WO2020107287A1 - 多孔复合隔膜，其制备方法和包含其的锂离子电池 - Google Patents

多孔复合隔膜，其制备方法和包含其的锂离子电池 Download PDF

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WO2020107287A1
WO2020107287A1 PCT/CN2018/118010 CN2018118010W WO2020107287A1 WO 2020107287 A1 WO2020107287 A1 WO 2020107287A1 CN 2018118010 W CN2018118010 W CN 2018118010W WO 2020107287 A1 WO2020107287 A1 WO 2020107287A1
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ceramic powder
range
porous coating
coating
binder
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PCT/CN2018/118010
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English (en)
French (fr)
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高保清
陈红辉
舒均国
陈立新
杨天乐
毛冬琪
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湖南中锂新材料有限公司
湖南中锂新材料科技有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/118010 priority Critical patent/WO2020107287A1/zh
Publication of WO2020107287A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020107287A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/443—Particulate material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a porous composite separator, a preparation method thereof and a lithium ion battery containing the same.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have wide application prospects due to their advantages such as high specific energy, long cycle life, and rapid charge and discharge, such as automobiles, mobile phones, computers, and cameras.
  • Lithium ion batteries include positive and negative electrode materials, electrolytes and separators.
  • the separator is one of the key components of the lithium ion battery, which determines the interface structure of the battery and directly affects the capacity, safety performance and cycle performance of the battery.
  • the prior art mainly uses inorganic materials such as aluminum oxide to coat the separator, but because the coating is made of solid particles, the density is relatively large and the specific surface area is limited. The lower adsorption rate increases the internal resistance of the battery and reduces the capacity of the battery, especially after multiple cycles. At the same time, coating the solid particles will block the pore size of the separator surface, resulting in a change in the specific surface area of the separator. Small, lower battery energy density.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a composite separator, a preparation method of the composite separator, and a lithium ion battery including the composite separator, the composite separator has an excellent specific surface area and can provide excellent electrolyte adsorption strength and battery cycle performance.
  • a composite separator including a polymer separator and a porous coating layer on at least one side of the polymer separator, the porous coating layer including ceramic powder and a binder as components, Nanopores with an average diameter in the range of 1-5 nm are distributed in the layer, and the porous coating layer has a specific surface area in the range of 1200-2000 m 2 /g.
  • ⁇ 2> The composite separator according to ⁇ 1>, wherein the ceramic powder is selected from metal oxides, metal nitrides, or a combination thereof.
  • a lithium ion battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the composite separator according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>.
  • Drying the coating layer causes the pore-forming agent to decompose under heat, thereby obtaining the composite membrane.
  • pore-forming agent is selected from one or a combination of bicarbonate, oxalic acid, ammonium carbonate, and amine nitrate.
  • ⁇ 7> The method according to ⁇ 5> or ⁇ 6>, wherein the pore-forming agent accounts for 0.5-2% by weight of the slurry.
  • ⁇ 8> The method according to any one of ⁇ 5> to ⁇ 7>, wherein the ceramic powder is selected from metal oxides, metal nitrides, or a combination thereof.
  • ⁇ 9> The method according to any one of ⁇ 5> to ⁇ 8>, wherein the weight ratio of the ceramic powder to the binder is in the range of 7:3-9:1.
  • ⁇ 10> The method according to any one of ⁇ 5> to ⁇ 9>, wherein the coating layer is sequentially dried in a plurality of temperature-increasing continuous drying sections having a temperature range of 45-75°C.
  • a pore-forming agent is used in the process of preparing the coating.
  • the pore-forming agent can decompose under the processing conditions and generate gas such as carbon dioxide, thereby forming a microscopic pore structure inside the coating, which greatly enhances the membrane coating. Specific surface area and can provide excellent electrolyte adsorption strength and battery cycle performance.
