WO2020083150A1 - 一种发动机尾气除尘系统和方法 - Google Patents

一种发动机尾气除尘系统和方法 Download PDF

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WO2020083150A1
WO2020083150A1 PCT/CN2019/112116 CN2019112116W WO2020083150A1 WO 2020083150 A1 WO2020083150 A1 WO 2020083150A1 CN 2019112116 W CN2019112116 W CN 2019112116W WO 2020083150 A1 WO2020083150 A1 WO 2020083150A1
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Prior art keywords
electric field
exhaust gas
anode
dedusting electric
cathode
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PCT/CN2019/112116
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐万福
段志军
邹永安
奚勇
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上海必修福企业管理有限公司
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Publication of WO2020083150A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020083150A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/01—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/01—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation
    • B03C3/014—Addition of water; Heat exchange, e.g. by condensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
    • B03C3/0175—Amassing particles by electric fields, e.g. agglomeration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
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    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/06—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary tube electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B03C3/28—Plant or installations without electricity supply, e.g. using electrets
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    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/38—Particle charging or ionising stations, e.g. using electric discharge, radioactive radiation or flames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
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    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/70—Applications of electricity supply techniques insulating in electric separators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/88—Cleaning-out collected particles
    • B03C3/885—Cleaning-out collected particles by travelling or oscillating electric fields, e.g. electric field curtains
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805—Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/005—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for draining or otherwise eliminating condensates or moisture accumulating in the apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/0205—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/05—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using kinetic energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
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    • B03C2201/06—Ionising electrode being a needle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B03C2201/08—Ionising electrode being a rod
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B03C2201/30—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation for use in or with vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/04—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric, e.g. electrostatic, device other than a heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/38—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an ozone (O3) generator, e.g. for adding ozone after generation of ozone from air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/20—Dimensional characteristics of tubes, e.g. length, diameter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and relates to an engine exhaust dust removal system and method.
  • particulate filtering is usually performed through a diesel particulate filter (DPF).
  • DPF diesel particulate filter
  • the DPF works in a combustion mode, that is, it uses carbon deposits in the porous structure to be fully blocked and then heated up to the ignition point to burn in a natural or combustion-supporting manner.
  • the working principle of the DPF is as follows: the intake air with particulate matter enters the honeycomb carrier of the DPF, the particulate matter is intercepted in the honeycomb loading body, and most of the particulate matter has been filtered out when the intake air flows out of the DPF.
  • the carrier materials of DPF are mainly cordierite, silicon carbide, aluminum titanate, etc., which can be selected and used according to the actual situation.
  • the above method stores the following defects:
  • Electrostatic dust removal is a gas dust removal method, usually used in metallurgy, chemical and other industrial fields to purify gas or recover useful dust particles.
  • the prior art due to problems such as large occupied space, complicated system structure, and poor dust removal effect (especially, under the condition of high temperature or low temperature exhaust gas containing water droplets, the dust removal efficiency is significantly reduced), the engine intake cannot be based on electrostatic dust removal Particulate matter is processed.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an engine exhaust dust removal system and method for solving at least one of the problems of the prior art engine exhaust dust removal system requiring regular maintenance and unstable effects.
  • the present invention discovered new problems in the existing ionization dust removal technology through research and solved it through a series of technical means, for example, when the exhaust gas temperature or the engine temperature is below a certain temperature, the engine exhaust gas may contain liquid water,
  • the invention installs a water removal device in front of the tail gas electric field device to remove the liquid water in the tail gas to improve the ionization and dust removal effect; under high temperature conditions, by controlling the ratio of the dust collection area of the anode of the tail gas electric field device to the discharge area of the cathode, cathode / anode
  • the length, the distance between the poles and the setting of the auxiliary electric field, etc. effectively reduce the electric field coupling, and make the exhaust gas electric field device still have high efficiency dust collection capacity under high temperature impact.
  • the invention provides a system and method for removing dust from engine exhaust.
  • the engine exhaust gas dedusting system includes an exhaust gas dedusting system inlet, an exhaust gas dedusting system outlet, and an exhaust gas electric field device.
  • the engine exhaust gas dust removal system of the present invention has a good dust removal effect, and can effectively remove particulate matter in the engine exhaust gas.
  • Example 1 provided by the present invention: an engine emission treatment system.
  • Example 2 provided by the present invention: including the above example 1, including an exhaust gas dedusting system, the exhaust gas dedusting system includes an exhaust gas dedusting system inlet, an exhaust gas dedusting system outlet, and an exhaust gas electric field device.
  • Example 3 provided by the present invention includes the above example 2, wherein the exhaust gas electric field device includes an exhaust gas electric field device inlet, an exhaust gas electric field device outlet, an exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode and an exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode, the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode and all The anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is used to generate the exhaust gas ionization dedusting electric field.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device includes an exhaust gas electric field device inlet, an exhaust gas electric field device outlet, an exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode and an exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode, the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode and all The anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is used to generate the exhaust gas ionization dedusting electric field.
  • Example 4 provided by the present invention includes the above example 3, wherein the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode includes a first anode portion and a second anode portion, the first anode portion is near the exhaust gas electric field device inlet, and the second anode portion is near At the outlet of the exhaust gas electric field device, at least one cathode support plate is provided between the first anode portion and the second anode portion.
  • Example 5 provided by the present invention includes the above example 4, wherein the exhaust gas electric field device further includes an exhaust gas insulation mechanism for achieving insulation between the cathode support plate and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • Example 6 provided by the present invention includes the above example 5, wherein an electric field flow path is formed between the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode, and the exhaust gas insulation mechanism is provided outside the electric field flow path.
  • Example 7 provided by the present invention includes the above example 5 or 6, wherein the exhaust gas insulation mechanism includes an insulating portion and a heat insulating portion; the material of the insulating portion is a ceramic material or a glass material.
  • Example 8 provided by the present invention includes the above example 7, wherein the insulating part is an umbrella-shaped string ceramic column, an umbrella-shaped string glass column, a column-shaped string ceramic column or a column-shaped glass column, and the glaze is hung on the inside or outside of the umbrella.
  • the insulating part is an umbrella-shaped string ceramic column, an umbrella-shaped string glass column, a column-shaped string ceramic column or a column-shaped glass column, and the glaze is hung on the inside or outside of the umbrella.
  • Example 9 provided by the present invention includes the above example 8, wherein the distance between the outer edge of the umbrella-shaped string ceramic column or the umbrella-shaped string glass column and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is greater than 1.4 times the electric field distance, and the umbrella-shaped string ceramic column
  • the total length of the umbrella flanges of the umbrella-shaped string glass column is 1.4 times greater than the insulation spacing of the umbrella-shaped string ceramic column or umbrella-shaped string glass column.
  • the total inner depth of the umbrella edge of the umbrella-shaped string ceramic column or umbrella-shaped string glass column is greater than the umbrella shape Insulation distance of string ceramic column or glass string with umbrella shape is 1.4 times.
  • Example 10 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 4 to 9, wherein the length of the first anode portion is 1/10 to 1/4, 1/1 of the length of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field 4 to 1/3, 1/3 to 1/2, 1/2 to 2/3, 2/3 to 3/4, or 3/4 to 9/10.
  • Example 11 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 4 to 10, wherein the length of the first anode portion is long enough to remove part of the dust and reduce accumulation in the exhaust gas insulation mechanism and The dust on the cathode support plate reduces the electrical breakdown caused by the dust.
  • Example 12 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 4 to 11, wherein the second anode portion includes a dust accumulation section and a reserved dust accumulation section.
  • Example 13 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 3 to 12, wherein the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode includes at least one electrode rod.
  • Example 14 provided by the present invention includes the above example 13, wherein the diameter of the electrode rod is not greater than 3 mm.
  • Example 15 provided by the present invention includes the above example 13 or 14, wherein the electrode rod has a needle shape, a polygonal shape, a burr shape, a threaded rod shape or a column shape.
  • Example 16 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above Examples 3 to 15, wherein the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode is composed of a hollow tube bundle.
  • Example 17 provided by the present invention includes the above example 16, wherein the hollow section of the anode tube bundle of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field adopts a circle or a polygon.
  • Example 18 provided by the present invention: including the above Example 17, wherein the polygon is a hexagon.
  • Example 19 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 16 to 18, wherein the tube bundle of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a honeycomb shape.
  • Example 20 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 3 to 19, wherein the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode penetrates into the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode.
  • Example 21 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 3 to 20, wherein, when the electric field accumulates dust to a certain degree, the exhaust gas electric field device performs carbon black removal treatment.
  • Example 22 provided by the present invention includes the above-mentioned Example 21, wherein the exhaust gas electric field device detects electric field current to determine whether dust accumulates to a certain degree, and carbon black removal treatment is required.
  • Example 23 provided by the present invention includes the above example 21 or 22, wherein the exhaust gas electric field device increases the electric field voltage to perform the carbon black removal process.
  • Example 24 provided by the present invention includes the above-mentioned Example 21 or 22, wherein the exhaust gas electric field device utilizes an electric field back-corona discharge phenomenon to perform carbon black removal treatment.
  • Example 25 provided by the present invention includes the above example 21 or 22, wherein the exhaust gas electric field device utilizes the phenomenon of electric field reverse corona discharge to increase the voltage and limit the injection current to cause a sharp discharge occurring at the position of the anode carbon deposit Plasma, which deeply oxidizes the organic components of carbon black, breaks the polymer bonds, and forms small-molecule carbon dioxide and water for carbon black removal treatment.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device utilizes the phenomenon of electric field reverse corona discharge to increase the voltage and limit the injection current to cause a sharp discharge occurring at the position of the anode carbon deposit Plasma, which deeply oxidizes the organic components of carbon black, breaks the polymer bonds, and forms small-molecule carbon dioxide and water for carbon black removal treatment.
  • Example 26 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 3 to 25, wherein the length of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode is 10-90 mm, and the length of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode is 10-90 mm.
  • Example 27 provided by the present invention includes the above example 26, wherein when the electric field temperature is 200 ° C, the corresponding dust collection efficiency is 99.9%.
  • Example 28 provided by the present invention includes the above example 26 or 27, wherein when the electric field temperature is 400 ° C., the corresponding dust collection efficiency is 90%.
  • Example 29 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 26 to 28, wherein when the electric field temperature is 500 ° C., the corresponding dust collection efficiency is 50%.
  • Example 30 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above Examples 3 to 29, wherein the exhaust gas electric field device further includes an auxiliary electric field unit for generating an auxiliary electric field that is not parallel to the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field.
  • Example 31 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above Examples 3 to 29, wherein the exhaust gas electric field device further includes an auxiliary electric field unit, the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field includes a flow channel, and the auxiliary electric field unit is used for To generate an auxiliary electric field that is not perpendicular to the flow channel.
  • Example 32 provided by the present invention includes the above example 30 or 31, wherein the auxiliary electric field unit includes a first electrode, and the first electrode of the auxiliary electric field unit is disposed at or near the inlet of the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field.
  • Example 33 provided by the present invention: including the above example 32, wherein the first electrode is a cathode.
  • Example 34 provided by the present invention includes the above example 32 or 33, wherein the first electrode of the auxiliary electric field unit is an extension of the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • Example 36 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 30 to 35, wherein the auxiliary electric field unit includes a second electrode, and the second electrode of the auxiliary electric field unit is disposed at or near the exhaust gas ionization The outlet of the dust removal electric field.
  • Example 37 provided by the present invention: including the above example 36, wherein the second electrode is an anode.
  • Example 38 provided by the present invention includes the above example 36 or 37, wherein the second electrode of the auxiliary electric field unit is an extension of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • Example 40 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 30 to 33, 36 and 37, wherein the electrode of the auxiliary electric field and the electrode of the exhaust gas ionization and dedusting electric field are provided independently.
  • Example 41 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above Examples 3 to 40, wherein the ratio of the area of the exhaust gas anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field to the discharge area of the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 1.667: 1- 1680: 1.
  • Example 42 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above Examples 3 to 40, wherein the ratio of the area of the dust accumulation anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field to the discharge area of the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 6.67: 1- 56.67: 1.
  • Example 43 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 3 to 42, wherein the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode has a diameter of 1-3 mm, and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode The pole spacing is 2.5-139.9 mm; the ratio of the dust accumulation area of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode to the discharge area of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode is 1.667: 1-1680: 1
  • Example 44 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 3 to 42, wherein the pole separation between the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is less than 150 mm.
  • Example 45 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 3 to 42, wherein the electrode separation between the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 2.5-139.9 mm.
  • Example 46 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 3 to 42, wherein the electrode separation distance between the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 5-100 mm.
  • Example 47 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 3 to 46, wherein the length of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 10-180 mm.
  • Example 48 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above Examples 3 to 46, wherein the length of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 60-180 mm.
  • Example 49 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 3 to 48, wherein the cathode length of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 30-180 mm.
  • Example 50 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 3 to 48, wherein the cathode length of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 54-176 mm.
  • Example 51 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 41 to 50, wherein, during operation, the coupling number of the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field is ⁇ 3.
  • Example 52 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 30 to 50, wherein, during operation, the coupling number of the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field is ⁇ 3.
  • Example 53 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 3 to 52, wherein the exhaust gas ionization dust removal electric field voltage has a value range of 1kv-50kv.
  • Example 54 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above Examples 3 to 53, wherein the exhaust gas electric field device further includes several connection housings, and the series electric field stages are connected through the connection housings.
  • Example 55 provided by the present invention includes the above example 54, wherein the distance between adjacent electric field levels is greater than 1.4 times the pole pitch.
  • Example 56 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above Examples 3 to 55, wherein the tail gas electric field device further includes a tail gas pre-electrode at the entrance of the tail gas electric field device The exhaust gas ionization and dedusting electric field formed by the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • Example 57 provided by the present invention includes the above example 56, wherein the exhaust gas pre-electrode is dot-shaped, linear, mesh-shaped, orifice-shaped, plate-shaped, needle-rod-shaped, ball cage-shaped, box-shaped, tubular , Material natural form, or material processing form.
  • Example 58 provided by the present invention includes the above example 56 or 57, wherein the exhaust gas pre-electrode is provided with exhaust gas through holes.
  • Example 59 provided by the present invention includes the above example 58, wherein the exhaust gas through-hole is polygonal, circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, trapezoidal, or rhombic.
  • Example 60 provided by the present invention: including the above example 58 or 59, wherein the size of the exhaust gas through hole is 0.1-3 mm.
  • Example 61 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 56 to 60, wherein the tail gas pre-electrode is in one or more forms of solid, liquid, gas molecular group, or plasma combination.
  • Example 62 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 56 to 61, wherein the exhaust gas front electrode is a conductive mixed state substance, a biological natural mixed conductive substance, or an object is artificially processed to form a conductive substance.
  • Example 63 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 56 to 62, wherein the tail gas pre-electrode is 304 steel or graphite.
  • Example 64 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 56 to 62, wherein the tail gas pre-electrode is an ion-containing conductive liquid.
  • Example 65 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 56 to 64, wherein during operation, the exhaust ionized dust formed by the pollutant gas entering the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field Before the electric field, and when the pollutant-laden gas passes through the tail gas pre-electrode, the tail gas pre-electrode charges the pollutant in the gas.
  • Example 66 provided by the present invention includes the above example 65, wherein, when the gas carrying pollutants enters the tail gas ionization and dedusting electric field, the anode of the tail gas dedusting electric field exerts an attractive force on the charged pollutants, causing the pollutants to The anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field moves until pollutants adhere to the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • Example 67 provided by the present invention includes the above example 65 or 66, wherein the tail gas pre-electrode introduces electrons into pollutants, and the contamination of electrons between the tail gas pre-electrode and the tail gas dedusting electric field anode Transfer between objects to charge more pollutants.
  • Example 68 provided by the present invention includes any one of Examples 64 to 66 above, wherein between the exhaust gas front electrode and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode, electrons are conducted through pollutants and an electric current is formed.
  • Example 69 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 65 to 68, wherein the exhaust gas front electrode charges the pollutant by contact with the pollutant.
  • Example 70 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 65 to 69, wherein the exhaust gas front electrode charges pollutants by means of energy fluctuation.
  • Example 71 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 65 to 70, wherein the exhaust gas pre-electrode is provided with exhaust gas through holes.
  • Example 72 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 56 to 71, wherein the tail gas pre-electrode is linear and the tail gas dedusting electric field anode is planar.
  • Example 73 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 56 to 72, wherein the tail gas pre-electrode is perpendicular to the tail gas dedusting electric field anode.
  • Example 74 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 56 to 73, wherein the tail gas pre-electrode is parallel to the tail gas dedusting electric field anode.
  • Example 75 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 56 to 74, wherein the exhaust gas pre-electrode is curved or arc-shaped.
  • Example 76 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 56 to 75, wherein the exhaust gas pre-electrode adopts a wire mesh.
  • Example 77 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 56 to 76, wherein the voltage between the exhaust gas front electrode and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode is different from the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode and the Describe the voltage between the anodes of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • Example 78 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 56 to 77, wherein the voltage between the exhaust gas front electrode and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode is less than the initial halo voltage.
  • Example 79 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 56 to 78, wherein the voltage between the tail gas pre-electrode and the tail gas dedusting electric field anode is 0.1kv-2kv / mm.
  • Example 80 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 56 to 79, wherein the tail gas electric field device includes a tail gas flow channel, the tail gas pre-electrode is located in the tail gas flow channel; the tail gas front
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the disposed electrode to the cross-sectional area of the exhaust gas channel is 99% -10%, or 90-10%, or 80-20%, or 70-30%, or 60-40%, or 50%.
  • Example 81 provided by the present invention includes any one of Examples 3 to 80 above, wherein the exhaust gas electric field device includes an exhaust gas electret element.
  • Example 82 provided by the present invention includes the above example 81, wherein when the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field are powered on, the exhaust gas electret element is in the exhaust gas ionizing dedusting electric field.
  • Example 83 provided by the present invention includes the above example 81 or 82, wherein the tail gas electret element is close to the outlet of the tail gas electric field device, or the tail gas electret element is provided at the exit of the tail gas electric field device .
  • Example 84 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 81 to 83, wherein the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode form an exhaust gas flow channel, and the exhaust gas electret element is provided at In the exhaust gas channel.
  • Example 85 provided by the present invention includes the above example 84, wherein the exhaust gas flow channel includes an exhaust gas flow channel outlet, the exhaust gas electret element is close to the exhaust gas flow channel outlet, or the exhaust gas electret The element is arranged at the outlet of the tail gas channel.
  • Example 86 provided by the present invention: including the above example 84 or 85, wherein the cross-section of the exhaust electret element in the exhaust gas flow channel accounts for 5% -100% of the cross-section of the exhaust gas flow channel.
  • Example 87 provided by the present invention includes the above example 86, wherein the cross-section of the exhaust electret element in the exhaust gas channel accounts for 10% -90%, 20% -80% of the cross-section of the exhaust gas channel, Or 40% -60%.
  • Example 88 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 81 to 87, wherein the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field charges the exhaust gas electret element.
  • Example 89 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 81 to 88, wherein the exhaust gas electret element has a porous structure.
  • Example 90 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 81 to 89, wherein the exhaust electret element is a fabric.
  • Example 91 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 81 to 90, wherein the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is tubular, the exterior of the exhaust gas electret element is tubular, and the exhaust gas electret The outside of the element is sheathed inside the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • Example 92 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 81 to 91, wherein the tail gas electret element and the tail gas dedusting electric field anode are detachably connected.
  • Example 93 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 81 to 92, wherein the material of the exhaust gas electret element includes an inorganic compound having electret properties.
  • Example 94 provided by the present invention includes the above Example 93, wherein the inorganic compound is selected from one or more combinations of oxygen-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, or glass fibers.
  • Example 95 provided by the present invention includes the above Example 94, wherein the oxygen-containing compound is selected from one or more combinations of metal-based oxides, oxygen-containing complexes, and oxygen-containing inorganic heteropoly acid salts.
  • Example 96 provided by the present invention: including the above Example 95, wherein the metal-based oxide is selected from aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, barium oxide, tantalum oxide, silicon oxide, lead oxide, tin oxide One or more combinations.
  • the metal-based oxide is selected from aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, barium oxide, tantalum oxide, silicon oxide, lead oxide, tin oxide One or more combinations.
  • Example 97 provided by the present invention includes the above Example 95, wherein the metal-based oxide is alumina.
  • Example 98 provided by the present invention includes the above Example 95, wherein the oxygen-containing composite is selected from one or more combinations of titanium zirconium composite oxide or titanium barium composite oxide.
  • Example 99 provided by the present invention includes the above Example 95, wherein the oxygen-containing inorganic heteropoly acid salt is selected from one or more combinations of zirconium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, or barium titanate.
  • Example 100 provided by the present invention: including the above example 94, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is silicon nitride.
  • Example 101 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 81 to 100, wherein the material of the exhaust electret element includes an organic compound having electret properties.
  • Example 102 provided by the present invention: including the above example 101, wherein the organic compound is selected from one or more combinations of fluoropolymer, polycarbonate, PP, PE, PVC, natural wax, resin, and rosin .
  • Example 103 provided by the present invention: including the above example 102, wherein the fluoropolymer is selected from one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyperfluoroethylene propylene, soluble polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyvinylidene fluoride Kinds of combinations.
  • Example 104 provided by the present invention: including the above example 102, wherein the fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • Example 105 provided by the present invention: includes any one of the above examples 2 to 104, and further includes an exhaust air equalizing device.
  • Example 106 provided by the present invention includes the above example 105, wherein the tail gas ionization device at the entrance of the tail gas dust removal system and the tail gas ionization dust removal electric field formed by the tail gas dust removal electric field anode and the tail gas dust removal electric field cathode
  • the exhaust gas equalizing device includes: an air inlet pipe provided on one side of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and an air outlet pipe provided on the other side; wherein, The air inlet pipe is opposed to the air outlet pipe.
  • Example 107 provided by the present invention includes the above example 105, wherein the tail gas ionization device forms a tail gas ionization and dust removal electric field formed at the entrance of the tail gas removal system and the anode of the tail gas removal electric field and the cathode of the tail gas removal electric field In the meantime, when the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is a cylinder, the exhaust gas equalizing device is composed of several rotatable air equalizing blades.
  • Example 108 provided by the present invention includes the above example 105, wherein the first ventilating device of the exhaust gas equalizing device and the second ventilating device of the second venturi plate disposed at the outlet end of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field ,
  • the first venturi plate air distribution mechanism is provided with front air intake
  • the second venturi plate air distribution mechanism is provided with air outlet holes
  • the air inlet holes and the air outlet holes are arranged in a staggered arrangement
  • the front face The air is discharged from the intake side to form a cyclone structure.
  • Example 109 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 2 to 108, wherein it further includes an oxygen supplement device for adding a gas including oxygen before the exhaust gas ionization and dedusting electric field.
  • Example 110 provided by the present invention includes the above example 109, wherein the oxygen supplementing device adds oxygen by simply increasing oxygen, passing in outside air, passing in compressed air, and / or passing in ozone.
  • Example 111 provided by the present invention includes the above example 109 or 110, wherein the oxygen supplementation amount is determined at least according to the content of exhaust gas particles.
  • Example 112 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 2 to 111, wherein it further includes a water removal device for removing liquid water before the inlet of the exhaust gas electric field device.
  • Example 113 provided by the present invention includes the above example 112, wherein, when the exhaust gas temperature or the engine temperature is lower than a certain temperature, the water removal device removes liquid water in the exhaust gas.
  • Example 114 provided by the present invention includes the above example 113, wherein the certain temperature is above 90 ° C and below 100 ° C.
  • Example 115 provided by the present invention includes the above example 113, wherein the certain temperature is above 80 ° C and below 90 ° C.
  • the example 116 provided by the present invention includes the above example 113, wherein the certain temperature is below 80 ° C.
  • Example 117 provided by the present invention includes the above examples 112 to 116, wherein the water removal device is an electrocoagulation device.
  • Example 118 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 2 to 117, wherein it further includes a tail gas cooling device for reducing the temperature of the tail gas before the inlet of the tail gas electric field device.
  • Example 119 provided by the present invention includes the above example 118, wherein the exhaust gas cooling device includes a heat exchange unit for heat exchange with the exhaust gas of the engine to heat the liquid heat exchange medium in the heat exchange unit into a gaseous state Heat exchange medium.
  • Example 120 provided by the present invention includes the above example 119, wherein the heat exchange unit includes:
  • the exhaust gas passage cavity communicates with the exhaust pipe of the engine, and the exhaust gas passage cavity is used for passing the exhaust gas of the engine;
  • a medium gasification chamber which is used to convert a liquid heat exchange medium and tail gas into a gaseous state after heat exchange.
  • Example 121 provided by the present invention includes the above example 119 or 120, wherein it further includes a power generation unit for converting the thermal energy of the heat exchange medium and / or the exhaust gas into mechanical energy.
  • Example 122 provided by the present invention includes the above example 121, wherein the power generation unit includes a turbofan.
  • Example 123 provided by the present invention includes the above example 122, wherein the turbofan includes:
  • the medium cavity turbofan assembly is installed on the turbofan shaft, and the medium cavity turbofan assembly is located in the medium gasification cavity.
  • Example 124 provided by the present invention includes the above example 123, wherein the medium cavity turbofan assembly includes a medium cavity guide fan and a medium cavity power fan.
  • Example 125 provided by the present invention: including any one of the above examples 122 to 124, wherein the turbofan includes:
  • the exhaust chamber turbofan assembly is installed on the turbofan shaft, and the exhaust chamber turbofan assembly is located in the exhaust gas passage cavity.
  • Example 126 provided by the present invention includes the above example 125, wherein the exhaust chamber turbofan assembly includes an exhaust chamber guide fan and an exhaust chamber power fan.
  • Example 127 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 121 to 126, wherein the exhaust gas temperature-lowering device further includes a power generation unit for converting mechanical energy generated by the power generation unit into electrical energy.
  • Example 128 provided by the present invention includes the above example 127, wherein the power generation unit includes a generator stator and a generator rotor, and the generator rotor is connected to a turbofan shaft of the power generation unit.
  • Examples provided by the present invention include the above examples 127 or 128, wherein the power generation unit includes a battery assembly.
  • Example 130 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 127 to 129, wherein the power generation unit includes a generator regulation component for regulating the electric torque of the generator.
  • Example 131 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 121 to 130, wherein the exhaust gas cooling device further includes a medium transmission unit, the medium transmission unit is connected between the heat exchange unit and the power generation unit .
  • Example 132 provided by the present invention: includes the above example 131, wherein the medium transmission unit includes a reverse thrust duct.
  • Example 133 provided by the present invention includes the above example 131, wherein the medium transmission unit includes a pressure-bearing pipeline.
  • Example 134 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 127 to 133, wherein the exhaust gas cooling device further includes a coupling unit electrically connected between the power generation unit and the power generation unit.
  • Example 135 provided by the present invention includes the above example 134, wherein the coupling unit includes an electromagnetic coupler.
  • Example 136 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 119 to 135, wherein the exhaust gas temperature-lowering device further includes an insulation pipe connected to the exhaust gas pipe of the engine and the heat exchange unit between.
  • Example 137 provided by the present invention includes any one of the above examples 118 to 136, wherein the exhaust gas cooling device includes a fan, which blows air to the exhaust gas before passing the air into the inlet of the exhaust gas electric field device The role of cooling.
  • Example 138 provided by the present invention: including the above example 137, wherein the air passed in is 50% to 300% of the exhaust gas.
  • Example 139 provided by the present invention: including the above example 137, wherein the air passed in is 100% to 180% of the exhaust gas.
  • Example 140 provided by the present invention: including the above example 137, wherein the air passing in is 120% to 150% of the exhaust gas.
  • Example 141 provided by the present invention includes the above example 120, wherein the oxygen supplement device includes a fan, and the fan plays a role in cooling the exhaust gas before passing the air into the exhaust gas electric field device inlet.
  • Example 142 provided by the present invention: including the above example 141, wherein the air passed in is 50% to 300% of the exhaust gas.
  • Example 143 provided by the present invention: including the above example 141, wherein the air passed in is 100% to 180% of the exhaust gas.
  • Example 144 provided by the present invention: including the above example 141, wherein the air passing in is 120% to 150% of the exhaust gas.
  • Example 145 provided by the present invention: includes any one of the above examples 1 to 144, wherein it further includes an engine.
  • Example 146 provided by the present invention: a method for removing carbon black from an engine exhaust electric field, including the following steps:
  • the dust-containing gas passes through the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field;
  • Example 147 provided by the present invention: a method for removing carbon black from an engine exhaust electric field including Example 146, wherein the carbon black cleaning process is completed using an electric field back-corona discharge phenomenon.
  • Example 148 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust electric field carbon black removal method including Example 146, in which the electric field reverse corona discharge phenomenon is used to increase the voltage and limit the injection current to complete the carbon black cleaning process.
  • Example 149 provided by the present invention: The method for removing carbon black from the engine exhaust electric field including Example 146, wherein the electric field reverse corona discharge phenomenon is used to increase the voltage and limit the injection current to cause a sharp discharge that occurs at the position of the anode dust Plasma, the plasma deeply oxidizes the organic components of the cleaned carbon black, breaks the polymer bonds, forms small molecule carbon dioxide and water, and completes the cleaned carbon black treatment.
  • Example 150 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust electric field carbon black removal method including any one of Examples 146 to 149, wherein when the electric field device detects that the electric field current increases to a given value, the electric field device performs cleaning Dust treatment.
  • Example 151 provided by the present invention: A method for removing carbon black from an engine exhaust electric field including any one of Examples 146 to 150, wherein the dust-removing electric field cathode includes at least one electrode rod.
  • Example 152 provided by the present invention: a method for removing carbon black from an engine exhaust electric field including Example 151, wherein the diameter of the electrode rod is not greater than 3 mm.
  • Example 153 provided by the present invention: a method for removing carbon black from an engine exhaust electric field including Example 151 or 152, wherein the electrode rod has a needle shape, a polygonal shape, a burr shape, a threaded rod shape, or a column shape.
  • Example 154 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust electric field carbon black removal method including any one of Examples 146 to 153, wherein the dust removal electric field anode is composed of a hollow tube bundle.
  • Example 155 provided by the present invention: a method for removing carbon black from an engine exhaust electric field including Example 154, wherein the hollow cross section of the anode tube bundle adopts a circular or polygonal shape.
  • Example 156 provided by the present invention: a method for removing carbon black from an engine exhaust electric field including Example 155, wherein the polygon is a hexagon.
  • Example 157 provided by the present invention: A method for removing carbon black from an engine exhaust electric field including any one of Examples 154 to 156, wherein the tube bundle of the anode of the dust removal electric field is honeycomb-shaped.
  • Example 158 provided by the present invention: A method for removing carbon black from an engine exhaust electric field including any one of Examples 146 to 157, wherein the dust-removing electric field cathode penetrates the dust-removing electric field anode.
  • Example 159 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust electric field carbon black removal method including any one of Examples 146 to 158, wherein when the detected electric field current increases to a given value, a carbon black cleaning process is performed.
  • Example 160 provided by the present invention: a method for reducing electric field coupling of engine exhaust dust removal, including the following steps:
  • Example 161 provided by the present invention: a method for reducing coupling of an engine exhaust dust electric field including Example 160, which includes selecting a ratio of a dust collecting area of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode to a discharge area of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode.
  • Example 162 provided by the present invention: a method for reducing coupling of an engine exhaust dust electric field including Example 161, wherein the ratio of the area of the accumulated dust of the anode of the exhaust gas electric field to the discharge area of the cathode of the exhaust gas electric field is 1.667 : 1-1680: 1.
  • Example 163 provided by the present invention: a method for reducing coupling of an engine exhaust dust electric field including Example 161, wherein a ratio including a dust accumulation area of the anode of the exhaust gas electric field and a discharge area of the cathode of the exhaust gas electric field is 6.67 : 1-56.67: 1.
  • Example 164 provided by the present invention: a method for reducing electric field coupling of engine exhaust dust removal including any one of Examples 160 to 163, wherein the method includes selecting a cathode diameter of the exhaust gas removal electric field of 1-3 mm, and an anode of the exhaust gas removal electric field
  • the pole spacing from the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 2.5-139.9 mm; the ratio of the dust accumulation area of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field to the discharge area of the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 1.667: 1-1680: 1.
  • Example 165 provided by the present invention: A method for reducing coupling of an engine exhaust dust electric field including any one of Examples 160 to 164, wherein the electrode separation distance between the anode of the exhaust gas electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas electric field is less than 150 mm.
  • Example 166 provided by the present invention: a method for reducing coupling of an engine exhaust dust electric field including any one of Examples 160 to 164, wherein the method includes selecting a pole interval of the exhaust gas electric field anode and the exhaust gas electric field cathode of 2.5- 139.9mm.
  • Example 167 provided by the present invention: A method for reducing coupling of an engine exhaust dust electric field including any one of Examples 160 to 164, wherein the electrode separation between the anode of the exhaust gas electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas electric field is selected to be 5- 100mm.
  • Example 168 provided by the present invention: A method including any one of Examples 160 to 167 to reduce the coupling of an engine exhaust dust electric field, including selecting the anode length of the exhaust gas electric field to be 10-180 mm.
  • Example 169 provided by the present invention: A method for reducing coupling of an engine exhaust dust electric field including any one of Examples 160 to 167, wherein the method includes selecting the anode length of the exhaust gas electric field to be 60-180 mm.
  • Example 170 provided by the present invention: A method for reducing coupling of an engine exhaust dust electric field including any one of Examples 160 to 169, which includes selecting a cathode length of the exhaust gas electric field of 30-180 mm.
  • Example 171 provided by the present invention: A method for reducing coupling of an engine exhaust dust electric field including any one of Examples 160 to 169, including selecting the cathode length of the exhaust gas electric field to be 54-176 mm.
  • Example 172 provided by the present invention: A method for reducing coupling of an engine exhaust dust electric field including any one of Examples 160 to 171, wherein the method includes selecting that the exhaust gas electric field cathode includes at least one electrode rod.
  • Example 173 provided by the present invention: A method for reducing electric field coupling of engine exhaust dust removal including Example 172, which includes selecting that the diameter of the electrode rod is not greater than 3 mm.
  • Example 174 provided by the present invention: a method for reducing electric field coupling of engine exhaust dust removal including Example 172 or 173, which includes selecting the shape of the electrode rod to be needle-like, polygonal, burr-like, threaded rod-like or columnar.
  • Example 175 provided by the present invention: The method for reducing the coupling of the engine exhaust dust electric field including any one of Examples 160 to 174, wherein the method includes selecting that the exhaust gas electric field anode is composed of a hollow tube bundle.
  • Example 176 provided by the present invention: The method for reducing electric field coupling of engine exhaust dust removal including Example 175, wherein the method includes selecting the hollow cross section of the anode tube bundle to adopt a circular or polygonal shape.
  • Example 177 provided by the present invention: a method for reducing electric field coupling of engine exhaust dust removal including Example 176, which includes selecting the polygon to be a hexagon.
  • Example 178 provided by the present invention: A method for reducing coupling of an engine exhaust dust electric field including any one of Examples 175 to 177, wherein a tube bundle including selecting the anode of the exhaust gas electric field is honeycomb-shaped.
  • Example 179 provided by the present invention: A method for reducing coupling of an engine exhaust dust electric field including any one of Examples 160 to 178, wherein the method includes selecting the exhaust gas electric field cathode to penetrate the anode of the exhaust gas electric field.
  • Example 180 provided by the present invention: a method for reducing electric field coupling of engine exhaust dust removal including any one of Examples 160 to 179, wherein the selected anode size of the exhaust gas removal electric field or / and the cathode size of the exhaust gas removal electric field include the number of electric field couplings ⁇ 3.
  • Example 181 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method, including the following steps: when the exhaust gas temperature is lower than 100 ° C, liquid water in the exhaust gas is removed, and then the ionization dust is removed.
  • Example 182 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 181, wherein when the exhaust gas temperature is ⁇ 100 ° C, the exhaust gas is ionized and dedusted.
  • Example 183 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 181 or 182, wherein, when the exhaust gas temperature is ⁇ 90 ° C, the liquid water in the exhaust gas is removed, and then the ionization dust is removed.
  • Example 184 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 181 or 182, wherein, when the exhaust gas temperature is ⁇ 80 ° C, liquid water in the exhaust gas is removed, and then ionized for dust removal.
  • Example 185 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 181 or 182, wherein, when the exhaust gas temperature is ⁇ 70 ° C, liquid water in the exhaust gas is removed, and then ionized for dust removal.
  • Example 186 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including the example 181 or 182, wherein the liquid water in the exhaust gas is removed by the electrocoagulation and defogging method, and then the ionization dust is removed.
  • Example 187 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method, comprising the following steps: adding gas including oxygen before the exhaust gas ionization dust removal electric field to perform ionization dust removal.
  • Example 188 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 187, wherein oxygen is added by simply adding oxygen, passing in outside air, passing in compressed air, and / or passing in ozone.
  • Example 189 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 187 or 188, wherein the amount of oxygen supplementation is determined based at least on the exhaust particulate content.
  • Example 190 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method, including the following steps:
  • Example 191 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 190, wherein the exhaust electret element is close to the exhaust gas field device outlet, or the exhaust electret element is provided at the exhaust gas field device outlet.
  • Example 192 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 190, wherein the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode form an exhaust gas flow channel, and the exhaust gas electret element is provided in the exhaust gas In the channel.
  • Example 193 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removing method including Example 192, wherein the exhaust gas flow path includes an exhaust gas flow path outlet, and the exhaust gas electret element is close to the exhaust gas flow path outlet, or, the The tail gas electret element is provided at the outlet of the tail gas channel.
  • Example 194 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including any one of Examples 187 to 193, wherein, when the exhaust ionization and dust removal electric field has no electrified driving voltage, the charged exhaust electret element is used to adsorb particulate matter in the exhaust .
  • Example 195 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 193, wherein after the charged exhaust electret element adsorbs certain particulate matter in the exhaust, it is replaced with a new exhaust electret element.
  • Example 196 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 195, in which the exhaust ionization dust removal electric field is restarted after being replaced with a new exhaust electret element to adsorb particulate matter in the exhaust and give a new exhaust electret Component charging.
  • Example 197 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removing method including any one of Examples 190 to 196, wherein the material of the exhaust electret element includes an inorganic compound having electret properties.
  • Example 198 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 197, wherein the inorganic compound is selected from one or more combinations of oxygen-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, or glass fibers.
  • Example 199 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 198, wherein the oxygen-containing compound is selected from one of metal-based oxides, oxygen-containing composites, and oxygen-containing inorganic heteropoly acid salts or Various combinations.
  • the oxygen-containing compound is selected from one of metal-based oxides, oxygen-containing composites, and oxygen-containing inorganic heteropoly acid salts or Various combinations.
  • Example 200 provided by the present invention: an engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 199, wherein the metal-based oxide is selected from aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, barium oxide, tantalum oxide, silicon oxide, oxide One or more combinations of lead and tin oxide.
  • the metal-based oxide is selected from aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, barium oxide, tantalum oxide, silicon oxide, oxide One or more combinations of lead and tin oxide.
  • Example 201 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 199, wherein the metal-based oxide is alumina.
  • Example 202 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 199, wherein the oxygen-containing composite is selected from one or more combinations of titanium-zirconium composite oxide or titanium-barium composite oxide.
  • Example 203 provided by the present invention: an engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 199, wherein the oxygen-containing inorganic heteropoly acid salt is selected from one or more of zirconium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, or barium titanatekinds of combinations.
  • Example 204 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 198, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound is silicon nitride.
  • Example 205 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removing method including any one of Examples 190 to 196, wherein the material of the exhaust electret element includes an organic compound having electret properties.
  • Example 206 provided by the present invention: an engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 205, wherein the organic compound is selected from one of fluoropolymer, polycarbonate, PP, PE, PVC, natural wax, resin, and rosin Or multiple combinations.
  • Example 207 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 206, wherein the fluoropolymer is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, polyperfluoroethylene propylene, soluble polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyvinylidene fluoride One or more combinations.
  • Example 208 provided by the present invention: An engine exhaust dust removal method including Example 206, wherein the fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic view of an embodiment of an exhaust gas treatment device in an engine exhaust dust removal system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural view of an exhaust gas insulation mechanism in an umbrella shape of an exhaust gas treatment device of an engine exhaust gas dust removal system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3A shows an implementation structure diagram of an exhaust air equalization device of an exhaust gas treatment device in an engine exhaust dust removal system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3B shows another implementation structure diagram of the exhaust gas equalization device of the exhaust gas treatment device in the engine exhaust dust removal system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3C shows still another embodiment of the exhaust gas equalization device of the exhaust gas treatment device of the engine exhaust gas dust removal system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram 1 of the exhaust gas electric field device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram 2 of the exhaust gas electric field device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of the exhaust gas electric field device of FIG. 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of the cross-section of the exhaust gas electret element in the exhaust gas channel of Embodiment 3 occupying the cross-section of the exhaust gas channel.
  • Embodiment 8 is a schematic diagram of an engine exhaust dust removal system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an engine exhaust dust removal system according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric field generating unit.
  • Fig. 11 is an A-A view of the electric field generating unit of Fig. 10.
  • FIG. 12 is an A-A view of the electric field generating unit of FIG. 10 labeled with length and angle.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electric field device with two electric field levels.
  • Embodiment 18 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric field device in Embodiment 18 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric field device in Embodiment 20 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 21 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of an electric field device in Embodiment 21 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of an engine exhaust dust removal system in Embodiment 23 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 23 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of an impeller duct in Embodiment 23 of the present invention.
  • Example 19 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrocoagulation device in Example 24 of the present invention.
  • Example 20 is a left side view of the electrocoagulation device in Example 24 of the present invention.
  • Example 21 is a perspective view of an electrocoagulation device in Example 24 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 22 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrocoagulation device in Embodiment 25 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 23 is a plan view of an electrocoagulation device in Embodiment 25 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 24 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrocoagulation device in Embodiment 26 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrocoagulation device in Embodiment 27 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 26 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrocoagulation device in Embodiment 28 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrocoagulation device in Embodiment 29 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 28 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrocoagulation device in Embodiment 30 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 29 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrocoagulation device in Embodiment 31 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 30 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrocoagulation device in Embodiment 32 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrocoagulation device in Embodiment 33 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 34 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrocoagulation device in Embodiment 34 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 35 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrocoagulation device in Embodiment 35 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 34 is a schematic structural diagram of an electrocoagulation device in Embodiment 36 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 37 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of an electrocoagulation device in Embodiment 37 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 38 is a schematic structural diagram of an engine exhaust dust removal system in Embodiment 38 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 39 is a schematic structural diagram of an engine exhaust dust removal system in Embodiment 39 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 40 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of an engine exhaust dust removal system in Embodiment 40 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 41 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of an engine exhaust dust removal system in Embodiment 41 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 40 is a schematic structural diagram of an engine exhaust dust removal system in Embodiment 42 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 41 is a schematic structural diagram of an engine exhaust dust removal system in Embodiment 43 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 44 is a schematic structural diagram of an engine exhaust dust removal system in Embodiment 44 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 43 is a schematic structural diagram of an exhaust gas electric field device in Embodiment 45 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 44 is a schematic structural diagram of an exhaust gas temperature-lowering device in Embodiment 46 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 45 is a schematic structural diagram of an exhaust gas temperature-lowering device in Embodiment 47 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 46 is a schematic structural diagram of an exhaust gas temperature-lowering device in Embodiment 48 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 47 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchange unit in Embodiment 48 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 48 is a schematic structural diagram of an exhaust gas cooling device in Embodiment 49 of the present invention.
