness, and high-temperature strength, and is added as necessary. These effects are exhibited at 0.01% or more. On the other hand, if more than 1.0% is added, the cost will increase, so the value was set to 1.0% or less. Further, in consideration of manufacturability, 0.08% or more is desirable, and 0.5% or less is desirable.
- Mg is an element that may be added as a deoxidizing element, and also contributes to improving moldability by refining the structure of the slab. Further, Mg oxide becomes a precipitation site of carbonitrides such as Ti (C, N) and Nb (C, N), and has an effect of finely dispersing and precipitating these. This action is expressed at 0.0001% or more and contributes to the improvement of toughness. However, since excessive addition leads to deterioration of weldability, corrosion resistance and surface quality, the upper limit is set to 0.01%. Considering the refining cost, 0.0003% or more is desirable, and 0.0010% or less is desirable.
- Sb is added in an amount of 0.005% or more as necessary in order to contribute to the improvement of corrosion resistance and high temperature strength.
- the upper limit is set to 0.5% because slab cracking and ductility reduction during steel sheet manufacturing may occur excessively if added in excess of 0.5%. Further, considering the refining cost and manufacturability, 0.01% or more is desirable, and 0.3% or less is desirable.
- Zr is a carbonitride-forming element like Ti and Nb, and is an element that improves corrosion resistance and deep drawing property, and is added as necessary. These effects are exhibited at 0.001% or more. On the other hand, the addition of more than 0.3% significantly deteriorates the manufacturability, so the content was set to 0.3% or less. Further, in consideration of cost and surface quality, 0.1% or more is desirable, and 0.2% or less is desirable.
- Zr, Ta and Hf are added in an amount of 0.001% or more as necessary because they bind to C and N and contribute to the improvement of toughness.
- the upper limit is set to 0.3% because the addition of more than 0.3% increases the cost and significantly deteriorates the manufacturability. Further, considering the refining cost and manufacturability, 0.01% or more is desirable, and 0.08% or less is desirable.
- Co is added in an amount of 0.001% or more as necessary because it contributes to the improvement of high temperature strength. Since addition of more than 0.3% leads to deterioration of toughness, the upper limit is set to 0.3%. Further, considering the refining cost and manufacturability, 0.01% or more is desirable, and 0.1% or less is desirable.
- Ca may be added for desulfurization, and this effect is exhibited at 0.0001% or more.
- the upper limit is set to 0.01%. Further, considering the refining cost and manufacturability, 0.0003% or more is desirable, and 0.0020% or less is desirable.
- REM may be added as needed from the viewpoint of improving toughness and oxidation resistance by refining various precipitates, and this effect is exhibited at 0.001% or more.
- the upper limit is set to 0.2% because the addition of more than 0.2% significantly deteriorates the castability and lowers the ductility. Further, considering the refining cost and manufacturability, 0.05% or less is desirable.
- REM rare earth element
- Sc scandium
- Y yttrium
- 15 elements lanthanoids
- Ga may be added in an amount of 0.3% or less in order to improve corrosion resistance and suppress hydrogen embrittlement.
- the lower limit is preferably 0.0002%. Further, 0.0020% or less is preferable from the viewpoint of manufacturability and cost, as well as ductility and toughness.
- the method for producing a steel sheet of the present invention comprises the steps of steelmaking, hot rolling, annealing, and pickling.
- steelmaking a method in which steel containing the essential components and components added as necessary is melted in a converter and subsequently subjected to secondary refining is preferable.
- the molten steel is made into slabs according to a known casting method (continuous casting).
- the slab is heated to a predetermined temperature and hot-rolled to a predetermined plate thickness by continuous rolling.
- Hot rolling is rolled after being rolled in a hot rolling mill consisting of multiple stands. Annealing after the hot rolling step may be omitted.
- the finishing temperature after hot spreading is preferably 900 to 1100 ° C. If the finishing temperature is less than 900 ° C., the crystal grain size of the steel sheet does not grow sufficiently, and as a result, the crystal grain size after hot stamping does not grow to 100 ⁇ m or more. On the other hand, when the finishing temperature is more than 1100 ° C., the crystal grain size of the steel sheet grows too much, and the crystal grain size after hot stamping becomes more than 200 ⁇ m. More preferably, the finishing temperature after hot spreading is set to more than 950 ° C.
