WO2020143259A1 - 一种聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质的制备及其应用 - Google Patents
一种聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质的制备及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- the invention relates to the field of polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries, in particular to the preparation of a new polycarbonate-based polymer electrolyte and its application in solid-state lithium-ion batteries, and belongs to the technical field of lithium-ion batteries.
- lithium-ion batteries have become more widely used due to their high energy density and good reliability.
- most commercial batteries use conventional organic liquid electrolytes, such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate. Because organic electrolytes usually have high chemical activity, volatility, easy to catch fire, explosion and other safety defects, it has seriously hindered the further popularization and application of lithium ion batteries.
- metal lithium is used as the negative electrode, during the operation of the liquid battery, with the continuous insertion and extraction of lithium ions, lithium dendrites will be generated on the surface of the metal lithium.
- the generation of lithium dendrites not only causes the appearance of dead lithium regions, reduces the cycle performance of the battery, but also pierces the separator, causing a short circuit of the battery, which severely limits the development and application of high energy density lithium metal batteries. Therefore, the development of solid electrolytes to replace traditional liquid electrolytes is of epoch-making significance for the development of high energy density lithium metal batteries.
- the preparation process is complicated and the interface compatibility is poor.
- the polymer electrolyte is obtained due to the advantages of good compatibility with lithium metal, high thermal stability, simple preparation process, good flexibility and adjustable shape and size. Widely recognized.
- the ideal polymer electrolyte should have the following advantages: 1. Close to the ionic conductivity of the liquid electrolyte; 2. Has good compatibility with the electrode; 3. Wide electrochemical window; 4. Simple preparation process. However, it has been difficult for the polymer electrolyte to satisfy the above advantages at the same time.
- PEO Polyethylene oxide
- CN105591154A provides a polycarbonate-based all-solid polymer electrolyte, the polymer electrolyte has an ion conductivity of 2 ⁇ 10 -5 S cm -1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10 -3 S cm -1 at room temperature, and the electrochemical window is greater than 4V.
- the patent number CN 105702919A provides a method for preparing a lithium battery electrode containing an interface-stable polymer material and its application in a solid-state lithium battery.
- Polyvinyl carbonate (PVCA) or its copolymer is used to prepare a polymer electrolyte, which can form a covering film on the surface of the electrode, which can effectively suppress the destruction of the electrode material and the decomposition of the solid electrolyte on the surface of the positive and negative electrodes during the charging and discharging process.
- PVCA Polyvinyl carbonate
- These two carbonate-based polymer electrolytes have high ionic conductivity and good interfacial stability, but the electrochemical window is low ( ⁇ 4.7V), which is not suitable for high nickel cathode material systems.
- polycarbonate-based polymer electrolyte which uses ethylene carbonate, lithium salt, porous support materials and solvents to prepare polymer electrolytes.
- the preparation process of the polymer electrolyte is simple, easy to control, and has excellent mechanical properties; room temperature ion conductivity>10 -3 S cm -1 , electrochemical window>4.7V; the polymer electrolyte can effectively suppress the lithium anode dendrite Growth, improve compatibility with the interface and long cycle performance; solid-state lithium-ion batteries can work for a long time at room temperature.
- the polymer electrolyte has good flexibility and is also suitable for flexible lithium ion battery devices of wearable electronic equipment.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a new type of polycarbonate-based polymer electrolyte preparation and its application in solid-state lithium-ion batteries.
- a new type of polycarbonate-based polymer electrolyte which is characterized by a liquid mixture including a liquid ethylene carbonate, a conductive lithium salt and an organic solvent before crosslinking and curing, to which an initiator or catalyst is added, and a porous support material Immerse in the liquid mixture or apply the liquid mixture to the porous support material, and then solidify to prepare a polymer electrolyte; wherein the composition of each substance in the liquid mixture: ethylene carbonate accounts for the mass fraction of the mixture of 30- 80%, the conductive lithium salt accounts for 10-50% of the mixture, the organic solvent accounts for 1-50% of the mixture, and the initiator (or catalyst) mass fraction is 0.5-5% of ethylene carbonate. .