  • the engine exhaust dust removal system of the invention is connected with the outlet of the engine.
  • the exhaust gas discharged by the engine will flow through the engine exhaust dust removal system.
  • the engine exhaust dust removal system further includes a water removal device for removing liquid water before the entrance of the exhaust gas electric field device.
  • the engine exhaust gas when the exhaust gas temperature or the engine temperature is lower than a certain temperature, the engine exhaust gas may contain liquid water, and the water removal device removes the liquid water in the exhaust gas.
  • the certain temperature is above 90 ° C and below 100 ° C.
  • the certain temperature is above 80 ° C and below 90 ° C.
  • the certain temperature is below 80 ° C.
  • the water removal device is an electrocoagulation device.
  • the water removal device When the engine is cold-started, the water removal device removes the water droplets or liquid water in the exhaust gas before the exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas electric field device inlet, thereby reducing the water droplets or liquid water in the exhaust gas, and reducing the uneven discharge of the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field and The cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field break down, thereby improving the efficiency of ionization dust removal and achieving unexpected technical effects.
  • the water removal device is not particularly limited, and the present invention can be applied to remove liquid water from exhaust gas in the prior art.
  • the engine exhaust dust removal system further includes an oxygen supplement device, which is used to add a gas including oxygen, such as air, before the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field.
  • an oxygen supplement device which is used to add a gas including oxygen, such as air, before the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field.
  • the oxygen supplementing device adds oxygen by simply adding oxygen, passing in outside air, passing in compressed air, and / or passing in ozone.
  • the amount of oxygen supplementation is determined based at least on the content of exhaust gas particles.
  • the exhaust gas will not have enough oxygen to generate enough oxygen ions, resulting in poor dust removal effect, that is, those skilled in the art did not realize that the oxygen in the engine exhaust may Is insufficient to support effective ionization, and the inventor of the present application discovered this problem and proposed the engine exhaust dust removal system of the present invention: including an oxygen supplement device, which can be simply oxygenated, vented to outside air, vented to compressed air and / or vented Oxygen is added in the form of ozone to increase the oxygen content of the exhaust gas entering the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field, so that when the exhaust gas passes through the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field between the exhaust gas cathode and the exhaust gas extraction electric field anode, the ionized oxygen is increased to make more exhaust The dust is charged, and then more charged dust is collected under the action of the
  • the exhaust gas dedusting system may include an exhaust gas equalizing device.
  • the exhaust gas equalization device is installed before the exhaust gas electric field device, and can evenly pass the airflow entering the exhaust gas electric field device.
  • the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field device of the exhaust gas electric field device may be a cube
  • the exhaust air equalization device may include an air inlet pipe located on one side of the cathode support plate, and an air outlet pipe located on the other side of the cathode support plate.
  • the supporting plate is located at the intake end of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field; wherein, the side where the intake pipe is installed is opposite to the side where the outlet pipe is installed.
  • the tail gas equalizing device can make the tail gas entering the tail gas electric field device evenly pass through the electrostatic field.
  • the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field may be a cylinder
  • the exhaust air equalization device is located between the inlet of the exhaust gas dedusting system and the exhaust gas ionization and dedusting electric field formed by the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the exhaust air equalization device includes several air equalization blades rotating around the inlet center of the exhaust gas electric field device.
  • the exhaust air equalization device can make various changes of the intake air evenly pass through the electric field generated by the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field. At the same time, it can keep the internal temperature of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field constant and the oxygen is sufficient.
  • the tail gas equalizing device can make the tail gas entering the tail gas electric field device evenly pass through the electrostatic field.
  • the exhaust air equalization device includes an air inlet plate provided at the inlet end of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and an air outlet plate provided at the outlet end of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the board is provided with air outlet holes, the air inlet holes and the air outlet holes are arranged in a staggered arrangement, and the front air inlet and the side air outlet form a cyclone structure.
  • the tail gas equalizing device can make the tail gas entering the tail gas electric field device evenly pass through the electrostatic field.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting system may include an exhaust gas dedusting system inlet, an exhaust gas dedusting system outlet, and an exhaust electric field device
  • the exhaust gas electric field device may include an exhaust gas electric field device inlet, an exhaust electric field device outlet, and The exhaust gas front electrode between the exhaust gas field device inlet and the exhaust gas field device outlet.
  • the tail gas electric field device includes a tail gas front electrode between the inlet of the tail gas electric field device and the tail gas ionization and dust removal electric field formed by the tail gas electric field anode and the tail gas electric field cathode.
  • the shape of the exhaust gas pre-electrode may be dot-shaped, wire-shaped, mesh-shaped, orifice-shaped, plate-shaped, needle-rod-shaped, ball cage-shaped, box-shaped, tubular, natural form of material, or material processing form.
  • the exhaust gas pre-electrode has a hole structure
  • the exhaust gas pre-electrode is provided with one or more exhaust gas through holes.
  • the shape of the exhaust gas through hole may be a polygon, a circle, an ellipse, a square, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a rhombus.
  • the outline size of the exhaust gas through hole may be 0.1 to 3 mm, 0.1 to 0.2 mm, 0.2 to 0.5 mm, 0.5 to 1 mm, 1 to 1.2 mm, 1.2 to 1.5 mm, 1.5 to 2 mm, 2 to 2.5 mm, 2.5 ⁇ 2.8mm, or 2.8 ⁇ 3mm.
  • the shape of the tail gas front electrode may be one of solid, liquid, gas molecular group, plasma, conductive mixed state substance, biological natural mixed conductive substance, or an object artificially processed to form a conductive substance or Combination of various forms.
  • the exhaust gas front electrode is solid, solid metal, such as 304 steel, or other solid conductor, such as graphite, may be used.
  • the tail gas front electrode is a liquid, it may be an ion-conducting liquid.
  • the tail gas pre-electrode causes pollution Things are charged.
  • the anode of the tail gas dedusting electric field exerts an attractive force on the charged pollutants, so that the pollutants move toward the anode of the tail gas dedusting electric field until the pollutants adhere to the anode of the tail gas dedusting electric field.
  • the tail gas pre-electrode introduces electrons into the pollutants, and the electrons are transferred between the pollutants located between the tail gas pre-electrode and the tail gas dedusting electric field anode, so that more pollutants are charged.
  • the front electrode of the exhaust gas and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field conduct electrons through pollutants and form an electric current.
  • the exhaust gas front electrode charges the pollutants by contacting the pollutants. In an embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust gas front electrode charges pollutants by means of energy fluctuation. In an embodiment of the invention, the exhaust gas front electrode transfers electrons to the pollutant by contacting the pollutant, and charges the pollutant. In an embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust gas front electrode transfers electrons to the pollutants by means of energy fluctuations, and charges the pollutants.
  • the tail gas pre-electrode is linear, and the tail gas dedusting electric field anode is planar.
  • the exhaust gas front electrode is perpendicular to the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the tail gas pre-electrode is parallel to the anode of the tail gas dedusting electric field.
  • the exhaust gas pre-electrode is curved or arc-shaped.
  • the exhaust gas pre-electrode uses a metal wire mesh.
  • the voltage between the exhaust gas front electrode and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode is different from the voltage between the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode. In an embodiment of the invention, the voltage between the exhaust gas front electrode and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode is less than the initial halo voltage.
  • the initial halo voltage is the minimum voltage between the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field. In an embodiment of the invention, the voltage between the exhaust gas front electrode and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode may be 0.1-2 kV / mm.
  • the tail gas electric field device includes a tail gas flow channel, and the tail gas front electrode is located in the tail gas flow channel.
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the tail gas pre-electrode to the cross-sectional area of the tail gas channel is 99% -10%, or 90-10%, or 80-20%, or 70-30%, or 60- 40%, or 50%.
  • the cross-sectional area of the exhaust gas front electrode refers to the sum of the areas of the exhaust gas front electrode along the solid part of the cross section.
  • the exhaust gas pre-electrode has a negative potential.
  • pollutants such as highly conductive metal dust, mist droplets, or aerosol in the exhaust gas are in contact with the exhaust gas front electrode, or When the distance of the tail gas front electrode reaches a certain range, it will be directly negatively charged. Then, all pollutants will enter the tail gas ionization and dust removal electric field with the air flow. The anode of the tail gas removal electric field exerts attractive force on the negatively charged metal dust, mist droplets, or aerosol.
  • the formed tail gas ionization and dust removal electric field obtains oxygen ions from the oxygen in the ionized gas, and after the negatively charged oxygen ions are combined with the common dust, the common dust is negatively charged, and the anode of the tail gas removal electric field gives this part of the negatively charged dust, etc.
  • the pollutants exert an attractive force, so that dust and other pollutants move toward the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field until the The pollutants are attached to the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, so that some common dust and other pollutants are also collected, thereby collecting the pollutants with strong conductivity and weak conductivity in the exhaust gas, and making the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode
  • the types of pollutants in the exhaust gas can be collected more widely, and the collection ability is stronger and the collection efficiency is higher.
  • the inlet of the exhaust gas electric field device communicates with the outlet of the engine.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device may include an exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode and an exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode, and an ionization dedusting electric field is formed between the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode.
  • the oxygen ions in the exhaust gas will be ionized and form a large number of charged oxygen ions.
  • the oxygen ions are combined with the dust and other particles in the exhaust gas to charge the particles.
  • the anode of the exhaust gas removal electric field gives negatively charged particles
  • the adsorption force is applied so that the particulate matter is adsorbed on the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field to remove the particulate matter in the exhaust gas.
  • the second-stage flow channel is also called a dust-removing flow channel, and the exhaust gas flow is provided, and the second-stage flow channel has an ionization dedusting electric field.
  • the second-stage flow channel communicates with the first-stage flow channel, and the exhaust gas enters the first-stage flow channel and the second-stage flow channel in order from the exhaust gas electric field device inlet, and then is discharged from the exhaust gas electric field device outlet.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode includes a plurality of cathode wires.
  • the diameter of the cathode wire can be 0.1mm-20mm, and the size parameter can be adjusted according to the application and dust accumulation requirements. In an embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the cathode wire is not greater than 3 mm.
  • the cathode wire uses a metal wire or an alloy wire that is easy to discharge, is temperature resistant, can support its own weight, and is electrochemically stable.
  • the material of the cathode wire is titanium. The specific shape of the cathode wire is adjusted according to the shape of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the cross section of the cathode wire is circular; if the dust collecting surface of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is an arc surface
  • the cathode wire needs to be designed into a polyhedron shape. The length of the cathode wire is adjusted according to the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode includes a plurality of cathode rods.
  • the diameter of the cathode rod is not greater than 3 mm.
  • a metal rod or an alloy rod that is easy to discharge is used as the cathode rod.
  • the shape of the cathode rod may be needle-shaped, polygonal, burr-shaped, threaded rod-shaped, columnar or the like. The shape of the cathode rod can be adjusted according to the shape of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the cross section of the cathode rod needs to be designed to be circular; if the dust collecting surface of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is For the arc surface, the cathode rod needs to be designed as a polyhedron.
  • the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is disposed in the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode includes one or more hollow anode tubes arranged in parallel. When there are multiple hollow anode tubes, all the hollow anode tubes constitute a honeycomb-shaped exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode.
  • the hollow anode tube may have a circular or polygonal cross section. If the cross section of the hollow anode tube is circular, a uniform electric field can be formed between the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, and the inner wall of the hollow anode tube is not easy to accumulate dust.
  • the cross section of the hollow anode tube is a triangular shape, three dust accumulation surfaces and three distant dust holding angles can be formed on the inner wall of the hollow anode tube.
  • This structure of the hollow anode tube has the highest dust holding rate. If the cross section of the hollow anode tube is quadrangular, 4 dust-collecting surfaces and 4 dust-holding angles can be obtained, but the grouping structure is unstable. If the cross section of the hollow anode tube is hexagonal, 6 dust accumulation surfaces and 6 dust accumulation angles can be formed, and the dust accumulation surface and the dust accumulation rate are balanced. If the cross section of the hollow anode tube is more polygonal, more dust accumulation edges can be obtained, but the dust holding rate is lost.
  • the diameter of the inscribed circle diameter of the hollow anode tube ranges from 5 mm to 400 mm.
  • the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is installed on a cathode support plate, and the cathode support plate and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field are connected by an exhaust gas insulation mechanism.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode includes a third anode part and a fourth anode part, that is, the third anode part is close to the inlet of the dust removal device, and the fourth anode part is close to the outlet of the dust removal device.
  • the cathode support plate and the exhaust gas insulation mechanism are between the third anode part and the fourth anode part, that is, the exhaust gas insulation mechanism is installed in the middle of the ionization electric field or the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, which can play a good supporting role for the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode.
  • the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field plays a fixed role relative to the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, so as to maintain a set distance between the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the support point of the cathode is at the end of the cathode, and it is difficult to maintain the distance between the cathode and the anode.
  • the exhaust gas insulation mechanism is provided outside the dust removal flow path, that is, outside the second-stage flow path, to prevent or reduce the accumulation of dust and the like in the exhaust gas on the exhaust gas insulation mechanism, causing the exhaust gas insulation mechanism to break down or conduct electricity.
  • the exhaust gas insulation mechanism uses a high-pressure-resistant ceramic insulator to insulate the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is also called a kind of shell.
  • the third anode portion is located in front of the cathode support plate and the exhaust gas insulation mechanism in the gas flow direction.
  • the third anode portion can remove water in the exhaust gas and prevent water from entering the exhaust gas insulation mechanism, resulting in a short circuit of the exhaust gas insulation mechanism. Light a fire.
  • the third positive stage can remove a considerable part of the dust in the exhaust gas. When the exhaust gas passes through the exhaust gas insulation mechanism, a considerable part of the dust has been eliminated, reducing the possibility of dust short-circuiting the exhaust gas insulation mechanism.
  • the exhaust gas insulation mechanism includes an insulating ceramic pillar.
  • the design of the third anode part is mainly to protect the insulating ceramic column from being contaminated by particulate matter in the gas. Once the gas pollutes the insulating ceramic column, the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field will be conducted, so that the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field The dust accumulation function is invalid, so the design of the third anode part can effectively reduce the pollution of the insulating ceramic column and improve the service time of the product.
  • the third anode part and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field first contact with the polluting gas, and the exhaust gas insulation mechanism contacts the gas afterwards, so as to achieve the purpose of removing the dust first and then passing through the exhaust gas insulation mechanism, reducing the exhaust gas
  • the pollution caused by the insulation mechanism prolongs the cleaning and maintenance cycle, and the insulation support after the corresponding electrode is used.
  • the length of the third anode portion is long enough to remove part of dust, reduce dust accumulated on the exhaust gas insulation mechanism and the cathode support plate, and reduce electric shock caused by dust wear.
  • the length of the third anode portion accounts for 1/10 to 1/4, 1/4 to 1/3, 1/3 to 1/2, 1/2 to 2/2 of the total length of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field 3. 2/3 to 3/4, or 3/4 to 9/10.
  • the fourth anode portion is located behind the cathode support plate and the exhaust gas insulation mechanism in the exhaust gas flow direction.
  • the fourth anode part includes a dust accumulation section and a reserved dust accumulation section.
  • the dust accumulation section uses static electricity to adsorb the particulate matter in the exhaust gas.
  • the dust accumulation section is to increase the dust accumulation area and prolong the use time of the exhaust gas electric field device.
  • the reserved dust accumulation section can provide failure protection for the dust accumulation section.
  • the dust accumulation section is reserved to further increase the dust accumulation area on the premise of meeting the design dust removal requirements.
  • the dust accumulation section is reserved for supplementing the dust accumulation in the previous section.
  • different power sources can be used for the reserved dust accumulation section and the third anode portion.
  • the exhaust gas insulation mechanism is provided at the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the exhaust gas Except for the second-stage flow channel between the anodes of the dust electric field. Therefore, the exhaust gas insulation mechanism is hung outside the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the exhaust gas insulation mechanism may use non-conductor temperature-resistant materials, such as ceramics and glass.
  • completely sealed air-free material insulation requires an insulation isolation thickness> 0.3 mm / kv; air insulation requirements> 1.4 mm / kv.
  • the insulation distance can be set according to 1.4 times the pole spacing between the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the exhaust gas insulation mechanism uses ceramics with a glazed surface; it cannot be filled with glue or organic materials, and the temperature resistance is greater than 350 degrees Celsius.
  • the exhaust gas insulation mechanism includes an insulation portion and a heat insulation portion.
  • the material of the insulation part is ceramic material or glass material.
  • the insulating portion may be an umbrella-shaped string ceramic column or a glass column, and the umbrella is glazed inside and outside.
  • the distance between the outer edge of the umbrella-shaped string ceramic column or glass column and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is greater than 1.4 times the electric field distance, that is, greater than 1.4 times the pole spacing.
  • the sum of the umbrella flange spacing of the umbrella-shaped string ceramic column or glass column is greater than 1.4 times the insulation spacing of the umbrella-shaped string ceramic column.
  • the total length of the inner depth of the umbrella-shaped string ceramic column or glass column is 1.4 times greater than the insulation distance of the umbrella-shaped string ceramic column.
  • the insulating part can also be a columnar string ceramic column or a glass column with glaze inside and outside. In an embodiment of the present invention, the insulating portion may also have a tower shape.
  • a heating rod is provided in the insulating portion.
  • the heating rod is activated and heated. Due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the insulating part during use, condensation is likely to occur inside and outside of the insulating part and outside.
  • the outer surface of the insulation may spontaneously or be heated by gas to generate high temperature, which requires necessary isolation and protection to prevent burns.
  • the heat insulation part includes a protective baffle located outside the second insulation part and a denitration purification reaction chamber.
  • the tail portion of the insulating portion needs to be insulated at the same location to prevent the environment and heat dissipation from heating the condensation component.
  • the lead wire of the power supply of the exhaust gas electric field device uses an umbrella-shaped string ceramic column or a glass column to pass through the wall connection, an elastic bumper is used in the wall to connect the cathode support plate, and a sealed insulating protective wiring cap is used to plug in and out the wall
  • the insulation distance between the lead-through conductor and the wall is greater than that of the umbrella-shaped string ceramic column or glass column.
  • the high-voltage part is eliminated from the lead, and directly installed on the end to ensure safety.
  • the overall outer insulation of the high-voltage module is protected by ip68, and the medium is used for heat dissipation.
  • an asymmetric structure is adopted between the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • polar particles are subjected to a force of the same size but in opposite directions, and polar particles reciprocate in the electric field; in an asymmetric electric field, polar particles are subjected to two forces of different sizes, and polar particles act Moving in the direction of high force can avoid coupling.
  • an ionization and dust removal electric field is formed between the cathode of the exhaust gas electric field and the anode of the exhaust gas electric field.
  • the method of reducing electric field coupling includes the following steps: selecting the ratio of the area of the exhaust gas anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field to the discharge area of the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, so that the electric field Coupling times ⁇ 3.
  • the ratio of the dust collecting area of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field to the discharge area of the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field may be: 1.667: 1-1680: 1; 3.334: 1-113.34: 1; 6.67: 1-56.67: 1; 13.34: 1-28.33: 1.
  • the relatively large area of the anode dust collection area of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode and the relatively extremely small exhaust gas discharge electric field cathode discharge area can reduce the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode discharge area, reduce suction, and expand
  • the dust collection area of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field expands the suction, that is, the asymmetric electrode suction between the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field causes the charged dust to fall into the dust collecting surface of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, although the polarity changes However, it can no longer be sucked away by the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, reducing the electric field coupling, and realizing the number of electric field couplings ⁇ 3.
  • the dust collecting area refers to the area of the anode working surface of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the dust collecting area is the inner surface area of the hollow regular hexagonal tube.
  • the dust collecting area is also called Dust area.
  • the discharge area refers to the area of the cathode working surface of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field. For example, if the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is rod-shaped, the discharge area is the rod-shaped outer surface area.
  • the length of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode can be 10 to 180 mm, 10 to 20 mm, 20 to 30 mm, 60 to 180 mm, 30 to 40 mm, 40 to 50 mm, 50 to 60 mm, 60 to 70 mm, 70 to 80 mm , 80-90mm, 90-100mm, 100-110mm, 110-120mm, 120-130mm, 130-140mm, 140-150mm, 150-160mm, 160-170mm, 170-180mm, 60mm, 180mm, 10mm or 30mm.
  • the length of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field refers to the minimum length from one end to the other end of the anode working surface of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field. Selecting this length for the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field can effectively reduce the electric field coupling.
  • the length of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field may be 10 to 90 mm, 15 to 20 mm, 20 to 25 mm, 25 to 30 mm, 30 to 35 mm, 35 to 40 mm, 40 to 45 mm, 45 to 50 mm, 50 to 55 mm , 55 ⁇ 60mm, 60 ⁇ 65mm, 65 ⁇ 70mm, 70 ⁇ 75mm, 75 ⁇ 80mm, 80 ⁇ 85mm or 85 ⁇ 90mm, the design of this length can make the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode and exhaust gas electric field device have high temperature resistance, and The exhaust gas electric field device has high efficiency dust collection ability under high temperature impact.
  • the length of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode may be 30 to 180 mm, 54 to 176 mm, 30 to 40 mm, 40 to 50 mm, 50 to 54 mm, 54 to 60 mm, 60 to 70 mm, 70 to 80 mm, 80 to 90 mm , 90-100mm, 100-110mm, 110-120mm, 120-130mm, 130-140mm, 140-150mm, 150-160mm, 160-170mm, 170-176mm, 170-180mm, 54mm, 180mm, or 30mm.
  • the length of the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field refers to the minimum length from one end to the other end of the cathode working surface of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field. Choosing this length for the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field can effectively reduce the electric field coupling.
  • the length of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode can be 10 to 90 mm, 15 to 20 mm, 20 to 25 mm, 25 to 30 mm, 30 to 35 mm, 35 to 40 mm, 40 to 45 mm, 45 to 50 mm, 50 to 55 mm , 55 ⁇ 60mm, 60 ⁇ 65mm, 65 ⁇ 70mm, 70 ⁇ 75mm, 75 ⁇ 80mm, 80 ⁇ 85mm or 85 ⁇ 90mm, the design of this length can make the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode and exhaust gas electric field device have high temperature resistance, and The exhaust gas electric field device has high efficiency dust collection ability under high temperature impact.
  • the corresponding dust collection efficiency is 99.9%; when the electric field temperature is 400 °C, the corresponding dust collection efficiency is 90%; when the electric field temperature is 500 °C, the corresponding dust collection efficiency is 50 %.
  • the distance between the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field may be 5-30 mm, 2.5-139.9 mm, 9.9-139.9 mm, 2.5-9.9 mm, 9.9-20 mm, 20-30 mm, 30 ⁇ 40mm, 40 ⁇ 50mm, 50 ⁇ 60mm, 60 ⁇ 70mm, 70 ⁇ 80mm, 80 ⁇ 90mm, 90 ⁇ 100mm, 100 ⁇ 110mm, 110 ⁇ 120mm, 120 ⁇ 130mm, 130 ⁇ 139.9mm, 9.9mm, 139.9mm, Or 2.5mm.
  • the distance between the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is also called the pole spacing.
  • the pole spacing specifically refers to the minimum vertical distance between the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode working surface of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field. This choice of pole spacing can effectively reduce electric field coupling and make the exhaust gas electric field device have high temperature resistance characteristics.
  • the diameter of the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 1-3 mm, the pole spacing between the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 2.5-139.9 mm;
  • the ratio of the dust accumulation area to the discharge area of the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 1.667: 1-1680: 1.
  • ionization dust removal can be applied to remove particulate matter in the gas, for example, it can be used to remove particulate matter from engine exhaust.
  • the existing electric field dust removal device is still not suitable for use in vehicles.
  • the electric field dedusting device in the prior art is too large to be installed in a vehicle.
  • it is important that the electric field dust removal device in the prior art can only remove about 70% of the particulate matter, and cannot meet the emission standards of many countries.
  • the inventor of the present invention has found that the disadvantages of the electric field dust removal device in the prior art are caused by electric field coupling.
  • the present invention can significantly reduce the size (ie, volume) of the electric field dust removal device by reducing the number of electric field couplings.
  • the size of the ionization and dust removal device provided by the present invention is about one fifth of the size of the existing ionization and dust removal device.
  • the current ionization dust removal device sets the gas flow rate to about 1 m / s, and the present invention can still obtain a higher gas flow rate when the gas flow rate is increased to 6 m / s. Particle removal rate.
  • the size of the electric field dust collector can be reduced.
  • the present invention can significantly improve the particle removal efficiency. For example, when the gas flow rate is about 1m / s, the prior art electric field dust removal device can remove about 70% of the particulate matter in the engine exhaust, but the present invention can remove about 99% of the particulate matter, even when the gas flow rate is 6m / s . Therefore, the present invention can meet the latest emission standards.
  • the present invention can be used to manufacture electric field dust collectors suitable for vehicles.
  • the ionization and dedusting electric field between the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is also called the third electric field.
  • a fourth electric field that is not parallel to the third electric field is formed between the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the fourth electric field is not perpendicular to the flow channel of the ionization and dust removal electric field.
  • the fourth electric field is also called an auxiliary electric field and can be formed by one or two second auxiliary electrodes.
  • the second auxiliary electrode When the fourth electric field is formed by a second auxiliary electrode, the second auxiliary electrode may be placed at the inlet or the outlet of the ionization electric field, and the second auxiliary electrode may have a negative potential or a positive potential.
  • the fourth electric field is formed by two second auxiliary electrodes, one of the second auxiliary electrodes can have a negative potential and the other second auxiliary electrode can have a positive potential; one second auxiliary electrode can be placed at the entrance of the ionization dust removal electric field, Another second auxiliary electrode is placed at the outlet of the ionization dust removal electric field.
  • the second auxiliary electrode may be a cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field or a part of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, that is, the second auxiliary electrode may be composed of an extension of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode or the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode, and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode and exhaust gas The length of the anode of the dust removal electric field is different.
  • the second auxiliary electrode may also be a separate electrode, which means that the second auxiliary electrode may not be part of the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field or the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field. In this case, the voltage of the fourth electric field is different from the voltage of the third electric field. Can be individually controlled according to the working conditions.
  • the fourth electric field can exert a force toward the outlet of the ionizing electric field between the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field toward the outlet of the ionization electric field, so that the anode ion of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field have negatively charged oxygen ions
  • the flow has a moving speed towards the outlet.
  • the anode of the electric field will be combined with the particulate matter in the exhaust gas during the movement to the outlet of the ionizing electric field. Due to the moving speed of the oxygen ions to the outlet, when the oxygen ions are combined with the particulate matter, there will be no strong collision between the two , So as to avoid greater energy consumption due to strong collisions, ensure that oxygen ions are easily combined with particulate matter, and make the particulate matter in the gas charge more efficiently, and then under the action of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, the energy can be more The collection of more particulate matter ensures that the exhaust gas electric field device has a higher dust removal efficiency.
  • the collection rate of the particulate matter entering the electric field in the direction of ion flow by the exhaust gas electric field device is nearly double that of the particulate matter entering the electric field in the direction of reverse ion flow, thereby increasing the dust collection efficiency of the electric field and reducing the electric power consumption of the electric field.
  • the main reason for the low dust removal efficiency of the dust collection electric field in the prior art is that the direction of the dust entering the electric field is opposite to or perpendicular to the direction of the ion flow in the electric field, which causes the dust and ion flow to collide violently with each other and produce greater energy consumption. It also affects the charging efficiency, thereby reducing the electric field dust collection efficiency and increasing energy consumption in the prior art.
  • the tail gas electric field device collects the dust in the gas, the gas and dust enter the electric field along the ion flow direction, the dust is fully charged, and the electric field consumption is small; the unipolar electric field dust collection efficiency will reach 99.99%.
  • the exhaust gas and dust enter the electric field in the direction of ion flow the dust is not fully charged, the electric power consumption of the electric field will also increase, and the dust collection efficiency will be 40% -75%.
  • the ion flow formed by the exhaust gas electric field device is beneficial to fluid transmission, oxygenation, or heat exchange of the unpowered fan.
  • the particulate matter As the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field continues to collect particulate matter and the like in the exhaust gas, the particulate matter accumulates and forms carbon black on the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, and the thickness of the carbon black continues to increase, which reduces the pole spacing.
  • the phenomenon of electric field back-corona discharge is used in conjunction with an increased voltage to limit the injection current, so that a large amount of plasma is generated by a sudden discharge at the carbon deposit.
  • These low-temperature plasma cause carbon black
  • the middle organic components are deeply oxidized, and the polymer bonds are broken to form small molecules of carbon dioxide and water to complete carbon black cleaning.
  • the ozone molecular cluster simultaneously catches the deposited oil pollution molecular cluster, accelerates the breakage of the hydrocarbon bonds in the oil pollution molecule, and carbonizes some oil molecules to achieve the purpose of purifying the exhaust gas volatiles.
  • carbon black cleaning uses plasma to achieve effects that conventional cleaning methods cannot.
  • Plasma is a state of matter, also called the fourth state of matter, and does not belong to the common three states of solid, liquid, and gas. Apply enough energy to the gas to ionize it into a plasma state.
  • the "active" components of plasma include: ions, electrons, atoms, active groups, excited nuclides (meta-stable state), photons, etc.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device detects the electric field current and adopts any of the following methods to achieve carbon black cleaning:
  • the exhaust gas electric field device uses the electric field back-corona discharge phenomenon to complete carbon black cleaning.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device uses the electric field back-corona discharge phenomenon to increase the voltage, limit the injection current, and complete the carbon black cleaning.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device uses the electric field back-corona discharge phenomenon to increase the voltage and limit the injection current, so that the rapid discharge occurring at the position of the anode carbon deposit generates a plasma, the plasma
  • the organic components of carbon black are deeply oxidized, the polymer bonds are broken, and small molecule carbon dioxide and water are formed to complete the carbon black cleaning.
  • the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field are electrically connected to the two electrodes of the power source, respectively.
  • the voltage loaded on the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field needs to select an appropriate voltage level.
  • the specific voltage level depends on the volume, temperature resistance and dust holding rate of the exhaust gas electric field device.
  • the voltage is from 1kv to 50kv; the temperature resistance conditions are first considered in the design, the parameters of the pole spacing and temperature: 1MM ⁇ 30 degrees, the dust accumulation area is greater than 0.1 square / thousand cubic meters / hour, and the electric field length is greater than 5 Times, control the electric field air flow velocity to be less than 9 meters per second.
  • the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is composed of a second hollow anode tube and is in a honeycomb shape.
  • the shape of the second hollow anode tube port may be circular or polygonal.
  • the value of the inscribed circle of the second hollow anode tube ranges from 5-400mm, the corresponding voltage is between 0.1-120kv, the corresponding current of the second hollow anode tube is between 0.1-30A;
  • the tangent circle corresponds to different corona voltage, about 1KV / 1MM.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device includes a second electric field stage.
  • the second electric field stage includes a plurality of second electric field generating units, and there may be one or more second electric field generating units.
  • the second electric field generating unit is also called a second dust collecting unit.
  • the second dust collecting unit includes the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field. There are one or more second dust collecting units.
  • the dust collection efficiency of the exhaust gas electric field device can be effectively improved.
  • the anodes of the exhaust gas dedusting electric fields have the same polarity
  • the cathodes of the exhaust gas dedusting electric fields have the same polarity.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device further includes a plurality of connecting housings, and the second electric field stages connected in series are connected through the connecting housings; the distance between the second electric field stages of two adjacent stages is greater than 1.4 times the pole spacing.
  • the electret material is charged with an electric field.
  • the electret material will be used to remove dust.
  • the tail gas electric field device includes a tail gas electret element.
  • the tail gas electret element is provided in the anode of the tail gas dedusting electric field.
  • the exhaust electret element when the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field are powered on, the exhaust electret element is in the exhaust gas ionization dedusting electric field.
  • the tail gas electret element is close to the outlet of the tail gas electric field device, or the tail gas electret element is provided at the outlet of the tail gas electric field device.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode form an exhaust gas flow channel, and the exhaust gas electret element is disposed in the exhaust gas flow channel.
  • the exhaust gas channel includes an exhaust gas channel outlet, the exhaust gas electret element is close to the exhaust gas channel outlet, or the exhaust gas electret element is provided in the exhaust gas channel Export.
  • the cross-section of the exhaust gas electret element in the exhaust gas flow channel occupies 5% to 100% of the cross-sectional area of the exhaust gas flow channel.
  • the cross-section of the exhaust electret element in the exhaust gas channel accounts for 10% -90%, 20% -80%, or 40% -60% of the exhaust gas channel cross-section.
  • the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field charges the exhaust gas electret element.
  • the exhaust electret element has a porous structure.
  • the exhaust electret element is a fabric.
  • the inside of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode is tubular
  • the outside of the exhaust gas electret element is tubular
  • the outside of the exhaust gas electret element is sleeved inside the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode.
  • the tail gas electret element and the anode of the tail gas dedusting electric field are detachably connected.
  • the material of the exhaust electret element includes an inorganic compound having electret properties.
  • the electret performance refers to that the tail gas electret element is charged after being charged by an external power source, and still retains a certain charge under the condition of completely disconnecting from the power source, thereby acting as an electrode as an electric field electrode.
  • the inorganic compound is selected from one or more combinations of oxygen-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, or glass fibers.
  • the oxygen-containing compound is selected from one or more combinations of metal-based oxides, oxygen-containing composites, and oxygen-containing inorganic heteropoly acid salts.
  • the metal-based oxide is selected from one or more combinations of aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, barium oxide, tantalum oxide, silicon oxide, lead oxide, and tin oxide .
  • the metal-based oxide is alumina.
  • the oxygen-containing composite is selected from one or more combinations of titanium-zirconium composite oxide or titanium-barium composite oxide.
  • the oxygen-containing inorganic heteropoly acid salt is selected from one or more combinations of zirconium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, or barium titanate.
  • the nitrogen-containing compound is silicon nitride.
  • the material of the exhaust electret element includes an organic compound having electret properties.
  • the electret performance refers to that the tail gas electret element is charged after being charged by an external power source, and still retains a certain charge under the condition of completely disconnecting from the power source, thereby acting as an electrode as an electric field electrode.
  • the organic compound is selected from one or more combinations of fluoropolymer, polycarbonate, PP, PE, PVC, natural wax, resin, and rosin.
  • the fluoropolymer is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyperfluoroethylene propylene (Teflon-FEP), soluble polytetrafluoroethylene (PFA), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) One or more combinations.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Teflon-FEP polyperfluoroethylene propylene
  • PFA soluble polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the exhaust ionization and dedusting electric field is generated under the condition of power-on driving voltage.
  • the exhaust ionization and dedusting electric field is used to ionize part of the to-be-processed objects, adsorb the particulate matter in the exhaust, and charge the exhaust electret element at the same time.
  • the charged exhaust electret element When the voltage is electrically driven, the charged exhaust electret element generates an electric field, and the electric field generated by the charged exhaust electret element absorbs the particulate matter in the exhaust gas, that is, the particulate matter can still be adsorbed in the event that the exhaust ionization and dedusting electric field fails.
  • a tail gas dust removal method includes the following steps: when the tail gas temperature is lower than 100 ° C, the liquid water in the tail gas is removed, and then the ionization dust is removed.
  • the exhaust gas when the temperature of the exhaust gas is ⁇ 100 ° C, the exhaust gas is ionized and dedusted.
  • the liquid water in the exhaust gas is removed, and then the dust is ionized and removed.
  • the liquid water in the exhaust gas is removed, and then the dust is ionized and removed.
  • the liquid water in the exhaust gas is removed, and then the dust is ionized and removed.
  • the liquid water in the tail gas is removed by the electrocoagulation and defogging method, and then ionized to remove dust.
  • a tail gas dust removal method includes the following steps: adding a gas including oxygen before the tail gas ionization dust removal electric field to perform ionization dust removal.
  • oxygen is added by simply increasing oxygen, passing in outside air, passing in compressed air, and / or passing in ozone.
  • the amount of oxygen supplementation is determined based at least on the content of exhaust gas particles.
  • the present invention provides an electric field dust removal method, including the following steps:
  • the dust-containing gas passes through the ionization and dust removal electric field generated by the anode of the dust removal electric field and the cathode of the dust removal electric field;
  • the dust removal process is performed.
  • the dust is cleaned in any of the following ways:
  • the dust is carbon black.
  • the dust-removing electric field cathode includes a plurality of cathode wires.
  • the diameter of the cathode wire can be 0.1mm-20mm, and the size parameter can be adjusted according to the application and dust accumulation requirements. In an embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the cathode wire is not greater than 3 mm.
  • the cathode wire uses a metal wire or an alloy wire that is easy to discharge, is temperature resistant, can support its own weight, and is electrochemically stable.
  • the material of the cathode wire is titanium. The specific shape of the cathode wire is adjusted according to the shape of the anode of the dust removal electric field.
  • the cross section of the cathode wire is circular; if the dust collection surface of the anode of the dust removal electric field is an arc surface, the cathode wire Need to be designed as a polyhedron. The length of the cathode wire is adjusted according to the anode of the dust removal electric field.
  • the dust-removing electric field cathode includes a plurality of cathode rods.
  • the diameter of the cathode rod is not greater than 3 mm.
  • a metal rod or an alloy rod that is easy to discharge is used as the cathode rod.
  • the shape of the cathode rod may be needle-shaped, polygonal, burr-shaped, threaded rod-shaped, columnar or the like. The shape of the cathode rod can be adjusted according to the shape of the anode of the dust-removing electric field.
  • the cross-section of the cathode rod needs to be designed to be circular; if the dust-collecting surface of the anode of the dust-removing electric field is an arc surface , The cathode rod needs to be designed into a polyhedron shape.
  • the cathode of the dust-removing electric field is disposed in the anode of the dust-removing electric field.
  • the dust-removing electric field anode includes one or more hollow anode tubes arranged in parallel. When there are multiple hollow anode tubes, all the hollow anode tubes constitute a honeycomb-shaped dust-removing electric field anode.
  • the hollow anode tube may have a circular or polygonal cross section. If the cross section of the hollow anode tube is circular, a uniform electric field can be formed between the anode of the dedusting electric field and the cathode of the dedusting electric field, and the inner wall of the hollow anode tube is not easy to accumulate dust.
  • the cross section of the hollow anode tube is a triangular shape, three dust accumulation surfaces and three distant dust holding angles can be formed on the inner wall of the hollow anode tube.
  • This structure of the hollow anode tube has the highest dust holding rate. If the cross section of the hollow anode tube is quadrangular, 4 dust-collecting surfaces and 4 dust-holding angles can be obtained, but the grouping structure is unstable. If the cross section of the hollow anode tube is hexagonal, 6 dust accumulation surfaces and 6 dust accumulation angles can be formed, and the dust accumulation surface and the dust accumulation rate are balanced. If the cross section of the hollow anode tube is more polygonal, more dust accumulation edges can be obtained, but the dust holding rate is lost.
  • the diameter of the inscribed circle diameter of the hollow anode tube ranges from 5 mm to 400 mm.
  • the present invention provides a method for reducing electric field coupling of exhaust gas dust removal, including the following steps:
  • the exhaust gas ionizes the dedusting electric field generated by the exhaust gas through the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field;
  • the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field or / and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is selected.
  • the size of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field or / and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is selected such that the number of electric field couplings is ⁇ 3.
  • the ratio of the dust collection area of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode to the discharge area of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode is selected.
  • the ratio of the dust accumulation area of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode to the discharge area of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode is 1.667: 1-1680: 1.
  • the ratio of the dust accumulation area of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode to the discharge area of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode is selected to be 6.67: 1-56.67: 1.
  • the diameter of the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 1-3 mm, the pole spacing between the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 2.5-139.9 mm;
  • the ratio of the dust accumulation area to the discharge area of the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 1.667: 1-1680: 1.
  • the pole separation between the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode is selected to be less than 150 mm.
  • the pole spacing between the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is selected to be 2.5 to 139.9 mm. More preferably, the pole separation between the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is selected to be 5.0-100 mm.
  • the length of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is selected to be 10-180 mm. More preferably, the length of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is selected to be 60-180 mm.
  • the cathode length of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is selected to be 30-180 mm. More preferably, the cathode length of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is selected to be 54-176 mm.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode includes a plurality of cathode wires.
  • the diameter of the cathode wire can be 0.1mm-20mm, and the size parameter can be adjusted according to the application and dust accumulation requirements. In an embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the cathode wire is not greater than 3 mm.
  • the cathode wire uses a metal wire or an alloy wire that is easy to discharge, is temperature resistant, can support its own weight, and is electrochemically stable.
  • the material of the cathode wire is titanium. The specific shape of the cathode wire is adjusted according to the shape of the anode of the dedusting electric field.
  • the cross section of the cathode wire is circular; if the dust collecting surface of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is an arc surface, The cathode wire needs to be designed into a polyhedron shape. The length of the cathode wire is adjusted according to the anode of the dust removal electric field.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode includes a plurality of cathode rods.
  • the diameter of the cathode rod is not greater than 3 mm.
  • a metal rod or an alloy rod that is easy to discharge is used as the cathode rod.
  • the shape of the cathode rod may be needle-shaped, polygonal, burr-shaped, threaded rod-shaped, columnar or the like. The shape of the cathode rod can be adjusted according to the shape of the anode of the dedusting electric field.
  • the cross section of the cathode rod needs to be designed to be circular; if the dust collecting surface of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode is circular Curved surface, the cathode rod needs to be designed into a polyhedron shape.
  • the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is disposed in the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode includes one or more hollow anode tubes arranged in parallel. When there are multiple hollow anode tubes, all the hollow anode tubes constitute a honeycomb-shaped dust-removing electric field anode.
  • the hollow anode tube may have a circular or polygonal cross section. If the cross section of the hollow anode tube is circular, a uniform electric field can be formed between the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, and the inner wall of the hollow anode tube is not easy to accumulate dust.
  • the cross section of the hollow anode tube is a triangle, three dust accumulation surfaces and three far angle dust holding angles can be formed on the inner wall of the hollow anode tube.