- the finishing temperature By setting the finishing temperature to more than 950 ° C., the crystal grain size grows to 130 ⁇ m or more, and the effect of improving the strength in the medium temperature range is exhibited. Further, if the winding temperature exceeds 650 ° C., the toughness of the hot-rolled plate decreases, so that the winding temperature is preferably 650 ° C. or lower.
- the molding of the steel sheet of the present invention is a hot stamp in which the steel sheet is heated to a predetermined temperature, formed into a hat shape at a high temperature, and then cooled.
- the heating temperature is 900 to 1000 ° C., and cooling is performed after molding.
- cooling is performed at 890 to 700 ° C. so that the precipitate is retained for 1 minute or more and 10 minutes or less. If the residence time is less than 1 minute, precipitation will not occur sufficiently and the amount of precipitation strengthening will be small, so the lower limit is set to 1 minute. If this time is excessively long, finely precipitated precipitates grow and coarsen, and the amount of precipitation strengthening decreases.
- the upper limit is set to 10 minutes because the productivity drops significantly. Further, considering the stability of the precipitate, 1.5 minutes to 5 minutes is desirable.
- the "ferritic stainless steel sheet for an automobile brake disc rotor constituting a hot stamped product” means a steel sheet after hot stamping. That is, it means a hot stamped product for an automobile brake disc rotor made of a stainless steel plate. Further, the hot stamped product for an automobile brake disc rotor using a stainless steel plate means a product obtained by hot stamping using a stainless steel plate to obtain a hot stamped product for an automobile brake disc rotor. Further, the automobile brake disc rotor made of a stainless steel plate means an automobile brake disc rotor that is hot-stamped using a stainless steel plate and further processed to obtain an automobile brake disc rotor.
- a hot stamp simulated heat treatment (hereinafter, simply referred to as "pseudo heat treatment") is performed in which the hot stamped plate (excluding B15) thus obtained is heated to 1000 ° C., retained at 890 to 700 ° C. for 2 minutes, and then cooled with water. gave.
- the steel sheet after the pseudo heat treatment was cracked, it was described as “crack” in the "Quality after pseudo heat treatment / remarks" column of Table 4.
- the crystal grain size of t / 4 parts was measured (based on JIS G0551, the numerical value is rounded off to the nearest whole number).
- the imaging magnification was 50 times, the number of imaging fields of view was 5, and the average crystal grain size of the 5 fields of view was calculated.
- the simulated heat-treated material was observed in five fields with a bright field observation at an imaging magnification of 12500 times using a 200 kV field emission transmission electron microscope (EM-2100F) manufactured by JEOL Ltd., and the precipitate was evaluated.
- the particle size of the precipitate the equivalent circle diameter of the precipitate contained in the bright-field observation image was measured.
- the average precipitate density in 5 fields of view was calculated for the precipitates having a particle size of 500 nm or less.
- a Charpy test piece (notch in the C direction) was prepared from the hot-rolled plate and a Charpy impact test was conducted at room temperature.
- the average impact value of the three tests was 10 J / cm 2 or less, "poor toughness” was displayed in the "Remarks" column of the steel sheet quality.
- the 0.2% proof stress at 700 ° C. after the hot stamp simulated heat treatment is superior to that of the comparative example in the example of the present invention. Further, it can be seen that in the example of the present invention in which the finishing temperature of the hot-rolled plate is over 950 ° C., the crystal particle size is 130 ⁇ m or more, and the proof stress at 300 ° C. is all “S”, which is particularly excellent. If either of the 0.2% proof stress at 300 ° C and 700 ° C after the pseudo-heat treatment and the breaking elongation of the hot-rolled plate at 1000 ° C are unacceptable, or if the hot-rolled plate toughness is poor, the disc rotor It was judged that the application as was unsuitable. From this, it can be seen that the steel specified in the present invention is excellent in heat resistance and moldability.
- Comparative Examples B1 and B2 the C and N concentrations were out of the upper limit, respectively, and the steel sheet had poor elongation at 1000 ° C.
- Comparative Example B3 the Si concentration was out of the lower limit, the number of precipitates after the pseudo heat treatment was insufficient, and the yield strength at 300 ° C. and 700 ° C. was low.
- Comparative Example B4 the Si concentration was out of the upper limit, the elongation at 1000 ° C. on the steel sheet was poor, the crystal grain size after the pseudo heat treatment was too small, and the number of precipitates was excessive, causing cracks.
- Comparative Example B5 the Mn concentration exceeded the upper limit, and the yield strength at 300 ° C. and 700 ° C. was insufficient.
- Comparative Examples B6 and B7 the P and S concentrations were out of the upper limit, respectively, and the toughness of the steel sheet was poor.