- the novel polycarbonate-based polymer electrolyte is characterized in that the conductive lithium salt is one or more of the following: lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), bistrifluoromethane Lithium sulfonimide (LiTFSI), bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methyl lithium [LiC(SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 ];
- the organic solvent is one or more of the following: N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate Ester, ⁇ -butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether Ether, dimethyl sulfoxide;
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- ethylene carbonate propylene carbonate
- butylene carbonate dimethyl carbonate
- ethylene carbonate ethylene carbonate
- methyl ethyl carbonate Ester ⁇ -butyrolactone
- tetrahydrofuran 2-methyltetrahydrofuran
- acetonitrile 1,2-dimethoxyethane
- the initiator or catalyst is one of the following: dibutyl tin dilaurate, dibutyl tin bis(acetylpyruvate), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), azobisisoheptanonitrile (ABVN), Dimethyl azobisisobutyrate (AIBME), benzoyl peroxide (BPO), platinum water (Pt);
- the porous support material is one or more of cellulose nonwoven fabric, polyethylene nonwoven fabric, polypropylene nonwoven fabric, glass fiber nonwoven fabric, and polytetrafluoroethylene nonwoven fabric.
- the preparation of a novel polycarbonate-based polymer electrolyte is characterized in that it includes the following steps: the corresponding mass fraction of ethylene ethylene carbonate, conductive lithium salt and organic solvent is formulated into an electrolyte, and the mixture is evenly stirred; Add the corresponding mass fraction of initiator or catalyst and stir evenly; apply or immerse the above electrolyte into the polytetrafluoroethylene mold containing porous support material, heat and cure at 60-120°C for 2-12 hours to form a film.
- the polymer solid-state lithium-ion battery containing the novel polycarbonate-based polymer electrolyte is characterized in that it includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator and an electrolyte function between the positive electrode and the negative electrode
- the above polymer electrolyte of the present invention is characterized in that it includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator and an electrolyte function between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the polymer solid-state lithium-ion battery described above is characterized in that the positive electrode active material is lithium iron phosphate (LiFeO 4 ), lithium nickel cobalt aluminate (NCA), lithium-rich materials (LLOs), and lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), one or more of lithium ion lithium fluorophosphate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate, lithium manganese oxide, lithium manganate, lithium nickel manganate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 );
- the active material is one or more of lithium metal, lithium metal alloy, carbon-silicon composite material, lithium titanate, graphite, lithium metal nitride, antimony oxide, carbon germanium composite material, and lithium titanium oxide.
- the polymer solid-state lithium-ion battery is characterized in that the preparation of the positive electrode includes the following steps: (1) The preparation of the positive electrode material includes the following steps: the positive electrode active material, which accounts for 50-90% of the mass fraction, Grinding and mixing the conductive agent acetylene black with a mass fraction of 5-30%, adding polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with a mass fraction of 1-15%, a mixed liquid of 1-15% electrolyte and 1-methyl-2pyrrolidone (NMP) Grinding and mixing to obtain the positive electrode material, of which 1-methyl-2pyrrolidone (NMP) is used to adjust the viscosity, which is not included in the mass percentage composition of the positive electrode material; (2) The positive electrode material is coated on the surface of the aluminum foil and dried Get positive
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP 1-methyl-2pyrrolidone
- Metal lithium and metal lithium alloy can be directly used as the corresponding negative electrode
- the preparation of the negative electrode including the following steps: (1) Preparation of the negative electrode material: grinding and mixing the negative electrode active material with a mass fraction of 30-80% and the conductive agent acetylene black with a mass fraction of 5-30%; adding the mass fraction Grind and mix 5-25% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), 1-15% electrolyte mixture and 1-methyl-2pyrrolidone (NMP) to obtain negative electrode material; of which 1-methyl-2pyrrolidone (NMP) It is used to adjust the viscosity and is not included in the mass percentage composition of the negative electrode material; (2) coated on the surface of the copper foil and dried to obtain the negative electrode.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP 1-methyl-2pyrrolidone
- the composition of the electrolyte mixture in the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material is as follows: the electrolyte mixture liquid component ethylene carbonate accounts for 30-80% of the electrolyte mixture liquid mass fraction, and the conductive lithium salt accounts for the electrolyte mixture liquid mass fraction 10-50%, the mass fraction of organic solvent in the electrolyte mixture is 1-50%, and the mass fraction of the initiator or catalyst is 0.5-5% of the mass of ethylene ethylene carbonate; the specific content of each substance in the electrolyte mixture
- the selection range is the same as the selection range of each substance of the polycarbonate-based polymer electrolyte raw material described above.