  • the hollow tube of this structure has the highest dust holding rate. If the cross section of the hollow anode tube is quadrangular, 4 dust-collecting surfaces and 4 dust-holding angles can be obtained, but the grouping structure is unstable. If the cross section of the hollow anode tube is hexagonal, 6 dust accumulation surfaces and 6 dust accumulation angles can be formed, and the dust accumulation surface and the dust accumulation rate are balanced. If the cross section of the hollow anode tube is more polygonal, more dust accumulation edges can be obtained, but the dust holding rate is lost. In an embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the inscribed circle diameter of the hollow anode tube ranges from 5 mm to 400 mm.
  • An exhaust gas dust removal method includes the following steps:
  • the tail gas electret element is close to the outlet of the tail gas electric field device, or the tail gas electret element is provided at the outlet of the tail gas electric field device.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode form an exhaust gas flow channel, and the exhaust gas electret element is disposed in the exhaust gas flow channel.
  • the exhaust gas channel includes an exhaust gas channel outlet, the exhaust gas electret element is close to the exhaust gas channel outlet, or the exhaust gas electret element is provided in the exhaust gas channel Export.
  • the charged exhaust electret element when the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field has no electrified driving voltage, the charged exhaust electret element is used to adsorb particulate matter in the exhaust gas.
  • the charged exhaust gas electret element adsorbs certain particulate matter in the exhaust gas, it is replaced with a new exhaust gas electret element.
  • the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field is restarted after being replaced with a new exhaust gas electret element to adsorb particulate matter in the exhaust gas and charge the new exhaust gas electret element.
  • the material of the exhaust electret element includes an inorganic compound having electret properties.
  • the electret performance refers to that the tail gas electret element is charged after being charged by an external power source, and still retains a certain charge under the condition of completely disconnecting from the power source, thereby acting as an electrode as an electric field electrode.
  • the inorganic compound is selected from one or more combinations of oxygen-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, or glass fibers.
  • the oxygen-containing compound is selected from one or more combinations of metal-based oxides, oxygen-containing composites, and oxygen-containing inorganic heteropoly acid salts.
  • the metal-based oxide is selected from one or more combinations of aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, barium oxide, tantalum oxide, silicon oxide, lead oxide, and tin oxide .
  • the metal-based oxide is alumina.
  • the oxygen-containing composite is selected from one or more combinations of titanium-zirconium composite oxide or titanium-barium composite oxide.
  • the oxygen-containing inorganic heteropoly acid salt is selected from one or more combinations of zirconium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, or barium titanate.
  • the nitrogen-containing compound is silicon nitride.
  • the material of the exhaust electret element includes an organic compound having electret properties.
  • the electret performance refers to that the tail gas electret element is charged after being charged by an external power source, and still retains a certain charge under the condition of completely disconnecting from the power source, thereby acting as an electrode as an electric field electrode.
  • the organic compound is selected from one or more combinations of fluoropolymer, polycarbonate, PP, PE, PVC, natural wax, resin, and rosin.
  • the fluoropolymer is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyperfluoroethylene propylene (Teflon-FEP), soluble polytetrafluoroethylene (PFA), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) One or more combinations.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Teflon-FEP polyperfluoroethylene propylene
  • PFA soluble polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an electrocoagulation device, including: an electrocoagulation flow channel, a first electrode located in the electrocoagulation flow channel, and a second electrode.
  • an electrocoagulation device including: an electrocoagulation flow channel, a first electrode located in the electrocoagulation flow channel, and a second electrode.
  • the first electrode may be one or more forms of solid, liquid, gas molecular cluster, plasma, conductive mixed state substance, biological natural mixed conductive substance, or artificially processed object to form conductive substance The combination.
  • the first electrode may use solid metal, such as 304 steel, or other solid conductor, such as graphite, etc .; when the first electrode is liquid, the first electrode may be an ion-containing conductive liquid.
  • the shape of the first electrode may be dot-shaped, wire-shaped, mesh-shaped, orifice-shaped, plate-shaped, needle-rod-shaped, ball-cage-shaped, box-shaped, tubular, natural form substance, or processed form substance Wait.
  • the first electrode may have a plate shape, a ball cage shape, a box shape or a tube shape
  • the first electrode may have a non-porous structure or a porous structure.
  • one or more front through holes may be provided on the first electrode.
  • the shape of the front through hole may be a polygon, a circle, an ellipse, a square, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a diamond.
  • the aperture size of the front through hole may be 10-100 mm, 10-20 mm, 20-30 mm, 30-40 mm, 40-50 mm, 50-60 mm, 60-70 mm, 70-80 mm, 80-90 mm , Or 90 ⁇ 100mm.
  • the first electrode may have other shapes.
  • the shape of the second electrode may be a multi-layer mesh, a mesh, an orifice, a tube, a barrel, a ball cage, a box, a plate, a particle accumulation layer, or a bent plate , Or panel-like.
  • the second electrode may also have a non-porous structure or a porous structure.
  • the second electrode has a hole structure, one or more rear through holes may be provided on the second electrode.
  • the shape of the rear through hole may be polygon, circle, ellipse, square, rectangle, trapezoid, or rhombus.
  • the diameter of the rear through hole may be 10-100 mm, 10-20 mm, 20-30 mm, 30-40 mm, 40-50 mm, 50-60 mm, 60-70 mm, 70-80 mm, 80-90 mm, or 90-100 mm.
  • the second electrode is made of a conductive substance.
  • the surface of the second electrode has a conductive substance.
  • the electrocoagulation electric field may be a point-surface electric field, a line-surface electric field, a mesh surface electric field, a point barrel electric field, a line barrel electric field, or a net barrel A combination of one or more electric fields in the electric field.
  • the first electrode is needle-shaped or linear, the second electrode is planar, and the first electrode is perpendicular or parallel to the second electrode, thereby forming a linear electric field; or the first electrode is mesh-shaped, and the second electrode is planar
  • the first electrode is parallel to the second electrode to form a mesh electric field; or the first electrode is dot-shaped and fixed by a wire or a metal needle, the second electrode is barrel-shaped, and the first electrode is located on the second electrode At the center of geometric symmetry, thereby forming a point barrel electric field; or the first electrode is linear and fixed by a wire or a metal needle, the second electrode is barrel-shaped, and the first electrode is located on the geometric symmetry axis of the second electrode, thereby A wire barrel electric field is formed; or the first electrode is mesh-shaped and fixed by a wire or a metal needle, the second electrode is barrel-shaped, and the first electrode is located at the geometrically symmetric center of the second electrode, thereby forming a mesh-barrel electric field.
  • the second electrode When the second electrode is planar, specifically, it may be planar, curved, or spherical.
  • the first electrode When the first electrode is linear, it may be linear, curvilinear, or circular.
  • the first electrode may be arc-shaped.
  • the first electrode When the first electrode is mesh-shaped, it may be flat, spherical or other geometric plane, rectangular, or irregular shape.
  • the first electrode may also be in a dot shape, and may be a real point with a small diameter, a small ball, or a mesh ball.
  • the second electrode When the second electrode has a barrel shape, the second electrode can further evolve into various box shapes.
  • the first electrode can also be changed accordingly to form an electrode and electrocoagulation electric field layer.
  • the first electrode is linear and the second electrode is planar. In an embodiment of the invention, the first electrode is perpendicular to the second electrode. In an embodiment of the invention, the first electrode and the second electrode are parallel. In an embodiment of the present invention, both the first electrode and the second electrode are planar, and the first electrode and the second electrode are parallel. In an embodiment of the invention, the first electrode uses a wire mesh. In an embodiment of the invention, the first electrode is planar or spherical. In an embodiment of the invention, the second electrode is curved or spherical. In an embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode is dot-shaped, linear, or mesh-shaped, the second electrode is barrel-shaped, the first electrode is located inside the second electrode, and the first electrode is located on the central axis of symmetry of the second electrode on.
  • the first electrode is electrically connected to one electrode of the power supply; the second electrode is electrically connected to the other electrode of the power supply. In an embodiment of the invention, the first electrode is electrically connected to the cathode of the power supply, and the second electrode is electrically connected to the anode of the power supply.
  • the first electrode of the electrocoagulation device may have a positive potential or a negative potential; when the first electrode has a positive potential, the second electrode has a negative potential; when the first electrode has a negative potential, the first The two electrodes have a positive potential, and both the first electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected to the power supply, specifically, the first electrode and the second electrode may be electrically connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply, respectively.
  • the voltage of this power supply is called the power-on driving voltage, and the choice of the power-on driving voltage depends on the ambient temperature, the medium temperature, and so on.
  • the power-on driving voltage range of the power supply can be 5-50KV, 10-50KV, 5-10KV, 10-20KV, 20-30KV, 30-40KV, or 40-50KV, from bioelectricity to space haze treatment power .
  • the power supply may be a DC power supply or an AC power supply, and the waveform of the power-up driving voltage may be a DC waveform, a sine wave, or a modulated waveform.
  • DC power supply is used as the basic application of adsorption; sine wave is used as mobile.
  • sine wave's electrified driving voltage acts between the first electrode and the second electrode. The generated coagulation electric field will drive the charged particles in the coagulation electric field.
  • the droplets move toward the second electrode; the ramp wave is used as a pull, and the waveform needs to be modulated according to the pulling force.
  • the edges of both ends of the asymmetric electrocoagulation electric field have obvious directionality to the pulling force generated by the medium in it.
  • the medium in the driving electrocoagulation electric field moves in this direction.
  • the frequency conversion pulse range can be 0.1Hz ⁇ 5GHz, 0.1Hz ⁇ 1Hz, 0.5Hz ⁇ 10Hz, 5Hz ⁇ 100Hz, 50Hz ⁇ 1KHz, 1KHz ⁇ 100KHz, 50KHz ⁇ 1MHz, 1MHz ⁇ 100MHz, 50MHz ⁇ 1GHz, 500MHz ⁇ 2GHz, or 1GHz ⁇ 5GHz, suitable for the adsorption of organisms to pollutant particles.
  • the first electrode can be used as a wire, and when in contact with the water mist, the positive and negative electrons are directly introduced into the water mist. At this time, the water mist itself can be used as an electrode.
  • the first electrode can transfer electrons to the water mist or the electrode through the energy fluctuation method, so that the first electrode can not contact the water mist.
  • the first electrode can transfer electrons to the water mist or the electrode through the energy fluctuation method, so that the first electrode can not contact the water mist.
  • the second electrode During the movement of the water mist from the first electrode to the second electrode, it will repeatedly obtain electrons and lose electrons; at the same time, a large number of electrons are transferred between multiple water mists located between the first electrode and the second electrode, More droplets are charged and eventually reach the second electrode, thereby forming a current, which is also referred to as the power-up drive current.
  • the magnitude of the power-on drive current is related to the ambient temperature, medium temperature, electron quantity, adsorbed substance mass, and escape quantity. For example, as the amount of electrons increases, movable particles, such as fog droplets, increase the current formed by the moving charged particles.
  • the escaped droplets are only charged, but do not reach the second electrode, which means that no effective electrical neutralization is formed, so that under the same conditions, the more the droplets escape, the smaller the current.
  • the two electrodes are attracted, resulting in escape, but because its escape occurs after electrical neutralization, and possibly after repeated electrical neutralization multiple times, the electron conduction speed is increased accordingly, and the current is increased accordingly.
  • the power-on driving voltage needs to be increased.
  • the limit of the power-on driving voltage is to achieve the effect of air breakdown.
  • the influence of medium temperature is basically equivalent to the influence of ambient temperature. The lower the temperature of the medium, the smaller the energy required to excite the medium, such as mist droplets, and the smaller the kinetic energy it has.
  • the electrocoagulation device has better adsorption effect on cold water mist.
  • concentration of the medium such as mist droplets
  • concentration of the medium increases, the more likely the charged medium has electron transfer with other medium before colliding with the second electrode, the greater the chance of effective electrical neutralization, and the resulting current
  • concentration of the medium increases, the more likely the charged medium has electron transfer with other medium before colliding with the second electrode, the greater the chance of effective electrical neutralization, and the resulting current
  • it will be larger; so the higher the concentration of the medium, the greater the current formed.
  • the relationship between power-on driving voltage and medium temperature is basically the same as the relationship between power-on driving voltage and ambient temperature.
  • the power-up driving voltage of the power source connected to the first electrode and the second electrode may be less than the initial halo voltage.
  • the initial halo voltage is the minimum voltage value that can cause a discharge between the first electrode and the second electrode and ionize the gas.
  • the initial halo voltage may be different.
  • the power-on driving voltage of the power supply may specifically be 0.1-2 kV / mm. The power-on driving voltage of the power supply is lower than the air corona starting voltage.
  • both the first electrode and the second electrode extend in the left-right direction, and the left end of the first electrode is located to the left of the left end of the second electrode.
  • the first electrode is located between the two second electrodes.
  • the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode can be set according to the magnitude of the power-on driving voltage between them, the flow velocity of the water mist, and the charging ability of the water mist.
  • the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode may be 5-50 mm, 5-10 mm, 10-20 mm, 20-30 mm, 30-40 mm, or 40-50 mm.
  • the power-on driving voltage is constant, as the distance increases, the strength of the electrocoagulation electric field continues to decrease, and the ability of the medium to charge in the electrocoagulation electric field becomes weaker.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode constitute an adsorption unit.
  • the distribution form of all adsorption units can be flexibly adjusted as needed; all adsorption units can be the same or different.
  • all adsorption units can be distributed in one or more directions of the left-right direction, the front-rear direction, the oblique direction or the spiral direction to meet the requirements of different air volumes.
  • All adsorption units can be distributed in a rectangular array or a pyramid.
  • the above-mentioned first and second electrodes of various shapes can be freely combined to form an adsorption unit.
  • the linear first electrode is inserted into the tubular second electrode to form an adsorption unit, and then combined with the linear first electrode to form a new adsorption unit.
  • the two linear first electrodes can be electrically connected; the new The adsorption units are distributed in one or more directions of the left-right direction, the up-down direction, the oblique direction or the spiral direction.
  • the linear first electrode is inserted into the tubular second electrode to form an adsorption unit, and the adsorption unit is distributed in one or more directions of the left-right direction, the up-down direction, the oblique direction, or the spiral direction to form a new adsorption unit
  • the new adsorption unit is then combined with the first electrodes of various shapes described above to form a new adsorption unit.
  • the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode in the adsorption unit can be arbitrarily adjusted to suit the requirements of different operating voltages and adsorption objects. Different adsorption units can be combined. Different adsorption units can use the same power supply or different power supplies.
  • the power-on driving voltage of each power supply may be the same or different.
  • the electrocoagulation device further includes an electrocoagulation housing.
  • the electrocoagulation housing includes an electrocoagulation inlet, an electrocoagulation outlet, and an electrocoagulation flow channel.
  • the condensate outlet is connected.
  • the electrocoagulation inlet is circular, and the diameter of the electrocoagulation inlet is 300-1000 mm, or 500 mm.
  • the electrocoagulation outlet is circular, and the diameter of the electrocoagulation outlet is 300-1000 mm, or 500 mm.
  • the electrocoagulation housing includes a first housing portion, a second housing portion, and a third housing portion that are sequentially distributed from the electrocoagulation inlet to the electrocoagulation outlet.
  • the electrocoagulation inlet is located in the first housing At one end of the body portion, the electrocoagulation outlet is located at one end of the third housing portion.
  • the outline size of the first housing portion gradually increases from the electrocoagulation inlet to the electrocoagulation outlet.
  • the first housing portion has a straight tubular shape.
  • the second housing portion has a straight tube shape, and the first electrode and the second electrode are installed in the second housing portion.
  • the outline size of the third housing portion gradually decreases from the electrocoagulation inlet to the electrocoagulation outlet.
  • the cross sections of the first housing portion, the second housing portion, and the third housing portion are all rectangular.
  • the material of the electrocoagulation shell is stainless steel, aluminum alloy, iron alloy, cloth, sponge, molecular sieve, activated carbon, foamed iron, or foamed silicon carbide.
  • the first electrode is connected to the electrocoagulation housing through an electrocoagulation insulator.
  • the material of the electrocoagulation insulating member is insulating mica.
  • the electrocoagulation insulating member has a column shape or a tower shape.
  • a cylindrical front connection portion is provided on the first electrode, and the front connection portion is fixedly connected to the electrocoagulation insulating member.
  • the second electrode is provided with a cylindrical rear connection portion, and the rear connection portion is fixedly connected to the electrocoagulation insulating member.
  • the first electrode is located in the electrocoagulation channel.
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the first electrode to the cross-sectional area of the electrocoagulation channel is 99% to 10%, or 90 to 10%, or 80 to 20%, or 70 to 30%, or 60 to 40%, or 50%.
  • the cross-sectional area of the first electrode refers to the sum of the areas of the first electrode along the solid part of the cross-section.
  • the water mist In the process of collecting water mist, the water mist enters the electrocoagulation shell from the electrocoagulation inlet and moves toward the electrocoagulation outlet; during the movement of the water mist toward the electrocoagulation outlet, the water mist will pass through the first electrode and become charged; The two electrodes absorb the charged water mist to collect the water mist on the second electrode.
  • the invention uses the electrocoagulation shell to guide the exhaust gas and water mist to flow through the first electrode, so as to charge the water mist with the first electrode, and collect the water mist with the second electrode, thereby effectively reducing the water mist flowing out from the outlet of the electrocoagulation.
  • the material of the electrocoagulation shell may be metal, non-metal, conductor, non-conductor, water, various conductive liquids, various porous materials, or various foam materials.
  • the material of the electrocoagulation shell is metal
  • the material may be stainless steel, aluminum alloy, or the like.
  • the material of the electrocoagulation shell is non-metal, the material may specifically be cloth, sponge, or the like.
  • the material of the electrocoagulation casing is a conductor, the material may specifically be an iron alloy or the like.
  • a water layer is formed on the surface and the water becomes an electrode, such as a sand layer after absorbing water.
  • the electrocoagulation shell When the material of the electrocoagulation shell is water and various conductive liquids, the electrocoagulation shell is still or flowing. When the material of the electrocoagulation shell is various porous materials, the material may specifically be molecular sieve or activated carbon. When the material of the electrocoagulation shell is various types of foam materials, the material may specifically be foam iron, foam silicon carbide, or the like.
  • the first electrode is fixedly connected to the coagulation housing through an coagulation insulation member.
  • the material of the coagulation insulation member may be insulating mica.
  • the second electrode is directly electrically connected to the electrocoagulation housing.
  • the electrocoagulation housing allows the electrocoagulation housing to have the same potential as the second electrode, so that the electrocoagulation housing can also absorb charged water Fog and electrocoagulation housings also constitute a second electrode.
  • the electrocoagulation flow channel is provided in the electrocoagulation case, and the first electrode is installed in the electrocoagulation flow channel.
  • the second electrode When water mist adheres to the second electrode, condensation will form.
  • the second electrode may extend in the up and down direction, so that when the condensation accumulated on the second electrode reaches a certain weight, it will flow downward along the second electrode under the influence of gravity and finally gather in the device In a fixed position or device, the recovery of water mist adhering to the second electrode is achieved.
  • the electrocoagulation device can be used for refrigeration and defogging.
  • the substance adhering to the second electrode may be collected by applying an electrocoagulation electric field.
  • the material collection direction on the second electrode may be the same as the air flow, or may be different from the air flow direction.
  • the current existing electrostatic field charging theory is to use corona discharge to ionize oxygen to generate a large amount of negative oxygen ions.
  • the negative oxygen ions are in contact with the dust.
  • the dust is charged, and the charged dust is adsorbed by the heteropolar. But when encountering low specific resistance materials such as water mist, the existing electric field adsorption has little effect.
  • the low specific resistance substance is easy to lose electricity after being charged, when the moving negative oxygen ions charge the low specific resistance substance, the low specific resistance substance will quickly lose power, and the negative oxygen ion only moves once, resulting in It is difficult to recharge a low-specific resistance substance such as water mist after it is de-charged, or this charging method greatly reduces the probability of the low-specific resistance substance being charged, so that the entire low-specific resistance substance is in a non-charged state, so that it is difficult for the heteropolar to resist the low specific resistance
  • the substance continues to apply the adsorption force, which eventually results in the extremely low adsorption efficiency of the existing electric field on substances with low specific resistance such as water mist.
  • the above-mentioned electrocoagulation device and electrocoagulation method do not use the charging method to charge the water mist, but directly transfer the electrons to the water mist to make it charged. After a certain droplet is charged and loses power, the new electrons will quickly move from the first
  • the electrode is transferred to the de-energized mist droplets through other mist droplets, so that the droplets can be quickly recharged after being de-energized, which greatly increases the probability of the mist droplets being charged, such as repeated times, so that the entire droplet is in the electrified state.
  • the second electrode can continue to apply attraction force to the mist droplets until the mist droplets are adsorbed, thereby ensuring that the electrocoagulation device has a higher collection efficiency for water mist.
  • the above method for charging mist droplets adopted by the present invention does not require the use of corona wires, corona poles, or corona plates, etc., which simplifies the overall structure of the electrocoagulation device and reduces the manufacturing cost of the electrocoagulation device.
  • the present invention adopts the above-mentioned power-on method, so that a large amount of electrons on the first electrode will be transferred to the second electrode through the mist droplets, and a current is formed.
  • the electrocoagulation device When the concentration of water mist flowing through the electrocoagulation device is greater, the electrons on the first electrode are more easily transferred to the second electrode through the water mist, and more electrons will be transferred between the droplets, making the first electrode and the first The current formed between the two electrodes is greater, and makes the droplets more likely to be charged, and makes the electrocoagulation device more efficient in collecting water mist.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an electrocoagulation defogging method, which includes the following steps:
  • the first electrode charges the water mist in the gas
  • the second electrode applies an attractive force to the charged water mist, so that the water mist moves toward the second electrode until the water mist adheres to On the second electrode.
  • the first electrode introduces electrons into the water mist, and the electrons are transferred between the mist droplets between the first electrode and the second electrode, so that more mist droplets are charged.
  • electrons are conducted between the first electrode and the second electrode through water mist, and an electric current is formed.
  • the first electrode charges the water mist by contact with the water mist.
  • the first electrode charges the water mist by means of energy fluctuation.
  • the water mist attached to the second electrode forms water droplets, and the water droplets on the second electrode flow into the collection tank.
  • the water droplets on the second electrode flow into the collection tank under the action of gravity.
  • the blowing water droplets flow into the collection tank.
  • the water mist flows through the first electrode; when the water mist flows through the first electrode, the first electrode charges the water mist, and the second electrode applies an attractive force to the charged water mist, so that the water mist The second electrode moves until the water mist adheres to the second electrode.
  • the first electrode introduces electrons into the water mist, and the electrons are transferred between the mist droplets between the first electrode and the second electrode, so that more mist droplets are charged.
  • electrons are conducted between the first electrode and the second electrode through water mist, and an electric current is formed.
  • the first electrode charges the water mist by contact with the water mist.
  • the first electrode charges the water mist by means of energy fluctuation.
  • the water mist attached to the second electrode forms water droplets, and the water droplets on the second electrode flow into the collection tank.
  • the water droplets on the second electrode flow into the collection tank under the action of gravity.
  • the blowing water droplets flow into the collection tank.
  • the engine exhaust gas dust removal system in this embodiment includes an exhaust gas treatment device, and the exhaust gas treatment device is used to treat exhaust gas to be discharged into the atmosphere.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an exhaust gas treatment device in an embodiment.
  • the exhaust gas treatment device 102 includes an exhaust gas electric field device 1021, an exhaust gas insulation mechanism 1022, an exhaust gas wind equalization device, a water removal device, and an oxygen supplement device.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device 1021 includes an exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 10211 and an exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 10212 provided in the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 10211.
  • An asymmetric electrostatic field is formed between the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 10211 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 10212.
  • the interior of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 10212 is composed of a honeycomb-shaped and hollow anode tube bundle group, and the shape of the anode tube bundle port is hexagonal.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 10212 includes a plurality of electrode rods, one for each anode tube bundle in the anode tube bundle group corresponding to each other, wherein the electrode rods are shaped like needles, polygons, burrs, Threaded rod or column.
  • the inlet end of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 10212 is lower than the inlet end of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 10211, and the outlet end of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 10212 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 10211 The outlet end of the gas is flush, so that an accelerated electric field is formed inside the exhaust gas electric field device 1021.
  • the exhaust gas insulation mechanism 1022 overhanging the air passage includes an insulation portion and a heat insulation portion.
  • the material of the insulating part is a ceramic material or a glass material.
  • the insulation part is an umbrella-shaped string ceramic column, and the umbrella is glazed inside and outside. Please refer to FIG. 2, which shows a schematic structural diagram of an umbrella-shaped exhaust insulation mechanism in an embodiment.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode is installed on a cathode support plate 10213, and the cathode support plate 10213 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 10211 are connected by an exhaust gas insulation mechanism 1022.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 10211 includes a third anode portion 102112 and a fourth anode portion 102111, that is, the third anode portion 102112 is near the inlet of the dust removal device, and the fourth anode portion 102111 is near the outlet of the dust removal device.
  • the cathode support plate 10213 and the exhaust gas insulation mechanism 1022 are between the third anode portion 102112 and the fourth anode portion 102111, that is, the exhaust gas insulation mechanism 1022 is installed in the middle of the ionization electric field or the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 10212, and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 10212 It plays a good supporting role, and fixes the cathode 10212 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field relative to the anode 10211 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, so as to maintain the set distance between the cathode 10212 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the anode 10211 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the exhaust gas equalizing device 1023 is provided at the intake end of the exhaust gas electric field device 1021. Please refer to FIG. 3A, FIG. 3B and FIG. 3C, which are structural diagrams of three implementations of the exhaust air equalizing device.
  • the exhaust air equalizing device 1023 is an air equalizing blade located at the air inlet and rotating around the center of the air inlet 10231 composition.
  • the exhaust air equalizing device 1023 can make the intake air amount of the engine changing at various rotation speeds evenly pass through the electric field generated by the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the internal temperature of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field can be kept constant, and the oxygen is sufficient.
  • the exhaust gas equalizing device includes:
  • An air inlet pipe 10232 located on one side of the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field
  • An air outlet pipe 10233 provided on the other side of the anode of the dust removal electric field; wherein the side where the air inlet pipe 10232 is installed is opposite to the other side where the air outlet pipe 10233 is installed.
  • the exhaust gas equalizing device may further include a second venturi plate air equalizing mechanism 10234 provided at the intake end of the anode of the exhaust gas dust removal electric field and a third provided at the outlet end of the anode of the exhaust gas dust removal electric field Venturi plate air distribution mechanism 10235 (the third Venturi plate air distribution mechanism is folded in a plan view), the third Venturi plate air distribution mechanism is provided with an air inlet, and the third Venturi plate air distribution mechanism The upper opening is provided with an air outlet hole, and the air inlet hole and the air outlet hole are arranged in a staggered arrangement, and the front air inlet side air is discharged to form a cyclone structure.
  • the water removal device is used to remove liquid water before the entrance of the tail gas electric field device.
  • the water removal device removes liquid water from the tail gas
  • the water removal device 207 is electrocoagulation and mist removal Device.
  • the electrocoagulation defogging device can adopt the electrocoagulation devices of the following embodiments 24 to 37.
  • the water removal device provided in the exhaust gas electric field device 1021 includes a conductive mesh plate as a first electrode, and the conductive mesh plate is used to conduct electrons to water (low specific resistance substance) after power-on.
  • the second electrode for adsorbing charged water is the anode 10211 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field device of the exhaust gas electric field device.
  • the first electrode of the exhaust water filtering mechanism is disposed at the air inlet, and the first electrode is a conductive mesh plate with a negative potential.
  • the second electrode of this embodiment is provided in the air intake device in a net shape, and the second electrode has a positive electric potential.
  • the second electrode is also called a collector.
  • the second electrode is specifically planar and the first electrode is parallel to the second electrode.
  • a mesh electric field is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode.
  • the first electrode is a mesh structure made of wire, and the first electrode is composed of a wire mesh. In this embodiment, the area of the second electrode is larger than the area of the first electrode.
  • the oxygen supplementing device is used to add a gas including oxygen before the tail gas ionization and dedusting electric field.
  • the oxygen supplementing device can add oxygen by simply increasing oxygen, passing in outside air, passing in compressed air, and / or passing in ozone.
  • the amount of oxygen supplementation is determined according to the content of exhaust gas particles.
  • the oxygen supplementing device of the following Embodiment 23 can be used.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device shown in FIG. 4 includes an exhaust gas dust removal electric field anode 10141, an exhaust gas dust removal electric field cathode 10142, and an exhaust gas electret element 205.
  • the exhaust gas dust removal electric field anode 10141 and the exhaust gas dust removal electric field cathode 10142 are formed when the power is turned on
  • the exhaust gas electret element 205 is provided in the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field.
  • the direction of the arrow in FIG. 4 is the flow direction of the object to be treated.
  • the tail gas electret element is provided at the outlet of the tail gas electric field device.
  • the tail gas ionization and dust removal electric field charges the tail gas electret element.
  • the exhaust electret element has a porous structure, and the material of the exhaust electret element is alumina.
  • the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is tubular, the exterior of the exhaust gas electret element is tubular, and the exterior of the exhaust gas electret element is sheathed inside the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the tail gas electret element is detachably connected to the tail gas dedusting electric field anode.
  • An exhaust gas dust removal method includes the following steps:
  • the tail gas electret element is provided at the outlet of the tail gas electric field device; the material of the tail gas electret element is alumina; when the tail gas ionization and dust removal electric field has no electrified driving voltage, the charged tail gas electret element is used for adsorption Particulate matter in the exhaust gas; after the charged exhaust gas electret element adsorbs certain particulate matter in the exhaust gas, replace it with a new exhaust gas electret element; replace it with a new exhaust gas electret element and restart the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field It adsorbs particulate matter in the exhaust gas and charges new exhaust electret components.
  • the above-mentioned exhaust gas electric field device and electrostatic dedusting method are used to treat the exhaust gas after the motor vehicle is started, the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field is used to adsorb the particulate matter in the exhaust gas after the motor vehicle is started, and the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field is used to charge the exhaust electret element .
  • the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field has no electrified driving voltage (ie, failure)
  • the charged exhaust gas electret element can absorb particulate matter in the exhaust gas, and the purification efficiency of more than 50% can be achieved.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 includes an exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 10141, an exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 10142 and an exhaust gas electret element 205.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 10141 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 10142 form an exhaust gas In the flow channel 292, the exhaust electret element 205 is provided in the exhaust gas channel 292, and the direction of the arrow in FIG. 5 is the flow direction of the object to be treated.
  • the exhaust gas flow channel 292 includes an exhaust gas flow channel outlet, and the exhaust gas electret element 205 is close to the exhaust gas flow channel outlet.
  • the cross-section of the tail gas electret element in the tail gas flow channel accounts for 10% of the cross-section of the tail gas flow channel, as shown in FIG. 7, which is S2 / (S1 + S2) * 100%, where S2 is the first cross-section
  • the area is the cross-sectional area of the exhaust electret element in the exhaust gas channel, and the sum of the first cross-sectional area of S1 and the second cross-sectional area of S2 is the cross-sectional area of the exhaust gas channel, and the first cross-sectional area of S1 is not Including the cross-sectional area of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 10142.
  • the tail gas dedusting electric field anode and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode form a tail gas ionization and dust removing electric field when the power is turned on.
  • the tail gas ionization and dust removal electric field charges the tail gas electret element.
  • the exhaust gas electret element has a porous structure, and the material of the exhaust gas electret element is polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is tubular, the exterior of the exhaust gas electret element is tubular, and the exterior of the exhaust gas electret element is sheathed inside the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the tail gas electret element is detachably connected to the tail gas dedusting electric field anode.
  • An exhaust gas dust removal method includes the following steps:
  • the tail gas electret element is close to the tail gas flow channel outlet; the material of the tail gas electret element is polytetrafluoroethylene; when the tail gas ionization and dust removal electric field has no electrified driving voltage, the charged tail gas electret is used
  • the body element absorbs particulate matter in the exhaust gas; after the charged exhaust gas electret element adsorbs certain particulate matter in the exhaust gas, it is replaced with a new exhaust gas electret element; after replacing with a new exhaust gas electret element, the exhaust gas is restarted
  • the ionization dedusting electric field absorbs particulate matter in the exhaust gas and charges the new exhaust electret element.
  • the above-mentioned exhaust gas electric field device and electrostatic dedusting method are used to treat the exhaust gas after the motor vehicle is started, the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field is used to adsorb the particulate matter in the exhaust gas after the motor vehicle is started, and the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field is used to charge the exhaust electret element .
  • the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field has no electrified driving voltage (ie, failure)
  • the charged exhaust gas electret element can absorb particulate matter in the exhaust gas, and the purification efficiency of more than 30% can be achieved.
  • the engine exhaust dust removal system includes a water removal device 207 and an exhaust gas electric field device.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device includes an exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 10211 and an exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 10212, and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 10211 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 10212 are used to generate an exhaust gas ionization dedusting electric field.
  • the water removal device 207 is used to remove liquid water before the entrance of the tail gas electric field device. When the temperature of the tail gas is lower than 100 ° C, the water removal device removes liquid water from the tail gas, and the water removal device 207 is an electrocoagulation device , The direction of the arrow in the figure is the direction of exhaust gas flow.
  • a tail gas dust removal method includes the following steps: when the tail gas temperature is lower than 100 ° C, the liquid water in the tail gas is removed, and then the ionization dust is removed, wherein the liquid water in the tail gas is removed by an electrocoagulation and demisting method, the tail gas is gasoline Exhaust gas during engine cold start, reduce water droplets or liquid water in exhaust gas, reduce uneven discharge of exhaust gas ionization and dedusting electric field and anode breakdown of exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode and exhaust gas dedusting electric field, improve ionization and dust removal efficiency, ionization and dust removal efficiency is above 99.9%
  • the ionization dust removal efficiency of the dust removal method that does not remove the liquid water in the exhaust gas is 70% or less.
  • the liquid water in the exhaust gas is removed, and then ionized and dedusted, reducing the water droplets in the exhaust gas, that is, liquid water, reducing the uneven discharge of the exhaust gas ionization and dedusting electric field cathode and exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode and exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode Breakdown, improve ionization dust removal efficiency.
  • the engine exhaust dust removal system includes an oxygen supplement device 208 and an exhaust gas electric field device.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device includes an exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 10211 and an exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 10212, and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 10211 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 10212 are used to generate an exhaust gas ionization dedusting electric field.
  • the oxygen supplementing device 208 is used to add a gas including oxygen before the tail gas ionization and dedusting electric field.
  • the oxygen supplementing device 208 adds oxygen by passing outside air, and determines the oxygen supplementing amount according to the content of the exhaust gas particles.
  • the direction of the arrow in the figure is the flow direction of the oxygen supplementing device including oxygen.
  • a tail gas dust removal method includes the following steps: adding a gas including oxygen before the tail gas ionization and dust removal electric field, performing ionization dust removal, adding oxygen by passing outside air, and determining the amount of oxygen supplement according to the content of tail gas particles.
  • the engine exhaust dust removal system of the present invention includes an oxygen supplement device, which can add oxygen by simply adding oxygen, passing in outside air, passing in compressed air, and / or passing in ozone to increase the oxygen content of the exhaust gas entering the exhaust ionization and dust removal electric field.
  • the ionized oxygen is increased, so that more dust in the tail gas is charged, and then under the action of the anode of the tail gas electric field Collecting the charged dust makes the exhaust electric field device's dust removal efficiency higher, which is conducive to the tail gas ionization dust removal electric field collecting tail gas particulate matter, and can also play a role in cooling, increasing the efficiency of the power system, and oxygen supplementation will also improve the tail gas ionization
  • the ozone content of the dust removal electric field is conducive to improving the efficiency of the tail gas ionization dust removal electric field to purify, self-clean and denitrate the organic matter in the tail gas.
  • the electric field generating unit in this embodiment is applied to a tail gas electric field device. As shown in FIG. 10, it includes a tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and a tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 for forming a tail gas ionization dedusting electric field.
  • the tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and tail gas dedusting The electric field cathode 4052 is electrically connected to the two electrodes of the power source respectively.
  • the power source is a DC power source.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 are electrically connected to the anode and cathode of the DC power source, respectively.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a positive potential
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a negative potential.
  • the DC power supply may specifically be a DC high-voltage power supply.
  • a tail gas ionization and dedusting electric field is formed between the above-mentioned tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052, and the tail gas deionization and dust removal electric field is an electrostatic field.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field in this embodiment is a hollow regular hexagonal tube
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is rod-shaped
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is installed on the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field in.
  • the method for reducing electric field coupling includes the following steps: the ratio of the dust collecting area of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 to the discharge area of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is 6.67: 1, and the pole spacing between the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 It is 9.9mm, the length of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is 60mm, and the length of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is 54mm.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 includes an exhaust gas channel, and the exhaust gas flow channel includes an inlet end and an outlet end.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device includes an electric field stage composed of a plurality of electric field generating units, and there are a plurality of electric field stages, so as to effectively improve the dust collection efficiency of the exhaust gas electric field device by using a plurality of dust collection units.
  • the anodes of each tail gas ionization and dust removal electric field have the same polarity, and the tail gas ionization and dust removal electric fields have the same polarity.
  • the electric field stages of the multiple electric field stages are connected in series, and the series electric field stages are connected by a connecting shell.
  • the distance between the adjacent two electric field stages is greater than 1.4 times the pole spacing.
  • the electric field levels are two levels, that is, a first-level electric field 4053 and a second-level electric field 4054.
  • the first-level electric field 4053 and the second-level electric field 4054 are connected in series through a connection housing 4055. .
  • the substance to be treated may be particulate dust or other impurities to be treated, such as aerosol, water mist, oil mist, etc.
  • the above-mentioned gas is exhaust gas discharged from the engine.
  • the electric field generating unit in this embodiment is applied to a tail gas electric field device. As shown in FIG. 10, it includes a tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and a tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 for forming a tail gas ionization dedusting electric field.
  • the tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and tail gas dedusting The electric field cathode 4052 is electrically connected to the two electrodes of the power source respectively.
  • the power source is a DC power source.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 are electrically connected to the anode and cathode of the DC power source, respectively.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a positive potential
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a negative potential.
  • the DC power supply may specifically be a DC high-voltage power supply.
  • a tail gas ionization and dedusting electric field is formed between the above-mentioned tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052, and the tail gas deionization and dust removal electric field is an electrostatic field.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is a hollow regular hexagonal tube
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is rod-shaped
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is installed in the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051.
  • the method for reducing electric field coupling includes the following steps: the ratio of the dust collecting area of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field to the discharge area of the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 1680: 1, and the pole spacing between the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode 4052 Is 139.9mm, the length of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is 180mm, and the length of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is 180mm.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 includes an exhaust gas channel, and the exhaust gas flow channel includes an inlet end and an outlet end.
  • An electric field cathode 4052 is placed in the exhaust gas channel, the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 extends in the direction of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode exhaust gas channel, the inlet end of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is flush with the near inlet end of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 The outlet end of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is flush with the near outlet end of the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, so that under the action of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, more substances to be treated can be collected , Realize the electric field coupling times ⁇ 3, can reduce the electric field to aerosol , Fog, mist, loose particulate matter smooth coupling consumption, electric power saving of 20 to 40%.
  • the substance to be treated may be particulate dust or other impurities to be treated, such as aerosol, water mist, oil mist, etc.
  • the above-mentioned gas is exhaust gas discharged from the engine.
  • the electric field generating unit in this embodiment is applied to a tail gas electric field device. As shown in FIG. 10, it includes a tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and a tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 for forming a tail gas ionization dedusting electric field.
  • the tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and tail gas dedusting The electric field cathode 4052 is electrically connected to the two electrodes of the power source respectively.
  • the power source is a DC power source.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 are electrically connected to the anode and cathode of the DC power source, respectively.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a positive potential
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a negative potential.
  • the DC power supply may specifically be a DC high-voltage power supply.
  • a tail gas ionization and dedusting electric field is formed between the above-mentioned tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052, and the tail gas deionization and dust removal electric field is an electrostatic field.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is a hollow regular hexagonal tube
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is rod-shaped
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is installed in the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051.
  • the method for reducing electric field coupling includes the following steps: the ratio of the dust collecting area of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field to the discharge area of the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 1.667: 1, and the pole spacing of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field
  • the length of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 30 mm
  • the length of the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 30 mm.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field includes an exhaust gas channel, and the exhaust gas channel includes an inlet end and an outlet end.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting An electric field cathode 4052 is placed in the exhaust gas channel, the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 extends in the direction of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode exhaust gas channel, the inlet end of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is flush with the near inlet end of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052
  • the outlet end of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is flush with the near outlet end of the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, so that under the action of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, more substances to be treated can be collected ,
  • Realize the electric field coupling times ⁇ 3 can reduce the electric field to aerosol Mist, oil mist, loose particulate matter smooth coupling consumption, electric power saving 10 to 30%.
  • the substance to be treated may be particulate dust or other impurities to be treated, such as aerosol, water mist, oil mist, etc.
  • the above-mentioned gas is exhaust gas discharged from the engine.
  • the electric field generating unit in this embodiment is applied to a tail gas electric field device. As shown in FIG. 10, it includes a tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and a tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 for forming a tail gas ionization dedusting electric field.
  • the tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and tail gas dedusting The electric field cathode 4052 is electrically connected to the two electrodes of the power source respectively.
  • the power source is a DC power source.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 are electrically connected to the anode and cathode of the DC power source, respectively.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a positive potential
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a negative potential.
  • the DC power supply may specifically be a DC high-voltage power supply.
  • a tail gas ionization and dedusting electric field is formed between the above-mentioned tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052, and the tail gas deionization and dust removal electric field is an electrostatic field.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field in this embodiment is a hollow regular hexagonal tube
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is rod-shaped
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is installed on the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field
  • the ratio of the dust collecting area of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field to the discharge area of the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 6.67: 1
  • the pole spacing between the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 9.9mm
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field The length of the anode 4051 is 60 mm
  • the length of the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 54 mm.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field includes an exhaust gas channel.
  • the exhaust gas channel includes an inlet end and an outlet end.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is placed in the In the exhaust gas channel, the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field extends in the direction of the anode exhaust gas channel of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the inlet end of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is flush with the near inlet end of the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device includes an electric field stage composed of a plurality of electric field generating units, and there are a plurality of electric field stages, so as to effectively improve the dust collection efficiency of the exhaust gas electric field device by using a plurality of dust collection units.
  • the anode of each exhaust gas dedusting electric field has the same polarity
  • the cathode of each exhaust gas dedusting electric field has the same polarity.
  • the electric field stages of the multiple electric field stages are connected in series, and the series electric field stages are connected by a connecting shell.
  • the distance between the adjacent two electric field stages is greater than 1.4 times the pole spacing.
  • the electric field levels are two levels, that is, a first-level electric field 4053 and a second-level electric field 4054.
  • the first-level electric field 4053 and the second-level electric field 4054 are connected in series through a connection housing 4055.