- Comparative Example B8 the Cr concentration was out of the lower limit, the high temperature strength was lowered, and the proof stress at 300 ° C. and 700 ° C. after the pseudo heat treatment was poor. Further, as is clear from the fact that the crystal grain size after the pseudo heat treatment is excessive, the crystal grain size of the steel sheet is also excessive, resulting in poor toughness of the steel sheet.
- Comparative Examples B9, B10, and B11 the Cr concentration, Ti concentration, and Nb concentration were out of the upper limits, respectively, the elongation at break at 1000 ° C. on the steel sheet was poor, and the number of precipitates in the pseudo heat treatment was excessive, causing cracks. It was.
- Comparative Example B12 the finishing temperature of hot-rolling was out of the upper limit, and the crystal grain size after the pseudo heat treatment was excessive. As is clear, the crystal grain size of the steel sheet was also excessive, resulting in poor toughness of the steel sheet.
- Comparative Example B13 the finishing temperature of hot-rolling was out of the lower limit, the crystal grain size after the pseudo heat treatment was too small, and the number of precipitates was too small, resulting in poor yield strength at 300 ° C. and 700 ° C.
- Comparative Example B14 the winding temperature of the hot-rolled material exceeded the upper limit, resulting in poor toughness of the steel sheet.
- B15 has "not yet" at the left end of Table 2, that is, the crystal grain size, the number of precipitates, and the proof stress at 300 ° C. and 700 ° C. were evaluated without performing the hot stamp pseudo heat treatment. As a result of the precipitation not progressing and the number of precipitates being too small, the yield strength at 300 ° C. and 700 ° C. was poor.
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Abstract
Description
自動車のディスクローターはハット形状であるため、成形性が要求される。また到達温度は一般的な市街地走行では100℃程度、山道の走行では300℃程度、最大では700℃近傍に達するため、薄肉化のためには中温域~高温域における強度が要求される。鋳鉄は鋳造によって成型されるため、ディスクローターを薄肉化すると湯流れが悪くなり、成型できない場合がある。また、強度が低いため薄肉化を行うとディスクローターとして十分な強度を確保できない問題があった。フェライト系ステンレス鋼はホットスタンプを行うことで精度よくハット形状を成形できる。ただし、強度が低いステンレス鋼では薄肉化を行うことができない。一方、強度が高いステンレス鋼ではホットスタンプ時に過大な荷重が必要となり、精度よくハット形状に成形を行うことができない、もしくは割れが生じる可能性がある。また、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼はホットスタンプによる成形性に優れるが、耐熱温度は500℃程度であり、成形性と耐熱性を両立できない。
[1]質量%にて、C:0.001~0.05%、N:0.001~0.05%、Si:0.3~4.0%、Mn:0.01~2.0%、P:0.01~0.05%、S:0.0001~0.02%、Cr:10~20%、を含有し、さらにTi:0.001~0.5%、Nb:0.01~0.8%を1種または2種含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物であり、
1000℃まで加熱し、その後890~700℃で1分以上10分以下滞留する冷却をする熱処理(以下「ホットスタンプ疑似熱処理」という。)を行ったとき、結晶粒径が100~200μmとなり、粒径500nm以下の析出物が0.01~20個/μm2の密度となる、ホットスタンプ加工用であることを特徴とする自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。
結晶粒径が100~200μmであり、粒径500nm以下の析出物が0.01~20個/μm2の密度で存在する、ホットスタンプ加工品を構成する自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。
[5]1000℃における破断伸びが50%以上であり、前記ホットスタンプ疑似熱処理後において、700℃における0.2%耐力が80MPa以上であることを特徴とする本発明の自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。