- the preparation process of the battery is (1): ex-situ assembly process --- positive electrode, negative electrode and the above solid polymer electrolyte; (2): in-situ assembly process --- injection of the above electrolyte mixture to the positive electrode, The battery system of the separator and the negative electrode is cured at 60-120°C.
- a mixture of ethylene ethylene carbonate, a conductive lithium salt, a porous support material and an organic solvent is used to prepare a solid polymer electrolyte.
- the polymer electrolyte has high ionic conductivity (>10 -3 S cm -1 ), electrochemical window (>4.7V) and thermal stability at room temperature.
- a protective layer can be formed on the surface of the lithium battery electrode material and metal lithium, which can effectively suppress the destruction of the electrode crystal caused by the insertion and extraction of lithium ions, and thus improve Long cycle stability of lithium batteries.
- a polymer electrolyte of the present invention in the preparation process of the polymer electrolyte of the present invention, an organic solvent may not be added, and a polymer electrolyte is prepared by in-situ polymerization, which eliminates hidden safety hazards and environmental pollution, and greatly improves the safety and practicality of the lithium battery. It can be applied to all-solid lithium batteries (including lithium-sulfur batteries), all-solid lithium-ion batteries, and other secondary high-energy lithium batteries.
- FIG. 1 is a CV diagram in Preparation Example 2 of a polymer electrolyte.
- FIG. 2 is the charge-discharge performance of the lithium-ion battery in Example 7 for preparing a solid-state lithium-ion battery.
- LiTFSI lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide
- Electrolyte thickness use a micrometer (accuracy of 0.01 mm) to measure the thickness of the block polymer electrolyte, measure at any 3 points on the membrane, and calculate the average value.
- Ionic conductivity Two stainless steel gaskets are used to clamp the polymer electrolyte, and a 2032 button cell is assembled to measure the impedance according to the formula Where L is the thickness of the polymer electrolyte, S is the area of the stainless steel gasket, and R is the measured impedance value.
- Electrochemical window The polymer electrolyte is sandwiched between stainless steel and lithium sheet, and a 2032 button cell is assembled. Linear voltammetry measurement is performed. The starting voltage is 2.8V, the maximum potential is 5.5V, and the scanning speed is 1mV S -1 .
- Grind 240mg of lithium iron phosphate and 45mg of conductive agent acetylene black evenly for 40min; add 15mg of binder polyvinylidene fluoride, 15mg of electrolyte mixture and 150 ⁇ L of 1-methyl-2pyrrolidone to evenly grind for 40min; coat the surface of aluminum foil, Bake at 80°C for 8 hours under vacuum; cut the pole pieces into R 0.6mm wafers and use the above polymer electrolyte to assemble solid lithium ion half-cells. Then use metallic lithium as the negative electrode.
- Grind 250mg of lithium nickel cobalt aluminate and 46.8mg of conductive agent acetylene black evenly for 40min; add 15mg of binder polyvinylidene fluoride, 15mg of electrolyte mixture and 150 ⁇ L of 1-methyl-2pyrrolidone for evenly grinding for 40min; coat on The surface of the aluminum foil was dried at 80°C for 8 hours under vacuum conditions; the pole pieces were cut into R 0.6mm wafers, and the solid lithium ion half-cells were assembled using the above polymer electrolyte. Then use metallic lithium as the negative electrode.