  • the substance to be treated may be particulate dust or other impurities to be treated, such as aerosol, water mist, oil mist, etc.
  • the above-mentioned gas is exhaust gas discharged from the engine.
  • the electric field generating unit in this embodiment is applied to a tail gas electric field device. As shown in FIG. 10, it includes a tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and a tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 for generating electric fields.
  • the tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 They are electrically connected to the two electrodes of the power supply respectively.
  • the power supply is a DC power supply.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 are electrically connected to the anode and cathode of the DC power supply, respectively.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a positive potential
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a negative potential.
  • the DC power supply may specifically be a DC high-voltage power supply.
  • a tail gas ionization and dedusting electric field is formed between the above-mentioned tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052, and the tail gas deionization and dust removal electric field is an electrostatic field.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is a hollow regular hexagonal tube
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is rod-shaped
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is interposed in the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051
  • the dust collecting area of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is The ratio of the discharge area of the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 1680: 1
  • the pole spacing between the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 139.9mm
  • the length of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 180mm
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 includes an exhaust gas fluid channel
  • the exhaust gas flow channel includes an inlet end and an outlet end
  • the inlet end of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is flush with the near inlet end of the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the outlet end of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is near the outlet of the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field. The end is flush, and then the anode 4051 and the exhaust dust in the exhaust gas dedusting electric field Under the action of the electric field cathode 4052, more materials to be treated can be collected to ensure a higher dust collection efficiency of the electric field device, and the typical tail gas particle pm0.23 dust collection efficiency is 99.99%.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device includes an electric field stage composed of a plurality of electric field generating units, and there are a plurality of electric field stages, so as to effectively improve the dust collection efficiency of the exhaust gas electric field device by using a plurality of dust collection units.
  • the anode of each exhaust gas dedusting electric field has the same polarity
  • the cathode of each exhaust gas dedusting electric field has the same polarity.
  • the substance to be treated may be particulate dust or other impurities to be treated, such as aerosol, water mist, oil mist, etc.
  • the above gas is exhaust gas discharged from the engine.
  • the electric field generating unit in this embodiment is applied to a tail gas electric field device. As shown in FIG. 10, it includes a tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and a tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 for generating electric fields.
  • the tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 They are electrically connected to the two electrodes of the power supply respectively.
  • the power supply is a DC power supply.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 are electrically connected to the anode and cathode of the DC power supply, respectively.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a positive potential
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a negative potential.
  • the DC power supply may specifically be a DC high-voltage power supply.
  • a tail gas ionization and dedusting electric field is formed between the above-mentioned tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052, and the tail gas deionization and dust removal electric field is an electrostatic field.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is a hollow regular hexagonal tube
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is rod-shaped
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is interposed in the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051
  • the dust collecting area of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is
  • the ratio of the discharge area of the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 1.667: 1
  • the pole spacing between the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is 2.4 mm.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a length of 30 mm
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a length of 30 mm
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field includes an exhaust gas channel
  • the exhaust gas channel includes an inlet end and an outlet end
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field In the exhaust gas flow channel, the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 extends in the direction of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode exhaust gas channel
  • the inlet end of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is flush with the near inlet end of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052
  • the outlet end of the anode 4051 of the electric field is flush with the near outlet end of the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, and under the action of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 constitute a dust collecting unit, and there are a plurality of dust collecting units, so as to effectively improve the dust collecting efficiency of the exhaust gas electric field device by using a plurality of dust collecting units.
  • the substance to be treated may be particulate dust or other impurities to be treated, such as aerosol, water mist, oil mist, etc.
  • the above gas is exhaust gas discharged from the engine.
  • the engine exhaust dust removal system in this embodiment includes the exhaust gas electric field device in Embodiment 9, Embodiment 10, or Embodiment 11 described above.
  • the exhaust gas discharged from the engine must first flow through the exhaust gas electric field device to effectively remove dust and other pollutants in the gas; then, the treated gas is then discharged to the atmosphere to reduce the engine exhaust gas The impact of the atmosphere.
  • the electric field generating unit in this embodiment is applied to a tail gas electric field device. As shown in FIG. 10, it includes a tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and a tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 for forming a tail gas ionization dedusting electric field.
  • the tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and tail gas dedusting The electric field cathode 4052 is electrically connected to the two electrodes of the power source respectively.
  • the power source is a DC power source.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 are electrically connected to the anode and cathode of the DC power source, respectively.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a positive potential
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a negative potential.
  • the DC power supply may specifically be a DC high-voltage power supply.
  • a tail gas ionization and dedusting electric field is formed between the above-mentioned tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052, and the tail gas deionization and dust removal electric field is an electrostatic field.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is a hollow regular hexagonal tube
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is rod-shaped
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is interposed in the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is 5 cm in length
  • the exhaust gas The cathode 4052 of the dust removal electric field has a length of 5 cm.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas removal electric field includes an exhaust gas channel.
  • the exhaust gas channel includes an inlet end and an outlet end.
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust dust electric field is placed in the exhaust gas channel.
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field extends along the direction of the anode exhaust fluid channel of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the inlet end of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is flush with the near inlet end of the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the outlet end of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is in line with the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the near outlet end of the cathode 4052 is flush, the pole spacing between the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is 9.9mm, and then the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 make it resistant to high temperature Shock, and can collect more materials to be processed, to ensure The dust collection efficiency of the electric field generating unit is higher.
  • the dust collection efficiency corresponding to an electric field temperature of 200 ° C is 99.9%; the dust collection efficiency corresponding to an electric field temperature of 400 ° C is 90%; the dust collection efficiency corresponding to an electric field temperature of 500 ° C is 50%.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device in this embodiment includes an electric field stage composed of a plurality of the above electric field generating units, and there are a plurality of the electric field stages, so as to effectively improve the dust collection efficiency of the electric field device by using a plurality of dust collection units.
  • the anode of each exhaust gas dedusting electric field has the same polarity
  • the cathode of each exhaust gas dedusting electric field has the same polarity.
  • the substance to be treated may be particulate dust.
  • the above gas is exhaust gas discharged from the engine.
  • the electric field generating unit in this embodiment is applied to a tail gas electric field device. As shown in FIG. 10, it includes a tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and a tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 for generating electric fields.
  • the tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 They are electrically connected to the two electrodes of the power supply respectively.
  • the power supply is a DC power supply.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 are electrically connected to the anode and cathode of the DC power supply, respectively.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a positive potential
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a negative potential.
  • the DC power supply may specifically be a DC high-voltage power supply.
  • a tail gas ionization and dedusting electric field is formed between the above-mentioned tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052, and the tail gas deionization and dust removal electric field is an electrostatic field.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is a hollow regular hexagonal tube
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is rod-shaped
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is interposed in the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is 9 cm in length
  • the exhaust gas The cathode 4052 of the dust removal electric field has a length of 9 cm.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas removal electric field includes an exhaust gas channel.
  • the exhaust gas channel includes an inlet end and an outlet end.
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust dust electric field is placed in the exhaust gas channel.
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field extends along the direction of the anode exhaust fluid channel of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the inlet end of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is flush with the near inlet end of the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the outlet end of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is in line with the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the near outlet end of the cathode 4052 is flush, and the pole separation between the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is 139.9 mm, and then the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 make it resistant to high temperature Shock, and can collect more materials to be processed Higher dust collecting efficiency of the present field generating unit.
  • the dust collection efficiency corresponding to an electric field temperature of 200 ° C is 99.9%; the dust collection efficiency corresponding to an electric field temperature of 400 ° C is 90%; the dust collection efficiency corresponding to an electric field temperature of 500 ° C is 50%.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device in this embodiment includes an electric field stage composed of a plurality of the above electric field generating units, and there are a plurality of the electric field stages, so as to effectively improve the dust collection efficiency of the electric field device by using a plurality of dust collection units.
  • the anodes of each storage electric field have the same polarity
  • the cathodes of the exhaust gas dedusting electric fields have the same polarity.
  • the substance to be treated may be particulate dust.
  • the above gas is exhaust gas discharged from the engine.
  • the electric field generating unit in this embodiment is applied to a tail gas electric field device. As shown in FIG. 10, it includes a tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and a tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 for generating electric fields.
  • the tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 They are electrically connected to the two electrodes of the power supply respectively.
  • the power supply is a DC power supply.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 are electrically connected to the anode and cathode of the DC power supply, respectively.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a positive potential
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a negative potential.
  • the DC power supply may specifically be a DC high-voltage power supply.
  • a tail gas ionization and dedusting electric field is formed between the above-mentioned tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052, and the tail gas deionization and dust removal electric field is an electrostatic field.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is a hollow regular hexagonal tube
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is rod-shaped
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is interposed in the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 is 1 cm in length
  • the exhaust gas The cathode 4052 of the dedusting electric field has a length of 1 cm.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field includes an exhaust gas channel.
  • the exhaust gas channel includes an inlet end and an outlet end.
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is placed in the exhaust gas channel.
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field extends along the direction of the anode exhaust fluid channel of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the inlet end of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is flush with the near inlet end of the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the outlet end of the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is in line with the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the near outlet end of the cathode 4052 is flush, and the pole spacing between the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 is 2.4 mm, and then the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 make it resistant to high temperature Shock, and can collect more materials to be processed Higher dust collecting efficiency of the present field generating unit.
  • the dust collection efficiency corresponding to an electric field temperature of 200 ° C is 99.9%; the dust collection efficiency corresponding to an electric field temperature of 400 ° C is 90%; the dust collection efficiency corresponding to an electric field temperature of 500 ° C is 50%.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device in this embodiment includes an electric field stage composed of a plurality of the above electric field generating units, and there are a plurality of the electric field stages, so as to effectively improve the dust collection efficiency of the electric field device by using a plurality of dust collection units.
  • the anode of each exhaust gas dedusting electric field has the same polarity
  • the cathode of each exhaust gas dedusting electric field has the same polarity.
  • the electric field stages of the multiple electric field stages are connected in series, and the series electric field stages are connected by a connecting shell.
  • the distance between the adjacent two electric field stages is greater than 1.4 times the pole spacing.
  • the electric field levels are two levels, namely, the first level electric field and the second level electric field, and the first level electric field and the second level electric field are connected in series through a connection housing.
  • the substance to be treated may be particulate dust.
  • the above gas is exhaust gas discharged from the engine.
  • the electric field generating unit in this embodiment is applied to a tail gas electric field device. As shown in FIG. 10, it includes a tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and a tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 for generating electric fields.
  • the tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 They are electrically connected to the two electrodes of the power supply respectively.
  • the power supply is a DC power supply.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052 are electrically connected to the anode and cathode of the DC power supply, respectively.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a positive potential
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a negative potential.
  • the DC power supply may specifically be a DC high-voltage power supply.
  • a tail gas ionization and dedusting electric field is formed between the above-mentioned tail gas dedusting electric field anode 4051 and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 4052, and the tail gas deionization and dust removal electric field is an electrostatic field.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field in this embodiment is a hollow regular hexagonal tube
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is rod-shaped
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is installed in the anode 4051 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the anode 4051 of the dedusting electric field has a length of 3 cm
  • the cathode 4052 of the exhaust dedusting electric field has a length of 2 cm.
  • the anode 4051 of the exhaust dedusting electric field includes an exhaust gas channel.
  • the exhaust gas channel includes an inlet end and an outlet end.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device in this embodiment includes an electric field stage composed of a plurality of the above electric field generating units, and there are a plurality of the electric field stages, so as to effectively improve the dust collection efficiency of the electric field device by using a plurality of dust collection units.
  • each dust collector has the same polarity and each discharge has the same polarity.
  • the electric field stages of the multiple electric field stages are connected in series, and the series electric field stages are connected by a connecting shell.
  • the distance between the adjacent two electric field stages is greater than 1.4 times the pole spacing.
  • the electric field levels are two levels, that is, a first-level electric field and a second-level electric field, and the first-level electric field and the second-level electric field are connected in series through a connection housing.
  • the substance to be treated may be particulate dust.
  • the above gas is exhaust gas discharged from the engine.
  • the engine engine exhaust dust removal system in this embodiment includes the exhaust gas electric field device in Embodiment 13, Embodiment 14, Embodiment 15, or Embodiment 16 described above.
  • the exhaust gas discharged by the engine must first flow through the exhaust gas electric field device to effectively remove the dust and other pollutants in the exhaust gas; subsequently, the treated gas is discharged to the atmosphere to reduce the engine exhaust gas The impact of the atmosphere.
  • the electric field device is applied to the engine exhaust dust removal system.
  • the cathode 5081 and the anode 5082 of the dust removal electric field are electrically connected to the cathode and anode of the DC power supply, respectively, and the auxiliary electrode 5083 is electrically connected to the anode of the DC power supply.
  • the cathode 5081 of the dust removal electric field has a negative potential
  • the anode 5082 and the auxiliary electrode 5083 of the dust removal electric field have positive potentials.
  • the auxiliary electrode 5083 is fixed to the anode 5082 of the dust removal electric field. After the anode 5082 of the dust removal electric field is electrically connected to the anode of the DC power supply, the auxiliary electrode 5083 is also electrically connected to the anode of the DC power supply, and the auxiliary electrode 5083 and the anode of the dust removal electric field 5082 have the same positive potential.
  • the auxiliary electrode 5083 may extend in the front-rear direction, that is, the length direction of the auxiliary electrode 5083 may be the same as the length direction of the anode 5082 of the dust removal electric field.
  • the anode 5082 of the dust removal electric field has a tubular shape
  • the cathode 5081 of the dust removal electric field has a rod shape
  • the cathode 5081 of the dust removal electric field passes through the anode 5082 of the dust removal electric field.
  • the auxiliary electrode 5083 is also in the shape of a tube, and the auxiliary electrode 5083 and the anode 5082 of the dust removal electric field form an anode tube 5084.
  • the front end of the anode tube 5084 is flush with the cathode 5081 of the dedusting electric field, and the rear end of the anode tube 5084 exceeds the rear end of the cathode 5081 of the dedusting electric field.
  • the electrode 5083 that is, in this embodiment, the lengths of the dust-removing electric field anode 5082 and the dust-removing electric field cathode 5081 are the same, and the dust-removing electric field anode 5082 and the dust-removing electric field cathode 5081 are opposed to each other in the front-back direction; the auxiliary electrode 5083 is located behind the dust-removing electric field anode 5082 and the dust-removing electric field cathode 5081.
  • an auxiliary electric field is formed between the auxiliary electrode 5083 and the dedusting electric field cathode 5081.
  • the auxiliary electric field exerts a backward force on the negatively charged oxygen ion flow between the dedusting electric field anode 5082 and the dedusting electric field cathode 5081, so that the dedusting electric field anode 5082 and The flow of negatively charged oxygen ions between the cathode 5081 of the dust removal electric field has a backward moving speed.
  • the negatively charged oxygen ions will be combined with the material to be treated in the process of moving towards the anode 5082 of the dust removal electric field and backward, because the oxygen ions have a backward movement Speed, when oxygen ions are combined with the material to be processed, there will be no strong collision between the two, thereby avoiding greater energy consumption due to the stronger collision, making oxygen ions easily combined with the material to be processed, and
  • the charge efficiency of the material to be processed in the gas is higher, and then under the action of the anode 5082 and anode tube 5084 of the dust removal electric field, more material to be processed can be collected to ensure higher dust removal efficiency of the electric field device.
  • the dedusting electric field anode 5082, the auxiliary electrode 5083, and the dedusting electric field cathode 5081 constitute a dedusting unit, and there are a plurality of dedusting units to effectively improve the dedusting efficiency of the electric field device by using multiple dedusting units.
  • the substance to be treated may be particulate dust or other impurities to be treated.
  • the above gas may be the gas to be entered into the engine, or the gas discharged from the engine.
  • the DC power supply may specifically be a DC high-voltage power supply.
  • a tail gas ionization and dust removal electric field is formed between the above-mentioned dust removal electric field cathode 5081 and a dust removal electric field anode 5082.
  • the tail gas ionization and dust removal electric field is an electrostatic field.
  • the ion flow in the electric field between the dedusting electric field cathode 5081 and the dedusting electric field anode 5082 is perpendicular to the electrode direction, and flows back and forth between the two electrodes, causing ions to flow back and forth between the electrodes.
  • the auxiliary electrode 5083 is used to shift the relative positions of the electrodes to form a relative imbalance between the dedusting electric field anode 5082 and the dedusting electric field cathode 5081. This imbalance causes the ion flow in the electric field to be deflected.
  • the electric field device uses the auxiliary electrode 5083 to form an electric field that can direct ion current.
  • the above-mentioned electric field device is also referred to as an acceleration direction electric field device.
  • the collection rate of the electric field device for the particulate matter entering the electric field in the direction of ion flow is nearly double that of the particulate matter entering the electric field in the direction of reverse ion flow, thereby improving the dust collection efficiency of the electric field and reducing the electric power consumption of the electric field.
  • the main reason for the low dust removal efficiency of the dust collection electric field in the prior art is that the direction of the dust entering the electric field is opposite to or perpendicular to the direction of the ion flow in the electric field, which causes the dust and ion flow to collide violently with each other and produce greater energy consumption. It also affects the charging efficiency, thereby reducing the electric field dust collection efficiency and increasing energy consumption in the prior art.
  • the electric field device when the electric field device is used to collect the dust in the gas, the gas and dust enter the electric field in the ion flow direction, the dust is fully charged, and the electric field consumption is small; the unipolar electric field dust collection efficiency will reach 99.99%.
  • the gas and dust enter the electric field in the direction of ion flow the dust is not fully charged, the electric power consumption of the electric field will also increase, and the dust collection efficiency will be 40% -75%.
  • the ion flow formed by the electric field device in this embodiment is beneficial to fluid transmission, oxygenation, heat exchange, etc. of the unpowered fan.
  • the electric field device is applied to the engine exhaust dust removal system.
  • the cathode and anode of the dust removal electric field are electrically connected to the cathode and anode of the DC power supply, respectively, and the auxiliary electrode is electrically connected to the cathode of the DC power supply.
  • both the auxiliary electrode and the cathode of the dust removal electric field have a negative potential, and the anode of the dust removal electric field has a positive potential.
  • the auxiliary electrode can be fixedly connected to the cathode of the dust removal electric field. In this way, after the cathode of the dust removal electric field is electrically connected to the cathode of the DC power supply, the auxiliary electrode is also electrically connected to the cathode of the DC power supply. Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the auxiliary electrode extends in the front-rear direction.
  • the anode of the dust removal electric field is tubular
  • the cathode of the dust removal electric field is rod-shaped
  • the cathode of the dust removal electric field passes through the anode of the dust removal electric field.
  • the above-mentioned auxiliary electrode is also rod-shaped, and the auxiliary electrode and the dust-removing electric field cathode constitute a cathode rod.
  • the front end of the cathode rod extends forward beyond the front end of the anode of the dust removal electric field, and the portion of the cathode rod that extends forward compared with the anode of the dust removal electric field is the auxiliary electrode.
  • the lengths of the anode of the dust-removing electric field and the cathode of the dust-removing electric field are the same, and the anode of the dust-removing electric field and the cathode of the dust-removing electric field are opposed in the front-back direction; the auxiliary electrode is located in front of the anode of the dust-removing electric field and the cathode of the dust-removing electric field.
  • an auxiliary electric field is formed between the auxiliary electrode and the anode of the dust-removing electric field, and the auxiliary electric field exerts a backward force on the negatively charged oxygen ion flow between the anode of the dust-removing electric field and the cathode of the dust-removing electric field, so that The negatively charged oxygen ion flow has a backward moving speed.
  • the negatively charged oxygen ions will combine with the material to be treated in the process of moving toward the anode of the dust-removing electric field and backward, because the oxygen ion has a backward Moving speed, when the oxygen ions are combined with the material to be processed, there will not be a strong collision between the two, so as to avoid greater energy consumption due to the stronger collision, making the oxygen ions easy to combine with the material to be processed, And the charge efficiency of the material to be treated in the gas is higher, and then under the action of the anode of the dust removal electric field, more material to be treated can be collected to ensure a higher dust removal efficiency of the electric field device.
  • the anode of the dedusting electric field, the auxiliary electrode, and the cathode of the dedusting electric field constitute a dedusting unit, and there are a plurality of dedusting units, so as to effectively improve the dedusting efficiency of the electric field device by using multiple dedusting units.
  • the substance to be treated may be particulate dust or other impurities to be treated.
  • the electric field device in this embodiment is applied to the engine exhaust dust removal system, and the auxiliary electrode 5083 extends in the left-right direction.
  • the longitudinal direction of the auxiliary electrode 5083 is different from the longitudinal direction of the dedusting electric field anode 5082 and the dedusting electric field cathode 5081.
  • the auxiliary electrode 5083 may be perpendicular to the anode 5082 of the dust removal electric field.
  • the dedusting electric field cathode 5081 and the dedusting electric field anode 5082 are electrically connected to the cathode and anode of the DC power supply, respectively, and the auxiliary electrode 5083 is electrically connected to the anode of the DC power supply.
  • the cathode 5081 of the dust removal electric field has a negative potential
  • the anode 5082 and the auxiliary electrode 5083 of the dust removal electric field have positive potentials.
  • the dust-removing electric field cathode 5081 and the dust-removing electric field anode 5082 are opposed in the front-rear direction, and the auxiliary electrode 5083 is located behind the dust-removing electric field anode 5082 and the dust-removing electric field cathode 5081. In this way, an auxiliary electric field is formed between the auxiliary electrode 5083 and the dedusting electric field cathode 5081.
  • the auxiliary electric field exerts a backward force on the negatively charged oxygen ion flow between the dedusting electric field anode 5082 and the dedusting electric field cathode 5081, so that the dedusting electric field anode 5082 and The flow of negatively charged oxygen ions between the cathode 5081 of the dust removal electric field has a backward moving speed.
  • the negatively charged oxygen ions will be in phase with the substance to be processed in the process of moving toward the anode 5082 of the dedusting electric field and backward Combination, because the oxygen ions have a backward moving speed, when the oxygen ions are combined with the material to be processed, there will not be a strong collision between the two, thereby avoiding greater energy consumption due to the stronger collision, making the oxygen
  • the ions are easy to combine with the material to be processed, and make the charge efficiency of the material to be processed in the gas higher, and then under the action of the anode 5082 of the dust removal electric field, more material to be processed can be collected to ensure the dust removal of the electric field device higher efficiency.
  • the electric field device in this embodiment is applied to the engine exhaust dust removal system, and the auxiliary electrode 5083 extends in the left-right direction.
  • the longitudinal direction of the auxiliary electrode 5083 is different from the longitudinal direction of the dedusting electric field anode 5082 and the dedusting electric field cathode 5081.
  • the auxiliary electrode 5083 may be perpendicular to the cathode 5081 of the dust removal electric field.
  • the dedusting electric field cathode 5081 and the dedusting electric field anode 5082 are electrically connected to the cathode and anode of the DC power supply, respectively, and the auxiliary electrode 5083 is electrically connected to the cathode of the DC power supply.
  • the cathode 5081 of the dust removal electric field and the auxiliary electrode 5083 have a negative potential
  • the anode 5082 of the dust removal electric field has a positive potential.
  • the dust-removing electric field cathode 5081 and the dust-removing electric field anode 5082 are opposed to each other in the front-rear direction, and the auxiliary electrode 5083 is located in front of the dust-removing electric field anode 5082 and the dust-removing electric field cathode 5081. In this way, an auxiliary electric field is formed between the auxiliary electrode 5083 and the dedusting electric field anode 5082.
  • the auxiliary electric field exerts a backward force on the negatively charged oxygen ion flow between the dedusting electric field anode 5082 and the dedusting electric field cathode 5081, so that the dedusting electric field anode 5082 and The flow of negatively charged oxygen ions between the cathode 5081 of the dust removal electric field has a backward moving speed.
  • the negatively charged oxygen ions will be in phase with the substance to be processed in the process of moving toward the anode 5082 of the dedusting electric field and backward Combination, because the oxygen ions have a backward moving speed, when the oxygen ions are combined with the material to be processed, there will not be a strong collision between the two, thereby avoiding greater energy consumption due to the stronger collision, making the oxygen
  • the ions are easy to combine with the material to be processed, and make the charge efficiency of the material to be processed in the gas higher, and then under the action of the anode 5082 of the dust removal electric field, more material to be processed can be collected to ensure the dust removal of the electric field device higher efficiency.
  • the engine engine exhaust dust removal system in this embodiment includes the electric field device in the above-mentioned embodiment 18, 19, 20, or 21.
  • the exhaust gas discharged by the engine must first flow through the electric field device to effectively remove the dust and other pollutants in the gas; then, the treated gas is then discharged to the atmosphere to reduce the engine exhaust gas to the atmosphere Impact.
  • the engine exhaust device is also referred to as an exhaust gas treatment device
  • the dedusting electric field cathode 5081 is also referred to as an exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode
  • the dedusting electric field anode 5082 is also referred to as an exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode.
  • This embodiment provides an exhaust gas electric field device, which includes an exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode and an exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode.
  • the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field are respectively electrically connected to the two electrodes of the DC power supply.
  • the exhaust gas ionizing dedusting electric field is provided between the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device also includes an oxygen supplement device.
  • the oxygen supplementing device is used to add a gas including oxygen to the exhaust gas before the exhaust gas ionization and dust removal electric field.
  • the oxygen supplement device can add oxygen by simply adding oxygen, passing in outside air, passing in compressed air, and / or passing in ozone.
  • the tail gas electric field device uses an oxygen supplement device to add oxygen to the tail gas to increase the oxygen content of the gas, so that when the tail gas flows through the tail gas ionization dust removal field, more dust in the gas is charged, and then the tail gas is removed. Under the action of the anode of the electric field, more charged dust is collected, which makes the dust removal efficiency of the exhaust gas electric field device higher.
  • the amount of oxygen supplementation is determined at least according to the content of exhaust gas particles.
  • the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field are electrically connected to the cathode and anode of the DC power supply, respectively, so that the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a positive potential and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field has a negative potential.
  • the DC power supply in this embodiment may specifically be a high-voltage DC power supply.
  • the electric field formed between the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field in this embodiment may be specifically referred to as an electrostatic field.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device in this embodiment is suitable for a low-oxygen environment, and the exhaust gas electric field device is also referred to as an electric field device suitable for a low-oxygen environment.
  • the oxygen supplement device includes a fan, which uses the fan to supplement the outside air and oxygen into the exhaust gas, so that the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gas entering the electric field can be increased, thereby increasing the probability of charging the particulate matter such as dust in the exhaust gas, and thereby increasing The collection efficiency of the electric field and the exhaust gas electric field device to the dust and other substances in the exhaust gas with low oxygen concentration.
  • the air supplied by the fan to the exhaust gas can also be used as cooling air to cool the exhaust gas.
  • the fan passes air into the exhaust gas, and plays a role in cooling the exhaust gas before the entrance of the exhaust gas electric field device. The air passing in may be 50% to 300%, or 100% to 180%, or 120% to 150% of the exhaust gas.
  • the tail gas ionization and dust removal electric field and the tail gas electric field device can be specifically used to collect dust and other particulate matter in the exhaust gas of the fuel engine or the exhaust gas of the combustion furnace, that is, the gas can specifically be exhaust gas of the fuel engine or the exhaust gas of the combustion furnace.
  • an oxygen supplement device is used to add fresh air to the exhaust gas or simply increase oxygen to increase the oxygen content of the exhaust gas, which can improve the efficiency of the exhaust gas ionization and dedusting electric field to collect particulate matter and aerosol substances in the exhaust gas.
  • it can also play a role in cooling the exhaust gas, which is more conducive to the collection of particulate matter in the exhaust gas by the electric field.
  • the compressed oxygen or ozone can be added to the exhaust gas through the oxygen supplement device to realize the oxygenation of the exhaust gas; at the same time, the combustion conditions of the front-stage engine or boiler and other equipment are adjusted to stabilize the oxygen content of the generated exhaust gas, thereby satisfying Electric field charging and dust collection needs.
  • the oxygen supplementing device in this embodiment may specifically include a positive pressure fan and a pipeline.
  • the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field constitute an electric field component, and the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field is also called a corona electrode.
  • the high-voltage DC power supply and the power cord constitute a power component.
  • This embodiment uses an oxygen supplement device to supplement the oxygen in the air to the tail gas to charge the dust, so as to avoid fluctuations in the efficiency of the electric field caused by the fluctuating oxygen content in the tail gas. At the same time, oxygen supplementation will also increase the ozone content of the electric field, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of the electric field in the purification, self-cleaning and denitration of organic matter in the exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device in this embodiment is also referred to as a dust collector.
  • a dust removal channel is provided between the cathode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the anode of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, and the exhaust gas ionization dedusting electric field is formed in the dust removal channel.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device further includes an impeller duct 3091 communicating with the dust removal channel 3091, an exhaust gas duct 3092 communicating with the impeller duct 3091, and an oxygen-enhancing duct 3093 communicating with the impeller duct 3091.
  • An impeller 3094 is installed in the impeller duct 3091, and the impeller 3094 constitutes the fan, that is, the oxygen supplement device includes the impeller 3094.
  • the aeration channel 3093 is located at the periphery of the exhaust gas channel 3092.
  • the aeration channel 3093 is also called an external channel.
  • An air inlet 30931 is provided at one end of the oxygen-enhancing duct 3093, and an exhaust gas inlet 30921 is provided at one end of the exhaust gas channel 3092, and the exhaust gas inlet 30921 is in communication with the exhaust port of a fuel engine or a combustion furnace.
  • the exhaust gas discharged by the engine or combustion furnace will enter the impeller duct 3091 through the exhaust gas inlet 30921 and the exhaust gas channel 3092, and push the impeller 3094 in the impeller duct 3091 to rotate, and at the same time play a role in cooling the exhaust gas, and the impeller 3094 rotate
  • the outside air is sucked into the oxygen-increasing duct 3093 and the impeller duct 3091 from the air inlet 30931, so that the air is mixed into the exhaust gas to achieve the purpose of reducing the temperature of the exhaust gas by oxygen; the exhaust gas supplemented with oxygen flows through the impeller duct 3091 Dust removal channel, and then use the electric field to remove oxygen-enriched exhaust gas, and make the dust removal efficiency higher.
  • the impeller duct 3091 and the impeller 3094 constitute a turbofan.
  • this embodiment provides an electrocoagulation device, including:
  • the first electrode 301 can conduct electrons to water mist; when the electrons are conducted to water mist, the water mist is charged;
  • the second electrode 302 can apply attractive force to the charged water mist.
  • the electrocoagulation device in this embodiment further includes an electrocoagulation housing 303 having an electrocoagulation inlet 3031 and an electrocoagulation outlet 3032, and the first electrode 301 and the second electrode 302 are both installed in the electrocoagulation housing 303.
  • the first electrode 301 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the electrocoagulation case 303 through the electrocoagulation insulator 304, and the second electrode 302 is directly fixed to the electrocoagulation case 303.
  • the electrocoagulation insulator 304 has a column shape, which is also called an insulation column.
  • the electrocoagulation insulating member 304 may also have a tower shape or the like.
  • the electrocoagulation insulator 304 is mainly anti-pollution and anti-leakage.
  • both the first electrode 301 and the second electrode 302 are mesh-shaped, and both are between the electrocoagulation inlet 3031 and the electrocoagulation outlet 3032.
  • the first electrode 301 has a negative potential
  • the second electrode 302 has a positive potential.
  • the electrocoagulation housing 303 and the second electrode 302 have the same electric potential, and the electrocoagulation housing 303 also has an adsorption effect on the charged substances.
  • an electrocoagulation flow channel 3036 is provided in the electrocoagulation housing, the first electrode 301 and the second electrode 302 are both installed in the electrocoagulation flow channel 3036, and the cross-sectional area of the first electrode 301 and the electrocoagulation flow channel 3036
  • the cross-sectional area ratio is 99% -10%, or 90-10%, or 80-20%, or 70-30%, or 60-40%, or 50%.
  • the working principle of the electrocoagulation device in this embodiment is as follows: the exhaust gas flows into the electrocoagulation shell 303 from the electrocoagulation inlet 3031 and flows out through the electrocoagulation outlet 3032; in this process, the exhaust gas will flow through the first Electrode 301, when the water mist in the exhaust gas contacts the first electrode 301, or when the distance from the first electrode 301 reaches a certain value, the first electrode 301 transmits electrons to the water mist, the water mist is charged, and the second electrode 302 is charged The water mist exerts an attractive force, and the water mist moves toward the second electrode 302 and attaches to the second electrode 302; because the water mist has the characteristics of easy to carry and easy to lose electricity, a charged mist droplet is moving to the second electrode 302 In the process, it will lose power again.
  • the second electrode 302 can continue to apply adsorption to the droplets. Force, and make the droplets adhere to the second electrode 302, so as to achieve the removal of water mist.
  • the first electrode 301 and the second electrode 302 constitute an adsorption unit.
  • the first electrode 301 is provided with three front connecting parts 3011, and the three front connecting parts 3011 pass three electrocoagulation insulators 304 and three on the inner wall of the electrocoagulation case 303, respectively.
  • the connecting parts are fixedly connected.
  • This connection form can effectively enhance the connection strength between the first electrode 301 and the electrocoagulation case 303.
  • the front connecting portion 3011 has a cylindrical shape. In other embodiments, the front connecting portion 3011 may also have a tower shape.
  • the electrocoagulation insulator 304 is cylindrical, and in other embodiments, the electrocoagulation insulator 304 may also be tower-shaped.
  • the rear connection portion is cylindrical, and in other embodiments, the electrocoagulation insulator 304 may also be tower-shaped.
  • the electrocoagulation housing 303 in this embodiment includes a first housing portion 3033, a second housing portion 3034, and a third housing portion that are sequentially distributed from the electrocoagulation inlet 3031 to the electrocoagulation outlet 3032 3035.
  • the electrocoagulation inlet 3031 is located at one end of the first housing portion 3033, and the electrocoagulation outlet 3032 is located at one end of the third housing portion 3035.
  • the outline size of the first housing portion 3033 gradually increases from the direction of the electrocoagulation inlet 3031 to the electrocoagulation outlet 3032, and the outline size of the third housing portion 3035 gradually decreases from the direction of the electrocoagulation inlet 3031 to the electrocoagulation outlet 3032.
  • the cross section of the second housing portion 3034 is rectangular.
  • the electro-coagulation housing 303 adopts the above structural design, so that the exhaust gas reaches a certain inlet flow rate at the electro-coagulation inlet 3031, and more mainly can make the air flow distribution more uniform, thereby making the medium in the exhaust gas, such as mist droplets, easier to The first electrode 301 is charged by the excitation.
  • the coagulation shell 303 is more convenient to encapsulate, reduces the amount of materials, and saves space. It can be connected by pipes, and it is also considered for insulation. Any electrocoagulation casing 303 that can achieve the above-mentioned effects is acceptable.
  • the electrocoagulation inlet 3031 and the electrocoagulation outlet 3032 are both circular.
  • the electrocoagulation inlet 3031 may also be called an air inlet, and the electrocoagulation outlet 3032 may also be called an air inlet.
  • the diameter of the electrocoagulation inlet 3031 is 300 mm to 1000 mm, specifically 500 mm. Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the diameter of the electrocoagulation inlet 3031 is 300 mm to 1000 mm, specifically 500 mm.
  • this embodiment provides an electrocoagulation device, including:
  • the first electrode 301 can conduct electrons to water mist; when the electrons are conducted to water mist, the water mist is charged;
  • the second electrode 302 can apply attractive force to the charged water mist.
  • the electrocoagulation device in this embodiment further includes an electrocoagulation housing 303 having an electrocoagulation inlet 3031 and an electrocoagulation outlet 3032, and the first electrode 301 and the second electrode 302 are both installed in the electrocoagulation housing 303.
  • the first electrode 301 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the electrocoagulation case 303 through the electrocoagulation insulator 304, and the second electrode 302 is directly fixed to the electrocoagulation case 303.
  • the electrocoagulation insulator 304 has a column shape, which is also called an insulation column.
  • the first electrode 301 has a negative potential
  • the second electrode 302 has a positive potential.
  • the electrocoagulation housing 303 and the second electrode 302 have the same electric potential, and the electrocoagulation housing 303 also has an adsorption effect on the charged substances.
  • the working principle of the electrocoagulation device in this embodiment is as follows: the exhaust gas flows into the electrocoagulation housing 303 from the electrocoagulation inlet 3031 and flows out through the electrocoagulation outlet 3032; in this process, the exhaust gas will flow through it first A first electrode 301, when the water mist in the exhaust gas contacts the first electrode 301, or when the distance from the first electrode 301 reaches a certain value, the first electrode 301 transmits electrons to the water mist, and part of the water mist is charged.
  • the second electrode 302 applies attractive force to the charged water mist, and the water mist moves toward the second electrode 302 and attaches to the second electrode 302; another part of the water mist is not adsorbed on the second electrode 302, and the part of the water mist continues Flowing toward the electrocoagulation outlet 3032, when this part of the water mist contacts another first electrode 301, or when the distance from the other first electrode 301 reaches a certain value, the part of the water mist will be charged, and the electrocoagulation case 303
  • the adsorption force is applied to the partially charged water mist, so that the partially charged water mist adheres to the inner wall of the electrocoagulation shell 303, thereby greatly reducing the water mist in the exhaust gas.
  • the electrocoagulation inlet 3031 and the electrocoagulation outlet 3032 are both circular.
  • the electrocoagulation inlet 3031 may also be called an air inlet, and the electrocoagulation outlet 3032 may also be called an air inlet.
  • this embodiment provides an electrocoagulation device, including:
  • the first electrode 301 can conduct electrons to water mist; when the electrons are conducted to water mist, the water mist is charged;
  • the second electrode 302 can apply attractive force to the charged water mist.
  • the first electrode 301 has a needle shape, and the first electrode 301 has a negative potential.
  • the second electrode 302 is planar, and the second electrode 302 has a positive potential.
  • the second electrode 302 is also called a collector.
  • the second electrode 302 is specifically planar, and the first electrode 301 is perpendicular to the second electrode 302. In this embodiment, a linear electric field is formed between the first electrode 301 and the second electrode 302.
  • this embodiment provides an electrocoagulation device, including:
  • the first electrode 301 can conduct electrons to water mist; when the electrons are conducted to water mist, the water mist is charged;
  • the second electrode 302 can apply attractive force to the charged water mist.
  • the first electrode 301 is linear, and the first electrode 301 has a negative potential.
  • the second electrode 302 is planar, and the second electrode 302 has a positive potential.
  • the second electrode 302 is also called a collector.
  • the second electrode 302 is specifically planar, and the first electrode 301 is parallel to the second electrode 302. In this embodiment, a linear electric field is formed between the first electrode 301 and the second electrode 302.
  • this embodiment provides an electrocoagulation device, including:
  • the first electrode 301 can conduct electrons to water mist; when the electrons are conducted to water mist, the water mist is charged;
  • the second electrode 302 can apply attractive force to the charged water mist.
  • the first electrode 301 has a mesh shape, and the first electrode 301 has a negative potential.
  • the second electrode 302 is planar, and the second electrode 302 has a positive potential.
  • the second electrode 302 is also called a collector.
  • the second electrode 302 is specifically planar, and the first electrode 301 is parallel to the second electrode 302.
  • a mesh electric field is formed between the first electrode 301 and the second electrode 302.
  • the first electrode 301 is made of a wire mesh structure, and the first electrode 301 is made of a wire mesh.
  • the area of the second electrode 302 is larger than the area of the first electrode 301.
  • this embodiment provides an electrocoagulation device, including:
  • the first electrode 301 can conduct electrons to water mist; when the electrons are conducted to water mist, the water mist is charged;
  • the second electrode 302 can apply attractive force to the charged water mist.
  • the first electrode 301 has a dot shape, and the first electrode 301 has a negative potential.
  • the second electrode 302 has a barrel shape, and the second electrode 302 has a positive potential.
  • the second electrode 302 is also called a collector.
  • the first electrode 301 is fixed by a metal wire or a metal needle.
  • the first electrode 301 is located at the geometrically symmetric center of the barrel-shaped second electrode 302. In this embodiment, a spot barrel electric field is formed between the first electrode 301 and the second electrode 302.
  • this embodiment provides an electrocoagulation device, including:
  • the first electrode 301 can conduct electrons to water mist; when the electrons are conducted to water mist, the water mist is charged;
  • the second electrode 302 can apply attractive force to the charged water mist.
  • the first electrode 301 is linear, and the first electrode 301 has a negative potential.
  • the second electrode 302 has a barrel shape, and the second electrode 302 has a positive potential.
  • the second electrode 302 is also called a collector.
  • the first electrode 301 is fixed by a metal wire or a metal needle.
  • the first electrode 301 is located on the geometric symmetry axis of the barrel-shaped second electrode 302.
  • a wire barrel electric field is formed between the first electrode 301 and the second electrode 302.
  • this embodiment provides an electrocoagulation device, including:
  • the first electrode 301 can conduct electrons to water mist; when the electrons are conducted to water mist, the water mist is charged;
  • the second electrode 302 can apply attractive force to the charged water mist.
  • the first electrode 301 has a mesh shape, and the first electrode 301 has a negative potential.
  • the second electrode 302 has a barrel shape, and the second electrode 302 has a positive potential.
  • the second electrode 302 is also called a collector.
  • the first electrode 301 is fixed by a metal wire or a metal needle.
  • the first electrode 301 is located at the geometrically symmetric center of the barrel-shaped second electrode 302. In this embodiment, a net barrel electrocoagulation electric field is formed between the first electrode 301 and the second electrode 302.
  • this embodiment provides an electrocoagulation device, including:
  • the first electrode 301 can conduct electrons to water mist; when the electrons are conducted to water mist, the water mist is charged;
  • the second electrode 302 can apply attractive force to the charged water mist.
  • the first electrode 301 is located between the two second electrodes 302.
  • the length of the first electrode 301 in the left-right direction is greater than the length of the second electrode 302 in the left-right direction.
  • the left end of the first electrode 301 is located to the left of the second electrode 302.
  • the left end of the first electrode 301 and the left end of the second electrode 302 form a power line extending diagonally.
  • an asymmetric electrocoagulation electric field is formed between the first electrode 301 and the second electrode 302.
  • water mist low specific resistance substance
  • mist droplets enters between the two second electrodes 302 from the left. After a part of the droplets are charged, the left end of the first electrode 301 moves diagonally toward the left end of the second electrode 302, thereby forming a pulling action on the droplets.
  • this embodiment provides an electrocoagulation device, including:
  • the first electrode can conduct electrons to water mist; when electrons are conducted to water mist, the water mist is charged;
  • the second electrode can exert an attractive force on the charged water mist.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode constitute an adsorption unit 3010.
  • this embodiment provides an electrocoagulation device, including:
  • the first electrode can conduct electrons to water mist; when electrons are conducted to water mist, the water mist is charged;
  • the second electrode can exert an attractive force on the charged water mist.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode constitute an adsorption unit 3010.