  • the composite membrane according to the present invention includes a polymer membrane and a porous coating layer on at least one side of the polymer membrane, the porous coating layer including ceramic powder and a binder as components, distributed in the porous coating layer There are nanopores with an average diameter in the range of 1-5 nm, and the porous coating layer has a specific surface area in the range of 1200-2000 m 2 /g. The average diameter of the pores is preferably in the range of 2-3 nm.
  • the porous coating layer preferably has a specific surface area in the range of 1500-1800 m 2 /g.
  • the porous coating layer has a porosity of 45-60%.
  • the binder may include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the like.
  • the thickness of the porous coating layer may be in the range of 2-8 ⁇ m.
  • the porous coating layer may also contain other components such as plasticizers, stabilizers and the like.
  • the porous coating can be located on one or both sides of the polymer membrane.
  • Polymer membranes are conventional, including polyolefin membranes such as polyethylene or polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes, and may be commercially available.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the polymer membrane may be microporous.
  • the ceramic powder may be selected from metal oxides, metal nitrides, or a combination thereof.
  • the metal oxide may be selected from aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, calcium oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, or other divalent metal oxides or combinations thereof.
  • the metal nitride may be selected from silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, etc., and combinations thereof.
  • the weight ratio of the ceramic powder to the binder may be in the range of 7:3-9:1.
  • the method for preparing a composite membrane according to the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Drying the coating layer causes the pore-forming agent to decompose under heat, thereby obtaining the composite membrane.
  • the binder may include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the like.
  • the pore-forming agent may be selected from one or a combination of amine bicarbonate, oxalic acid, ammonium carbonate, and amine nitrate.
  • the pore-forming agent may comprise 0.5-2% by weight of the slurry.
  • the ceramic powder may be selected from metal oxides, metal nitrides, or combinations thereof.
  • the metal oxide may be selected from aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, calcium oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, or other divalent metal oxides or combinations thereof.
  • the metal nitride may be selected from silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, etc., and combinations thereof.
  • the weight ratio of the ceramic powder to the binder may be in the range of 7:3-9:1.
  • polymer membranes are conventional, including polyolefin membranes such as polyethylene or polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes, and may be commercially available.
  • the polymer membrane may be microporous.
  • a coating machine may be used to apply the slurry to at least one side of the polymer membrane.
  • the coating methods include bar coating, blade coating, curtain coating, spraying and so on.
  • the coating is dried in the temperature range of 45-75°C, and it is particularly advantageous to coat the coating in multiple (eg, 4) continuous drying zones with increasing temperature
  • the sections are dried in sequence, as this helps to obtain more uniform pores.
  • the drying time may be in the range of 1-5 hours.
  • the lithium ion battery according to the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the composite separator as described above.
  • conventional materials can be used for the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolyte.
  • the above composite separator is assembled with a lithium nickel cobalt manganate positive electrode, a silicon carbon negative electrode and a lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte in a conventional manner to form a lithium ion battery.
  • oxalic acid 4g was added to 20g of polyvinylidene fluoride solution and stirred until dissolved, then 180g of nickel oxide powder was added and stirred uniformly to form a slurry.
  • the slurry was applied to one side of the polypropylene membrane using a coating machine to obtain a coating.
  • the coated diaphragm was placed in an oven provided with four successive drying sections with increasing temperature (temperatures of 45°C, 55°C, 60°C, and 75°C) in order to dry for 1 hour to obtain a composite separator.
  • the above composite separator is assembled with a lithium nickel cobalt manganate positive electrode, a silicon carbon negative electrode and a lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte in a conventional manner to form a lithium ion battery.
  • the above composite separator is assembled with a lithium nickel cobalt manganate positive electrode, a silicon carbon negative electrode and a lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte in a conventional manner to form a lithium ion battery.
  • amine nitrate 2.5 g was added to 20 g of polyvinylidene fluoride solution and stirred until dissolved, then 180 g of titanium oxide powder was added and stirred uniformly to form a slurry.