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Abstract
一种聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质的制备及其应用,属于锂离子电池技术领域。本发明用碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、导电锂盐、多孔支撑材料以及溶剂制备聚合物电解质。该聚合物电解质的制备工艺简单、易控,具有优异的力学性能;厚度为50-500μm;室温离子电导率>10 -3S cm -1,电化学窗口>4.7V;该聚合物电解质能有效抑制锂负极枝晶的生长,提高与界面的相容性和长循环性能;固态锂离子电池在室温下能长时间工作。同时,该聚合物电解质具有良好的柔性,也适用于可穿戴电子设备的柔性锂离子电池器件。
Description
本发明涉及锂离子电池用聚合物电解质领域,特别是一种新型聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质的制备及其在固态锂离子电池中的应用,属于锂离子电池技术领域。
近年来,锂离子电池由于能量密度高、可靠性好使得其应用领域愈加广泛。然而,商用电池大都采用常规有机液体电解液,如碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯等。由于有机电解液通常具有高化学活性、挥发性、易着火、爆炸等安全缺陷严重阻碍了锂离子电池的进一步普及化和应用。此外,采用金属锂作负极时,液态电池在中工作的过程中,随着锂离子的不断嵌入和脱出,在金属锂表面会生成锂枝晶。锂枝晶的生成除了造成死锂区的出现,降低电池的循环性能,还会刺穿隔膜,造成电池短路,严重限制了高能量密度锂金属电池的发展和应用。因此开发固态电解质取代传统的液态电解质,对高能量密度锂金属电池的发展具有划时代的意义。对于无机固态电解质存在的制备工艺复杂、界面相容性差等缺陷,聚合物电解质因与锂金属相容性好、热稳定性高、制备工艺简单、柔韧性好和形状尺寸可调等优点而得到了广泛的认可。理想聚合物电解质应该拥有以下优点:1.接近液态电解液的离子电导率;2.与电极之间具有良好的相容性;3.宽的电化学窗口;4.制备工艺简单。可是,目前为止,聚合物电解质很难同时满足上述优点。
聚氧化乙烯(PEO),1973年Wright等报道,1979年经Armand证实发现,并提议将其作为固态电池的电解质材料,使得聚合物电解质的研究进入了一个新的发展阶段。但由于PEO基聚合物电解质在室温条件下存在离子电导率低(PEO室温电导率约为10
-7Scm
-1)和较低的电化学稳定性窗口,不能满足市场的需求,无法广泛使用和推广。虽然许多学者对PEO进行了物理改性(共混、添加增塑剂)和化学改性(接枝改性),可以在一定程度上提高PEO的离子电导率(室温可达10
-5~10
-4S cm
-1),但仍存在电化学窗口低和界面问题。因此,许多学者致力于开发新型体系的聚合物电解质,其中含有强极性碳酸酯基团[-O-(C=O)-O-]聚合物引起研究人员的广泛关注。专利号CN105591154A提供了一种聚碳酸酯类全固态聚合物电解质,该聚合物电解质室温离子电导率为2×10
-5S cm
-1~1×10
-3S cm
-1,电化学窗口大于4V。此外,专利号CN 105702919A提供了一种包含界面 稳定聚合物材料的锂电池电极制备方法及其在固态锂电池中的应用。采用聚碳酸亚乙烯酯(PVCA)或其共聚物制备聚合物电解质,可以在电极表面形成覆盖膜,能够有效地抑制充放电过程中电极材料的破坏和固态电解质在正负极表面的分解。这两种碳酸酯基聚合物电解质具有高的离子电导率和良好的界面稳定性,但是电化学窗口低(<4.7V),不适宜应用在高镍正极材料体系。
针对上述问题,我们开发了一种新型聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质,采用碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、锂盐、多孔支撑材料以及溶剂制备聚合物电解质。该聚合物电解质的制备工艺简单、易控,具有优异的力学性能;室温离子电导率>10
-3S cm
-1,电化学窗口>4.7V;该聚合物电解质能有效抑制锂负极枝晶的生长,提高与界面的相容性和长循环性能;固态锂离子电池在室温下能长时间工作。同时,该聚合物电解质具有良好的柔性,也适用于可穿戴电子设备的柔性锂离子电池器件。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种新型聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质的制备及其在固态锂离子电池中的应用。