  • this embodiment provides an electrocoagulation device, including:
  • the first electrode can conduct electrons to water mist; when electrons are conducted to water mist, the water mist is charged;
  • the second electrode can exert an attractive force on the charged water mist.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode constitute an adsorption unit 3010.
  • this embodiment provides an electrocoagulation device, including:
  • the first electrode can conduct electrons to water mist; when electrons are conducted to water mist, the water mist is charged;
  • the second electrode can exert an attractive force on the charged water mist.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode constitute an adsorption unit 3010.
  • this embodiment provides an electrocoagulation device, including:
  • the first electrode can conduct electrons to water mist; when electrons are conducted to water mist, the water mist is charged;
  • the second electrode can exert an attractive force on the charged water mist.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode constitute an adsorption unit 3010.
  • this embodiment provides an engine exhaust dust removal system, including the above-mentioned electrocoagulation device 30100 and a Venturi plate 3051.
  • the electrocoagulation device 30100 is used in combination with the Venturi plate 3051.
  • this embodiment provides an engine exhaust dust removal system, including the above-described electrocoagulation device 30100, corona device 3054, and venturi plate 3051, wherein the electrocoagulation device 30100 is located between the corona device 3054 and the venturi plate 3051.
  • this embodiment provides an engine exhaust dust removal system, including the above-described electrocoagulation device 30100, centrifugal device 3056, and Venturi plate 3051, wherein the electrocoagulation device 30100 is located between the centrifugal device 3056 and the Venturi plate 3051.
  • this embodiment provides an engine exhaust dust removal system, including the above-mentioned electrocoagulation device 30100, corona device 3054, Venturi plate 3051, and molecular sieve 3057, and the Venturi plate 3051 and the electrocoagulation device 30100 are located Between the halo device 3054 and the molecular sieve 3057.
  • this embodiment provides an engine exhaust dust removal system, including the above-described electrocoagulation device 30100, corona device 3054, and electromagnetic device 3058, wherein the electrocoagulation device 30100 is located between the corona device 3054 and the electromagnetic device 3058.
  • this embodiment provides an engine exhaust gas dust removal system, including the above-described electrocoagulation device 30100, corona device 3054, and irradiation device 3059, wherein the irradiation device 3059 is located in the corona device 3054 and the electrocoagulation device 30100 between.
  • this embodiment provides an engine exhaust gas dust removal system, including the above-mentioned electrocoagulation device 30100, corona device 3054, and wet electric dust removal device 3061, wherein the wet electric dust removal device 3061 is located in the corona device 3054 and electrocoagulation Between devices 30100.
  • this embodiment provides a tail gas electric field device, including a tail gas electric field device inlet 3085, a tail gas flow channel 3086, an electric field flow channel 3087, and a tail gas electric field device outlet 3088, which are installed in sequence Exhaust gas pre-electrode 3083, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of exhaust gas pre-electrode 3083 to the cross-sectional area of exhaust gas flow channel 3086 is 99% -10%, the exhaust gas electric field device also includes exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 3081 and exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 3082, electric field flow channel 3087 is located between the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 3081 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 3082.
  • the working principle of the tail gas electric field device of the present invention is as follows: the gas containing pollutants enters the tail gas flow channel 3086 through the tail gas electric field device inlet 3085, and the tail gas pre-electrode 3083 installed in the tail gas flow channel 3086 conducts electrons to part of the pollutants and part of the pollution
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 3082 exerts an attractive force on the charged pollutants, and the charged pollutants move toward the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 3082 until the part of the pollutants Attached to the anode 3082 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field, at the same time, the exhaust gas ionization and dedusting electric field is formed between the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 3081 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 3082 in the electric field flow channel 3087, which will charge another part of the uncharged pollutants In this way, another part of the pollutants will also be at
  • the cross-sectional area of the exhaust gas pre-electrode 3083 refers to the sum of the areas of the solid portions of the exhaust gas pre-electrode 3083 along the cross-section.
  • the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the exhaust gas pre-electrode 3083 to the cross-sectional area of the exhaust gas channel 3086 may be 99% to 10%, or 90 to 10%, or 80 to 20%, or 70 to 30%, or 60 to 40% , Or 50%.
  • the tail gas pre-electrode 3083 and the tail gas dedusting electric field cathode 3081 are both electrically connected to the cathode of the DC power supply, and the tail gas dedusting electric field anode 3082 is electrically connected to the anode of the DC power supply.
  • the exhaust gas pre-electrode 3083 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 3081 both have a negative potential, and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 3082 has a positive potential.
  • the exhaust gas pre-electrode 3083 in this embodiment may be specifically mesh-shaped.
  • the exhaust gas pre-electrode 3083 has a mesh-like structural feature, which facilitates the flow of gas and pollutants through the exhaust gas pre-electrode 3083, and makes the pollutants in the gas contact with the exhaust gas pre-electrode 3083 More fully, so that the exhaust gas front electrode 3083 can conduct electrons to more pollutants, and make the pollutant charging efficiency higher.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 3082 is tubular, the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 3081 is rod-shaped, and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 3081 is inserted in the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 3082.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 3082 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 3081 have an asymmetric structure.
  • the ionized electric field will charge the pollutants, and under the attraction force exerted by the tail gas dedusting electric field anode 3082, the charged pollutants will be collected in the tail gas dedusting electric field On the inner wall of the anode 3082.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 3082 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 3081 both extend in the front-rear direction, and the front end of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 3082 is located in front of the front end of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 3081 in the front-rear direction .
  • the rear end of the exhaust gas electric field anode 3082 is located behind the rear end of the exhaust gas electric field cathode 3081 in the front-rear direction.
  • the length of the exhaust gas electric field anode 3082 in the front-rear direction is longer, so that the area of the adsorption surface on the inner wall of the exhaust gas electric field anode 3082 is larger, so that it is more attractive to pollutants with negative potential, and Can collect more pollutants.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 3081 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 3082 constitute an ionization unit, and there are multiple ionization units to collect more pollutants by using multiple ionization units, and make the exhaust gas electric field device The collection ability of pollutants is stronger, and the collection efficiency is higher.
  • the above-mentioned pollutants include ordinary dust with weak conductivity, metal dust with strong conductivity, mist droplets, aerosol, and the like.
  • the tail gas electric field device collects ordinary dust with weak conductivity and pollutants with high conductivity as follows: when the gas flows into the tail gas channel 3086 through the inlet 3085 of the tail gas field device, the gas conducts electricity Contaminants such as strong metal dust, mist droplets, or aerosols will be directly negatively charged when they come into contact with the exhaust pre-electrode 3083 or when the distance to the exhaust pre-electrode 3083 reaches a certain range.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting field anode 3082 exerts an attractive force on negatively charged metal dust, mist droplets, or aerosols, and collects some of the pollutants.
  • the cathode 3081 of the dust removal electric field forms an ionization electric field.
  • the ionization electric field obtains oxygen ions from the oxygen in the ionized gas, and after the negatively charged oxygen ions are combined with the ordinary dust, the ordinary dust is negatively charged.
  • the anode 3082 of the exhaust dust removal electric field gives this part Negatively charged dust exerts an attractive force and collects this part of the pollutants, thus making the gas more conductive and conductive
  • the weaker pollutants are collected and make the exhaust gas electric field device can collect a wider variety of substances and have a stronger collection capacity.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 3081 is also referred to as a corona charging electrode.
  • the above DC power supply is specifically a DC high voltage power supply.
  • a direct current high voltage is passed between the exhaust front electrode 3083 and the exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 3082 to form a conductive loop; an exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 3081 and an exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 3082 are passed a direct current high voltage to form an ionization discharge corona electric field.
  • the exhaust gas pre-electrode 3083 is a densely distributed conductor.
  • the exhaust pre-electrode 3083 When the easily charged dust passes through the exhaust pre-electrode 3083, the exhaust pre-electrode 3083 directly supplies electrons to the dust, and the dust is charged, and then is adsorbed by the heteropolar exhaust gas dedusting electric field anode 3082; at the same time, the uncharged dust passes through the exhaust gas dedusting electric field cathode 3081 The ionization zone formed with the anode 3082 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field. The ionized oxygen formed in the ionization zone will charge the electrons to the dust, so that the dust continues to be charged and adsorbed by the anode 3082 of the heteropolar exhaust gas dedusting electric field.
  • the exhaust gas electric field device can form two or more power-on modes.
  • the ionization discharge corona electric field formed between the cathode 3081 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field and the anode 3082 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field can be used to ionize oxygen to charge the pollutants, and then the anode 3082 of the exhaust gas dedusting electric field can be used.
  • the anode 3082 is adsorbed.
  • the tail gas electric field device allows the electric field to collect various types of dust, and can also be applied to various oxygen-containing tail gas environments, expanding the application range of dust collection electric field treatment dust and improving the dust collection efficiency.
  • the above two charged electric fields are used to collect high-resistance dust that is easy to charge and low-resistance metal dust, aerosol, liquid mist, etc. that are easy to be charged.
  • the two power-on methods are used at the same time, and the application range of the electric field is expanded.
  • the engine exhaust dust removal system includes an exhaust gas cooling device, which is used to reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas before the entrance of the exhaust gas electric field device.
  • the exhaust gas temperature-lowering device may communicate with the inlet of the exhaust gas electric field device.
  • this embodiment provides an exhaust gas cooling device, including:
  • the heat exchange unit 3071 is used for heat exchange with the exhaust gas of the engine to heat the liquid heat exchange medium in the heat exchange unit 3071 into a gaseous heat exchange medium.
  • the heat exchange unit 3071 may include:
  • the exhaust gas passage cavity communicates with the exhaust line of the engine, and the exhaust gas passage cavity is used for passing the engine exhaust gas;
  • Medium gasification chamber which is used to convert liquid heat exchange medium and tail gas into heat exchange medium after heat exchange.
  • the medium gasification chamber has a liquid heat exchange medium, and the liquid heat exchange medium and the tail gas will be converted into a gaseous heat exchange medium after heat exchange through the tail gas in the chamber.
  • the exhaust gas collects the automobile exhaust gas through the cavity.
  • the length direction of the medium gasification chamber and the tail gas passage chamber may be the same, that is, the axis of the medium gasification chamber coincides with the axis of the tail gas passage chamber.
  • the medium gasification chamber may be located in the exhaust gas passage chamber or outside the exhaust gas passage chamber.
  • the medium gasification chamber may be completely covered or a portion other than the front end thereof may be coated on the inside and outside of the exhaust gas passage chamber.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device further includes a power generation unit 3072, which is used to convert the heat energy of the heat exchange medium and / or the heat energy of the exhaust gas into mechanical energy.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device further includes a power generation unit 3073, which is used to convert the mechanical energy generated by the power generation unit 3072 into electrical energy.
  • the working principle of the exhaust gas cooling device in this embodiment is as follows: the heat exchange unit 3071 exchanges heat with the exhaust gas of the engine to heat the liquid heat exchange medium in the heat exchange unit 3071 into a gaseous heat exchange medium; the power generation unit 3072 will The thermal energy of the heat exchange medium or the thermal energy of the exhaust gas is converted into mechanical energy; the power generation unit 3073 converts the mechanical energy generated by the power generation unit 3072 into electrical energy, thereby realizing power generation using the exhaust of the engine, and avoiding the waste of heat and pressure carried by the exhaust; and heat exchange
  • the unit 3071 can also play a role in heat dissipation and cooling of the exhaust gas during heat exchange with the exhaust gas, so that other exhaust gas purification devices can be used to treat the exhaust gas, and the efficiency of subsequent treatment of the exhaust gas can be improved.
  • the heat exchange medium may be water, methanol, ethanol, oil, or alkane.
  • the heat exchange medium is a substance that can change phase due to temperature, and its volume and pressure also change accordingly during the phase change process.
  • the heat exchange unit 3071 is also called a heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchange unit 3071 may use a tube heat exchange device.
  • the design considerations of the heat exchange unit 3071 include bearing pressure, reducing volume, and increasing heat exchange area.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device in this embodiment may further include a medium transmission unit 3074 connected between the heat exchange unit 3071 and the power generation unit 3072.
  • a gaseous medium such as steam formed in the medium gasification chamber acts on the power generation unit 3072 through the medium transmission unit 3074.
  • the medium transmission unit 3074 includes a pressure-bearing pipeline.
  • the power generating unit 3072 includes a turbofan.
  • the turbofan can convert the pressure generated by gaseous medium such as steam or tail gas into kinetic energy.
  • the turbofan includes a turbofan shaft and at least one set of turbofan components fixed on the turbofan shaft.
  • the turbofan assembly includes a deflector fan and a power fan. When the pressure of the steam acts on the turbofan assembly, the turbofan shaft will rotate with the turbofan assembly, thereby converting the pressure of the steam into kinetic energy.
  • the power generating unit 3072 includes a turbofan, the pressure of the engine exhaust gas may also act on the turbofan to drive the turbofan to rotate. In this way, the pressure of the steam and the pressure generated by the exhaust gas can alternately and seamlessly switch on the turbofan.
  • the power generating unit 3073 converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy to realize waste heat power generation; when the generated electrical energy in turn drives the turbofan to rotate, and the turbofan rotates in the second direction, the power generating unit 3073 converts the electrical energy For exhaust resistance, it provides exhaust resistance for the engine.
  • the exhaust brake device installed on the engine works to generate high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas from the engine brake, the turbofan converts this braking energy into electrical energy to achieve engine exhaust. Air brake and brake power generation.
  • constant exhaust negative pressure can be generated by high-speed turbofan pumping, which reduces the exhaust resistance of the engine and realizes engine assist.
  • the power generation unit 3072 when the power generation unit 3072 includes a turbofan, the power generation unit 3072 also includes a turbofan adjustment module, which uses the peak value of the engine exhaust pressure to push the turbofan to generate a moment of inertia, and further delay the generation of negative exhaust gas pressure to push the engine Inhale, reduce engine exhaust resistance, and increase engine power.
  • a turbofan adjustment module which uses the peak value of the engine exhaust pressure to push the turbofan to generate a moment of inertia, and further delay the generation of negative exhaust gas pressure to push the engine Inhale, reduce engine exhaust resistance, and increase engine power.
  • the exhaust gas temperature reduction device in this embodiment may be applied to a fuel engine, such as a diesel engine or a gasoline engine.
  • the exhaust gas temperature reduction device in this embodiment can also be applied to a gas engine.
  • the exhaust gas temperature reduction device is used for a diesel engine of a vehicle, that is, the exhaust gas is communicated with an exhaust port of the diesel engine through a cavity.
  • the power generating unit 3073 includes a generator stator and a generator rotor, and the generator rotor is connected to the turbofan shaft of the power generating unit 3072. In this way, the generator rotor will rotate with the rotation of the turbofan shaft, thereby working with the generator stator to achieve power generation.
  • the power generating unit 3073 may use a variable load generator, or use a DC generator to convert torque into electrical energy.
  • the power generation unit 3073 can adjust the excitation winding current to adjust the amount of power generation to match the change of exhaust heat; to adapt to the changes in exhaust temperature of vehicles such as uphill, downhill, heavy load, and light load.
  • the power generating unit 3073 may further include a battery assembly, so as to use the battery assembly to store electrical energy, that is, to temporarily buffer the generated electricity.
  • the electricity stored in the battery assembly in this embodiment can be used by heat exchanger power fans, water pumps, refrigeration compressors, and other electrical appliances in vehicles.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device in this embodiment may further include a coupling unit 3075, which is electrically connected between the power generation unit 3072 and the power generation unit 3073, and the power generation unit 3073 passes through the coupling unit 3075 and power generation Unit 3072 is coaxially coupled.
  • the coupling unit 3075 includes an electromagnetic coupler.
  • the power generation unit 3073 may further include a generator control component, which is used to adjust the electric torque of the generator, generate exhaust negative pressure to change the engine's forced braking force, and generate exhaust back pressure to increase Waste heat conversion efficiency.
  • the generator control component can change the power generation output by adjusting the power generation excitation or power generation current, thereby adjusting the automobile exhaust emission resistance, achieving engine work, exhaust back pressure, and exhaust negative pressure balance, and improving the efficiency of the generator.
  • the exhaust gas temperature-lowering device may further include a heat insulation pipe, which is connected between the exhaust pipe of the engine and the heat exchange unit 3071.
  • a heat insulation pipe which is connected between the exhaust pipe of the engine and the heat exchange unit 3071.
  • both ends of the heat preservation pipeline are respectively connected with the exhaust port of the engine system and the exhaust gas passage cavity, so as to use the heat preservation pipeline to maintain the high temperature of the exhaust gas, and introduce the exhaust gas into the exhaust gas passage cavity.
  • the tail gas cooling device may further include a fan, which blows air into the tail gas, and plays a role in cooling the tail gas before the entrance of the tail gas electric field device.
  • the air passing in may be 50% to 300%, or 100% to 180%, or 120% to 150% of the exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust gas temperature-lowering device in this embodiment can assist the engine system to realize the recovery and reuse of the exhaust heat of the engine exhaust, which helps to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by the engine, and also helps to reduce the emission of harmful gases from the fuel engine, reducing the emission of pollutants and fuel Engine emissions are more environmentally friendly.
  • the intake air of the exhaust gas cooling device can be used to purify the air.
  • the exhaust gas dedusting system of the engine of the present invention treats the exhaust gas, the particle content is less than that of air.
  • the heat exchange unit 3071 may further include a medium circulation circuit 3076; both ends of the medium circulation circuit 3076 are respectively connected to the front and rear ends of the medium gasification chamber It forms a closed gas-liquid circulation circuit; a condenser 30767 is installed on the medium circulation circuit 3076.
  • the condenser 30767 is used to condense the gaseous heat exchange medium into the liquid heat exchange medium.
  • the medium circulation circuit 3076 communicates with the medium gasification chamber through the power generation unit 3072.
  • one end of the medium circulation circuit 3076 is used to collect gaseous heat exchange media such as steam and condense the steam into a liquid heat exchange medium, that is, liquid, and the other end is used to inject the liquid heat exchange medium into the medium gasification chamber In order to regenerate steam, so as to achieve the recycling of heat exchange medium.
  • the medium circulation circuit 3076 includes a steam circuit 30762 that communicates with the rear end of the medium gasification chamber.
  • the above-mentioned condenser 30767 is also in communication with the power generation unit 3072 through the medium transmission unit 3074.
  • the gas-liquid circulation circuit and the exhaust gas passage chamber are not connected.
  • the condenser 30767 may use an air-cooled radiator or other heat dissipation equipment, and specifically, a pressure-bearing air-cooled radiator may be used.
  • a pressure-bearing air-cooled radiator may be used.
  • the condenser 30767 forcibly dissipates heat by natural wind.
  • an electric fan can be used to dissipate heat to the condenser 30767.
  • the gaseous medium such as steam formed in the medium gasification chamber will release pressure after acting on the power generation unit 3072 and flow into the medium circulation circuit 3076 and the air-cooled radiator. The temperature of the steam decreases as the radiator dissipates heat And continue to condense into a liquid.
  • one end of the medium circulation circuit 3076 in this embodiment may be provided with a pressurization module 30963, which is used to pressurize the condensed heat exchange medium to promote the condensed heat exchange medium Flow into the medium gasification chamber.
  • the booster module 3063 includes a circulating water pump or a high-pressure pump.
  • the liquid heat exchange medium is boosted by the impeller of the circulating water pump, and is extruded through the water supply pipeline and enters the medium gasification chamber to remove the medium gas. Heating and vaporization continue in the cavity.
  • the turbofan rotates, it can replace the circulating water pump or the high-pressure pump. At this time, the liquid is pushed by the residual pressure of the turbofan through the water replenishment pipe and is squeezed into the medium gasification chamber, and is continuously heated and vaporized.
  • the medium circulation circuit 3076 may further include a liquid storage module 30764 disposed between the condenser 30761 and the pressurization module 30763.
  • the liquid storage module 30764 is used to store the liquid state after being condensed by the condenser 30761. Heat exchange medium.
  • the pressurization module 3063 is located on a delivery line between the liquid storage module 30764 and the medium gasification chamber. The liquid in the liquid storage module 30764 is pressurized by the pressurization module 3063 and injected into the medium gasification chamber.
  • the medium circulation circuit 3076 further includes a liquid regulating module 30765.
  • the liquid regulating module 30765 is disposed between the liquid storage module 30764 and the medium vaporization chamber, and specifically disposed between the liquid storage module 30764 and the medium vaporization chamber. On another delivery line.
  • the liquid adjustment module 30765 is used to adjust the amount of liquid returning to the medium gasification chamber.
  • the liquid adjustment module 30765 injects the liquid in the liquid storage module 30764 into the medium gasification chamber.
  • the medium circulation circuit 3076 further includes a filling module 30766 disposed between the liquid storage module 30764 and the medium vaporization chamber.
  • the filling module 30766 is specifically communicated with the above-mentioned pressurization module 3063 and the liquid regulating module 30765.
  • the filling module 30766 may include a nozzle 307661.
  • the nozzle 307661 is located at one end of the medium circulation circuit 3076, and the nozzle 307661 is disposed in the front end of the medium vaporization chamber to inject liquid into the medium vaporization chamber through the nozzle 307661.
  • the pressurization module 30963 pressurizes the liquid in the liquid storage module 30764, it is injected into the medium gasification chamber through the nozzle 307661 of the filling module 30766.
  • the liquid in the liquid storage module 30764 can also be injected into the filling module 30766 through the liquid adjustment module 30765, and injected into the medium gasification chamber through the nozzle 307661 of the filling module 30766.
  • the above-mentioned transportation pipeline is also called a heat medium pipeline.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device should be specifically on a 13-liter diesel engine.
  • the exhaust gas is specifically connected to the exhaust port of the diesel engine through the cavity.
  • the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged by the engine is 650 degrees Celsius, and the flow rate is about 4000 cubic meters per hour.
  • the exhaust heat is about 80 kilowatts.
  • water is specifically used as the heat exchange medium in the medium gasification chamber, and a turbofan is used as the power generating unit 3072.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device can recover 15 kilowatts of electrical energy and can be used to drive on-board electrical appliances. At the same time, coupled with the direct efficiency recycling of the circulating water pump, it can recover 40 kilowatts of exhaust heat energy.
  • the exhaust gas temperature-lowering device can not only improve fuel economy, but also reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas below the dew point, so as to facilitate the wet electric dust removal that requires a low-temperature environment.
  • the exhaust gas temperature-lowering device can be used in the field of energy saving and emission reduction of diesel, gasoline, and gas engines, and is an innovative technology for improving engine efficiency, fuel saving technology, and improving engine economy.
  • the exhaust gas temperature-lowering device can help the automobile save fuel and improve fuel economy; it can also recycle the waste heat of the engine and realize the efficient use of energy.
  • the power generating unit 3072 specifically uses a turbofan.
  • the turbofan in this embodiment includes a turbofan shaft 30721 and a medium cavity turbofan assembly 30722, the medium cavity turbofan assembly 30722 is mounted on the turbofan shaft 30721, and the medium cavity turbofan assembly 30722 is located in the medium gasification chamber 30711, Specifically, it may be located at the rear end of the medium gasification chamber 30711.
  • the medium cavity turbofan assembly 30722 includes a medium cavity guide fan 307221 and a medium cavity power fan 307222.
  • the turbofan includes an exhaust chamber turbofan assembly 30723, which is mounted on the turbofan shaft 30721, and the exhaust chamber turbofan assembly 30723 is located in the exhaust gas passage cavity 30712.
  • the exhaust chamber turbofan assembly 30723 includes an exhaust chamber guide fan 307231 and an exhaust chamber power fan 307232.
  • the tail gas passage chamber 30712 is located in the medium gasification chamber 30711, that is, the medium gasification chamber 30711 is sleeved outside the tail gas passage chamber 30712.
  • the medium gasification chamber 30711 may be completely covered or a portion other than the front end thereof may be coated on the outside of the exhaust gas passage chamber 30712.
  • the gaseous medium such as steam formed in the medium gasification chamber 30711 flows through the medium cavity turbofan assembly 30722, and the medium chamber turbofan assembly 30722 and the turbofan shaft 30721 are driven to operate under the effect of the vapor pressure.
  • the medium cavity guide fan 307221 is specifically provided at the rear end of the medium gasification chamber 30711.
  • the medium cavity power fan 307222 is arranged at the rear end of the medium vaporization chamber 30711, specifically located behind the medium cavity guide fan 307221, and flows through the medium
  • the steam of the cavity guide fan 307221 flows to the medium cavity power fan 307222, and drives the medium cavity power fan 307222 and the turbofan shaft 30721 to operate.
  • the medium cavity power fan 307222 is also called a first-stage power fan.
  • the exhaust cavity turbofan assembly 30723 is disposed behind or in front of the media cavity turbofan assembly 30722 and operates coaxially with the media cavity turbofan assembly 30722.
  • the tail gas chamber guide fan 307231 is set in the tail gas passage chamber 30712. When the tail gas flows through the tail gas passage chamber 30712, the tail gas chamber guide fan 307231 is driven to operate. Under the action of the tail gas chamber guide fan 307231, the tail gas is set according to The path flows to the exhaust fan power fan 307232.
  • the tail gas chamber power fan 307232 is disposed in the tail gas passage chamber 30712, specifically behind the tail gas chamber guide fan 307231, the tail gas flowing through the tail gas chamber guide fan 307231 flows to the tail gas chamber power fan 307232, and pushes the tail gas under the action of the tail gas pressure
  • the cavity power fan 307232 and the turbofan shaft 30721 operate, and finally the exhaust gas is discharged through the cavity 30712 through the exhaust cavity power fan 307232 and the exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust chamber power fan 307232 is also called a second-stage power fan.
  • the power generating unit 3073 in this embodiment includes a generator stator 30731 and a generator rotor 30732.
  • the power generation unit 3073 is also provided outside the exhaust gas passage chamber 30712, and is coaxially connected to the turbofan, that is, the generator rotor 30732 is connected to the turbofan shaft 30721, so that the generator rotor 30732 will follow the turbofan shaft The rotation of 30721 turns.
  • the power generating unit 3072 uses a turbofan, which enables steam and exhaust gas to move quickly, saves volume and weight, and meets the needs of automobile exhaust energy conversion.
  • the turbofan rotates in the first direction in this embodiment, the power generating unit 3073 converts the kinetic energy of the turbofan shaft 30721 into electrical energy, thereby achieving waste heat power generation; when the turbofan rotates in the second direction, the power generating unit 3073 converts the electrical energy into Exhaust resistance provides exhaust resistance for the engine.
  • the turbofan converts this braking energy into electrical energy to achieve engine exhaust Braking and braking power generation.
  • the kinetic energy generated by the turbofan can be used to generate electricity, so as to realize the power generation of automobile waste heat; the generated electrical energy in turn drives the turbofan to rotate, providing exhaust negative pressure for the engine, thereby achieving engine exhaust braking and brake power generation , Greatly improving the efficiency of the engine.
  • the exhaust gas passage cavity 30712 is all disposed in the medium gasification cavity 30711, so as to realize automobile exhaust gas collection.
  • the medium gasification chamber 30711 and the exhaust gas passage chamber 30712 are aligned in the transverse axial direction.
  • the power generating unit 3072 further includes a turbofan rotating negative pressure adjustment module.
  • the turbofan rotating negative pressure adjustment module uses the peak value of the engine exhaust pressure to push the turbofan to generate a rotational inertia, and further delay the generation of exhaust negative pressure to promote engine suction. Reduce the exhaust resistance of the engine and increase the engine power.
  • the power generating unit 3073 includes a battery assembly 30733 to use the battery assembly 30733 to store electrical energy, that is, to temporarily buffer the generated electricity.
  • the electricity stored in the battery assembly 30733 can be used by the heat exchanger power fan, water pump, refrigeration compressor, and other electrical appliances in the vehicle.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device can use the waste heat of the automobile exhaust gas to generate electricity, while taking into account the requirements of volume and weight, and the heat energy conversion efficiency is high, and the heat exchange medium can be recycled, which greatly improves the energy utilization rate, green, environmental protection, and practical sexuality.
  • the exhaust gas emitted by the engine pushes the exhaust chamber power fan 307232 to rotate to realize the direct conversion of exhaust pressure; the inertia of the exhaust chamber power fan 307232 and the turbofan shaft 30721 realizes the instantaneous negative pressure of exhaust gas exhaust; generator control
  • the component 3078 can change the power generation output by adjusting the power generation excitation or power generation current, thereby adjusting the automobile exhaust emission resistance, and adapting to the engine work condition.
  • the engine pressure passes through the exhaust chamber power fan 307232 and pushes the exhaust chamber power fan 307232 to rotate, thereby transforming the pressure into generator rotation power.
  • the resistance is changed to achieve the engine control. Slow release of dynamic and braking force.
  • the engine compressed air passes through the exhaust chamber power fan 307232, which pushes the exhaust chamber power fan 307232 to rotate forward, turns on the motor, and outputs the reverse rotation torque, which is transmitted to the medium cavity power fan 307222 and the exhaust chamber through the turbofan shaft 30721
  • a strong reverse thrust resistance is formed, which converts energy consumption into cavity heat, and at the same time increases the engine braking force and forces braking.
  • the medium transmission unit 3074 includes a reverse push channel.
  • the continuous compression brake accumulates heat through the steam to generate greater thrust, and through the reverse thrust duct, the steam is output to the medium cavity power fan 307222, forcing the medium cavity power fan 307222 and the tail gas cavity power fan 307232 Reverse to achieve simultaneous braking.
  • this embodiment is based on the foregoing embodiment 48, and its medium gasification chamber 30711 is located in the exhaust gas passage chamber 30712; and the medium chamber turbofan assembly 30722 is located in the medium gasification chamber 30711, and is specifically located in the medium At the rear end of the gasification chamber 30711; the exhaust chamber turbofan assembly 30723 is located in the exhaust gas passage chamber 30712, and specifically at the rear end of the exhaust gas passage chamber 30712.
  • the medium cavity turbofan assembly 30722 and the exhaust cavity turbofan assembly 30723 are both mounted on the turbofan shaft 30721.
  • the exhaust chamber turbofan assembly 30723 is located behind the medium chamber turbofan assembly 30722.
  • the automobile exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas passage cavity 30712 will directly act on the exhaust gas chamber turbofan assembly 30723 to drive the exhaust gas chamber turbofan assembly 30723 and the turbofan shaft 30721 to rotate; meanwhile, when the automobile exhaust gas flows through the exhaust gas passage cavity 30712, It will exchange heat with the liquid in the medium vaporization chamber 30711, and form a vapor in the liquid in the medium vaporization chamber 30711, the pressure of the vapor acts on the medium cavity turbofan assembly 30722 to drive the medium cavity turbofan assembly 30722 and the vortex
  • the fan shaft 30721 rotates to further accelerate the rotation of the turbofan shaft 30721; when the turbofan shaft 30721 rotates, it will drive the generator rotor 30732 connected to it to rotate together, and then use the power generation unit 3073 to generate electricity.
  • the vapor in the medium gasification chamber 30711 flows backward through the medium chamber turbofan assembly 30722, it will flow into the medium circulation circuit 3076, and condensed into liquid by the condenser 30761 in the medium circulation circuit 3076, and then re-inject the medium Gasification chamber 30711 to achieve the recycling of heat exchange medium.
  • the exhaust gas of the automobile passing through the cavity 30712 is discharged to the atmosphere after flowing through the turbofan assembly 30723 of the exhaust gas cavity.
  • the side wall of the medium gasification chamber 30711 is provided with a bending section 307111, which can effectively increase the contact area of the medium gasification chamber 30711 and the exhaust gas passage chamber 30712, that is, the heat exchange area.
  • the bending section 307111 has a zigzag cross section.
  • both the fuel directly drives the generator and the tail heat is efficiently converted into electrical energy, so that the fuel thermal efficiency can be increased by 15 % -20%.
  • the efficiency of converting fuel into electrical energy can reach more than 70%.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device in the above Example 48 or Example 49 is installed, the fuel engine is turned on, and the engine exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas passage cavity 30712. Under the effect of the exhaust gas back pressure, it passes through the exhaust gas cavity
  • the diversion fan 307231 adjusts the direction and directly pushes the exhaust chamber power fan 307232 to rotate, thereby generating a rotating torque on the turbofan shaft 30721. Due to the presence of the rotating inertia medium cavity power fan 307222 and the exhaust cavity power fan 307232, the exhaust will be generated and the engine exhaust will be under instantaneous negative pressure. In this way, the engine exhaust resistance is extremely low, which is conducive to the engine to continue exhaust and work . Under the same fuel supply and output load, the engine speed is increased by about 3% -5%.
  • the engine exhaust temperature will accumulate in the medium gasification chamber 30711 due to the heat conduction of the flipper.
  • the accumulation temperature is greater than the boiling point temperature of water
  • water will be injected into the medium gasification chamber 30711, the water will vaporize instantly, and the volume will expand rapidly, through the medium chamber guide fan Guiding, pushing the medium cavity power fan 307222 and turbofan shaft 30721 to further accelerate rotation, generating greater rotational inertia and torque.
  • the engine power output will increase at the same time as the speed of the back pressure recovery and temperature increase. According to the difference in exhaust temperature, increase the power output by about 13% -20%, which is very helpful for improving fuel economy and reducing engine volume.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device in Example 48 or 49 is applied to a 13-liter diesel engine.
  • the exhaust temperature of the diesel engine is 650 degrees Celsius
  • the flow rate is about 4000 cubic meters per hour
  • the exhaust gas heat is about 80 kilowatts.
  • this embodiment uses water as a heat exchange medium, and the exhaust gas cooling device can recover 20 kilowatts of electric energy, which can be used to drive on-board electrical appliances. Therefore, the exhaust gas cooling device in this embodiment can not only improve fuel economy, but also reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas to below the dew point, which is conducive to the implementation of electrostatic dust removal and wet electric dust removal in low-temperature environments; Dynamic and forced continuous braking.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device of this embodiment is directly connected to the exhaust port of a 13-liter diesel engine, and is connected to the exhaust gas electric field device and exhaust gas wet power through the outlet of the exhaust gas cooling device, that is, the outlet of the exhaust gas through the cavity 30712 Dust removal can realize tail heat power generation, tail gas cooling, engine braking, dust removal, denitration, etc.
  • the tail gas cooling device is installed in front of the tail gas electric field device.
  • this embodiment uses a 3-inch medium cavity power fan 307222 and an exhaust cavity power fan 307232, and uses a 10kw high-speed DC generator motor, the battery assembly uses a 48v300ah power battery pack, and uses a power generation electric manual switch.
  • the engine runs at idle speed, the rotation speed is less than 750 rpm, the engine output power is about 10%, and the exhaust fan drives the exhaust chamber power fan 307232 to rotate.
  • the rotation speed is about 2000 revolutions to realize the direct conversion of exhaust gas pressure; And the moment of inertia of the turbofan shaft 30721 makes the exhaust exhaust instantaneous negative pressure; due to the rotation of the exhaust chamber power fan 307232, an instantaneous negative pressure of about -80kp is generated in the exhaust pipe.
  • the emission resistance is adapted to the working conditions of the engine, and the generated power is 0.1-1.2kw.
  • the exhaust gas temperature is continuously higher than 300 degrees Celsius, water is injected into the medium gasification chamber 30711, the exhaust gas temperature drops to 200 degrees Celsius, a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure steam is generated, and the exhaust gas temperature is absorbed and steam is generated Power, due to the restriction of the medium cavity diversion fan and the nozzle, the steam pressure sprayed on the medium cavity power fan continues to accelerate the rotation of the medium cavity power fan, so that the medium cavity power fan and the vortex fan shaft rotate faster and the torque is greater, which drives power generation The machine rotates at high speed and large torque.
  • the power generation amount is 1kw-3kw.
  • the amount of injected water By adjusting the amount of injected water to adapt to the exhaust temperature change, the purpose of achieving constant exhaust temperature is achieved Continuous exhaust temperature is 150 degrees Celsius.
  • the low-temperature exhaust gas is beneficial for the subsequent exhaust electric field device to recover particulate matter and achieve the purpose of environmental protection.
  • the engine compressed air When the engine stops supplying fuel, the engine compressed air is dragged through the turbofan shaft 30721.
  • the engine compressed air reaches the exhaust chamber power fan 307232 through the exhaust line and pushes the exhaust chamber power fan 307232 to convert the pressure into the turbofan shaft 30721 rotating power.
  • the generator installed on the turbofan shaft 30721 at the same time can adjust the generated current and change the exhaust volume through the turbofan, thereby changing the exhaust resistance and realizing the engine braking and braking force slow release.
  • a system of about 3-10kw can be obtained Power, while recovering 1-5kw of power generation.
  • the generator When the generator switches to the electric brake mode, the generator instantly becomes the electric motor, which is equivalent to the driver quickly depressing the brake pedal. At this time, the compressed air of the engine passes through the exhaust fan power fan 307232, which pushes the exhaust fan power fan 307232 to rotate forward. Turn on the motor and output reverse rotation torque, which is transmitted to the medium cavity power fan 307222 and the exhaust chamber power fan 307232 through the turbofan shaft 30721, which forms a strong reverse thrust resistance and further increases the braking effect.
  • a large amount of compressed air does work to convert energy consumption into high-temperature gas, accumulates heat in the cavity, and at the same time increases the engine braking force and forces braking. Forced braking power 15-30kw. This kind of braking can generate electricity intermittently, with a generating power of about 3-5kw.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device of the present invention can realize waste heat power generation based on automobile exhaust gas, and has high heat energy conversion efficiency and recyclable heat exchange medium; it can be applied to the energy saving and emission reduction fields of diesel engines, gasoline engines, and gas engines.