  • the slurry was applied to one side of the polyethylene separator using a coating machine to obtain a coating.
  • the membrane coated with the coating was placed in an oven provided with four successive drying sections of increasing temperature (temperatures in order of 45°C, 55°C, 60°C, and 75°C) for 1 hour to obtain a composite membrane.
  • the above composite separator is assembled with a lithium nickel cobalt manganate positive electrode, a silicon carbon negative electrode and a lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte in a conventional manner to form a lithium ion battery.
  • porous coating of the composite separator prepared in Examples 1 to 4 was microscopically inspected by JST-3000 electron scanning electron microscope (Japan Electronics), and then the average diameter of pores in the coating was measured and calculated.
  • porous coating of the composite membrane prepared in Examples 1 to 4 was measured by a 3H-2000PS1 specific surface and pore size analyzer (Beijing Best Instrument Technology) according to a conventional manner.
  • porous coating of the composite membrane prepared in Examples 1 to 4 was measured by a 3H-2000PS1 specific surface and pore size analyzer (Beijing Best Instrument Technology) according to a conventional manner.
  • the composite separators prepared in Examples 1 to 4 were subjected to the electrolyte adsorption strength test as follows. Cut the composite diaphragm into 10x10mm size, and then completely immerse it in 100mL of electrolyte. After 20min, take it out and let it stand for 5min. Check the weight of the composite diaphragm before and after immersion, and calculate the adsorption strength according to the following formula.
  • Adsorption strength (weight of composite membrane after immersion-weight of composite membrane before immersion) / weight of composite membrane after immersion
  • the lithium ion batteries prepared in Examples 1 to 4 were tested for battery cycle performance as follows.
  • the prepared lithium-ion battery was charged and discharged 100 times at a rate of 1C, and placed for 60 minutes to detect the capacity of the battery.