本发明的技术方案为:
一种新型聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质,其特征在于:交联固化前的包括液态的碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、导电锂盐和有机溶剂的液态混合物,其中还添加引发剂或催化剂,多孔支撑材料浸入到液态混合物中或者将液态混合物涂覆到多孔支撑材料上,然后进行固化,制备聚合物电解质;其中所述液态混合物中各物质的组成:碳酸乙烯亚乙酯占混合物的质量分数为30-80%,导电锂盐占混合物的质量分数为10-50%,有机溶剂占混合物的质量分数为1-50%,引发剂(或催化剂)质量分数为碳酸乙烯亚乙酯质量的0.5-5%。
所述的一种新型聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质的制备,其特征在于碳酸乙烯亚乙酯结构如下:
所述的一种新型聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质,其特征在于,导电锂盐为以下中的一种或几种:六氟磷酸锂(LiPF
6)、高氯酸锂(LiClO
4)、双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI)、双(三氟甲烷磺酰)甲基锂[LiC(SO
2CF
3)
3];
所述的有机溶剂为以下中的一种或几种:N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸丁烯脂、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸乙二酯、碳酸甲乙酯、γ-丁内酯、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、乙腈、1,2-二甲氧乙烷、四乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、二甲亚砜;
所述的引发剂或催化剂为以下中的一种:二月桂酸酯二丁基锡、双(乙酰丙酮酸)二丁基锡、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)、偶氮二异庚腈(ABVN)、偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯(AIBME)、过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)、铂金水(Pt);
所述多孔支撑材料为纤维素无纺布、聚乙烯无纺布、聚丙烯无纺布、玻璃纤维无纺布、聚四氟乙烯无纺布中的一种或几种。
所述的一种新型聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质的制备,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:取相应质量分数的碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、导电锂盐和有机溶剂配成电解液,并均匀搅拌;加入相应质量分数的引发剂或催化剂搅拌均匀;将上述电解液涂覆到或浸入含有多孔支撑材料的聚四氟乙烯模具中,在60-120℃下加热固化2-12小时成膜。
所述的一种包含所述的新型聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质的聚合物固态锂锂离子电池,其特征在于,包括:正极、负极和置于正极和负极之间兼具隔膜和电解液功能的本发明上述聚合物电解质;
上述所述的聚合物固态锂锂离子电池,其特征在于:正极活性材料为磷酸铁锂(LiFeO
4)、镍钴铝酸锂(NCA)、富锂材料(LLOs)、钴酸锂(LiCoO
2)、锂离子氟磷酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂、锂锰氧化物、锰酸锂、镍锰酸锂、磷酸锰铁锂、镍酸锂(LiNiO
2)、中的一种或几种;负极活性材料为金属锂、金属锂合金、碳硅复合材料、钛酸锂、石墨、锂金属氮化物、氧化锑、碳锗复合材料、锂钛氧化物中的一种或几种。
所述的一种聚合物固态锂锂离子电池,其特征在于:正极的制备包括以下步骤:(1)正极材料的制备,包括以下步骤:将占质量分数为50-90%的正 极活性材料、占质量分数为5-30%的导电剂乙炔黑研磨混合,加入占质量分数为1-15%的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、1-15%电解液混合液和1-甲基-2吡咯烷酮(NMP)研磨混合得到正极材料,其中1-甲基-2吡咯烷酮(NMP)用于调节粘度,不计入到正极材料质量百分比组成中;(2)将正极材料涂敷在铝箔表面,烘干得到正极;