  • the waste heat of the engine can be recycled, thereby improving the economy of the engine;
  • the high-speed turbofan extraction generates a constant negative exhaust pressure, which reduces the exhaust resistance of the engine and improves the efficiency of the engine. Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
  • the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

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Abstract

一种发动机尾气除尘系统和方法。上述发动机尾气除尘系统包括尾气除尘系统入口、尾气除尘系统出口、尾气电场装置。上述发动机尾气除尘系统除尘效果好，能够有效去除发动机尾气中的颗粒物。

Description

一种发动机尾气除尘系统和方法 技术领域
本发明属于环保领域，涉及一种发动机尾气除尘系统和方法。
背景技术
发动机尾气中有大量的颗粒物，故需要对发动机尾气中的颗粒物进行过滤。
现有技术中，通常通过柴油颗粒物过滤器(DPF)来进行颗粒物过滤。其中，DPF以燃烧方式工作，即利用积碳在多孔结构中充分堵塞后升温达到燃点后通过自然或者助燃的方式燃烧。具体地，DPF的工作原理如下：带有颗粒物的进气进入DPF的蜂窝状载体，颗粒物在蜂窝装载体中被拦截，当进气流出DPF时大部分的颗粒物已经被过滤掉。DPF的载体材料主要为堇青石、碳化硅、钛酸铝等，具体可根据实际情况进行选择使用。然而，上述方式存储以下缺陷：
(1)当DPF捕集到一定程度的颗粒物后就需要再生，否则发动机排气背压上升，工作状态恶化，严重影响性能及油耗，更有甚者为堵死DPF导致发动机无法工作。因此，DPF需要定期维护和添加催化剂。即使有定期维护，颗粒物的积聚限制了排气流，因此增加了背压，这会影响发动机性能和燃油消耗。
(2)DPF的除尘效果不稳定，无法满足发动机尾气处理的最新过滤要求。
静电除尘是一种气体除尘方法，通常在冶金、化学等工业领域中用以净化气体或回收有用尘粒。现有技术中，由于占用空间较大、系统结构复杂、除尘效果差(特别是，在高温或低温尾气中含有水滴的条件下，除尘效率显著降低)等问题，无法基于静电除尘对发动机进气颗粒物进行处理。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种发动机尾气除尘系统和方法，用于解决现有技术发动机尾气除尘系统需要定期维护及效果不稳定中至少一个问题。同时，本发明通过研究发现了现有电离除尘技术中存在的新问题，并通过一系列技术手段来解决，例如，当尾气温度或发动机温度低于一定温度时，发动机尾气中可能含有液体水，本发明在尾气电场装置前安装除水装置，脱除尾气中的液体水，提高电离除尘效果；在高温条件下，通过控制尾气电场装置阳极的集尘面积与阴极的放电面积比、阴极/阳极的长度、极间距以及设置辅助电场等，有效减少电场耦合，并使得尾气电场装置在高温冲击下仍具有高效率的集 尘能力。因此，本发明适合在苛刻条件下作业，并保证除尘效率，故从商业角度出发，本发明完全可适用于发动机。
本发明提供一种发动机尾气除尘系统和方法。所述发动机尾气除尘系统包括尾气除尘系统入口、尾气除尘系统出口、尾气电场装置。本发明的发动机尾气除尘系统除尘效果好，能够有效去除发动机尾气中的颗粒物。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的，本发明提供以下示例：
1.本发明提供的示例1：一种发动机排放处理系统。
2.本发明提供的示例2：包括上述示例1，包括尾气除尘系统，所述尾气除尘系统包括尾气除尘系统入口、尾气除尘系统出口、尾气电场装置。
3.本发明提供的示例3：包括上述示例2，其中，所述尾气电场装置包括尾气电场装置入口、尾气电场装置出口、尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极，所述尾气除尘电场阴极和所述尾气除尘电场阳极用于产生尾气电离除尘电场。
4.本发明提供的示例4：包括上述示例3，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极包括第一阳极部和第二阳极部，所述第一阳极部靠近尾气电场装置入口，第二阳极部靠近尾气电场装置出口，所述第一阳极部和所述第二阳极部之间设置有至少一个阴极支撑板。
5.本发明提供的示例5：包括上述示例4，其中，所述尾气电场装置还包括尾气绝缘机构，用于实现所述阴极支撑板和所述尾气除尘电场阳极之间的绝缘。
6.本发明提供的示例6：包括上述示例5，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极之间形成电场流道，所述尾气绝缘机构设置在所述电场流道外。
7.本发明提供的示例7：包括上述示例5或6，其中，所述尾气绝缘机构包括绝缘部和隔热部；所述绝缘部的材料采用陶瓷材料或玻璃材料。
8.本发明提供的示例8：包括上述示例7，其中，所述绝缘部为伞状串陶瓷柱、伞状串玻璃柱、柱状串陶瓷柱或柱状玻璃柱，伞内外或柱内外挂釉。
9.本发明提供的示例9：包括上述示例8，其中，伞状串陶瓷柱或伞状串玻璃柱的外缘与所述尾气除尘电场阳极的距离大于电场距离1.4倍，伞状串陶瓷柱或伞状串玻璃柱的伞突边间距总和大于伞状串陶瓷柱或伞状串玻璃柱的绝缘间距1.4倍，伞状串陶瓷柱或伞状串玻璃柱的伞边内深总长大于伞状串陶瓷柱或伞状串玻璃柱的绝缘距离1.4倍。
10.本发明提供的示例10：包括上述示例4至9中的任一项，其中，所述第一阳极部的长度是所述尾气除尘电场阳极长度的1/10至1/4、1/4至1/3、1/3至1/2、1/2至2/3、2/3至3/4，或3/4至9/10。
11.本发明提供的示例11：包括上述示例4至10中的任一项，其中，所述第一阳极部的长度是足够的长，以清除部分灰尘，减少积累在所述尾气绝缘机构和所述阴极支撑板上的灰尘，减少灰尘造成的电击穿。
12.本发明提供的示例12：包括上述示例4至11中的任一项，其中，所述第二阳极部包括积尘段和预留积尘段。
13.本发明提供的示例13：包括上述示例3至12中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极包括至少一根电极棒。
14.本发明提供的示例14：包括上述示例13，其中，所述电极棒的直径不大于3mm。
15.本发明提供的示例15：包括上述示例13或14，其中，所述电极棒的形状呈针状、多角状、毛刺状、螺纹杆状或柱状。
16.本发明提供的示例16：包括上述示例3至15中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极由中空的管束组成。
17.本发明提供的示例17：包括上述示例16，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极管束的中空的截面采用圆形或多边形。
18.本发明提供的示例18：包括上述示例17，其中，所述多边形为六边形。
19.本发明提供的示例19：包括上述示例16至18中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极的管束呈蜂窝状。
20.本发明提供的示例20：包括上述示例3至19中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极穿射于所述尾气除尘电场阳极内。
21.本发明提供的示例21：包括上述示例3至20中的任一项，其中，当电场积尘到一定程度时，所述尾气电场装置进行除碳黑处理。
22.本发明提供的示例22：包括上述示例21，其中，所述尾气电场装置检测电场电流来确定是否积尘到一定程度，需要进行除碳黑处理。
23.本发明提供的示例23：包括上述示例21或22，其中，所述尾气电场装置增高电场电压来进行除碳黑处理。
24.本发明提供的示例24：包括上述示例21或22，其中，所述尾气电场装置利用电场反电晕放电现象来进行除碳黑处理。
25.本发明提供的示例25：包括上述示例21或22，其中，所述尾气电场装置利用电场反电晕放电现象，增高电压，限制入注电流，使发生在阳极积碳位置的急剧放电产生等离子，所述等离子使碳黑有机成分深度氧化，高分子键断裂，形成小分子二氧化碳和水，来进行除 碳黑处理。
26.本发明提供的示例26：包括上述示例3至25中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极长度为10-90mm，所述尾气除尘电场阴极长度为10-90mm。
27.本发明提供的示例27：包括上述示例26，其中，当电场温度为200℃时，对应的集尘效率为99.9％。
28.本发明提供的示例28：包括上述示例26或27，其中，当电场温度为400℃时，对应的集尘效率为90％。
29.本发明提供的示例29：包括上述示例26至28中的任一项，其中，当电场温度为500℃时，对应的集尘效率为50％。
30.本发明提供的示例30：包括上述示例3至29中的任一项，其中，所述尾气电场装置还包括辅助电场单元，用于产生与所述尾气电离除尘电场不平行的辅助电场。
31.本发明提供的示例31：包括上述示例3至29中的任一项，其中，所述尾气电场装置还包括辅助电场单元，所述尾气电离除尘电场包括流道，所述辅助电场单元用于产生与所述流道不垂直的辅助电场。
32.本发明提供的示例32：包括上述示例30或31，其中，所述辅助电场单元包括第一电极，所述辅助电场单元的第一电极设置在或靠近所述尾气电离除尘电场的进口。
33.本发明提供的示例33：包括上述示例32，其中，所述第一电极为阴极。
34.本发明提供的示例34：包括上述示例32或33，其中，所述辅助电场单元的第一电极是所述尾气除尘电场阴极的延伸。
35.本发明提供的示例35：包括上述示例34，其中，所述辅助电场单元的第一电极与所述尾气除尘电场阳极具有夹角α，且0°＜α≤125°、或45°≤α≤125°、或60°≤α≤100°、或α＝90°。
36.本发明提供的示例36：包括上述示例30至35中的任一项，其中，所述辅助电场单元包括第二电极，所述辅助电场单元的第二电极设置在或靠近所述尾气电离除尘电场的出口。
37.本发明提供的示例37：包括上述示例36，其中，所述第二电极为阳极。
38.本发明提供的示例38：包括上述示例36或37，其中，所述辅助电场单元的第二电极是所述尾气除尘电场阳极的延伸。
39.本发明提供的示例39：包括上述示例38，其中，所述辅助电场单元的第二电极与所述尾气除尘电场阴极具有夹角α，且0°＜α≤125°、或45°≤α≤125°、或60°≤α≤100°、或α＝90°。
40.本发明提供的示例40：包括上述示例30至33、36和37中的任一项，其中，所述辅助电场的电极与所述尾气电离除尘电场的电极独立设置。
41.本发明提供的示例41：包括上述示例3至40中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面积与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积的比为1.667：1-1680：1。
42.本发明提供的示例42：包括上述示例3至40中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面积与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积的比为6.67：1-56.67：1。
43.本发明提供的示例43：包括上述示例3至42中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极直径为1-3毫米，所述尾气除尘电场阳极与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的极间距为2.5-139.9毫米；所述尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面积与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积的比为1.667：1-1680：1
44.本发明提供的示例44：包括上述示例3至42中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极的极间距小于150mm。
45.本发明提供的示例45：包括上述示例3至42中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的极间距为2.5-139.9mm。
46.本发明提供的示例46：包括上述示例3至42中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的极间距为5-100mm。
47.本发明提供的示例47：包括上述示例3至46中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极长度为10-180mm。
48.本发明提供的示例48：包括上述示例3至46中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极长度为60-180mm。
49.本发明提供的示例49：包括上述示例3至48中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极长度为30-180mm。
50.本发明提供的示例50：包括上述示例3至48中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极长度为54-176mm。
51.本发明提供的示例51：包括上述示例41至50中的任一项，其中，当运行时，所述尾气电离除尘电场的耦合次数≤3。
52.本发明提供的示例52：包括上述示例30至50中的任一项，其中，当运行时，所述尾气电离除尘电场的耦合次数≤3。
53.本发明提供的示例53：包括上述示例3至52中的任一项，其中，所述尾气电离除尘电场电压的取值范围为1kv-50kv。
54.本发明提供的示例54：包括上述示例3至53中的任一项，其中，所述尾气电场装置还包括若干连接壳体，串联电场级通过所述连接壳体连接。
55.本发明提供的示例55：包括上述示例54，其中，相邻的电场级的距离大于所述极间距的1.4倍。
56.本发明提供的示例56：包括上述示例3至55中的任一项，其中，所述尾气电场装置还包括尾气前置电极，所述尾气前置电极在所述尾气电场装置入口与所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极形成的尾气电离除尘电场之间。
57.本发明提供的示例57：包括上述示例56，其中，所述尾气前置电极呈点状、线状、网状、孔板状、板状、针棒状、球笼状、盒状、管状、物质自然形态、或物质加工形态。
58.本发明提供的示例58：包括上述示例56或57，其中，所述尾气前置电极上设有尾气通孔。
59.本发明提供的示例59：包括上述示例58，其中，所述尾气通孔呈多角形、圆形、椭圆形、正方形、长方形、梯形、或菱形。
60.本发明提供的示例60：包括上述示例58或59，其中，所述尾气通孔的大小为0.1-3毫米。
61.本发明提供的示例61：包括上述示例56至60中的任一项，其中，所述尾气前置电极为固体、液体、气体分子团、或等离子体中的一种或多种形态的组合。
62.本发明提供的示例62：包括上述示例56至61中的任一项，其中，所述尾气前置电极为导电混合态物质、生物体自然混合导电物质、或物体人工加工形成导电物质。
63.本发明提供的示例63：包括上述示例56至62中的任一项，其中，所述尾气前置电极为304钢或石墨。
64.本发明提供的示例64：包括上述示例56至62中的任一项，其中，所述尾气前置电极为含离子导电液体。
65.本发明提供的示例65：包括上述示例56至64中的任一项，其中，在工作时，在带污染物的气体进入所述尾气除尘电场阴极、尾气除尘电场阳极形成的尾气电离除尘电场之前，且带污染物的气体通过所述尾气前置电极时，所述尾气前置电极使气体中的污染物带电。
66.本发明提供的示例66：包括上述示例65，其中，当带污染物的气体进入所述尾气电离除尘电场时，所述尾气除尘电场阳极给带电的污染物施加吸引力，使污染物向所述尾气除尘电场阳极移动，直至污染物附着在所述尾气除尘电场阳极上。
67.本发明提供的示例67：包括上述示例65或66，其中，所述尾气前置电极将电子导入污染物，电子在位于所述尾气前置电极和所述尾气除尘电场阳极之间的污染物之间进行传递，使更多污染物带电。
68.本发明提供的示例68：包括上述示例64至66中的任一项，其中，所述尾气前置电极和所述尾气除尘电场阳极之间通过污染物传导电子、并形成电流。
69.本发明提供的示例69：包括上述示例65至68中的任一项，其中，所述尾气前置电极通过与污染物接触的方式使污染物带电。
70.本发明提供的示例70：包括上述示例65至69中的任一项，其中，所述尾气前置电极通过能量波动的方式使污染物带电。
71.本发明提供的示例71：包括上述示例65至70中的任一项，其中，所述尾气前置电极上设有尾气通孔。
72.本发明提供的示例72：包括上述示例56至71中的任一项，其中，所述尾气前置电极呈线状，所述尾气除尘电场阳极呈面状。
73.本发明提供的示例73：包括上述示例56至72中的任一项，其中，所述尾气前置电极垂直于所述尾气除尘电场阳极。
74.本发明提供的示例74：包括上述示例56至73中的任一项，其中，所述尾气前置电极与所述尾气除尘电场阳极相平行。
75.本发明提供的示例75：包括上述示例56至74中的任一项，其中，所述尾气前置电极呈曲线状或圆弧状。
76.本发明提供的示例76：包括上述示例56至75中的任一项，其中，所述尾气前置电极采用金属丝网。
77.本发明提供的示例77：包括上述示例56至76中的任一项，其中，所述尾气前置电极与所述尾气除尘电场阳极之间的电压不同于所述尾气除尘电场阴极与所述尾气除尘电场阳极之间的电压。
78.本发明提供的示例78：包括上述示例56至77中的任一项，其中，所述尾气前置电极与所述尾气除尘电场阳极之间的电压小于起始起晕电压。
79.本发明提供的示例79：包括上述示例56至78中的任一项，其中，所述尾气前置电极与所述尾气除尘电场阳极之间的电压为0.1kv-2kv/mm。
80.本发明提供的示例80：包括上述示例56至79中的任一项，其中，所述尾气电场装置包括尾气流道，所述尾气前置电极位于所述尾气流道中；所述尾气前置电极的截面面积与尾气流道的截面面积比为99％-10％、或90-10％、或80-20％、或70-30％、或60-40％、或50％。
81.本发明提供的示例81：包括上述示例3至80中的任一项，其中，所述尾气电场装置包括尾气驻极体元件。
82.本发明提供的示例82：包括上述示例81，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极接通电源时，所述尾气驻极体元件在所述尾气电离除尘电场中。
83.本发明提供的示例83：包括上述示例81或82，其中，所述尾气驻极体元件靠近所述尾气电场装置出口，或者，所述尾气驻极体元件设于所述尾气电场装置出口。
84.本发明提供的示例84：包括上述示例81至83中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极形成尾气流道，所述尾气驻极体元件设于所述尾气流道中。
85.本发明提供的示例85：包括上述示例84，其中，所述尾气流道包括尾气流道出口，所述尾气驻极体元件靠近所述尾气流道出口，或者，所述尾气驻极体元件设于所述尾气流道出口。
86.本发明提供的示例86：包括上述示例84或85，其中，所述尾气驻极体元件于所述尾气流道中的横截面占尾气流道横截面5％-100％。
87.本发明提供的示例87：包括上述示例86，其中，所述尾气驻极体元件于所述尾气流道中的横截面占尾气流道横截面10％-90％、20％-80％、或40％-60％。
88.本发明提供的示例88：包括上述示例81至87中的任一项，其中，所述尾气电离除尘电场给所述尾气驻极体元件充电。
89.本发明提供的示例89：包括上述示例81至88中的任一项，其中，所述尾气驻极体元件具有多孔结构。
90.本发明提供的示例90：包括上述示例81至89中的任一项，其中，所述尾气驻极体元件为织品。
91.本发明提供的示例91：包括上述示例81至90中的任一项，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极内部为管状，所述尾气驻极体元件外部为管状，所述尾气驻极体元件外部套设于所述尾气除尘电场阳极内部。
92.本发明提供的示例92：包括上述示例81至91中的任一项，其中，所述尾气驻极体元件与所述尾气除尘电场阳极为可拆卸式连接。
93.本发明提供的示例93：包括上述示例81至92中的任一项，其中，所述尾气驻极体元件的材料包括具有驻极性能的无机化合物。
94.本发明提供的示例94：包括上述示例93，其中，所述无机化合物选自含氧化合物、含氮化合物或玻璃纤维中的一种或多种组合。
95.本发明提供的示例95：包括上述示例94，其中，所述含氧化合物选自金属基氧化物、含氧复合物、含氧的无机杂多酸盐中的一种或多种组合。
96.本发明提供的示例96：包括上述示例95，其中，所述金属基氧化物选自氧化铝、氧化锌、氧化锆、氧化钛、氧化钡、氧化钽、氧化硅、氧化铅、氧化锡中的一种或多种组合。
97.本发明提供的示例97：包括上述示例95，其中，所述金属基氧化物为氧化铝。
98.本发明提供的示例98：包括上述示例95，其中，所述含氧复合物选自钛锆复合氧化物或钛钡复合氧化物中的一种或多种组合。
99.本发明提供的示例99：包括上述示例95，其中，所述含氧的无机杂多酸盐选自钛酸锆、锆钛酸铅或钛酸钡中的一种或多种组合。
100.本发明提供的示例100：包括上述示例94，其中，所述含氮化合物为氮化硅。
101.本发明提供的示例101：包括上述示例81至100中的任一项，其中，所述尾气驻极体元件的材料包括具有驻极性能的有机化合物。
102.本发明提供的示例102：包括上述示例101，其中，所述有机化合物选自氟聚合物、聚碳酸酯、PP、PE、PVC、天然蜡、树脂、松香中的一种或多种组合。
103.本发明提供的示例103：包括上述示例102，其中，所述氟聚合物选自聚四氟乙烯、聚全氟乙丙烯、可溶性聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯中的一种或多种组合。
104.本发明提供的示例104：包括上述示例102，其中，所述氟聚合物为聚四氟乙烯。
105.本发明提供的示例105：包括上述示例2至104中的任一项，其中，还包括尾气均风装置。
106.本发明提供的示例106：包括上述示例105，其中，所述尾气均风装置在所述尾气除尘系统入口与所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极形成的尾气电离除尘电场之间，当所述尾气除尘电场阳极为四方体时，所述尾气均风装置包括：设置于所述尾气除尘电场阳极一侧边的进气管和设置于另一侧边的出气管；其中，所述进气管与所述出气管相对立。
107.本发明提供的示例107：包括上述示例105，其中，所述尾气均风装置在所述尾气除尘系统入口与所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极形成的尾气电离除尘电场之间，当所述尾气除尘电场阳极为圆柱体时，所述尾气均风装置由若干可旋转的均风叶片组成。
108.本发明提供的示例108：包括上述示例105，其中，所述尾气均风装置第一文氏板均风机构和设置于所述尾气除尘电场阳极的出气端的第二文氏板均风机构，所述第一文氏板均风机构上开设有正面进气，所述第二文氏板均风机构上开设有出气孔，所述进气孔与所述出气孔错位排布，且正面进气侧面出气，形成旋风结构.
109.本发明提供的示例109：包括上述示例2至108中的任一项，其中，还包括补氧装置，用于在所述尾气电离除尘电场之前添加包括氧气的气体。
110.本发明提供的示例110：包括上述示例109，其中，所述补氧装置通过单纯增氧、通入外界空气、通入压缩空气和/或通入臭氧的方式添加氧气。
111.本发明提供的示例111：包括上述示例109或110，其中，至少根据尾气颗粒含量决定补氧量。
112.本发明提供的示例112：包括上述示例2至111中的任一项，其中，还包括除水装置，用于在所述尾气电场装置入口之前去除液体水。
113.本发明提供的示例113：包括上述示例112，其中，当尾气温度或发动机温度低于一定温度时，所述除水装置脱除尾气中的液体水。
114.本发明提供的示例114：包括上述示例113，其中，所述一定温度在90℃以上、100℃以下。
115.本发明提供的示例115：包括上述示例113，其中，所述一定温度在80℃以上、90℃以下。
116.本发明提供的示例116：包括上述示例113，其中，所述一定温度为80℃以下。
117.本发明提供的示例117：包括上述示例112至116，其中，所述除水装置为电凝装置。
118.本发明提供的示例118：包括上述示例2至117中的任一项，其中，还包括尾气降温装置，用于在所述尾气电场装置入口之前降低尾气温度。
119.本发明提供的示例119：包括上述示例118，其中，所述尾气降温装置包括换热单元，用于与发动机的尾气进行热交换，以将换热单元中液态的换热介质加热成气态的换热介质。
120.本发明提供的示例120：包括上述示例119，其中，所述换热单元包括：
尾气通过腔，与发动机的排气管路相连通，所述尾气通过腔用于供发动机的尾气通过；
介质气化腔，所述介质气化腔用于将液态换热介质与尾气发生热交换后转化成气态。
121.本发明提供的示例121：包括上述示例119或120，其中，还包括动力产生单元，所述动力产生单元用于将换热介质的热能和/或尾气的热能转换为机械能。
122.本发明提供的示例122：包括上述示例121，其中，所述动力产生单元包括涡扇。
123.本发明提供的示例123：包括上述示例122，其中，所述涡扇包括：
涡扇轴；
介质腔涡扇组件，安装在涡扇轴上，且所述介质腔涡扇组件位于介质气化腔中。
124.本发明提供的示例124：包括上述示例123，其中，所述介质腔涡扇组件包括介质腔导流扇和介质腔动力扇。
125.本发明提供的示例125：包括上述示例122至124中的任一项，其中，所述涡扇包括：
尾气腔涡扇组件，安装在涡扇轴上，且所述尾气腔涡扇组件位于尾气通过腔中。
126.本发明提供的示例126：包括上述示例125，其中，所述尾气腔涡扇组件包括尾气腔导流扇和尾气腔动力扇。
127.本发明提供的示例127：包括上述示例121至126中的任一项，其中，所述尾气降温装置还包括发电单元，所述发电单元用于将动力产生单元产生的机械能转换为电能。
128.本发明提供的示例128：包括上述示例127，其中，所述发电单元包括发电机定子和发电机转子，所述发电机转子与动力产生单元的涡扇轴相连接。
129.本发明提供的示例：包括上述示例127或128，其中，所述发电单元包括电池组件。
130.本发明提供的示例130：包括上述示例127至129中的任一项，其中，所述发电单元包括发电机调控组件，所述发电机调控组件用于调节发电机的电动转矩。
131.本发明提供的示例131：包括上述示例121至130中的任一项，其中，所述尾气降温装置还包括介质传输单元，所述介质传输单元连接于换热单元和动力产生单元之间。
132.本发明提供的示例132：包括上述示例131，其中，所述介质传输单元包括反推涵道。
133.本发明提供的示例133：包括上述示例131，其中，所述介质传输单元包括承压管路。
134.本发明提供的示例134：包括上述示例127至133中的任一项，其中，所述尾气降温装置还包括耦合单元，所述耦合单元电性连接于动力产生单元和发电单元之间。
135.本发明提供的示例135：包括上述示例134，其中，所述耦合单元包括电磁耦合器。
136.本发明提供的示例136：包括上述示例119至135中的任一项，其中，所述尾气降温装置还包括保温管路，所述保温管路连接于发动机的尾气管路和换热单元之间。
137.本发明提供的示例137：包括上述示例118至136中的任一项，其中，所述尾气降温装置包括风机，所述风机将空气通入所述尾气电场装置入口之前，对尾气起到降温的作用。
138.本发明提供的示例138：包括上述示例137，其中，通入的空气是尾气的50％至300％。
139.本发明提供的示例139：包括上述示例137，其中，通入的空气是尾气的100％至180％。
140.本发明提供的示例140：包括上述示例137，其中，通入的空气是尾气的120％至150％。
141.本发明提供的示例141：包括上述示例120，其中，所述补氧装置包括风机，所述风机将空气通入所述尾气电场装置入口之前，对尾气起到降温的作用。
142.本发明提供的示例142：包括上述示例141，其中，通入的空气是尾气的50％至300％。
143.本发明提供的示例143：包括上述示例141，其中，通入的空气是尾气的100％至180％。
144.本发明提供的示例144：包括上述示例141，其中，通入的空气是尾气的120％至150％。
145.本发明提供的示例145：包括上述示例1至144中的任一项，其中，还包括发动机。
146.本发明提供的示例146：一种发动机尾气电场除炭黑方法，包括以下步骤：
使含尘气体通过尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极产生的电离除尘电场；
电场积尘时，进行清理炭黑处理。
147.本发明提供的示例147：包括示例146的发动机尾气电场除炭黑方法，其中，利用电场反电晕放电现象完成清理炭黑处理。
148.本发明提供的示例148：包括示例146的发动机尾气电场除炭黑方法，其中，利用电场反电晕放电现象，增高电压，限制入注电流，完成清理炭黑处理。
149.本发明提供的示例149：包括示例146的发动机尾气电场除炭黑方法，其中，利用电场反电晕放电现象，增高电压，限制入注电流，使发生在阳极积尘位置的急剧放电产生等离子，所述等离子使清理炭黑有机成分深度氧化，高分子键断裂，形成小分子二氧化碳和水，完成清理炭黑处理。
150.本发明提供的示例150：包括示例146至149任一项的发动机尾气电场除炭黑方法，其中，当所述电场装置检测到电场电流增加到一个给定值，所述电场装置进行清尘处理。
151.本发明提供的示例151：包括示例146至150任一项的发动机尾气电场除炭黑方法，其中，所述除尘电场阴极包括至少一根电极棒。
152.本发明提供的示例152：包括示例151的发动机尾气电场除炭黑方法，其中，所述电极棒的直径不大于3mm。
153.本发明提供的示例153：包括示例151或152的发动机尾气电场除炭黑方法，其中，所述电极棒的形状呈针状、多角状、毛刺状、螺纹杆状或柱状。
154.本发明提供的示例154：包括示例146至153任一项的发动机尾气电场除炭黑方法，其中，所述除尘电场阳极由中空的管束组成。
155.本发明提供的示例155：包括示例154的发动机尾气电场除炭黑方法，其中，所述阳极管束的中空的截面采用圆形或多边形。
156.本发明提供的示例156：包括示例155的发动机尾气电场除炭黑方法，其中，所述多边形为六边形。
157.本发明提供的示例157：包括示例154至156任一项的发动机尾气电场除炭黑方法，其中，所述除尘电场阳极的管束呈蜂窝状。
158.本发明提供的示例158：包括示例146至157任一项的发动机尾气电场除炭黑方法，其中，所述除尘电场阴极穿射于所述除尘电场阳极内。
159.本发明提供的示例159：包括示例146至158任一项的发动机尾气电场除炭黑方法， 其中，当检测到的电场电流增加到一个给定值时，进行清理炭黑处理。
160.本发明提供的示例160：一种减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，包括以下步骤：
选择尾气除尘电场阳极参数或/和尾气除尘电场阴极参数以减少电场耦合次数。
161.本发明提供的示例161：包括示例160的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极的集尘面积与尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积的比。
162.本发明提供的示例162：包括示例161的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面积与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积的比为1.667：1-1680：1。
163.本发明提供的示例163：包括示例161的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面积与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积的比为6.67：1-56.67：1。
164.本发明提供的示例164：包括示例160至163任一项的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述尾气除尘电场阴极直径为1-3毫米，所述尾气除尘电场阳极与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的极间距为2.5-139.9毫米；所述尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面积与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积的比为1.667：1-1680：1。
165.本发明提供的示例165：包括示例160至164任一项的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极的极间距小于150mm。
166.本发明提供的示例166：包括示例160至164任一项的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的极间距为2.5-139.9mm。
167.本发明提供的示例167：包括示例160至164任一项的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的极间距为5-100mm。
168.本发明提供的示例168：包括示例160至167任一项的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极长度为10-180mm。
169.本发明提供的示例169：包括示例160至167任一项的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极长度为60-180mm。
170.本发明提供的示例170：包括示例160至169任一项的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述尾气除尘电场阴极长度为30-180mm。
171.本发明提供的示例171：包括示例160至169任一项的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合 的方法，其中，包括选择所述尾气除尘电场阴极长度为54-176mm。
172.本发明提供的示例172：包括示例160至171任一项的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述尾气除尘电场阴极包括至少一根电极棒。
173.本发明提供的示例173：包括示例172的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述电极棒的直径不大于3mm。
174.本发明提供的示例174：包括示例172或173的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述电极棒的形状呈针状、多角状、毛刺状、螺纹杆状或柱状。
175.本发明提供的示例175：包括示例160至174任一项的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极由中空的管束组成。
176.本发明提供的示例176：包括示例175的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述阳极管束的中空的截面采用圆形或多边形。
177.本发明提供的示例177：包括示例176的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述多边形为六边形。
178.本发明提供的示例178：包括示例175至177任一项的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极的管束呈蜂窝状。
179.本发明提供的示例179：包括示例160至178任一项的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择所述尾气除尘电场阴极穿射于所述尾气除尘电场阳极内。
180.本发明提供的示例180：包括示例160至179任一项的减少发动机尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，其中，包括选择的所述尾气除尘电场阳极或/和尾气除尘电场阴极尺寸使电场耦合次数≤3。
181.本发明提供的示例181：一种发动机尾气除尘方法，包括以下步骤：尾气温度低于100℃时，脱除尾气中的液体水，然后电离除尘。
182.本发明提供的示例182：包括示例181的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，尾气温度≥100℃时，对尾气进行电离除尘。
183.本发明提供的示例183：包括示例181或182的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，尾气温度≤90℃时，脱除尾气中的液体水，然后电离除尘。
184.本发明提供的示例184：包括示例181或182的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，尾气温度≤80℃时，脱除尾气中的液体水，然后电离除尘。
185.本发明提供的示例185：包括示例181或182的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，尾气温度≤70℃时，脱除尾气中的液体水，然后电离除尘。
186.本发明提供的示例186：包括示例181或182的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，采用电凝除雾方法脱除尾气中的液体水，然后电离除尘。
187.本发明提供的示例187：一种发动机尾气除尘方法，包括以下步骤：在尾气电离除尘电场之前添加包括氧气的气体，进行电离除尘。
188.本发明提供的示例188：包括示例187的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，通过单纯增氧、通入外界空气、通入压缩空气和/或通入臭氧的方式添加氧气。
189.本发明提供的示例189：包括示例187或188的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，至少根据尾气颗粒含量决定补氧量。
190.本发明提供的示例190：一种发动机尾气除尘方法，包括如下步骤：
1)利用尾气电离除尘电场吸附尾气中的颗粒物；
2)利用尾气电离除尘电场给尾气驻极体元件充电。
191.本发明提供的示例191：包括示例190的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，所述尾气驻极体元件靠近尾气电场装置出口，或者，所述尾气驻极体元件设于尾气电场装置出口。
192.本发明提供的示例192：包括示例190的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极形成尾气流道，所述尾气驻极体元件设于所述尾气流道中。
193.本发明提供的示例193：包括示例192的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，所述尾气流道包括尾气流道出口，所述尾气驻极体元件靠近所述尾气流道出口，或者，所述尾气驻极体元件设于所述尾气流道出口。
194.本发明提供的示例194：包括示例187至193任一项的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，当尾气电离除尘电场无上电驱动电压时，利用充电的尾气驻极体元件吸附尾气中的颗粒物。
195.本发明提供的示例195：包括示例193的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，在充电的尾气驻极体元件吸附一定的尾气中的颗粒物后，将其替换为新的尾气驻极体元件。
196.本发明提供的示例196：包括示例195的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，替换为新的尾气驻极体元件后重新启动尾气电离除尘电场吸附尾气中的颗粒物，并给新的尾气驻极体元件充电。
197.本发明提供的示例197：包括示例190至196任一项的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，所述尾气驻极体元件的材料包括具有驻极性能的无机化合物。
198.本发明提供的示例198：包括示例197的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，所述无机化合物选自含氧化合物、含氮化合物或玻璃纤维中的一种或多种组合。
199.本发明提供的示例199：包括示例198的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，所述含氧化合 物选自金属基氧化物、含氧复合物、含氧的无机杂多酸盐中的一种或多种组合。
200.本发明提供的示例200：包括示例199的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，所述金属基氧化物选自氧化铝、氧化锌、氧化锆、氧化钛、氧化钡、氧化钽、氧化硅、氧化铅、氧化锡中的一种或多种组合。
201.本发明提供的示例201：包括示例199的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，所述金属基氧化物为氧化铝。
202.本发明提供的示例202：包括示例199的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，所述含氧复合物选自钛锆复合氧化物或钛钡复合氧化物中的一种或多种组合。
203.本发明提供的示例203：包括示例199的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，所述含氧的无机杂多酸盐选自钛酸锆、锆钛酸铅或钛酸钡中的一种或多种组合。
204.本发明提供的示例204：包括示例198的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，所述含氮化合物为氮化硅。
205.本发明提供的示例205：包括示例190至196任一项的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，所述尾气驻极体元件的材料包括具有驻极性能的有机化合物。
206.本发明提供的示例206：包括示例205的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，所述有机化合物选自氟聚合物、聚碳酸酯、PP、PE、PVC、天然蜡、树脂、松香中的一种或多种组合。
207.本发明提供的示例207：包括示例206的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，所述氟聚合物选自聚四氟乙烯、聚全氟乙丙烯、可溶性聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯中的一种或多种组合。
208.本发明提供的示例208：包括示例206的发动机尾气除尘方法，其中，所述氟聚合物为聚四氟乙烯。
附图说明
图1显示为本发明发动机尾气除尘系统中尾气处理装置于一实施例中的立体结构示意图。
图2显示为本发明发动机尾气除尘系统中尾气处理装置呈伞状的尾气绝缘机构于一实施例中的结构示意图。
图3A显示为本发明发动机尾气除尘系统中尾气处理装置的尾气均风装置的一种实施结构图。
图3B显示为本发明发动机尾气除尘系统中尾气处理装置的尾气均风装置的另一种实施结构图。
图3C显示为本发明发动机尾气除尘系统中尾气处理装置的尾气均风装置的又一种实施结构图。
图4显示为本发明是实施例2尾气电场装置的示意图一。
图5显示为本发明实施例3尾气电场装置的示意图二。
图6显示为本发明图5的尾气电场装置的俯视图。
图7显示为实施例3尾气驻极体元件于尾气流道中的横截面占尾气流道横截面的示意图。
图8显示为本发明实施例5发动机尾气除尘系统的示意图。
图9显示为本发明实施例6发动机尾气除尘系统的示意图。
图10为电场发生单元结构示意图。
图11为图10电场发生单元的A-A视图。
图12为标注长度和角度的图10电场发生单元的A-A视图。
图13为两个电场级的电场装置结构示意图。
图14为本发明实施例18中电场装置的结构示意图。
图15为本发明实施例20中电场装置的结构示意图。
图16为本发明实施例21中电场装置的结构示意图。
图17为本发明中实施例23中发动机尾气除尘系统的结构示意图。
图18为本发明实施例23中叶轮涵道的结构示意图。
图19为本发明实施例24中电凝装置的结构示意图。
图20为本发明实施例24中电凝装置的左视图。
图21为本发明实施例24中电凝装置的立体图。
图22为本发明实施例25中电凝装置的结构示意图。
图23为本发明实施例25中电凝装置的俯视图。
图24为本发明实施例26中电凝装置的结构示意图。
图25为本发明实施例27中电凝装置的结构示意图。
图26为本发明实施例28中电凝装置的结构示意图。
图27为本发明实施例29中电凝装置的结构示意图。
图28为本发明实施例30中电凝装置的结构示意图。
图29为本发明实施例31中电凝装置的结构示意图。
图30为本发明实施例32中电凝装置的结构示意图。
图31为本发明实施例33中电凝装置的结构示意图。
图32为本发明实施例34中电凝装置的结构示意图。
图33为本发明实施例35中电凝装置的结构示意图。
图34为本发明实施例36中电凝装置的结构示意图。
图35为本发明实施例37中电凝装置的结构示意图。
图36为本发明实施例38中发动机尾气除尘系统的结构示意图。
图37为本发明实施例39中发动机尾气除尘系统的结构示意图。
图38为本发明实施例40中发动机尾气除尘系统的结构示意图。
图39为本发明实施例41中发动机尾气除尘系统的结构示意图。
图40为本发明实施例42中发动机尾气除尘系统的结构示意图。
图41为本发明实施例43中发动机尾气除尘系统的结构示意图。
图42为本发明实施例44中发动机尾气除尘系统的结构示意图。
图43为本发明实施例45中尾气电场装置的结构示意图。
图44为本发明实施例46中尾气降温装置的结构示意图。
图45为本发明实施例47中尾气降温装置的结构示意图。
图46为本发明实施例48中尾气降温装置的结构示意图。
图47为本发明实施例48中换热单元的结构示意图。
图48为本发明实施例49中尾气降温装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。
须知，本说明书所附图式所绘示的结构、比例、大小等，均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容，以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读，并非用以限定本发明可实施的限定条件，故不具技术上的实质意义，任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整，在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应仍落在本发明所揭示的技术内容得能涵盖的范围内。同时，本说明书中所引用的如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“中间”及“一”等的用语，亦仅为便于叙述的明了，而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容下，当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。
本发明发动机尾气除尘系统与发动机的出口相连通。发动机排放的尾气将流经发动机尾气除尘系统。
于本发明一实施例中，所述发动机尾气除尘系统还包括除水装置，用于在尾气电场装置入口之前去除液体水。
于本发明一实施例中，当尾气温度或发动机温度低于一定温度时，发动机尾气中可能含 有液体水，所述除水装置脱除尾气中的液体水。
于本发明一实施例中，所述一定温度在90℃以上、100℃以下。
于本发明一实施例中，所述一定温度在80℃以上、90℃以下。
于本发明一实施例中，所述一定温度为80℃以下。
于本发明一实施例中，所述除水装置为电凝装置。
本领域技术人员没有认识到如下技术问题：在尾气或发动机温度低时，尾气中会有液体水，吸附在尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极上，造成尾气电离除尘电场放电不均匀、打火，而本申请的发明人发现此问题，并提出发动机尾气除尘系统设置除水装置，用于在尾气电场装置入口之前去除液体水，液体水具有导电性，会缩短电离距离，导致尾气电离除尘电场放电不均匀，易导致电极击穿。所述除水装置在发动机冷启动时，在尾气进入尾气电场装置入口之前脱除尾气中的水珠即液体水，从而减少尾气中的水珠即液体水，减少尾气电离除尘电场放电不均匀及尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极击穿，从而提高电离除尘效率，取得预料不到的技术效果。所述除水装置没有特别的限制，现有技术中能实现去除尾气中的液体水都适用本发明。
于本发明一实施例中，所述发动机尾气除尘系统还包括补氧装置，用于在尾气电离除尘电场之前添加包括氧气的气体，比如空气。
于本发明一实施例中，所述补氧装置通过单纯增氧、通入外界空气、通入压缩空气和/或通入臭氧的方式添加氧气。
于本发明一实施例中，至少根据尾气颗粒含量决定补氧量。本领域技术人员没有认识到如下技术问题：在某些情况下，尾气会没有足够的氧气产生足够的氧离子，造成除尘效果不好，即，本领域技术人员没有认识到发动机尾气中的氧气可能不足以支持有效电离，而本申请的发明人发现此问题，并提出本发明发动机尾气除尘系统：包括补氧装置，可以通过单纯增氧、通入外界空气、通入压缩空气和/或通入臭氧的方式添加氧气，提高进入尾气电离除尘电场尾气含氧量，从而当尾气流经尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极之间的尾气电离除尘电场时，增加电离的氧气，使得尾气中更多的粉尘荷电，进而在尾气除尘电场阳极的作用下将更多的荷电的粉尘收集起来，使得尾气电场装置的除尘效率更高，有利于尾气电离除尘电场收集尾气颗粒物，取得预料不到的技术效果，同时还取得新的技术效果：能起到降温的作用，增加电力系统效率，而且，补氧也会提高尾气电离除尘电场臭氧含量，有利于提高尾气电离除尘电场对尾气中有机物进行净化、自洁、脱硝等处理的效率。
于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘系统可包括尾气均风装置。该尾气均风装置设置在尾气电 场装置之前，能使进入尾气电场装置的气流均匀通过。
于本发明一实施例中尾气电场装置的尾气除尘电场阳极可为立方体，尾气均风装置可包括位于阴极支撑板一侧边的进气管、及位于阴极支撑板另一侧边的出气管，阴极支撑板位于尾气除尘电场阳极的进气端；其中，安装进气管的侧边与安装出气管的侧边相对立。尾气均风装置能使进入尾气电场装置的尾气均匀通过静电场。
于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极可为圆柱体，尾气均风装置在所述尾气除尘系统入口与所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极形成的尾气电离除尘电场之间、且尾气均风装置包括若干围绕尾气电场装置入口中心旋转的均风叶片。尾气均风装置能够使各种变化的进气量均匀通过尾气除尘电场阳极产生的电场，同时，能够保持尾气除尘电场阳极内部温度恒定，氧气充足。尾气均风装置能使进入尾气电场装置的尾气均匀通过静电场。
于本发明一实施例中尾气均风装置包括设置于尾气除尘电场阳极的进气端的进风板和设置于尾气除尘电场阳极出气端的出风板，进风板上开设有进气孔，出风板上开设有出气孔，进气孔与出气孔错位排布，且正面进气、侧面出气，形成旋风结构。尾气均风装置能使进入尾气电场装置的尾气均匀通过静电场。
于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘系统可包括尾气除尘系统入口、尾气除尘系统出口和尾气电场装置，且于本发明一实施例中尾气电场装置可包括尾气电场装置入口、尾气电场装置出口、及位于尾气电场装置入口和尾气电场装置出口之间的尾气前置电极，当发动机排放的尾气由尾气电场装置入口流经尾气前置电极时，尾气中的颗粒物等将带电。
于本发明一实施例中尾气电场装置包括尾气前置电极，该尾气前置电极在尾气电场装置入口与尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极形成的尾气电离除尘电场之间。当气体由尾气电场装置入口流经尾气前置电极时，气体中的颗粒物等将带电。
于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极的形状可以为点状、线状、网状、孔板状、板状、针棒状、球笼状、盒状、管状、物质自然形态、或物质加工形态。当尾气前置电极为有孔结构时，尾气前置电极上设有一个或多个尾气通孔。于本发明一实施例中尾气通孔的形状可以为多角形、圆形、椭圆形、正方形、长方形、梯形、或菱形。于本发明一实施例中尾气通孔的轮廓大小可以为0.1～3mm、0.1～0.2mm、0.2～0.5mm、0.5～1mm、1～1.2mm、1.2～1.5mm、1.5～2mm、2～2.5mm、2.5～2.8mm、或2.8～3mm。
于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极的形态可以为固体、液体、气体分子团、等离子体、导电混合态物质、生物体自然混合导电物质、或物体人工加工形成导电物质中的一种或多种形态的组合。当尾气前置电极为固体时，可采用固态金属，比如304钢，或其它固态的导体、 比如石墨等。当尾气前置电极为液体时，可以是含离子导电液体。
在工作时，在带污染物的气体进入尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极形成的尾气电离除尘电场之前，且带污染物的气体通过尾气前置电极时，尾气前置电极使气体中的污染物带电。当带污染物的气体进入尾气电离除尘电场时，尾气除尘电场阳极给带电的污染物施加吸引力，使污染物向尾气除尘电场阳极移动，直至污染物附着在尾气除尘电场阳极上。