[6]700℃における0.2%耐力が80MPa以上であることを特徴とする本発明の自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。
[7]前記結晶粒径が130~200μmである本発明の自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。
[8]1000℃における破断伸びが50%以上であることを特徴とする本発明の自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。
[9]300℃における0.2%耐力が170MPa以上であることを特徴とする本発明の自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。
[12]本発明のステンレス鋼板を用いてなる自動車ブレーキディスクローター用ホットスタンプ加工品。
そこで本発明においては、ホットスタンプ後における結晶粒径で金属組織を規定することとした。ホットスタンプ後における結晶粒径を100~200μmに制御することによって、ホットスタンプ中に析出物は微細析出し、かつ、成長しにくく、析出強化が効果的に発現する。ホットスタンプ後の結晶粒径が100μm以上であれば、析出物が微細析出し、700℃近傍までの十分な耐力を得られた。さらに、ホットスタンプ後の結晶粒径が130μm以上であれば、300℃近傍の中温域においても十分な耐力を得られた。
Cは、成形性と耐食性を劣化させ、鋼板の高温伸び及び高温強度の低下をもたらすとともに、ホットスタンプ後にCr炭窒化物、Nb炭窒化物の析出によって析出物密度が過剰となるため、その含有量は少ないほど良い。そのため、0.05%以下とした。0.020%以下が望ましい。さらに望ましくは0.0015%以下とする。但し、過度の低減は精錬コストの増加に繋がるため、0.001%以上とすると好ましい。
Tiは、C,N,Sと結合して耐食性、耐粒界腐食性、常温延性や深絞り性を向上させる元素である。また、必要に応じて添加する。また、Nb、Moとの複合添加において、適量添加することにより、熱延焼鈍時のNb、Moの固溶量増加、高温強度の向上をもたらし、熱疲労特性を向上させる。その効果は0.001%以上から発現するため、下限を0.001%とした。一方、0.5%超の添加により、固溶Ti量が増加して鋼板での常温及び高温の延性が低下する他、ホットスタンプ後の析出物数が過剰となり、さらに粗大なTi系析出物を形成し、穴拡げ加工時の割れの起点になり、プレス加工性を劣化させる。また、耐酸化性も劣化するため、Ti添加量は0.5%以下とした。更に、表面疵の発生や靭性を考慮すると0.05%以上が望ましく、0.2%以下が望ましい。
本発明の鋼板の製造方法は、製鋼-熱間圧延-焼鈍-酸洗の各工程よりなる。製鋼においては、前記必須成分および必要に応じて添加される成分を含有する鋼を、転炉溶製し続いて2次精錬を行う方法が好適である。溶製した溶鋼は、公知の鋳造方法(連続鋳造)に従ってスラブとする。スラブは、所定の温度に加熱され、所定の板厚に連続圧延で熱間圧延される。熱間圧延は複数スタンドから成る熱間圧延機で圧延された後に巻き取られる。
熱延工程の後の焼鈍は省略しても良い。
また巻き取り温度が650℃超であると熱延板靭性が低下するため、巻き取り温度を650℃以下にすると好ましい。
また、ステンレス鋼板を用いてなる自動車ブレーキディスクローター用ホットスタンプ加工品とは、ステンレス鋼板を用いてホットスタンプ加工を行い、自動車ブレーキディスクローター用ホットスタンプ加工品としたものを意味する。
また、ステンレス鋼板を用いてなる自動車ブレーキディスクローターとは、ステンレス鋼板を用いてホットスタンプ加工を行い、さらに加工して自動車ブレーキディスクローターとしたものを意味する。
比較例B3はSi濃度が下限を外れ、疑似熱処理後の析出物数が不足して300℃および700℃耐力が低かった。比較例B4はSi濃度が上限を外れ、鋼板での1000℃伸びが不良であるとともに、疑似熱処理後の結晶粒径が過小かつ析出物数が過剰であり、割れが生じた。
比較例B5はMn濃度が上限を外れ、300℃および700℃耐力が不足した。
比較例B6、B7は、それぞれP、S濃度が上限を外れ、いずれも鋼板の靱性不良が生じた。
比較例B8はCr濃度が下限を外れ、高温強度が低下して疑似熱処理後の300℃および700℃耐力が不良であった。また、疑似熱処理後の結晶粒径が過大であることから明らかなように鋼板での結晶粒径も過大となり、鋼板の靱性不良が生じた。
比較例B9、B10、B11は、それぞれCr濃度、Ti濃度、Nb濃度が上限を外れ、鋼板での1000℃破断伸びが不良であるとともに、疑似熱処理での析出物数が過剰となり、割れが生じた。
比較例B13は熱延の仕上げ温度が下限を外れ、疑似熱処理後の結晶粒径が過小であり、析出物数が過少となった結果、300℃および700℃耐力が不良であった。
比較例B14は熱延の巻取温度が上限を外れ、鋼板の靱性不良となった。
Claims (12)
- 質量%にて、
C:0.001~0.05%、
N:0.001~0.05%、
Si:0.3~4.0%、
Mn:0.01~2.0%、
P:0.01~0.05%、
S:0.0001~0.02%、
Cr:10~20%、を含有し、さらに
Ti:0.001~0.5%、Nb:0.01~0.8%
を1種または2種含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物であり、
1000℃まで加熱し、その後890~700℃で1分以上10分以下滞留する冷却をする熱処理(以下「ホットスタンプ疑似熱処理」という。)を行ったとき、
結晶粒径が100~200μmとなり、
粒径500nm以下の析出物が0.01~20個/μm2の密度となる、
ホットスタンプ加工用であることを特徴とする自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。 - 質量%にて、
C:0.001~0.05%、
N:0.001~0.05%、
Si:0.3~4.0%、
Mn:0.01~2.0%、
P:0.01~0.05%、
S:0.0001~0.02%、
Cr:10~20%、を含有し、さらに
Ti:0.001~0.5%、Nb:0.01~0.8%
を1種または2種含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物であり、
結晶粒径が100~200μmであり、粒径500nm以下の析出物が0.01~20個/μm2の密度で存在する、ホットスタンプ加工品を構成する自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。 - 質量%にて、
C:0.001~0.05%、
N:0.001~0.05%、
Si:0.3~4.0%、
Mn:0.01~2.0%、
P:0.01~0.05%、
S:0.0001~0.02%、