金属锂、金属锂合金可以直接作为相应的负极;
或负极的制备,包括以下步骤:(1)负极材料制备:将占质量分数为30-80%的负极活性材料,占质量分数为5-30%的导电剂乙炔黑研磨混合;加入占质量分数为5-25%聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、1-15%电解液混合液和1-甲基-2吡咯烷酮(NMP)研磨混合,得到负极材料;其中1-甲基-2吡咯烷酮(NMP)用于调节粘度,不计入到负极材料质量百分比组成中;(2)涂敷在铜箔表面,烘干,得到负极。
正极材料和负极材料中的电解液混合液的组成为:电解液混合液组分碳酸乙烯亚乙酯占电解液混合液质量分数为30-80%,导电锂盐占电解液混合液的质量分数为10-50%,有机溶剂占电解液混合液的质量分数为1-50%,引发剂或催化剂质量分数为碳酸乙烯亚乙酯质量的0.5-5%;电解液混合液中各物质的具体选择范围与上述所述的聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质原材料各物质的选择范围相同。
电池的制备工艺有(1):非原位组装工艺---正极、负极和上述的固态聚合物电解质;(2):原位组装工艺---将上述的电解液混合液注射到正极、隔膜和负极的电池体系中,60-120℃固化。
本发明的创新性和实用性在于:
本发明首次将碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、导电锂盐、多孔支撑材料和有机溶剂的混合物制备固态聚合物电解质。该聚合物电解质在室温下具有很高的离子电导率(>10
-3S cm
-1)、电化学窗口(>4.7V)和热稳定性。同时,该聚合物电解质在组装成固态锂离子电池时,可以在锂电池电极材料及金属锂表面形成一个保护层,能够有效地抑制锂离子的嵌入与脱出而造成的电极晶体的破坏,进而提高锂电池的长循环稳定性能。并且本发明的聚合物电解质制备过程中可以不添加有机溶剂, 采用原位聚合制备聚合物电解质,消除了安全隐患和环境污染,大大提升了锂电池的安全性和实用性。可应用到全固态锂电池(包括锂-硫电池)、全固态锂离子电池以及其他二次高能锂电池中。
图1为聚合物电解质制备实施例2中的CV图。
图2为固态锂离子电池制备实施例7中锂离子电池充放电性能。
以下通过具体实施例来说明本发明,提高实施例是为了更好地理解本发明,绝不是限制本发明的范围。
聚合物电解质的制备:
实施例1
将3g碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、0.8g双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI)溶解到5ml乙腈中,室温下搅拌使其完全溶解;添加0.1g偶氮二异丁腈均匀搅拌。在聚四氟乙烯模具上,以whatman膜为多孔支撑骨架,将搅拌均匀的混合物刮涂到whatman膜的两面;真空干燥箱80℃下加热10小时固化成膜。
实施例2
将1g碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、0.25g双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI)溶解到1.5ml N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)中,室温下搅拌使其完全溶解;添加0.02g偶氮二异丁腈均匀搅拌。在聚四氟乙烯模具上,以whatman膜为多孔支撑骨架,将搅拌均匀的混合物刮涂到whatman膜的两面;真空干燥箱80℃下加热10小时固化成膜。
实施例3
将1.38g碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、0.4g双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI)溶解到1.5ml N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)中,室温下搅拌使其完全溶解;添加0.02g双(乙酰丙酮酸)二丁基锡均匀搅拌。在聚四氟乙烯模具上,以whatman膜为多孔支撑骨架,将搅拌均匀的混合物刮涂到whatman膜的两面;真空干燥箱80℃下加热10小 时固化成膜。
实施例4
将1.8g碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、0.65g高氯酸锂(LiClO