  • the composite separators prepared in Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention have excellent specific surface area and electrolyte adsorption strength, and the lithium ion battery using the composite separator of the present invention has excellent battery cycle performance.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有优异的比表面积并且可以提供优异的电解液吸附强度和电池循环性能的复合隔膜，其制备方法和包含其的锂离子电池，该复合隔膜包括聚合物隔膜和在所述聚合物隔膜的至少一侧的多孔涂层，所述多孔涂层包含陶瓷粉末和粘结剂作为组分，在所述多孔涂层中分布有平均直径在1-5nm的范围内的纳米孔隙，并且所述多孔涂层具有在1200-2000m 2/g的范围内的比表面积。

Description

多孔复合隔膜，其制备方法和包含其的锂离子电池 技术领域
本发明属于锂离子电池技术领域，具体涉及一种多孔复合隔膜，其制备方法和包含其的锂离子电池。
背景技术
锂离子电池由于高比能量、长循环寿命、快速充放电等优点而具有广泛的应用前景，例如汽车、手机、电脑、相机等。锂离子电池包括由正负电极材料、电解质及隔膜。隔膜是锂离子电池的关键组件之一，决定了电池的界面结构，直接影响电池的容量，安全性能和循环性能。为了提升隔膜的性能，现有技术主要采用三氧化二铝等无机材料对隔膜进行涂布，但由于涂层由实心颗粒涂布而成，密度相对较大，比表面积受限，对电解液的吸附率较低，增加了电池的内阻，降低了电池容量，尤其是多次循环后的容量，同时将实心颗粒进行涂覆，会使隔膜表面的孔径出现堵塞，导致隔膜整体的比表面积变小，降低电池能量密度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种复合隔膜，该复合隔膜的制备方法和包含该复合隔膜的锂离子电池，该复合隔膜具有优异的比表面积并且可以提供优异的电解液吸附强度和电池循环性能。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：
<1>一种复合隔膜，其包括聚合物隔膜和在所述聚合物隔膜的至少一侧的多孔涂层，所述多孔涂层包含陶瓷粉末和粘结剂作为组分，在所述多孔涂层中分布有平均直径在1-5nm的范围内的纳米孔隙，并且所述多孔涂层具有在1200-2000m 2/g的范围内的比表面积。
<2>根据<1>所述的复合隔膜，其中所述陶瓷粉末选自金属氧化物,金属氮化物或它们的组合。
<3>根据<1>或<2>所述的复合隔膜，其中所述陶瓷粉末与所述粘结剂的重量比在7:3-9:1的范围内。
<4>一种锂离子电池，其包括正极、负极以及介于正极与负极之间的电解液和根据根据<1>至<3>中任一项所述的复合隔膜。
<5>一种用于制备<1>所述的复合隔膜的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
将造孔剂和陶瓷粉末加入到粘结剂中以形成浆料；
将浆料涂敷在聚合物隔膜的至少一侧以得到涂层；
将所述涂层干燥使得所述造孔剂受热分解，从而得到所述复合隔膜。
<6>根据<5>所述的方法，其中所述造孔剂选自碳酸氢胺、草酸、碳酸铵和硝酸胺中的一种或它们的组合。
<7>根据<5>或<6>所述的方法，其中所述造孔剂占所述浆料的0.5-2重量％。
<8>根据<5>至<7>中任一项所述的方法，其中所述陶瓷粉末选自金属氧化物,金属氮化物或它们的组合。
<9>根据<5>至<8>中任一项所述的方法，其中所述陶瓷粉末与所述粘结剂的重量比在7:3-9:1的范围内。
<10>根据<5>至<9>中任一项所述的方法，其中将所述涂层在温度范围为45-75℃的多个温度递增的连续干燥区段内依次干燥。
有益效果
根据本发明，在制备涂层的过程中使用了造孔剂，造孔剂在加工条件下可以分解并产生气体如二氧化碳，从而在涂层内部形成微观的孔隙结构，这大大增强隔膜涂层的比表面积并且可以提供优异的电解液吸附强度和电池循环性能。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的复合隔膜包括聚合物隔膜和在所述聚合物隔膜的至少一侧的多孔涂层，所述多孔涂层包含陶瓷粉末和粘结剂作为组分，在所述多孔涂层中分布有平均直径在1-5nm的范围内的纳米孔隙，并且所述多孔涂层具有在1200-2000m 2/g的范围内的比表面积。孔隙的平均直径优选优选2-3nm的范围内。所述多孔涂层优选具有1500-1800m 2/g的范围内的比 表面积。优选所述多孔涂层具有45-60％的孔隙率。