Cr:10~20%、を含有し、
さらにTi:0.001~0.5%、Nb:0.01~0.8%を1種または2種含有し、
残部がFeおよび不純物である自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。 - ホットスタンプ加工用であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。
- 1000℃における破断伸びが50%以上であり、前記ホットスタンプ疑似熱処理後において、700℃における0.2%耐力が80MPa以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。
- 700℃における0.2%耐力が80MPa以上であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。
- 前記結晶粒径が130~200μmである請求項1、請求項2、請求項5、請求項6の何れかに記載の自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。
- 1000℃における破断伸びが50%以上であることを特徴とする請求項3又は請求項4に記載の自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。
- 300℃における0.2%耐力が170MPa以上であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。
- 前記Feの一部に替えて、質量%にてさらに、
B:0.0001~0.0030%、
Al:0.001~4.0%、
Cu:0.01~3.0%、
Mo:0.01~3.0%、
W:0.001~2.0%、
V:0.001~1.0%、
Sn:0.01~0.5%、
Ni:0.01~1.0%、
Mg:0.0001~0.01%、
Sb:0.005~0.5%、
Zr:0.001~0.3%、
Ta:0.001~0.3%、
Hf:0.001~0.3%、
Co:0.001~0.3%、
Ca:0.0001~0.01%、
REM:0.001~0.2%、
Ga:0.0002~0.3%
の1種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の自動車ブレーキディスクローター用フェライト系ステンレス鋼板。 - 請求項1~請求項10のいずれか1項に記載のステンレス鋼板を用いてなる自動車ブレーキディスクローター。
- 請求項1~請求項10のいずれか1項に記載のステンレス鋼板を用いてなる自動車ブレーキディスクローター用ホットスタンプ加工品。
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JP2016117925A (ja) | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-30 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | ステンレス製4輪用ディスクブレーキロータおよびその製造方法 |
KR20170075857A (ko) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-07-04 | 주식회사 포스코 | 저경도 마르텐사이트계 스테인레스강 및 그 제조방법 |
JP2017172038A (ja) * | 2016-03-17 | 2017-09-28 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | ブレーキディスク用マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼、およびブレーキディスク |
JP2019173086A (ja) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-10 | 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 | 自動車用ディスクブレーキロータ |
JP2019173087A (ja) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-10 | 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 | マルテンサイト系ステンレス熱延鋼板、当該鋼板を用いたディスクブレーキロータの製造方法 |
JP2019178419A (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-17 | 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 | ステンレス鋼板および制動系部品 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2022176707A1 (ja) * | 2021-02-18 | 2022-08-25 | 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 | ブレーキディスクローター用マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼板、ブレーキディスクローターおよびブレーキディスクローター用マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼板の製造方法 |
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KR20210129140A (ko) | 2021-10-27 |
EP3950969A4 (en) | 2023-04-19 |
CA3133206A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
JPWO2020195915A1 (ja) | 2021-12-23 |
EP3950969A1 (en) | 2022-02-09 |
CA3133206C (en) | 2023-01-24 |
KR102569352B1 (ko) | 2023-08-22 |
US20220177993A1 (en) | 2022-06-09 |
MX2021011538A (es) | 2021-10-22 |
CN113661261B (zh) | 2023-09-19 |
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JP7179966B2 (ja) | 2022-11-29 |
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