4)溶解到2ml四氢呋喃中,室温下搅拌使其完全溶解;添加0.02g双(乙酰丙酮酸)二丁基锡均匀搅拌。在聚四氟乙烯模具上,以whatman膜为多孔支撑骨架,将搅拌均匀的混合物刮涂到whatman膜的两面;真空干燥箱80℃下加热10小时固化成膜。
实施例4
将2.3g碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、0.8g高氯酸锂(LiClO
4)溶解到2ml四氢呋喃中,室温下搅拌使其完全溶解;添加0.05g铂金水(Pt)均匀搅拌。在聚四氟乙烯模具上,以whatman膜为多孔支撑骨架,将搅拌均匀的混合物刮涂到whatman膜的两面;真空干燥箱80℃下加热10小时固化成膜。
实施例5
将5g碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、1.23g双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI)溶解到5ml二甲亚砜中,室温下搅拌使其完全溶解;添加0.08g铂金水(Pt)均匀搅拌。在聚四氟乙烯模具上,以whatman膜为多孔支撑骨架,将搅拌均匀的混合物刮涂到whatman膜的两面;真空干燥箱80℃下加热10小时固化成膜。
电解质厚度:采用千分尺(精度0.01毫米)测量嵌段聚合物电解质的厚度,任意去膜上3个点测量,求平均值。
电化学窗口:采用不锈钢和锂片夹住聚合物电解质,组装2032的扣式电池,进行线性伏安扫描测量,起始电压2.8V,最高电位5.5V,扫描速度为1mV S
-1。
| 实施例 | 离子电导率(S cm -1,25℃) | 电化学窗口(V) |
| 1 | 1.4×10 -3 | 4.7 |
| 2 | 1.13×10 -3 | 4.7 |
| 3 | 1.51×10 -3 | 4.75 |
| 4 | 2.01×10 -3 | 4.75 |
| 5 | 1.18×10 -3 | 4.7 |
固态锂离子电池的制备:以下实施例中所用电解质混合液的具体组成与之相对应的固态聚合电解质成分一样。
实施例6
将80mg的镍钴铝酸锂和15mg的导电剂乙炔黑均匀研磨40min;加入5mg粘结剂聚偏氟乙烯、3mg电解质混合液和160μL 1-甲基-2吡咯烷酮均匀研磨40min;涂敷在铝箔表面,在真空条件下80℃烘干8h;将极片裁成R=0.6mm的圆片,采用上述聚合物电解质制备实施例1中的聚合物电解质组装固态锂离子半电池,然后以金属锂作为负极。
实施例7
将240mg的磷酸铁锂和45mg的导电剂乙炔黑均匀研磨40min;加入15mg粘结剂聚偏氟乙烯、15mg电解质混合液和150μL 1-甲基-2吡咯烷酮均匀研磨40min;涂敷在铝箔表面,在真空条件下80℃烘干8h;将极片裁成R=0.6mm的圆片,采用上述聚合物电解质组装固态锂离子半电池。然后以金属锂作为负极。
实施例8
将250mg的镍钴铝酸锂和46.8mg的导电剂乙炔黑均匀研磨40min;加入15mg粘结剂聚偏氟乙烯、15mg电解质混合液和150μL 1-甲基-2吡咯烷酮均匀研磨40min;涂敷在铝箔表面,在真空条件下80℃烘干8h;将极片裁成R=0.6mm的圆片,采用上述聚合物电解质组装固态锂离子半电池。然后以金属锂作为负极。
Claims (10)
- 一种新型聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质,其特征在于:交联固化前的包括液态的碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、导电锂盐和有机溶剂的液态混合物,其中还添加引发剂或催化剂,多孔支撑材料浸入到液态混合物中或者将液态混合物涂覆到多孔支撑材料上,然后进行固化,制备聚合物电解质;其中所述液态混合物中各物质的组成:碳酸乙烯亚乙酯占混合物的质量分数为30-80%,导电锂盐占混合物的质量分数为10-50%,有机溶剂占混合物的质量分数为1-50%,引发剂或催化剂质量分数为碳酸乙烯亚乙酯质量的0.5-5%。
- 按照权利要求1所述的一种新型聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质,其特征在于:导电锂盐为以下中的一种或几种:六氟磷酸锂(LiPF 6)、高氯酸锂(LiClO 4)、双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI)、双(三氟甲烷磺酰)甲基锂[LiC(SO 2CF 3) 3]。