在本发明的复合隔膜的实施方案中，粘结剂可以包括聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)等。
根据本发明，多孔涂层的厚度可以是在2-8μm的范围内。根据需要,所述多孔涂层还可以包含其他组分如增塑剂、稳定剂等。
根据本发明，多孔涂层可以位于聚合物隔膜的一侧或两侧。聚合物隔膜是常规的，包括聚烯烃隔膜如聚乙烯或聚丙烯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)隔膜，并且可以是商购的。聚合物隔膜可以是微孔的。
在本发明的复合隔膜的实施方案中，所述陶瓷粉末可以选自金属氧化物,金属氮化物或它们的组合。所述金属氧化物可以选自氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化钙、氧化锆、氧化镍、氧化钛、氧化铜或其他二价态金属氧化物或它们的组合。所述金属氮化物可以选自氮化硅或氮化铝等，以及它们的组合。
在本发明的复合隔膜的实施方案中，所述陶瓷粉末与所述粘结剂的重量比可以在7:3-9:1的范围内。
根据本发明的用于制备复合隔膜的方法包括以下步骤：
将造孔剂和陶瓷粉末加入到粘结剂中以形成浆料；
将浆料涂敷在聚合物隔膜的至少一侧以得到涂层；
将所述涂层干燥使得所述造孔剂受热分解，从而得到所述复合隔膜。
在本发明的方法的实施方案中，粘结剂可以包括聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)等。
在本发明的方法的实施方案中，所述造孔剂可以选自碳酸氢胺、草酸、碳酸铵和硝酸胺中的一种或它们的组合。
在本发明的的方法的实施方案中，所述造孔剂可以占所述浆料的0.5-2重量％。
在本发明的的方法的实施方案中，所述陶瓷粉末可以选自金属氧化物,金属氮化物或它们的组合。所述金属氧化物可以选自氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化钙、氧化锆、氧化镍、氧化钛、氧化铜或其他二价态金属氧化物或它们的组合。所述金属氮化物可以选自氮化硅或氮化铝等，以及它们的组合。
在本发明的的方法的实施方案中，所述陶瓷粉末与所述粘结剂的重量比可以在7:3-9:1的范围内。
在本发明的方法的实施方案中，聚合物隔膜是常规的，包括聚烯烃隔膜如聚乙烯或聚丙烯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)隔膜，并且可以是商购的。聚合物隔膜可以是微孔的。
在本发明的的方法的实施方案中，可以使用涂覆机将浆料涂敷在聚合物隔膜的至少一侧。涂敷方法包括棒涂、刮涂、幕涂、喷涂等。
在本发明的的方法的实施方案中，将所述涂层在45-75℃的温度范围内干燥，特别有利的是将所述涂层在多个(例如4个)温度递增的连续干燥区段内依次干燥，因为这有助于获得更均匀的孔隙。此外，干燥时间可以在1-5小时的范围内。
根据本发明的锂离子电池包括正极、负极以及介于正极与负极之间的电解液和如上所述的复合隔膜。
在本发明中，正极、负极和电解液可以使用常规的材料。
实施例
以下，将通过一些实施例来具体说明本发明。应当懂得，这些实施例仅用于说明的目的，它们并不以任何方式对本发明构成限制。
实施例1
将1.5g的碳酸氢胺加入到60g聚偏二氟乙烯溶液中并且搅拌至溶解，然后加入140g的氧化锆粉末并且搅拌均匀以形成浆料。使用涂覆机将浆料涂敷在聚丙烯隔膜的一侧以得到涂层。将涂覆有涂层的隔膜放入设置有4个温度递增(温度依次为45℃、55℃、60℃、75℃)的连续干燥区段的烘箱中干燥1小时以得到复合隔膜。
将上述复合隔膜与镍钴锰酸锂正极、硅碳负极和六氟磷酸锂电解液以常规方式组装成锂离子电池。
实施例2
将4g的草酸加入到20g聚偏二氟乙烯溶液中并且搅拌至溶解，然后加入180g的氧化镍粉末并且搅拌均匀以形成浆料。使用涂覆机将浆料涂敷在聚丙烯隔膜的一侧以得到涂层。将涂覆有涂层的隔膜放入设置有4个温 度递增(温度依次为45℃、55℃、60℃、75℃)的连续干燥区段的烘箱中干燥1小时以得到复合隔膜。
将上述复合隔膜与镍钴锰酸锂正极、硅碳负极和六氟磷酸锂电解液以常规方式组装成锂离子电池。
实施例3
将2.5g的碳酸铵加入到20g聚偏二氟乙烯溶液中并且搅拌至溶解，然后加入180g的氧化铜粉末并且搅拌均匀以形成浆料。使用涂覆机将浆料涂敷在聚丙烯隔膜的一侧以得到涂层。将涂覆有涂层的隔膜放入设置有4个温度递增(温度依次为45℃、55℃、60℃、75℃)的连续干燥区段的烘箱中干燥1小时以得到复合隔膜。
将上述复合隔膜与镍钴锰酸锂正极、硅碳负极和六氟磷酸锂电解液以常规方式组装成锂离子电池。