于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极将电子导入污染物，电子在位于尾气前置电极和尾气除尘电场阳极之间的污染物之间进行传递，使更多污染物带电。尾气前置电极和尾气除尘电场阳极之间通过污染物传导电子、并形成电流。
于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极通过与污染物接触的方式使污染物带电。于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极通过能量波动的方式使污染物带电。于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极通过与污染物接触的方式将电子转移到污染物上，并使污染物带电。于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极通过能量波动的方式将电子转移到污染物上，并使污染物带电。
于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极呈线状，尾气除尘电场阳极呈面状。于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极垂直于尾气除尘电场阳极。于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极与尾气除尘电场阳极相平行。于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极呈曲线状或圆弧状。于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极采用金属丝网。于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极与尾气除尘电场阳极之间的电压不同于尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极之间的电压。于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极与尾气除尘电场阳极之间的电压小于起始起晕电压。起始起晕电压为尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极之间的电压的最小值。于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极与尾气除尘电场阳极之间的电压可以为0.1-2kv/mm。
于本发明一实施例中尾气电场装置包括尾气流道，尾气前置电极位于尾气流道中。于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极的截面面积与尾气流道的截面面积比为99％～10％、或90～10％、或80～20％、或70～30％、或60～40％、或50％。尾气前置电极的截面面积是指尾气前置电极沿截面上实体部分的面积之和。于本发明一实施例中尾气前置电极带负电势。
于本发明一实施例中当尾气通过尾气电场装置入口流入尾气流道中，尾气中导电性较强的金属粉尘、雾滴、或气溶胶等污染物在与尾气前置电极相接触时，或与尾气前置电极的距离达到一定范围时会直接带负电，随后，全部污染物随气流进入尾气电离除尘电场，尾气除尘电场阳极给已带负电的金属粉尘、雾滴、或气溶胶等施加吸引力，使已带负电的污染物向尾气除尘电场阳极移动，直至该部分污染物附着在尾气除尘电场阳极上，实现将该部分污染物收集起来，同时，尾气除尘电场阳极与尾气除尘电场阴极之间形成的尾气电离除尘电场通 过电离气体中的氧获得氧离子，且带负电荷的氧离子在与普通粉尘结合后，使普通粉尘带负电荷，尾气除尘电场阳极给该部分带负电荷的粉尘等污染物施加吸引力，使粉尘等污染物向尾气除尘电场阳极移动，直至该部分污染物附着在尾气除尘电场阳极上，实现将该部分普通粉尘等污染物也收集起来，从而将尾气中导电性较强和导电性较弱的污染物均收集起来，并使得尾气除尘电场阳极能收集尾气中污染物的种类更广泛，且收集能力更强，收集效率更高。
于本发明一实施例中尾气电场装置入口与发动机的出口相连通。
于本发明一实施例中尾气电场装置可包括尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极，尾气除尘电场阴极与尾气除尘电场阳极之间形成电离除尘电场。尾气进入电离除尘电场，尾气中的氧离子将被电离，并形成大量带有电荷的氧离子，氧离子与尾气中粉尘等颗粒物结合，使得颗粒物荷电，尾气除尘电场阳极给带负电荷的颗粒物施加吸附力，使得颗粒物被吸附在尾气除尘电场阳极上，以清除掉尾气中的颗粒物。
尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极之间具有第二级流道，该第二级流道也称作除尘流道，并供尾气流通，且第二级流道具有电离除尘电场。于本发明一实施例中第二级流道与第一级流道连通，尾气由尾气电场装置入口依次进入第一级流道和第二级流道后，再由尾气电场装置出口排出。
于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阴极包括若干根阴极丝。阴极丝的直径可为0.1mm-20mm，该尺寸参数根据应用场合及积尘要求做调整。于本发明一实施例中阴极丝的直径不大于3mm。于本发明一实施例中阴极丝使用容易放电的金属丝或合金丝，耐温且能支撑自身重量，电化学稳定。于本发明一实施例中阴极丝的材质选用钛。阴极丝的具体形状根据尾气除尘电场阳极的形状调整，例如，若尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面是平面，则阴极丝的截面呈圆形；若尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面是圆弧面，阴极丝需要设计成多面形。阴极丝的长度根据尾气除尘电场阳极进行调整。
于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阴极包括若干阴极棒。于本发明一实施例中阴极棒的直径不大于3mm。于本发明一实施例中阴极棒使用容易放电的金属棒或合金棒。阴极棒的形状可以为针状、多角状、毛刺状、螺纹杆状或柱状等。阴极棒的形状可以根据尾气除尘电场阳极的形状进行调整，例如，若尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面是平面，则阴极棒的截面需要设计成圆形；若尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面是圆弧面，则阴极棒需要设计成多面形。
于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阴极穿设于尾气除尘电场阳极内。
于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极包括一个或多个并行设置的中空阳极管。当中空阳极管有多个时，全部中空阳极管构成蜂窝状的尾气除尘电场阳极。于本发明一实施例中中 空阳极管的截面可呈圆形或多边形。若中空阳极管的截面呈圆形，尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极之间能形成均匀电场，中空阳极管的内壁不容易积尘。若中空阳极管的截面为三边形时，中空阳极管的内壁上可以形成3个积尘面，3个远角容尘角，此种结构的中空阳极管的容尘率最高。若中空阳极管的截面为四边形，可以获得4个积尘面，4个容尘角，但拼组结构不稳定。若中空阳极管的截面为六边形，可以形成6个积尘面，6个容尘角，积尘面和容尘率达到平衡。若中空阳极管的截面呈更多边形时，可以获得更多的积尘边，但损失容尘率。于本发明一实施例中中空阳极管的管内切圆直径取值范围为5mm-400mm。
于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阴极安装在阴极支撑板上，阴极支撑板与尾气除尘电场阳极通过尾气绝缘机构相连接。于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极包括第三阳极部和第四阳极部，即所述第三阳极部靠近除尘装置入口，第四阳极部靠近除尘装置出口。阴极支撑板和尾气绝缘机构在第三阳极部和第四阳极部之间，即尾气绝缘机构安装在电离电场中间、或尾气除尘电场阴极中间，可以对尾气除尘电场阴极起到良好的支撑作用，并对尾气除尘电场阴极起到相对于尾气除尘电场阳极的固定作用，使尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极之间保持设定的距离。而现有技术中，阴极的支撑点在阴极的端点，难以保持阴极和阳极之间的距离。于本发明一实施例中尾气绝缘机构设置在除尘流道外、即第二级流道外，以防止或减少尾气中的灰尘等聚集在尾气绝缘机构上，导致尾气绝缘机构击穿或导电。
于本发明一实施例中尾气绝缘机构采用耐高压陶瓷绝缘子，对尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极之间进行绝缘。尾气除尘电场阳极也称作一种外壳。
于本发明一实施例中第三阳极部在气体流动方向上位于阴极支撑板和尾气绝缘机构之前，第三阳极部能够除去尾气中的水，防止水进入尾气绝缘机构，造成尾气绝缘机构短路、打火。另外，第三阳级部能够除去尾气中相当一部分的灰尘，当尾气通过尾气绝缘机构时，相当一部分的灰尘已被消除，减少灰尘造成尾气绝缘机构短路的可能性。于本发明一实施例中尾气绝缘机构包括绝缘瓷柱。第三阳极部的设计，主要是为了保护绝缘瓷柱不被气体中颗粒物等污染，一旦气体污染绝缘瓷柱将会造成尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极导通，从而使尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘功能失效，故第三阳极部的设计，能有效减少绝缘瓷柱被污染，提高产品的使用时间。在尾气流经第二级流道过程中，第三阳极部和尾气除尘电场阴极先接触具有污染性的气体，尾气绝缘机构后接触气体，达到先除尘后经过尾气绝缘机构的目的，减少对尾气绝缘机构造成的污染，延长清洁维护周期，对应电极使用后绝缘支撑。于本发明一实施例中，所述第三阳极部的长度是足够的长，以清除部分灰尘，减少积累在所述尾气绝缘机构和所述阴极支撑板上的灰尘，减少灰尘造成的电击穿。于本发明一实施例中第三阳极部 长度占尾气除尘电场阳极总长度的1/10至1/4、1/4至1/3、1/3至1/2、1/2至2/3、2/3至3/4，或3/4至9/10。
于本发明一实施例中第四阳极部在尾气流动方向上位于阴极支撑板和尾气绝缘机构之后。第四阳极部包括积尘段和预留积尘段。其中，积尘段利用静电吸附尾气中的颗粒物，该积尘段是为了增加积尘面积，延长尾气电场装置的使用时间。预留积尘段能为积尘段提供失效保护。预留积尘段是为了在满足设计除尘要求的前提下，进一步提高积尘面积。预留积尘段作为补充前段积尘使用。于本发明一实施例中预留积尘段和第三阳极部可使用不同的电源。
于本发明一实施例中由于尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极之间存在极高电位差，为了防止尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极导通，尾气绝缘机构设置在尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极之间的第二级流道之外。因此，尾气绝缘机构外悬于尾气除尘电场阳极的外侧。于本发明一实施例中尾气绝缘机构可采用非导体耐温材料，比如陶瓷、玻璃等。于本发明一实施例中，完全密闭无空气的材料绝缘要求绝缘隔离厚度>0.3mm/kv；空气绝缘要求>1.4mm/kv。可根据尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极之间的极间距的1.4倍设置绝缘距离。于本发明一实施例中尾气绝缘机构使用陶瓷，表面上釉；不能使用胶粘或有机材料填充连接，耐温大于350摄氏度。
于本发明一实施例中尾气绝缘机构包括绝缘部和隔热部。为了使尾气绝缘机构具有抗污功能，绝缘部的材料采用陶瓷材料或玻璃材料。于本发明一实施例中绝缘部可为伞状串陶瓷柱或玻璃柱，伞内外挂釉。伞状串陶瓷柱或玻璃柱的外缘与尾气除尘电场阳极的距离大于电场距离的1.4倍、即大于极间距的1.4倍。伞状串陶瓷柱或玻璃柱的伞突边间距总和大于伞状串陶瓷柱的绝缘间距的1.4倍。伞状串陶瓷柱或玻璃柱的伞边内深总长大于伞状串陶瓷柱的绝缘距离1.4倍。绝缘部还可为柱状串陶瓷柱或玻璃柱，柱内外挂釉。于本发明一实施例中绝缘部还可呈塔状。
于本发明一实施例中，绝缘部内设置加热棒，当绝缘部周围温度接近露点时，加热棒启动并进行加热。由于使用中绝缘部的内外存在温差，绝缘部的内外、外部容易产生凝露。绝缘部的外表面可能自发或被气体加热产生高温，需要必要的隔离防护，防烫伤。隔热部包括位于第二绝缘部外部的防护围挡板、脱硝净化反应腔。于本发明一实施例中绝缘部的尾部需要凝露位置同样需要隔热，防止环境以及散热高温加热凝露组件。
于本发明一实施例中尾气电场装置的电源的引出线使用伞状串陶瓷柱或玻璃柱过墙式连接，墙内使用弹性碰头连接阴极支撑板，墙外使用密闭绝缘防护接线帽插拔连接，引出线过墙导体与墙绝缘距离大于伞状串陶瓷柱或玻璃柱的陶瓷绝缘距离。于本发明一实施例中高压 部分取消引线，直接安装在端头上，确保安全，高压模块整体外绝缘使用ip68防护，使用介质换热散热。
于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极之间采用非对称结构。在对称电场中极性粒子受到一个相同大小而方向相反的作用力，极性粒子在电场中往复运动；在非对称电场中，极性粒子受到两个大小不同的作用力，极性粒子向作用力大的方向移动，可以避免产生耦合。
本发明的尾气电场装置的尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极之间形成电离除尘电场。为了减少所述电离除尘电场的电场耦合，于本发明一实施例中，减少电场耦合的方法包括如下步骤：选择尾气除尘电场阳极的集尘面积与尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积的比，使电场耦合次数≤3。于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极的集尘面积与尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积的比可以为：1.667：1-1680：1；3.334：1-113.34：1；6.67：1-56.67：1；13.34：1-28.33：1。该实施例选择相对大面积的尾气除尘电场阳极的集尘面积和相对极小的尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积，具体选择上述面积比，可以减少尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积，减小吸力，扩大尾气除尘电场阳极的集尘面积，扩大吸力，即尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极间产生不对称的电极吸力，使荷电后粉尘落入尾气除尘电场阳极的集尘表面，虽极性改变但无法再被尾气除尘电场阴极吸走，减少电场耦合，实现电场耦合次数≤3。即在电场极间距小于150mm时电场耦合次数≤3，电场能耗低，能够减少电场对气溶胶、水雾、油雾、松散光滑颗粒物的耦合消耗，节省电场电能30～50％。集尘面积是指尾气除尘电场阳极工作面的面积，比如，若尾气除尘电场阳极呈中空的正六边形管状，集尘面积即为中空的正六边形管状的内表面积，集尘面积也称作积尘面积。放电面积指尾气除尘电场阴极工作面的面积，比如，若尾气除尘电场阴极呈棒状，放电面积即为棒状的外表面积。
于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极的长度可以为10～180mm、10～20mm、20～30mm、60～180mm、30～40mm、40～50mm、50～60mm、60～70mm、70～80mm、80～90mm、90～100mm、100～110mm、110～120mm、120～130mm、130～140mm、140～150mm、150～160mm、160～170mm、170～180mm、60mm、180mm、10mm或30mm。尾气除尘电场阳极的长度是指尾气除尘电场阳极工作面的一端至另一端的最小长度。尾气除尘电场阳极选择此种长度，可以有效减少电场耦合。
于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极的长度可以为10～90mm、15～20mm、20～25mm、25～30mm、30～35mm、35～40mm、40～45mm、45～50mm、50～55mm、55～60mm、60～65mm、65～70mm、70～75mm、75～80mm、80～85mm或85～90mm，此种长度的设计可以使尾气除尘 电场阳极及尾气电场装置具有耐高温特性，并使得尾气电场装置在高温冲击下具有高效率的集尘能力。
于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阴极的长度可以为30～180mm、54～176mm、30～40mm、40～50mm、50～54mm、54～60mm、60～70mm、70～80mm、80～90mm、90～100mm、100～110mm、110～120mm、120～130mm、130～140mm、140～150mm、150～160mm、160～170mm、170～176mm、170～180mm、54mm、180mm、或30mm。尾气除尘电场阴极的长度是指尾气除尘电场阴极工作面的一端至另一端的最小长度。尾气除尘电场阴极选择此种长度，可以有效减少电场耦合。
于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阴极的长度可以为10～90mm、15～20mm、20～25mm、25～30mm、30～35mm、35～40mm、40～45mm、45～50mm、50～55mm、55～60mm、60～65mm、65～70mm、70～75mm、75～80mm、80～85mm或85～90mm，此种长度的设计可以使尾气除尘电场阴极及尾气电场装置具有耐高温特性，并使得尾气电场装置在高温冲击下具有高效率的集尘能力。其中，当电场温度为200℃时，对应的集尘效率为99.9％；电场温度为400℃时，对应的集尘效率为90％；当电场温度为500℃时，对应的集尘效率为50％。
于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极之间的距离可以为5～30mm、2.5～139.9mm、9.9～139.9mm、2.5～9.9mm、9.9～20mm、20～30mm、30～40mm、40～50mm、50～60mm、60～70mm、70～80mm、80～90mm、90～100mm、100～110mm、110～120mm、120～130mm、130～139.9mm、9.9mm、139.9mm、或2.5mm。尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极之间的距离也称作极间距。极间距具体是指尾气除尘电场阳极、尾气除尘电场阴极工作面之间的最小垂直距离。此种极间距的选择可以有效减少电场耦合，并使尾气电场装置具有耐高温特性。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极直径为1-3毫米，所述尾气除尘电场阳极与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的极间距为2.5-139.9毫米；所述尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面积与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积的比为1.667：1-1680：1。
鉴于电离除尘的特有性能，电离除尘可适用去除气体中的颗粒物，例如可用于去除发动机尾气中的颗粒物。但是，经过许多大学、研究机构、企业的多年的研究，现有电场除尘装置仍然不适合在车辆中使用。首先，现有技术中的电场除尘装置体积过于庞大而较难安装在车辆中。其次，重要的是，现有技术中电场除尘装置只能去除约70％的颗粒物，不能满足许多国家的排放标准。
本发明的发明人研究发现，现有技术中电场除尘装置的缺点是由电场耦合引起的。本发明通过减小电场耦合次数，可以显著减小电场除尘装置的尺寸(即体积)。比如，本发明提供的电离除尘装置的尺寸约为现有电离除尘装置尺寸的五分之一。原因是，为了获得可接受 的颗粒去除率，现有电离除尘装置中将气体流速设为1m/s左右，而本发明在将气体流速提高到6m/s的情况下，仍能获得较高的颗粒去除率。当处理一给定流量的气体时，随着气体速度的提高，电场除尘装置的尺寸可以减小。
另外，本发明可以显著提高颗粒去除效率。例如，在气体流速为1m/s左右时，现有技术电场除尘装置可以去除发动机排气中大约70％的颗粒物，但是本发明可以去除大约99％的颗粒物，即使在气体流速为6m/s时。因此，本发明可以满足最新的排放标准。
由于发明人发现了电场耦合的作用，并且找到了减少电场耦合次数的方法，本发明获得了上述预料不到的结果。所以，本发明可以用来制造适用于车辆的电场除尘装置。
尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极之间的电离除尘电场也称作第三电场。于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极之间还形成有与第三电场不平行的第四电场。于本发明另一实施例中，所述第四电场与所述电离除尘电场的流道不垂直。第四电场也称作辅助电场，可以通过一个或两个第二辅助电极形成。当第四电场由一个第二辅助电极形成时，该第二辅助电极可以放在电离电场的进口或出口，该第二辅助电极可以带负电势、或正电势。其中，当所述第二辅助电极为阴极时，设置在或靠近所述电离除尘电场的进口；所述第二辅助电极与所述尾气除尘电场阳极具有夹角α，且0°＜α≤125°、或45°≤α≤125°、或60°≤α≤100°、或α＝90°。当所述第二辅助电极为阳极时，设置在或靠近所述电离除尘电场的出口；所述第二辅助电极与所述尾气除尘电场阴极具有夹角α，且0°＜α≤125°、或45°≤α≤125°、或60°≤α≤100°、或α＝90°。当第四电场由两个第二辅助电极形成时，其中一个第二辅助电极可以带负电势，另一个第二辅助电极可以带正电势；一个第二辅助电极可以放在电离除尘电场的进口，另一个第二辅助电极放在电离除尘电场的出口。另外，第二辅助电极可以是尾气除尘电场阴极或尾气除尘电场阳极的一部分，即第二辅助电极可以是由尾气除尘电场阴极或尾气除尘电场阳极的延伸段构成，此时尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极的长度不一样。第二辅助电极也可以是一个单独的电极，也就是说第二辅助电极可以不是尾气除尘电场阴极或尾气除尘电场阳极的一部分，此时，第四电场的电压和第三电场的电压不一样，可以根据工作状况单独地控制。
第四电场能给尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极之间带负电荷的氧离子流施加朝向电离电场的出口的力，使得尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极之间带负电荷的氧离子流具有向出口的移动速度。在尾气流入电离电场，并向电离电场的出口方向流动过程中，带负电荷的氧离子也在向尾气除尘电场阳极且向电离电场的出口方向移动，且带负电荷的氧离子在向尾气除尘电场阳极且向电离电场的出口移动过程中将与尾气中的颗粒物等相结合，由于 氧离子具有向出口的移动速度，氧离子在与颗粒物相结合时，两者间不会产生较强的碰撞，从而避免因较强碰撞而造成较大的能量消耗，保证氧离子易于与颗粒物相结合，并使得气体中的颗粒物的荷电效率更高，进而在尾气除尘电场阳极的作用下，能将更多的颗粒物收集起来，保证尾气电场装置的除尘效率更高。尾气电场装置对顺离子流方向进入电场的颗粒物的收集率比对逆离子流方向进入电场的颗粒物的收集率提高近一倍，从而提高电场的积尘效率，减少电场电耗。另外，现有技术中集尘电场的除尘效率较低的主要原因也是粉尘进入电场方向与电场内离子流方向相反或垂直交叉，从而导致粉尘与离子流相互冲撞剧烈并产生较大能量消耗，同时也影响荷电效率，进而使现有技术中电场集尘效率下降，且能耗增加。尾气电场装置在收集气体中的粉尘时，气体及粉尘顺离子流方向进入电场，粉尘荷电充分，电场消耗小；单极电场集尘效率会达到99.99％。当尾气及粉尘逆离子流方向进入电场，粉尘荷电不充分，电场电耗也会增加，集尘效率会在40％-75％。于本发明一实施例中尾气电场装置形成的离子流有利于无动力风扇流体输送、增氧、或热量交换等。
随着，尾气除尘电场阳极持续收集尾气中的颗粒物等，颗粒物等在尾气除尘电场阳极上堆积并形成碳黑，且碳黑厚度不断增加，使极间距减小。于本发明一实施例中，待检测到电场电流增加，利用电场反电晕放电现象，配合增高电压，限制入注电流，使发生在积碳位置急剧放电产生大量等离子，这些低温等离子使碳黑中有机成分深度氧化，高分子键断裂，形成小分子二氧化碳和水，完成碳黑清洁。由于空气中的氧气同时参与电离，形成臭氧，臭氧分子团同时扑捉沉积的油污分子团，加速油污分子中碳氢键断裂，使部分油分子碳化，以达到尾气挥发份净化目的。另外，碳黑清洁是利用等离子体来达到常规清洗方法无法达到的效果。等离子体是物质的一种状态，也叫做物质的第四态，并不属于常见的固、液、气三态。对气体施加足够的能量使之离化便成为等离子状态。等离子体的“活性”组分包括：离子、电子、原子、活性基团、激发态的核素(亚稳态)、光子等。于本发明一实施例中，当电场积尘时，所述尾气电场装置检测电场电流，采用以下任一方式实现碳黑清洁：
(1)当电场电流增加到一个给定值，所述尾气电场装置增高电场电压。
(2)当电场电流增加到一个给定值，所述尾气电场装置利用电场反电晕放电现象完成碳黑清洁。
(3)当电场电流增加到一个给定值，所述尾气电场装置利用电场反电晕放电现象，增高电压，限制入注电流，完成碳黑清洁。
(4)当电场电流增加到一个给定值，所述尾气电场装置利用电场反电晕放电现象，增高电压，限制入注电流，使发生在阳极积碳位置的急剧放电产生等离子，所述等离子使碳黑有 机成分深度氧化，高分子键断裂，形成小分子二氧化碳和水，完成碳黑清洁。
于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极分别与电源的两个电极电性连接。加载在尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极上的电压需选择适当的电压等级，具体选择何种电压等级取决于尾气电场装置的体积、耐温、容尘率等。例如，电压从1kv至50kv；设计时首先考虑耐温条件，极间距与温度的参数：1MM<30度，积尘面积大于0.1平方/千立方米/小时，电场长度大于单管内切圆的5倍，控制电场气流流速小于9米/秒。于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极由第二中空阳极管构成、并呈蜂窝状。第二中空阳极管端口的形状可以为圆形或多边形。于本发明一实施例中第二中空阳极管的管内切圆取值范围在5-400mm，对应电压在0.1-120kv之间，第二中空阳极管对应电流在0.1-30A之间；不同的内切圆对应不同的电晕电压，约为1KV/1MM。
于本发明一实施例中尾气电场装置包括第二电场级，该第二电场级包括若干个第二电场发生单元，第二电场发生单元可以有一个或多个。第二电场发生单元也称作第二集尘单元，第二集尘单元包括上述尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极，第二集尘单元有一个或多个。第二电场级有多个时，能有效提高尾气电场装置的集尘效率。同一第二电场级中，各尾气除尘电场阳极为相同极性，各尾气除尘电场阴极为相同极性。且第二电场级有多个时，各第二电场级之间串联。于本发明一实施例中尾气电场装置还包括若干个连接壳体，串联第二电场级通过连接壳体连接；相邻两级的第二电场级的距离大于极间距的1.4倍。
于本发明一实施例中用电场充电驻极体材料。尾气电场装置有故障时，充电驻极体材料会用来除尘。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气电场装置包括尾气驻极体元件。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气驻极体元件设于所述尾气除尘电场阳极内。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极接通电源时，所述尾气驻极体元件在所述尾气电离除尘电场中。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气驻极体元件靠近尾气电场装置出口，或者，所述尾气驻极体元件设于尾气电场装置出口。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极形成尾气流道，所述尾气驻极体元件设于所述尾气流道中。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气流道包括尾气流道出口，所述尾气驻极体元件靠近所述尾气流道出口，或者，所述尾气驻极体元件设于所述尾气流道出口。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气驻极体元件于所述尾气流道中的横截面占尾气流道横截 面5％～100％。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气驻极体元件于所述尾气流道中的横截面占尾气流道横截面10％-90％、20％-80％、或40％-60％。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气电离除尘电场给所述尾气驻极体元件充电。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气驻极体元件具有多孔结构。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气驻极体元件为织品。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极内部为管状，所述尾气驻极体元件外部为管状，所述尾气驻极体元件外部套设于所述尾气除尘电场阳极内部。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气驻极体元件与所述尾气除尘电场阳极为可拆卸式连接。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气驻极体元件的材料包括具有驻极性能的无机化合物。所述驻极性能是指尾气驻极体元件在外接电源充电后带有电荷，并在完全脱离电源的条件下，依然保持有一定的电荷，从而作为电极起到电场电极作用的能力。
于本发明一实施例中，所述无机化合物选自含氧化合物、含氮化合物或玻璃纤维中的一种或多种组合。
于本发明一实施例中，所述含氧化合物选自金属基氧化物、含氧复合物、含氧的无机杂多酸盐中的一种或多种组合。
于本发明一实施例中，所述金属基氧化物选自氧化铝、氧化锌、氧化锆、氧化钛、氧化钡、氧化钽、氧化硅、氧化铅、氧化锡中的一种或多种组合。
于本发明一实施例中，所述金属基氧化物为氧化铝。
于本发明一实施例中，所述含氧复合物选自钛锆复合氧化物或钛钡复合氧化物中的一种或多种组合。
于本发明一实施例中，所述含氧的无机杂多酸盐选自钛酸锆、锆钛酸铅或钛酸钡中的一种或多种组合。
于本发明一实施例中，所述含氮化合物为氮化硅。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气驻极体元件的材料包括具有驻极性能的有机化合物。所述驻极性能是指尾气驻极体元件在外接电源充电后带有电荷，并在完全脱离电源的条件下，依然保持有一定的电荷，从而作为电极起到电场电极作用的能力。
于本发明一实施例中，所述有机化合物选自氟聚合物、聚碳酸酯、PP、PE、PVC、天然蜡、树脂、松香中的一种或多种组合。
于本发明一实施例中，所述氟聚合物选自聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚全氟乙丙烯(Teflon-FEP)、 可溶性聚四氟乙烯(PFA)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中的一种或多种组合。
于本发明一实施例中，所述氟聚合物为聚四氟乙烯。
在上电驱动电压条件下产生尾气电离除尘电场，利用尾气电离除尘电场电离部分待处理物，吸附尾气中的颗粒物，同时向尾气驻极体元件进行充电，当尾气电场装置出现故障时即无上电驱动电压时，充电的尾气驻极体元件产生电场，利用充电的尾气驻极体元件产生的电场吸附尾气中的颗粒物，即在尾气电离除尘电场出现故障情况下仍然可以进行颗粒物的吸附。
一种尾气除尘方法，包括以下步骤：尾气温度低于100℃时，脱除尾气中的液体水，然后电离除尘。
于本发明一实施例中，尾气温度≥100℃时，对尾气进行电离除尘。
于本发明一实施例中，尾气温度≤90℃时，脱除尾气中的液体水，然后电离除尘。
于本发明一实施例中，尾气温度≤80℃时，脱除尾气中的液体水，然后电离除尘。
于本发明一实施例中，尾气温度≤70℃时，脱除尾气中的液体水，然后电离除尘。
于本发明一实施例中，采用电凝除雾方法脱除尾气中的液体水，然后电离除尘。
一种尾气除尘方法，包括以下步骤：在尾气电离除尘电场之前添加包括氧气的气体，进行电离除尘。
于本发明一实施例中，通过单纯增氧、通入外界空气、通入压缩空气和/或通入臭氧的方式添加氧气。
于本发明一实施例中，至少根据尾气颗粒含量决定补氧量。
对于尾气系统，于本发明一实施例中，本发明提供一种电场除尘方法，包括以下步骤：
使含尘气体通过除尘电场阳极和除尘电场阴极产生的电离除尘电场；
电场积尘时，进行清尘处理。
于本发明一实施例中，当检测到的电场电流增加到一个给定值时，进行清尘处理。
于本发明一实施例中，当电场积尘时，通过以下任一方式进行灰尘清洁：
(1)利用电场反电晕放电现象完成清尘处理。
(2)利用电场反电晕放电现象，增高电压，限制入注电流，完成清尘处理。
(3)利用电场反电晕放电现象，增高电压，限制入注电流，使发生在阳极积尘位置的急剧放电产生等离子，所述等离子使灰尘有机成分深度氧化，高分子键断裂，形成小分子二氧化碳和水，完成清尘处理。
优选地，所述灰尘为炭黑。
于本发明一实施例中，所述除尘电场阴极包括若干根阴极丝。阴极丝的直径可为 0.1mm-20mm，该尺寸参数根据应用场合及积尘要求做调整。于本发明一实施例中阴极丝的直径不大于3mm。于本发明一实施例中阴极丝使用容易放电的金属丝或合金丝，耐温且能支撑自身重量，电化学稳定。于本发明一实施例中阴极丝的材质选用钛。阴极丝的具体形状根据除尘电场阳极的形状调整，例如，若除尘电场阳极的积尘面是平面，则阴极丝的截面呈圆形；若除尘电场阳极的积尘面是圆弧面，阴极丝需要设计成多面形。阴极丝的长度根据除尘电场阳极进行调整。
于本发明一实施例中，所述除尘电场阴极包括若干阴极棒。于本发明一实施例中，所述阴极棒的直径不大于3mm。于本发明一实施例中阴极棒使用容易放电的金属棒或合金棒。阴极棒的形状可以为针状、多角状、毛刺状、螺纹杆状或柱状等。阴极棒的形状可以根据除尘电场阳极的形状进行调整，例如，若除尘电场阳极的积尘面是平面，则阴极棒的截面需要设计成圆形；若除尘电场阳极的积尘面是圆弧面，则阴极棒需要设计成多面形。
于本发明一实施例中，除尘电场阴极穿设于除尘电场阳极内。
于本发明一实施例中，除尘电场阳极包括一个或多个并行设置的中空阳极管。当中空阳极管有多个时，全部中空阳极管构成蜂窝状的除尘电场阳极。于本发明一实施例中，中空阳极管的截面可呈圆形或多边形。若中空阳极管的截面呈圆形，除尘电场阳极和除尘电场阴极之间能形成均匀电场，中空阳极管的内壁不容易积尘。若中空阳极管的截面为三边形时，中空阳极管的内壁上可以形成3个积尘面，3个远角容尘角，此种结构的中空阳极管的容尘率最高。若中空阳极管的截面为四边形，可以获得4个积尘面，4个容尘角，但拼组结构不稳定。若中空阳极管的截面为六边形，可以形成6个积尘面，6个容尘角，积尘面和容尘率达到平衡。若中空阳极管的截面呈更多边形时，可以获得更多的积尘边，但损失容尘率。于本发明一实施例中，中空阳极管的管内切圆直径取值范围为5mm-400mm。
对于尾气系统，于一实施例中，本发明提供一种减少尾气除尘电场耦合的方法，包括以下步骤：
使尾气通过尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极产生的尾气电离除尘电场；
选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极或/和尾气除尘电场阴极。
于本发明一实施例中，选择的所述尾气除尘电场阳极或/和尾气除尘电场阴极尺寸使电场耦合次数≤3。
具体地，选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极的集尘面积与尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积的比。优选地，选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面积与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积的比为1.667：1-1680：1。
更为优选地，选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面积与尾气所述除尘电场阴极的放电面积的比为6.67：1-56.67：1。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极直径为1-3毫米，所述尾气除尘电场阳极与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的极间距为2.5-139.9毫米；所述尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面积与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积的比为1.667：1-1680：1。
优选地，选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极的极间距小于150mm。
优选地，选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的极间距为2.5～139.9mm。更为优选地，选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的极间距为5.0～100mm。
优选地，选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极长度为10～180mm。更为优选地，选择所述尾气除尘电场阳极长度为60～180mm。
优选地，选择所述尾气除尘电场阴极长度为30～180mm。更为优选地，选择所述尾气除尘电场阴极长度为54～176mm。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极包括若干根阴极丝。阴极丝的直径可为0.1mm-20mm，该尺寸参数根据应用场合及积尘要求做调整。于本发明一实施例中阴极丝的直径不大于3mm。于本发明一实施例中阴极丝使用容易放电的金属丝或合金丝，耐温且能支撑自身重量，电化学稳定。于本发明一实施例中阴极丝的材质选用钛。阴极丝的具体形状根据除尘电场阳极的形状调整，例如，若尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面是平面，则阴极丝的截面呈圆形；若尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面是圆弧面，阴极丝需要设计成多面形。阴极丝的长度根据除尘电场阳极进行调整。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极包括若干阴极棒。于本发明一实施例中，所述阴极棒的直径不大于3mm。于本发明一实施例中阴极棒使用容易放电的金属棒或合金棒。阴极棒的形状可以为针状、多角状、毛刺状、螺纹杆状或柱状等。阴极棒的形状可以根据除尘电场阳极的形状进行调整，例如，若尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面是平面，则阴极棒的截面需要设计成圆形；若尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面是圆弧面，则阴极棒需要设计成多面形。
于本发明一实施例中，尾气除尘电场阴极穿设于尾气除尘电场阳极内。
于本发明一实施例中，尾气除尘电场阳极包括一个或多个并行设置的中空阳极管。当中空阳极管有多个时，全部中空阳极管构成蜂窝状的除尘电场阳极。于本发明一实施例中，中空阳极管的截面可呈圆形或多边形。若中空阳极管的截面呈圆形，尾气除尘电场阳极和尾气除尘电场阴极之间能形成均匀电场，中空阳极管的内壁不容易积尘。若中空阳极管的截面为三边形时，中空阳极管的内壁上可以形成3个积尘面，3个远角容尘角，此种结构的中空阳 极管的容尘率最高。若中空阳极管的截面为四边形，可以获得4个积尘面，4个容尘角，但拼组结构不稳定。若中空阳极管的截面为六边形，可以形成6个积尘面，6个容尘角，积尘面和容尘率达到平衡。若中空阳极管的截面呈更多边形时，可以获得更多的积尘边，但损失容尘率。于本发明一实施例中，中空阳极管的管内切圆直径取值范围为5mm-400mm。
一种尾气除尘方法，包括如下步骤：
1)利用尾气电离除尘电场吸附尾气中的颗粒物；
2)利用尾气电离除尘电场给尾气驻极体元件充电。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气驻极体元件靠近尾气电场装置出口，或者，所述尾气驻极体元件设于尾气电场装置出口。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极形成尾气流道，所述尾气驻极体元件设于所述尾气流道中。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气流道包括尾气流道出口，所述尾气驻极体元件靠近所述尾气流道出口，或者，所述尾气驻极体元件设于所述尾气流道出口。
于本发明一实施例中，当尾气电离除尘电场无上电驱动电压时，利用充电的尾气驻极体元件吸附尾气中的颗粒物。
于本发明一实施例中，在充电的尾气驻极体元件吸附一定的尾气中的颗粒物后，将其替换为新的尾气驻极体元件。
于本发明一实施例中，替换为新的尾气驻极体元件后重新启动尾气电离除尘电场吸附尾气中的颗粒物，并给新的尾气驻极体元件充电。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气驻极体元件的材料包括具有驻极性能的无机化合物。所述驻极性能是指尾气驻极体元件在外接电源充电后带有电荷，并在完全脱离电源的条件下，依然保持有一定的电荷，从而作为电极起到电场电极作用的能力。
于本发明一实施例中，所述无机化合物选自含氧化合物、含氮化合物或玻璃纤维中的一种或多种组合。
于本发明一实施例中，所述含氧化合物选自金属基氧化物、含氧复合物、含氧的无机杂多酸盐中的一种或多种组合。
于本发明一实施例中，所述金属基氧化物选自氧化铝、氧化锌、氧化锆、氧化钛、氧化钡、氧化钽、氧化硅、氧化铅、氧化锡中的一种或多种组合。
于本发明一实施例中，所述金属基氧化物为氧化铝。
于本发明一实施例中，所述含氧复合物选自钛锆复合氧化物或钛钡复合氧化物中的一种 或多种组合。
于本发明一实施例中，所述含氧的无机杂多酸盐选自钛酸锆、锆钛酸铅或钛酸钡中的一种或多种组合。
于本发明一实施例中，所述含氮化合物为氮化硅。
于本发明一实施例中，所述尾气驻极体元件的材料包括具有驻极性能的有机化合物。所述驻极性能是指尾气驻极体元件在外接电源充电后带有电荷，并在完全脱离电源的条件下，依然保持有一定的电荷，从而作为电极起到电场电极作用的能力。
于本发明一实施例中，所述有机化合物选自氟聚合物、聚碳酸酯、PP、PE、PVC、天然蜡、树脂、松香中的一种或多种组合。
于本发明一实施例中，所述氟聚合物选自聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚全氟乙丙烯(Teflon-FEP)、可溶性聚四氟乙烯(PFA)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中的一种或多种组合。
于本发明一实施例中，所述氟聚合物为聚四氟乙烯。
于本发明一实施例中提供一种电凝装置，包括：电凝流道、位于电凝流道中的第一电极、及第二电极。当尾气流经电凝流道中的第一电极时，尾气中水雾、即水雾将带电，第二电极给带电的水雾施加吸引力，水雾向第二电极移动，直至水雾附着在第二电极上，从而实现对尾气中水雾的去除。该电凝装置也称作电凝除雾装置。
于本发明一实施例中第一电极可为固体、液体、气体分子团、等离子体、导电混合态物质、生物体自然混合导电物质、或物体人工加工形成导电物质中的一种或多种形态的组合。当第一电极为固体时，第一电极可采用固态金属、比如304钢，或其它固态的导体、比如石墨等；当第一电极为液体时，第一电极可以是含离子导电液体。
于本发明一实施例中第一电极的形状可以呈点状、线状、网状、孔板状、板状、针棒状、球笼状、盒状、管状、自然形态物质、或加工形态物质等。当第一电极呈板状、球笼状、盒状或管状时，第一电极可以是无孔结构，也可以是有孔结构。当第一电极为有孔结构时，第一电极上可以设有一个或多个前通孔。于本发明一实施例中前通孔的形状可以是多角形、圆形、椭圆形、正方形、长方形、梯形、或菱形等。于本发明一实施例中前通孔的孔径大小可以为10～100mm、10～20mm、20～30mm、30～40mm、40～50mm、50～60mm、60～70mm、70～80mm、80～90mm、或90～100mm。另外，在其它实施例中第一电极还可以是其它形状。
于本发明一实施例中第二电极的形状可以呈多层网状、网状、孔板状、管状、桶状、球笼状、盒状、板状、颗粒堆积层状、折弯板状、或面板状。当第二电极呈板状、球笼状、盒状或管状时，第二电极也可以是无孔结构，或有孔结构。当第二电极为有孔结构时，第二电 极上可以设有一个或多个后通孔。于本发明一实施例中后通孔的形状可以是多角形、圆形、椭圆形、正方形、长方形、梯形、或菱形等。后通孔的孔径大小可以为10～100mm、10～20mm、20～30mm、30～40mm、40～50mm、50～60mm、60～70mm、70～80mm、80～90mm、或90～100mm。
于本发明一实施例中第二电极由导电物质制成。于本发明一实施例中第二电极的表面具有导电物质。
于本发明一实施例中第一电极与第二电极之间具有电凝电场，该电凝电场可以是点面电场、线面电场、网面电场、点桶电场、线桶电场、或网桶电场中的一种或多种电场的组合。比如：第一电极呈针状或线状，第二电极呈面状，且第一电极垂直或平行于第二电极，从而形成线面电场；或第一电极呈网状，第二电极呈面状，第一电极平行于第二电极，从而形成网面电场；或第一电极呈点状，并通过金属丝或金属针进行固定，第二电极呈桶状，第一电极位于第二电极的几何对称中心处，从而形成点桶电场；或第一电极呈线状，并通过金属丝或金属针进行固定，第二电极呈桶状，第一电极位于第二电极的几何对称轴上，从而形成线桶电场；或第一电极呈网状，并通过金属丝或金属针进行固定，第二电极呈桶状，第一电极位于第二电极的几何对称中心处，从而形成网桶电场。当第二电极呈面状时，具体可以是平面状、曲面状、或球面状。当第一电极呈线状时，具体可以是直线状、曲线状、或圆圈状。第一电极还可以是圆弧状。当第一电极呈网状时，具体可以是平面的、球面的或其它几何面状，也可以是矩形，或不规则形状。第一电极也可以呈点状，且可以是直径很小的真实点，也可以是一个小球，还可以是一个网状球。当第二电极呈桶状时，第二电极还可以进一步演化成各种盒状。第一电极也可作相应变化，形成电极和电凝电场层套。
于本发明一实施例中第一电极呈线状，第二电极呈面状。于本发明一实施例中第一电极垂直于第二电极。于本发明一实施例中第一电极和第二电极相平行。于本发明一实施例中第一电极和第二电极均呈面状，且第一电极和第二电极相平行。于本发明一实施例中第一电极采用金属丝网。于本发明一实施例中第一电极呈平面状或球面状。于本发明一实施例中第二电极呈曲面状或球面状。于本发明一实施例中第一电极呈点状、线状、或网状，第二电极呈桶状，第一电极位于第二电极的内部，且第一电极位于第二电极的中心对称轴上。
于本发明一实施例中第一电极与电源的一个电极电性连接；第二电极与电源的另一个电极电性连接。于本发明一实施例中第一电极具体与电源的阴极电性连接，第二电极具体与电源的阳极电性连接。
同时，于本发明一些实施例中电凝装置的第一电极可以具有正电势或负电势；当第一电极具有正电势时，第二电极具有负电势；当第一电极具有负电势时，第二电极具有正电势， 第一电极和第二电极均与电源电性连接，具体地第一电极和第二电极可分别与电源的正负极电性连接。该电源的电压称作上电驱动电压，上电驱动电压大小的选择与环境温度、介质温度等有关。例如，电源的上电驱动电压范围可以为5～50KV、10～50KV、5～10KV、10～20KV、20～30KV、30～40KV、或40～50KV，从生物电至空间雾霾治理用电。电源可以是直流电源或交流电源，其上电驱动电压的波形可以是直流波形、正弦波、或调制波形。直流电源作为吸附的基本应用；正弦波作为移动使用，如正弦波的上电驱动电压作用于第一电极和第二电极之间，所产生的电凝电场将驱动电凝电场中带电的粒子、如雾滴等向第二电极移动；斜波作为拉动使用，根据拉动力度需要调制波形，如非对称电凝电场的两端边缘处，对其中的介质所产生的拉力具有明显的方向性，以驱动电凝电场中的介质沿该方向移动。当电源采用交流电源时，其变频脉冲的范围可以为0.1Hz～5GHz、0.1Hz～1Hz、0.5Hz～10Hz、5Hz～100Hz、50Hz～1KHz、1KHz～100KHz、50KHz～1MHz、1MHz～100MHz、50MHz～1GHz、500MHz～2GHz、或1GHz～5GHz，适用生物体至污染物颗粒的吸附。第一电极可作为导线，在与水雾接触时，直接将正负电子导入水雾，此时水雾本身可作为电极。第一电极可通过能量波动的方法使电子转移到水雾或电极上，这样第一电极就可以不接触水雾。水雾在由第一电极向第二电极移动过程中，将重复得到电子和失去电子；与此同时，大量电子在位于第一电极和第二电极之间的多个水雾之间进行传递，使更多雾滴带电，并最终到达第二电极，从而形成电流，该电流也称作上电驱动电流。上电驱动电流的大小与环境温度、介质温度、电子量、被吸附物质量、逃逸量有关。比如，随电子量增加，可移动的粒子、如雾滴增加，由移动的带电粒子形成的电流会随之增加。单位时间内被吸附的带电物质、如雾滴越多，电流越大。逃逸的雾滴只是带了电，但并未到达第二电极，也就是说未形成有效的电中和，从而在相同的条件下，逃逸的雾滴越多，电流越小。相同的条件下，环境温度越高，气体粒子和雾滴速度越快，其自身的动能也就越高，其自身与第一电极和第二电极碰撞机率就会越大，也越不易被第二电极吸附住，从而产生逃逸，但由于其逃逸是发生在电中和之后，且可能是发生了反复多次的电中和之后，从而相应的增加了电子传导速度，电流也就相应增加。同时，由于环境温度越高，气体分子、雾滴等的动量越高，且越不易被第二电极吸附，即使第二电极吸附后，再次从第二电极逃逸、即电中和之后逃逸的机率也越大，因此在第一电极与第二电极的间距不变的情况下，需要增加上述上电驱动电压，该上电驱动电压的极限为达到空气击穿的效果。另外，介质温度的影响基本与环境温度的影响相当。介质温度越低，需激发介质、如雾滴带电的能量小，且其自身所具有的动能也越小，在同样的电凝电场力作用下，越容易被吸附到第二电极上，从而形成的电流较大。电凝装置对冷态的水雾吸附效果更好。而随介质、如雾滴 的浓度增加，带电的介质在与第二电极碰撞之前已与其它介质产生电子传递的机率越大，从而形成有效电中和的机会也会越大，形成的电流也相应地会越大；所以当介质浓度越高时，形成的电流越大。上电驱动电压与介质温度的关系与上电驱动电压与环境温度的关系基本相同。
于本发明一实施例中与第一电极和第二电极相连接的电源的上电驱动电压可小于起始起晕电压。该起始起晕电压为能使第一电极和第二电极之间产生放电并电离气体的最小电压值。对于不同的气体、及不同的工作环境等，起始起晕电压的大小可能会不相同。但对于本领域技术人员来说，针对确定的气体、及工作环境，所对应的起始起晕电压是确定的。于本发明一实施例中电源的上电驱动电压具体可为0.1-2kv/mm。电源的上电驱动电压小于空气电晕起晕电压。
于本发明一实施例中第一电极和第二电极均沿左右方向延伸，第一电极的左端位于第二电极的左端的左方。
于本发明一实施例中第二电极有两个，第一电极位于两个第二电极之间。
第一电极与第二电极之间的距离可根据两者间的上电驱动电压大小、水雾的流速、以及水雾的带电能力等进行设置。比如，第一电极和第二电极的间距可以为5～50mm、5～10mm、10～20mm、20～30mm、30～40mm、或40～50mm。第一电极和第二电极的间距越大，需要的上电驱动电压越高，以形成足够强大的电凝电场，用于驱动带电的介质快速移向第二电极，以免介质逃逸。同样的条件下，第一电极和第二电极的间距越大，顺着气流方向，越靠近中心位置，物质流速越快；越靠近第二电极的物质的流速越慢；而垂直于气流方向，带电介质粒子、如雾粒，随第一电极和第二电极的间距增加，在没有发生碰撞的情况下，被电凝电场加速的时间越长，因此，物质在接近第二电极之前沿垂直方向的移动速度越大。在同样的条件下，如果上电驱动电压不变，随距离增加，电凝电场强度不断减小，电凝电场中介质带电的能力也就越弱。
第一电极和第二电极构成吸附单元。吸附单元可以有一个或多个，具体数量依据实际需要来确定。在一种实施例中，吸附单元有一个。在另一种实施例中吸附单元有多个，以利用多个吸附单元吸附更多的水雾，从而提高收集水雾的效率。当吸附单元有多个时，全部吸附单元的分布形式可以根据需要灵活进行调整；全部吸附单元可以是相同的，也可以是不同的。比如，全部吸附单元可沿左右方向、前后方向、斜向或螺旋方向中的一个方向或多个方向进行分布，以满足不同风量的要求。全部吸附单元可以呈矩形阵列分布，也可以呈金字塔状分布。上述各种形状的第一电极和第二电极可以自由组合形成吸附单元。例如，线状的第一电 极插入管状的第二电极形成吸附单元，再与线状的第一电极组合，形成新的吸附单元，此时两个线状的第一电极可电连接；新的吸附单元再在左右方向、上下方向、斜向或螺旋方向中的一个方向或多个方向进行分布。再例如，线状的第一电极插入管状的第二电极形成吸附单元，此吸附单元在左右方向、上下方向、斜向或螺旋方向中的一个方向或多个方向进行分布，形成新的吸附单元，该新的吸附单元再与上述各种形状的第一电极进行组合，以形成新的吸附单元。吸附单元中的第一电极和第二电极之间的距离可以任意调整，以适应不同的工作电压和吸附对象的要求。不同的吸附单元之间可以进行组合。不同的吸附单元可以使用同一电源，也可以使用不同的电源。当使用不同的电源时，各电源的上电驱动电压可以是相同的，也可以是不同的。另外，本电凝装置也可以有多个，且全部电凝装置可以沿左右方向、上下方向、螺旋方向或斜向中的一个方向或多个方向进行分布。