- 按照权利要求1所述的一种新型聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质,其特征在于:有机溶剂为以下中的一种或几种:N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸丁烯脂、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸乙二酯、碳酸甲乙酯、γ-丁内酯、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、乙腈、1,2-二甲氧乙烷、四乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二甲醚、二甲亚砜;引发剂或催化剂为以下中的一种:二月桂酸酯二丁基锡、双(乙酰丙酮酸)二丁基锡、偶氮二异庚腈(ABVN)偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)、偶氮二异丁酸二甲酯(AIBME)、过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)、铂金水(Pt)。
- 按照权利要求1所述的一种新型聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质,其特征在于:所述多孔支撑材料为纤维素无纺布、聚乙烯无纺布、聚丙烯无纺布、玻璃纤维无纺布、聚四氟乙烯无纺布中的一种或几种。
- 制备权利要求1-5任一项所述的新型聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:取相应质量分数的碳酸乙烯亚乙酯、导电锂盐和有机溶剂配成电解液,并均匀搅拌;加入相应质量分数的引发剂或催化剂搅拌均匀;将上述电解液涂覆到或浸入含有多孔支撑材料的聚四氟乙烯模具中,在60-120℃下加热固化2-12小时成膜。
- 一种包含1-5任一项所述的新型聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质的聚合物固态锂离子电池,其特征在于,包括:正极、负极和置于正极和负极之间兼具隔膜和电解液功能的聚合物电解质。
- 按照权利要求7所述的聚合物固态锂锂离子电池,其特征在于:正极活性材料为磷酸铁锂(LiFeO 4)、镍钴铝酸锂(NCA)、富锂材料(LLOs)、钴酸锂(LiCoO 2)、锂离子氟磷酸锂、镍钴锰酸锂、锂锰氧化物、锰酸锂、镍锰酸锂、磷酸锰铁锂、镍酸锂(LiNiO 2)中的一种或几种;负极活性材料为金属锂、金属锂合金、碳硅复合材料、钛酸锂、石墨、锂金属氮化物、氧化锑、碳锗复合材料、锂钛氧化物中的一种或几种;正极的制备包括以下步骤:(1)正极材料的制备,包括以下步骤:将占质量分数为50-90%的正极活性材料、占质量分数为5-30%的导电剂乙炔黑研磨混合,加入占质量分数为1-15%的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、1-15%电解液混合液和1-甲基-2吡咯烷酮(NMP)研磨混合得到正极材料,其中1-甲基-2吡咯烷酮(NMP)用于调节粘度,不计入到正极材料质量百分比组成中;(2)将正极材料涂敷在铝箔表面,烘干得到正极;金属锂、金属锂合金可以直接作为相应的负极;或负极的制备,包括以下步骤:(1)负极材料制备:将占质量分数为30-80%的负极活性材料,占质量分数为5-30%的导电剂乙炔黑研磨混合;加入占质量分数为5-25%聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、1-15%电解液混合液和1-甲基-2吡咯烷酮(NMP)研磨混合,得到负极材料;其中1-甲基-2吡咯烷酮(NMP)用于调节粘度,不计入到负极材料质量百分比组成中;(2)涂敷在铜箔表面,烘干,得到负极。
- 按照权利要求8所述的聚合物固态锂锂离子电池,其特征在于:正极材料和负极材料中的电解液混合液的组成为:电解液混合液组分碳酸乙烯亚乙酯占电解液混合液质量分数为30-80%,导电锂盐占电解液混合液的质量分数为10-50%,有机溶剂占电解液混合液的质量分数为1-50%,引发剂或催化剂质量分数为碳酸乙烯亚乙酯质量的0.5-5%;电解液混合液中各物质的具体选择范围与聚碳酸酯基聚合物电解质原材料各物质的选择范围相同。
- 按照权利要求7所述的聚合物固态锂锂离子电池,其特征在于:电池的制备包括以下两种方法;(1):非原位组装工艺---正极、负极和权利要求6所述的固态聚合物电解质;(2):原位组装工艺---将权利要求9所述的电解液混合液注射到正极、隔膜和负极的电池体系中,60-120℃固化。
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