实施例4
将2.5g的硝酸胺加入到20g聚偏二氟乙烯溶液中并且搅拌至溶解，然后加入180g的氧化钛粉末并且搅拌均匀以形成浆料。使用涂覆机将浆料涂敷在聚乙烯隔膜的一侧以得到涂层。将涂覆有涂层的隔膜放入设置有4个温度递增(温度依次为45℃、55℃、60℃、75℃)的连续干燥区段的烘箱中干燥1小时以得到复合隔膜。
将上述复合隔膜与镍钴锰酸锂正极、硅碳负极和六氟磷酸锂电解液以常规方式组装成锂离子电池。
性能测试
(1)孔隙平均直径
通过JST-3000电子扫描电镜(日本电子)对实施例1至4中制备的复合隔膜的多孔涂层进行微观检测，然后测量并且计算涂层中的孔隙平均直径。
(2)孔隙率
通过3H-2000PS1比表面及孔径分析仪(北京贝士德仪器科技)对实施例1至4中制备的复合隔膜的多孔涂层根据常规方式进行测量。
(3)比表面积
通过3H-2000PS1比表面及孔径分析仪(北京贝士德仪器科技)对实施例1至4中制备的复合隔膜的多孔涂层根据常规方式进行测量。
(4)电解液吸附强度
如下将实施例1至4中制备的复合隔膜进行电解液吸附强度测试。将复合隔膜裁切成10x10mm规格，然后完全浸到100mL电解液中，20min后取出自然放置5min，检测浸泡前后的复合隔膜重量，根据下式计算吸附强度。
吸附强度＝(浸泡后复合隔膜重量-浸泡前复合隔膜重量)/浸泡后复合隔膜重量
(5)电池循环性能
如下将实施例1至4中制备的锂离子电池进行电池循环性能测试。将所制备的锂离子电池在1C倍率下充放电100次，并放置60min，检测电池的容量。
测试结果如下表1所示。
表1
Figure PCTCN2018118010-appb-000001
由表1中的结果所示，本发明实施例1至4中制备的复合隔膜具有优异的比表面积和电解液吸附强度，并且使用本发明的复合隔膜的锂离子电池具有优异的电池循环性能。
上述实施例仅例示性的说明了本发明，而非用于限制本发明。熟知本领域的技术人员应当理解，在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，对本发明实施例所作的任何更改和变化均落在本发明的范围内。且本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求确定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种复合隔膜，其包括聚合物隔膜和在所述聚合物隔膜的至少一侧的多孔涂层，所述多孔涂层包含陶瓷粉末和粘结剂作为组分，在所述多孔涂层中分布有平均直径在1-5nm的范围内的纳米孔隙，并且所述多孔涂层具有在1200-2000m 2/g的范围内的比表面积。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的复合隔膜，其特征在于所述陶瓷粉末选自金属氧化物,金属氮化物或它们的组合。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的复合隔膜，其特征在于所述陶瓷粉末与所述粘结剂的重量比在7:3-9:1的范围内。
  4. 一种锂离子电池，其包括正极、负极以及介于正极与负极之间的电解液和根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的复合隔膜。
  5. 一种用于制备权利要求1所述的复合隔膜的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    将造孔剂和陶瓷粉末加入到粘结剂中以形成浆料；
    将浆料涂敷在聚合物隔膜的至少一侧以得到涂层；
    将所述涂层干燥使得所述造孔剂受热分解，从而得到所述复合隔膜。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于所述造孔剂选自碳酸氢胺、草酸、碳酸铵和硝酸胺中的一种或它们的组合。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于所述造孔剂占所述浆料的0.5-2重量％。
  8. 根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于所述陶瓷粉末选自金属氧化物,金属氮化物或它们的组合。
  9. 根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于所述陶瓷粉末与所述粘结剂的重量比在7:3-9:1的范围内。
  10. 根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于将所述涂层在温度范围为45-75℃的多个温度递增的连续干燥区段内依次干燥。
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