于本发明一实施例中电凝装置还包括电凝壳体，该电凝壳体包括电凝进口、电凝出口及电凝流道，电凝流道的两端分别与电凝进口和电凝出口相连通。于本发明一实施例中电凝进口呈圆形，且电凝进口的直径为300～1000mm、或500mm。于本发明一实施例中电凝出口呈圆形，且电凝出口的直径为300～1000mm、或500mm。于本发明一实施例中电凝壳体包括由电凝进口至电凝出口方向依次分布的第一壳体部、第二壳体部、及第三壳体部，电凝进口位于第一壳体部的一端，电凝出口位于第三壳体部的一端。于本发明一实施例中第一壳体部的轮廓大小由电凝进口至电凝出口方向逐渐增大。于本发明一实施例中第一壳体部呈直管状。于本发明一实施例中第二壳体部呈直管状，且第一电极和第二电极安装在第二壳体部中。于本发明一实施例中第三壳体部的轮廓大小由电凝进口至电凝出口方向逐渐减小。于本发明一实施例中第一壳体部、第二壳体部、及第三壳体部的截面均呈矩形。于本发明一实施例中电凝壳体的材质为不锈钢、铝合金、铁合金、布、海绵、分子筛、活性炭、泡沫铁、或泡沫碳化硅。于本发明一实施例中第一电极通过电凝绝缘件与电凝壳体相连接。于本发明一实施例中电凝绝缘件的材质为绝缘云母。于本发明一实施例中电凝绝缘件呈柱状、或塔状。于本发明一实施例中第一电极上设有呈圆柱形的前连接部，且前连接部与电凝绝缘件固接。于本发明一实施例中第二电极上设有呈圆柱形的后连接部，且后连接部与电凝绝缘件固接。
于本发明一实施例中第一电极位于电凝流道中。于本发明一实施例中第一电极的截面面积与电凝流道的截面面积比为99％～10％、或90～10％、或80～20％、或70～30％、或60～40％、或50％。第一电极的截面面积是指第一电极沿截面上实体部分的面积之和。
在收集水雾过程中，水雾由电凝进口进入电凝壳体，并朝向电凝出口处移动；在水雾朝向电凝出口移动过程中，水雾将经过第一电极，并带电；第二电极将带电的水雾吸附住，以 将水雾收集在第二电极上。本发明利用电凝壳体引导尾气及水雾流经第一电极，以利用第一电极使水雾带电，并利用第二电极收集水雾，从而有效降低由电凝出口处流出的水雾。于本发明一些实施例中电凝壳体的材质可以是金属、非金属、导体、非导体、水、各类导电液体、各类多孔材料、或各类泡沫材料等。当电凝壳体的材质为金属时，其材质具体可以是不锈钢、或铝合金等。当电凝壳体的材质是非金属时，其材质具体可以是布、或海绵等。当电凝壳体的材质是导体时，其材质具体可以是铁合金等。当电凝壳体的材质是非导体时，其表面形成水层水即成为电极，如吸水后的沙层。当电凝壳体的材质为水和各类导电液体时，电凝壳体是静止或流动的。当电凝壳体的材质为各类多孔材料时，其材质具体可以是分子筛或活性炭。当电凝壳体的材质为各类泡沫材料时，其材质具体可以是泡沫铁、泡沫碳化硅等。在一种实施例中第一电极通过电凝绝缘件与电凝壳体固接，电凝绝缘件的材质可以为绝缘云母。同时，在一种实施例中第二电极直接与电凝壳体电连接，此种连接方式使得电凝壳体可以与第二电极具有相同的电势，这样电凝壳体也能吸附带电的水雾，电凝壳体也构成一种第二电极。电凝壳体中设有上述电凝流道，第一电极安装在电凝流道中。
当水雾附着在第二电极后，将形成凝露。于本发明一些实施例中第二电极可沿上下方向延伸，这样堆积在第二电极上的凝露达到一定重量时，将在重力的作用下沿第二电极向下流动，并最终汇集在设定位置或装置中，从而实现对附着在第二电极上的水雾的回收。本电凝装置可用于制冷除雾。另外，也可以采用外加电凝电场的方式对附着在第二电极上的物质进行收集。对第二电极上的物质收集方向既可以同气流相同，也可以与气流方向不同。在具体实施时，因为是要充分利用重力作用，使第二电极上的水滴或水层尽快流入收集槽中的；同时会尽量利用气流方向及其作用力，来加速第二电极上水流的速度。因此会根据不同的安装条件，以及绝缘的方便性、经济性和可行性等，尽量达到上述目的，不拘束于特定的方向。
另外，当前已有的静电场荷电理论是利用电晕放电，电离氧气，产生大量的负氧离子，负氧离子和粉尘接触，粉尘荷电，荷电后的粉尘被异极吸附。但当遇到水雾等低比电阻物质时，现有的电场吸附作用几乎没有。因低比电阻物质在得电后容易失电，当移动中的负氧离子使低比电阻物质荷电后，低比电阻物质又将很快失电，而负氧离子只移动一次，导致如含水雾等低比电阻物质失电后难以再带电，或此种带电方式大大降低了低比电阻物质带电的几率，使得低比电阻物质整体处于不带电状态，这样异极就难以对低比电阻物质持续施加吸附力，最终导致现有的电场对水雾等低比电阻物质的吸附效率极低。上述电凝装置及电凝方法，不是采用荷电方式让水雾带电，而是直接将电子传递给水雾使其带电，在某个雾滴带电又失电后，新的电子将快速由第一电极、并通过其它雾滴传递到该失电的雾滴上，使得雾滴失电 后又能快速得电，大大增加了雾滴带电几率，如次重复，使得雾滴整体处于得电状态，并使得第二电极能持续给雾滴施加吸引力，直至吸附住雾滴，从而保证本电凝装置对水雾的收集效率更高。本发明采用的上述使雾滴带电的方法，不需要使用电晕线、电晕极、或电晕板等，简化了本电凝装置的整体结构，降低了本电凝装置的制造成本。同时，本发明采用上述上电方式，也使得第一电极上的大量电子，将通过雾滴传递给第二电极，并形成电流。当流经本电凝装置的水雾的浓度越大时，第一电极上的电子更容易通过水雾传递给第二电极，更多的电子将在雾滴间传递，使得第一电极和第二电极之间形成的电流更大，并使得雾滴的带电几率更高，且使本电凝装置对水雾的收集效率更高。
于本发明一实施例中提供一种电凝除雾方法，包括如下步骤：
使带水雾的气体流经第一电极；
当带水雾的气体流经第一电极时，第一电极使气体中的水雾带电，第二电极给带电的水雾施加吸引力，使水雾向第二电极移动，直至水雾附着在第二电极上。
于本发明一实施例中第一电极将电子导入水雾，电子在位于第一电极和第二电极之间的雾滴之间进行传递，使更多雾滴带电。
于本发明一实施例中第一电极和第二电极之间通过水雾传导电子、并形成电流。
于本发明一实施例中第一电极通过与水雾接触的方式使水雾带电。
于本发明一实施例中第一电极通过能量波动的方式使水雾带电。
于本发明一实施例中附着在第二电极上的水雾形成水滴，第二电极上的水滴流入收集槽中。
于本发明一实施例中第二电极上的水滴在重力作用下流入收集槽。
于本发明一实施例中气体流动时，将吹动水滴流入收集槽中。
于本发明一实施例中使水雾流经第一电极；当水雾流经第一电极时，第一电极使水雾带电，第二电极给带电的水雾施加吸引力，使水雾向第二电极移动，直至水雾附着在第二电极上。
于本发明一实施例中第一电极将电子导入水雾，电子在位于第一电极和第二电极之间的雾滴之间进行传递，使更多雾滴带电。
于本发明一实施例中第一电极和第二电极之间通过水雾传导电子、并形成电流。
于本发明一实施例中第一电极通过与水雾接触的方式使水雾带电。
于本发明一实施例中第一电极通过能量波动的方式使水雾带电。
于本发明一实施例中附着在第二电极上的水雾形成水滴，第二电极上的水滴流入收集槽 中。
于本发明一实施例中第二电极上的水滴在重力作用下流入收集槽。
于本发明一实施例中气体流动时，将吹动水滴流入收集槽中。
实施例1
本实施例所述发动机尾气除尘系统包括尾气处理装置，所述尾气处理装置用于处理欲排入大气中的废气。
请参阅图1，显示为尾气处理装置于一实施例中的结构示意图。如图1所示，所述尾气处理装置102包括尾气电场装置1021、尾气绝缘机构1022、尾气均风装置、除水装置及补氧装置。
所述尾气电场装置1021包括尾气除尘电场阳极10211和设置于尾气除尘电场阳极10211内的尾气除尘电场阴极10212，尾气除尘电场阳极10211与尾气除尘电场阴极10212之间形成非对称静电场，其中，待含有颗粒物的气体通过所述排气口进入所述尾气电场装置1021后，由于所述尾气除尘电场阴极10212放电，电离所述气体，以使所述颗粒物获得负电荷，向所述尾气除尘电场阳极10211移动，并沉积在所述尾气除尘电场阴极10212上。
具体地，所述尾气除尘电场阴极10212的内部由呈蜂窝状、且中空的阳极管束组组成，阳极管束的端口的形状为六边形。
所述尾气除尘电场阴极10212包括若干根电极棒，其一一对应地穿设所述阳极管束组中的每一阳极管束，其中，所述电极棒的形状呈针状、多角状、毛刺状、螺纹杆状或柱状。
在本实施例中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极10212的进气端低于所述尾气除尘电场阳极10211的进气端，且所述尾气除尘电场阴极10212的出气端与所述尾气除尘电场阳极10211的出气端齐平，以使所述尾气电场装置1021内部形成加速电场。
气道外悬的所述尾气绝缘机构1022包括绝缘部和隔热部。所述绝缘部的材料采用陶瓷材料或玻璃材料。所述绝缘部为伞状串陶瓷柱，伞内外挂釉。请参阅图2，显示为呈伞状的尾气绝缘机构于一实施例中的结构示意图。
如图1所示，于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阴极安装在阴极支撑板10213上，阴极支撑板10213与尾气除尘电场阳极10211通过尾气绝缘机构1022相连接。于本发明一实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极10211包括第三阳极部102112和第四阳极部102111，即所述第三阳极部102112靠近除尘装置入口，第四阳极部102111靠近除尘装置出口。阴极支撑板10213和尾气绝缘机构1022在第三阳极部102112和第四阳极部102111之间，即尾气绝缘机构1022安装在电离电场中间、或尾气除尘电场阴极10212中间，可以对尾气除尘电场阴极10212起 到良好的支撑作用，并对尾气除尘电场阴极10212起到相对于尾气除尘电场阳极10211的固定作用，使尾气除尘电场阴极10212和尾气除尘电场阳极10211之间保持设定的距离。
所述尾气均风装置1023设置于所述尾气电场装置1021的进气端处的。请参阅图3A、图3B及图3C，显示为尾气均风装置的三种实施结构图。
如图3A所示，当所述尾气除尘电场阳极10211的外型呈圆柱体时，所述尾气均风装置1023为位于进气口处、且由若干围绕所述进风口中心旋转的均风叶片10231组成。所述尾气均风装置1023能够使发动机在各种转速下变化的进气量均匀通过所述尾气除尘电场阳极产生的电场。同时能够保持所述尾气除尘电场阳极内部温度恒定，氧气充足。
如图3B所示，当所述尾气除尘电场阳极10211的外型呈立方体时，所述尾气均风装置包括：
设置于位于所述尾气除尘电场阳极一侧边的进气管10232；及
设置于所述除尘电场阳极另一侧边的出气管10233；其中，安装进气管10232的侧边与安装出气管10233的另一侧边相对立。
如图3C所示，所述尾气均风装置还可以包括设置于所述尾气除尘电场阳极的进气端的第二文氏板均风机构10234和设置于所述尾气除尘电场阳极的出气端的第三文氏板均风机构10235(第三文氏板均风机构俯视时呈折型)，所述第三文氏板均风机构上开设与进气孔，所述第三文氏板均风机构上开设有出气孔，所述进气孔与所述出气孔错位排布，且正面进气侧面出气，形成旋风结构。
所述除水装置用于在尾气电场装置入口之前去除液体水，当尾气温度低于100℃时，所述除水装置脱除尾气中的液体水，所述除水装置207为电凝除雾装置。所述电凝除雾装置可采用下述实施例24至实施例37的电凝装置。如：设置于所述尾气电场装置1021内的除水装置包括作为第一电极的导电网板，所述导电网板用于在上电后，将电子传导给水(低比电阻物质)。用于吸附带电的水的第二电极于本实施例中为所述尾气电场装置的尾气除尘电场阳极10211。
所述尾气滤水机构的第一电极设置于所述进气口，所述第一电极为一带有负电势导电网板。同时，本实施例的第二电极设置于所述进气装置内呈面网状，且第二电极带有正电势，该第二电极也称作收集极。本实施例中第二电极具体呈平面网状，且第一电极平行于第二电极。本实施例中第一电极和第二电极之间形成网面电场。另外，第一电极由金属丝制成的网状结构，该第一电极由金属丝网构成。本实施例中第二电极的面积大于第一电极的面积。
所述补氧装置用于在尾气电离除尘电场之前添加包括氧气的气体，所述补氧装置可以通 过单纯增氧、通入外界空气、通入压缩空气和/或通入臭氧的方式添加氧气，根据尾气颗粒含量决定补氧量。所述补氧装置可采用下述实施例23的补氧装置。
实施例2
如图4所示的尾气电场装置，包括尾气除尘电场阳极10141、尾气除尘电场阴极10142和尾气驻极体元件205，所述尾气除尘电场阳极10141和所述尾气除尘电场阴极10142接通电源时形成尾气电离除尘电场，所述尾气驻极体元件205设于所述尾气电离除尘电场中，图4中箭头方向为待处理物流动方向。所述尾气驻极体元件设于尾气电场装置出口。所述尾气电离除尘电场给所述尾气驻极体元件充电。所述尾气驻极体元件具有多孔结构，所述尾气驻极体元件的材料为氧化铝。所述尾气除尘电场阳极内部为管状，所述尾气驻极体元件外部为管状，所述尾气驻极体元件外部套设于所述尾气除尘电场阳极内部。所述尾气驻极体元件与所述尾气除尘电场阳极为可拆卸式连接。
一种尾气除尘方法，包括如下步骤：
a)利用尾气电离除尘电场吸附尾气中的颗粒物；
b)利用尾气电离除尘电场给尾气驻极体元件充电。
其中，所述尾气驻极体元件设于尾气电场装置出口；所述尾气驻极体元件的材料为氧化铝；当尾气电离除尘电场无上电驱动电压时，利用充电的尾气驻极体元件吸附尾气中的颗粒物；在充电的尾气驻极体元件吸附一定的尾气中的颗粒物后，将其替换为新的尾气驻极体元件；替换为新的尾气驻极体元件后重新启动尾气电离除尘电场吸附尾气中的颗粒物，并给新的尾气驻极体元件充电。
将上述尾气电场装置和静电除尘的方法用于处理机动车启动后的尾气，利用尾气电离除尘电场吸附机动车启动后的尾气中的颗粒物，同时利用该尾气电离除尘电场给尾气驻极体元件充电。当尾气电离除尘电场无上电驱动电压(即故障)时，利用充电的尾气驻极体元件吸附尾气中的颗粒物，可达到50％以上的净化效率。
实施例3
如图5和图6所示的尾气电场装置，包括尾气除尘电场阳极10141、尾气除尘电场阴极10142和尾气驻极体元件205，所述尾气除尘电场阳极10141和所述尾气除尘电场阴极10142形成尾气流道292，所述尾气驻极体元件205设于所述尾气流道292中，图5中箭头方向为待处理物流动方向。所述尾气流道292包括尾气流道出口，所述尾气驻极体元件205靠近所述尾气流道出口。所述尾气驻极体元件于所述尾气流道中的横截面占尾气流道横截面10％， 如图7所示，即为S2/(S1+S2)*100％，其中S2第一横截面面积为所述尾气驻极体元件于所述尾气流道中的横截面面积，S1第一横截面面积和S2第二横截面面积的和为尾气流道横截面面积，S1第一横截面面积不包括尾气除尘电场阴极10142的横截面面积。所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极接通电源时形成尾气电离除尘电场。所述尾气电离除尘电场给所述尾气驻极体元件充电。所述尾气驻极体元件具有多孔结构，所述尾气驻极体元件的材料为聚四氟乙烯。所述尾气除尘电场阳极内部为管状，所述尾气驻极体元件外部为管状，所述尾气驻极体元件外部套设于所述尾气除尘电场阳极内部。所述尾气驻极体元件与所述尾气除尘电场阳极为可拆卸式连接。
一种尾气除尘方法，包括如下步骤：
1)利用尾气电离除尘电场吸附尾气中的颗粒物；
2)利用尾气电离除尘电场给尾气驻极体元件充电。
其中，所述尾气驻极体元件靠近所述尾气流道出口；所述尾气驻极体元件的材料为聚四氟乙烯；当尾气电离除尘电场无上电驱动电压时，利用充电的尾气驻极体元件吸附尾气中的颗粒物；在充电的尾气驻极体元件吸附一定的尾气中的颗粒物后，将其替换为新的尾气驻极体元件；替换为新的尾气驻极体元件后重新启动尾气电离除尘电场吸附尾气中的颗粒物，并给新的尾气驻极体元件充电。
将上述尾气电场装置和静电除尘的方法用于处理机动车启动后的尾气，利用尾气电离除尘电场吸附机动车启动后的尾气中的颗粒物，同时利用该尾气电离除尘电场给尾气驻极体元件充电。当尾气电离除尘电场无上电驱动电压(即故障)时，利用充电的尾气驻极体元件吸附尾气中的颗粒物，可达到30％以上的净化效率。
实施例4
如图8所示，所述发动机尾气除尘系统包括除水装置207和尾气电场装置。所述尾气电场装置包括尾气除尘电场阳极10211和尾气除尘电场阴极10212，所述尾气除尘电场阳极10211和所述尾气除尘电场阴极10212用于产生尾气电离除尘电场。所述除水装置207用于在尾气电场装置入口之前去除液体水，当尾气温度低于100℃时，所述除水装置脱除尾气中的液体水，所述除水装置207为电凝装置，图中箭头方向为尾气流动方向。
一种尾气除尘方法，包括以下步骤：尾气温度低于100℃时，脱除尾气中的液体水，然后电离除尘，其中采用电凝除雾方法脱除尾气中的液体水，所述尾气为汽油发动机冷启动时的尾气，减少尾气中的水珠即液体水，减少尾气电离除尘电场放电不均匀及尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极击穿，提高电离除尘效率，电离除尘效率为99.9％以上，未脱除尾气 中的液体水的除尘方法的电离除尘效率为70％以下。因此，尾气温度低于100℃时，脱除尾气中的液体水，然后电离除尘，减少尾气中的水珠即液体水，减少尾气电离除尘电场放电不均匀及尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极击穿，提高电离除尘效率。
实施例5
如图9所示，所述发动机尾气除尘系统包括补氧装置208和尾气电场装置。所述尾气电场装置包括尾气除尘电场阳极10211和尾气除尘电场阴极10212，所述尾气除尘电场阳极10211和所述尾气除尘电场阴极10212用于产生尾气电离除尘电场。所述补氧装置208用于在尾气电离除尘电场之前添加包括氧气的气体，所述补氧装置208通过通入外界空气的方式添加氧气，根据尾气颗粒含量决定补氧量。图中箭头方向为补氧装置添加包括氧气的气体流动方向。
一种尾气除尘方法，包括以下步骤：在尾气电离除尘电场之前添加包括氧气的气体，进行电离除尘，通过通入外界空气方式添加氧气，根据尾气颗粒含量决定补氧量。
本发明发动机尾气除尘系统：包括补氧装置，可以通过单纯增氧、通入外界空气、通入压缩空气和/或通入臭氧的方式添加氧气，提高进入尾气电离除尘电场尾气含氧量，从而当尾气流经尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极之间的尾气电离除尘电场时，增加电离的氧气，使得尾气中更多的粉尘荷电，进而在尾气除尘电场阳极的作用下将更多的荷电的粉尘收集起来，使得尾气电场装置的除尘效率更高，有利于尾气电离除尘电场收集尾气颗粒物，同时还能起到降温的作用，增加电力系统效率，而且，补氧也会提高尾气电离除尘电场臭氧含量，有利于提高尾气电离除尘电场对尾气中有机物进行净化、自洁、脱硝等处理的效率。
实施例6
本实施例中电场发生单元应用于尾气电场装置，如图10所示，包括用于形成尾气电离除尘电场的尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与电源的两个电极电性连接，所述电源为直流电源，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与直流电源的阳极和阴极电性连接。本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051具有正电势，尾气除尘电场阴极4052具有负电势。
本实施例中直流电源具体可为直流高压电源。上述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052之间形成尾气电离除尘电场，该尾气电离除尘电场是一种静电场。
如图10、图11和图12所示，本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051呈中空的正六边形管状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052呈棒状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052穿设在尾气除尘电场阳极4051 中。
减少电场耦合的方法，包括如下步骤：选择尾气除尘电场阳极4051的集尘面积与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的放电面积的比为6.67：1，尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的极间距为9.9mm，尾气除尘电场阳极4051长度为60mm，尾气除尘电场阴极4052长度为54mm，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051包括尾气流体通道，所述尾气流体通道包括进口端与出口端，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052置于所述尾气流体通道中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052沿尾气除尘电场阳极尾气流体通道的方向延伸，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的进口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近进口端齐平，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的出口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近出口端之间具有夹角α，且α＝118°，进而在尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的作用下，能将更多的待处理物质收集起来，实现电场耦合次数≤3，能够减少电场对气溶胶、水雾、油雾、松散光滑颗粒物的耦合消耗，节省电场电能30～50％。
本实施例中尾气电场装置包括由多个上述电场发生单元构成的电场级，所述电场级有多个，以利用多个集尘单元有效提高本尾气电场装置的集尘效率。同一电场级中，各尾气电离除尘电场阳极为相同极性，各尾气电离除尘电场阴极为相同极性。
多个电场级中各电场级之间串联，串联电场级通过连接壳体连接，相邻两级的电场级的距离大于极间距的1.4倍。如图13所示，所述电场级为两级即第一级电场4053和第二级电场4054，第一级电场4053和第二级电场4054通过连接壳体4055串联连接。。
本实施例中上述待处理物质可以是呈颗粒状的粉尘，也可以是其它需处理的杂质，如气溶胶、水雾、油雾等。
本实施例中上述气体是发动机排出的尾气。
实施例7
本实施例中电场发生单元应用于尾气电场装置，如图10所示，包括用于形成尾气电离除尘电场的尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与电源的两个电极电性连接，所述电源为直流电源，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与直流电源的阳极和阴极电性连接。本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051具有正电势，尾气除尘电场阴极4052具有负电势。
本实施例中直流电源具体可为直流高压电源。上述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052之间形成尾气电离除尘电场，该尾气电离除尘电场是一种静电场。
本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051呈中空的正六边形管状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052呈棒状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052穿设在尾气除尘电场阳极4051中。
减少电场耦合的方法，包括如下步骤：选择尾气除尘电场阳极4051的集尘面积与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的放电面积的比为1680：1，尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的极间距为139.9mm，尾气除尘电场阳极4051长度为180mm，尾气除尘电场阴极4052长度为180mm，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051包括尾气流体通道，所述尾气流体通道包括进口端与出口端，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052置于所述尾气流体通道中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052沿尾气除尘电场阳极尾气流体通道的方向延伸，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的进口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近进口端齐平，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的出口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近出口端齐平，进而在尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的作用下，能将更多的待处理物质收集起来，实现电场耦合次数≤3，能够减少电场对气溶胶、水雾、油雾、松散光滑颗粒物的耦合消耗，节省电场电能20～40％。
本实施例中上述待处理物质可以是呈颗粒状的粉尘，也可以是其它需处理的杂质，如气溶胶、水雾、油雾等。
本实施例中上述气体是发动机排出的尾气。
实施例8
本实施例中电场发生单元应用于尾气电场装置，如图10所示，包括用于形成尾气电离除尘电场的尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与电源的两个电极电性连接，所述电源为直流电源，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与直流电源的阳极和阴极电性连接。本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051具有正电势，尾气除尘电场阴极4052具有负电势。
本实施例中直流电源具体可为直流高压电源。上述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052之间形成尾气电离除尘电场，该尾气电离除尘电场是一种静电场。
本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051呈中空的正六边形管状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052呈棒状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052穿设在尾气除尘电场阳极4051中。
减少电场耦合的方法，包括如下步骤：选择尾气除尘电场阳极4051的集尘面积与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的放电面积的比为1.667：1，尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的极间距为2.4mm，尾气除尘电场阳极4051长度为30mm，尾气除尘电场阴极4052长度为30mm，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051包括尾气流体通道，所述尾气流体通道包括进口端与出口端，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052置于所述尾气流体通道中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052沿尾气除尘电场阳极尾气流体通道的方向延伸，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的进口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近进口端齐平，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的出口端与尾气除尘电场阴 极4052的近出口端齐平，进而在尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的作用下，能将更多的待处理物质收集起来，实现电场耦合次数≤3，能够减少电场对气溶胶、水雾、油雾、松散光滑颗粒物的耦合消耗，节省电场电能10～30％。
本实施例中上述待处理物质可以是呈颗粒状的粉尘，也可以是其它需处理的杂质，如气溶胶、水雾、油雾等。
本实施例中上述气体是发动机排出的尾气。
实施例9
本实施例中电场发生单元应用于尾气电场装置，如图10所示，包括用于形成尾气电离除尘电场的尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与电源的两个电极电性连接，所述电源为直流电源，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与直流电源的阳极和阴极电性连接。本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051具有正电势，尾气除尘电场阴极4052具有负电势。
本实施例中直流电源具体可为直流高压电源。上述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052之间形成尾气电离除尘电场，该尾气电离除尘电场是一种静电场。
如图10、图11和图12所示，本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051呈中空的正六边形管状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052呈棒状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052穿设在尾气除尘电场阳极4051中，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的集尘面积与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的放电面积的比为6.67：1，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的极间距为9.9mm，尾气除尘电场阳极4051长度为60mm，尾气除尘电场阴极4052长度为54mm，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051包括尾气流体通道，所述尾气流体通道包括进口端与出口端，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052置于所述尾气流体通道中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052沿尾气除尘电场阳极尾气流体通道的方向延伸，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的进口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近进口端齐平，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的出口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近出口端之间具有夹角α，且α＝118°，进而在尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的作用下，能将更多的待处理物质收集起来，保证本电场发生单元的集尘效率更高，典型尾气颗粒pm0.23集尘效率为99.99％。
本实施例中尾气电场装置包括由多个上述电场发生单元构成的电场级，所述电场级有多个，以利用多个集尘单元有效提高本尾气电场装置的集尘效率。同一电场级中，各尾气除尘电场阳极为相同极性，各尾气除尘电场阴极为相同极性。
多个电场级中各电场级之间串联，串联电场级通过连接壳体连接，相邻两级的电场级的距离大于极间距的1.4倍。如图13所示，所述电场级为两级即第一级电场4053和第二级电 场4054，第一级电场4053和第二级电场4054通过连接壳体4055串联连接。
本实施例中上述待处理物质可以是呈颗粒状的粉尘，也可以是其它需处理的杂质，如气溶胶、水雾、油雾等。
本实施例中上述气体是发动机排出的尾气。
实施例10
本实施例中电场发生单元应用于尾气电场装置，如图10所示，包括用于发生电场的尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与电源的两个电极电性连接，所述电源为直流电源，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与直流电源的阳极和阴极电性连接。本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051具有正电势，尾气除尘电场阴极4052具有负电势。
本实施例中直流电源具体可为直流高压电源。上述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052之间形成尾气电离除尘电场，该尾气电离除尘电场是一种静电场。
本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051呈中空的正六边形管状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052呈棒状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052穿设在尾气除尘电场阳极4051中，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的集尘面积与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的放电面积的比为1680：1，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的极间距为139.9mm，尾气除尘电场阳极4051长度为180mm，尾气除尘电场阴极4052长度为180mm，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051包括尾气流体通道，所述尾气流体通道包括进口端与出口端，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052置于所述尾气流体通道中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052沿尾气除尘电场阳极尾气流体通道的方向延伸，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的进口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近进口端齐平，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的出口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近出口端齐平，进而在尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的作用下，能将更多的待处理物质收集起来，保证本电场装置的集尘效率更高，典型尾气颗粒pm0.23集尘效率为99.99％。
本实施例中尾气电场装置包括由多个上述电场发生单元构成的电场级，所述电场级有多个，以利用多个集尘单元有效提高本尾气电场装置的集尘效率。同一电场级中，各尾气除尘电场阳极为相同极性，各尾气除尘电场阴极为相同极性。
本实施例中上述待处理物质可以是呈颗粒状的粉尘，也可以是其它需处理的杂质，如气溶胶、水雾、油雾等。
本实施例中上述气体为发动机排出的尾气。
实施例11
本实施例中电场发生单元应用于尾气电场装置，如图10所示，包括用于发生电场的尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与电源的两个电极电性连接，所述电源为直流电源，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与直流电源的阳极和阴极电性连接。本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051具有正电势，尾气除尘电场阴极4052具有负电势。
本实施例中直流电源具体可为直流高压电源。上述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052之间形成尾气电离除尘电场，该尾气电离除尘电场是一种静电场。
本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051呈中空的正六边形管状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052呈棒状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052穿设在尾气除尘电场阳极4051中，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的集尘面积与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的放电面积的比为1.667：1，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的极间距为2.4mm。尾气除尘电场阳极4051长度为30mm，尾气除尘电场阴极4052长度为30mm，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051包括尾气流体通道，所述尾气流体通道包括进口端与出口端，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052置于所述尾气流体通道中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052沿尾气除尘电场阳极尾气流体通道的方向延伸，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的进口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近进口端齐平，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的出口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近出口端齐平，进而在尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的作用下，能将更多的待处理物质收集起来，保证本电场装置的集尘效率更高，典型尾气颗粒pm0.23集尘效率为99.99％。
本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051及尾气除尘电场阴极4052构成集尘单元，且该集尘单元有多个，以利用多个集尘单元有效提高本尾气电场装置的集尘效率。
本实施例中上述待处理物质可以是呈颗粒状的粉尘，也可以是其它需处理的杂质，如气溶胶、水雾、油雾等。
本实施例中上述气体为发动机排出的尾气。
实施例12
本实施例中发动机尾气除尘系统，包括上述实施例9、实施例10或实施例11中的尾气电场装置。由发动机排出的尾气需先流经该尾气电场装置，以利用该尾气电场装置有效地将气体中的粉尘等污染物清除掉；随后，经处理后的气体再排放至大气，以降低发动机尾气对大气造成的影响。
实施例13
本实施例中电场发生单元应用于尾气电场装置，如图10所示，包括用于形成尾气电离除尘电场的尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与电源的两个电极电性连接，所述电源为直流电源，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与直流电源的阳极和阴极电性连接。本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051具有正电势，尾气除尘电场阴极4052具有负电势。
本实施例中直流电源具体可为直流高压电源。上述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052之间形成尾气电离除尘电场，该尾气电离除尘电场是一种静电场。
本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051呈中空的正六边形管状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052呈棒状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052穿设在尾气除尘电场阳极4051中，尾气除尘电场阳极4051长度为5cm，尾气除尘电场阴极4052长度为5cm，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051包括尾气流体通道，所述尾气流体通道包括进口端与出口端，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052置于所述尾气流体通道中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052沿尾气除尘电场阳极尾气流体通道的方向延伸，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的进口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近进口端齐平，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的出口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近出口端齐平，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的极间距为9.9mm，进而在尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的作用下，使得其耐高温冲击，而且能将更多的待处理物质收集起来，保证本电场发生单元的集尘效率更高。电场温度为200℃对应的集尘效率为99.9％；电场温度为400℃对应的集尘效率为90％；电场温度为500℃对应的集尘效率为50％。
本实施例中尾气电场装置包括由多个上述电场发生单元构成的电场级，所述电场级有多个，以利用多个集尘单元有效提高本电场装置的集尘效率。同一电场级中，各尾气除尘电场阳极为相同极性，各尾气除尘电场阴极为相同极性。
本实施例中上述待处理物质可以是呈颗粒状的粉尘。
本实施例中上述气体为发动机排出的尾气。
实施例14
本实施例中电场发生单元应用于尾气电场装置，如图10所示，包括用于发生电场的尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与电源的两个电极电性连接，所述电源为直流电源，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与直流电源的阳极和阴极电性连接。本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051具有正电势，尾气除尘电场阴极4052具有负电势。
本实施例中直流电源具体可为直流高压电源。上述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052之间形成尾气电离除尘电场，该尾气电离除尘电场是一种静电场。
本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051呈中空的正六边形管状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052呈棒状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052穿设在尾气除尘电场阳极4051中，尾气除尘电场阳极4051长度为9cm，尾气除尘电场阴极4052长度为9cm，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051包括尾气流体通道，所述尾气流体通道包括进口端与出口端，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052置于所述尾气流体通道中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052沿尾气除尘电场阳极尾气流体通道的方向延伸，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的进口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近进口端齐平，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的出口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近出口端齐平，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的极间距为139.9mm，进而在尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的作用下，使得其耐高温冲击，而且能将更多的待处理物质收集起来，保证本电场发生单元的集尘效率更高。电场温度为200℃对应的集尘效率为99.9％；电场温度为400℃对应的集尘效率为90％；电场温度为500℃对应的集尘效率为50％。
本实施例中尾气电场装置包括由多个上述电场发生单元构成的电场级，所述电场级有多个，以利用多个集尘单元有效提高本电场装置的集尘效率。同一电场级中，各存储电场阳极为相同极性，各尾气除尘电场阴极为相同极性。
本实施例中上述待处理物质可以是呈颗粒状的粉尘。
本实施例中上述气体为发动机排出的尾气。
实施例15
本实施例中电场发生单元应用于尾气电场装置，如图10所示，包括用于发生电场的尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与电源的两个电极电性连接，所述电源为直流电源，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与直流电源的阳极和阴极电性连接。本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051具有正电势，尾气除尘电场阴极4052具有负电势。
本实施例中直流电源具体可为直流高压电源。上述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052之间形成尾气电离除尘电场，该尾气电离除尘电场是一种静电场。
本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051呈中空的正六边形管状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052呈棒状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052穿设在尾气除尘电场阳极4051中，尾气除尘电场阳极4051长度为1cm，尾气除尘电场阴极4052长度为1cm，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051包括尾气流体通道，所述尾气流体通道包括进口端与出口端，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052置于所述尾气流 体通道中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052沿尾气除尘电场阳极尾气流体通道的方向延伸，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的进口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近进口端齐平，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的出口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近出口端齐平，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的极间距为2.4mm，进而在尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的作用下，使得其耐高温冲击，而且能将更多的待处理物质收集起来，保证本电场发生单元的集尘效率更高。电场温度为200℃对应的集尘效率为99.9％；电场温度为400℃对应的集尘效率为90％；电场温度为500℃对应的集尘效率为50％。
本实施例中尾气电场装置包括由多个上述电场发生单元构成的电场级，所述电场级有多个，以利用多个集尘单元有效提高本电场装置的集尘效率。同一电场级中，各尾气除尘电场阳极为相同极性，各尾气除尘电场阴极为相同极性。
多个电场级中各电场级之间串联，串联电场级通过连接壳体连接，相邻两级的电场级的距离大于极间距的1.4倍。所述电场级为两级即第一级电场和第二级电场，第一级电场和第二级电场通过连接壳体串联连接。
本实施例中上述待处理物质可以是呈颗粒状的粉尘。
本实施例中上述气体为发动机排出的尾气。
实施例16
本实施例中电场发生单元应用于尾气电场装置，如图10所示，包括用于发生电场的尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与电源的两个电极电性连接，所述电源为直流电源，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052分别与直流电源的阳极和阴极电性连接。本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051具有正电势，尾气除尘电场阴极4052具有负电势。
本实施例中直流电源具体可为直流高压电源。上述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052之间形成尾气电离除尘电场，该尾气电离除尘电场是一种静电场。
如图10和图11所示，本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极4051呈中空的正六边形管状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052呈棒状，尾气除尘电场阴极4052穿设在尾气除尘电场阳极4051中，尾气除尘电场阳极4051长度为3cm，尾气除尘电场阴极4052长度为2cm，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051包括尾气流体通道，所述尾气流体通道包括进口端与出口端，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052置于所述尾气流体通道中，所述尾气除尘电场阴极4052沿尾气除尘电场阳极尾气流体通道的方向延伸，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的进口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近进口端齐平，尾气除尘电场阳极4051的出口端与尾气除尘电场阴极4052的近出口端之间具有夹角α， 且α＝90°，所述尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的极间距为20mm，进而在尾气除尘电场阳极4051和尾气除尘电场阴极4052的作用下，使得其耐高温冲击，而且能将更多的待处理物质收集起来，保证本电场发生单元的集尘效率更高。电场温度为200℃对应的集尘效率为99.9％；电场温度为400℃对应的集尘效率为90％；电场温度为500℃对应的集尘效率为50％。
本实施例中尾气电场装置包括由多个上述电场发生单元构成的电场级，所述电场级有多个，以利用多个集尘单元有效提高本电场装置的集尘效率。同一电场级中，各集尘极为相同极性，各放电极为相同极性。
多个电场级中各电场级之间串联，串联电场级通过连接壳体连接，相邻两级的电场级的距离大于极间距的1.4倍。如图13所示，所述电场级为两级即第一级电场和第二级电场，第一级电场和第二级电场通过连接壳体串联连接。
本实施例中上述待处理物质可以是呈颗粒状的粉尘。
本实施例中上述气体为发动机排出的尾气。
实施例17
本实施例中发动机发动机尾气除尘系统，包括上述实施例13、实施例14、实施例15或实施例16中的尾气电场装置。由发动机排出的尾气需先流经该尾气电场装置，以利用该尾气电场装置有效地将尾气中的粉尘等污染物清除掉；随后，经处理后的气体再排放至大气，以降低发动机尾气对大气造成的影响。
实施例18
本实施例中电场装置应用于发动机尾气除尘系统，包括除尘电场阴极5081和除尘电场阳极5082分别与直流电源的阴极和阳极电性连接，辅助电极5083与直流电源的阳极电性连接。本实施例中除尘电场阴极5081具有负电势，除尘电场阳极5082和辅助电极5083均具有正电势。
同时，如图14所示，本实施例中辅助电极5083与除尘电场阳极5082固接。在除尘电场阳极5082与直流电源的阳极电性连接后，也实现了辅助电极5083与直流电源的阳极电性连接，且辅助电极5083与除尘电场阳极5082具有相同的正电势。
如图14所示，本实施例中辅助电极5083可沿前后方向延伸，即辅助电极5083的长度方向可与除尘电场阳极5082的长度方向相同。
如图14所示，本实施例中除尘电场阳极5082呈管状，除尘电场阴极5081呈棒状，除尘 电场阴极5081穿设在除尘电场阳极5082中。同时本实施例中上述辅助电极5083也呈管状，辅助电极5083与除尘电场阳极5082构成阳极管5084。阳极管5084的前端与除尘电场阴极5081齐平，阳极管5084的后端向后超出了除尘电场阴极5081的后端，该阳极管5084相比于除尘电场阴极5081向后超出的部分为上述辅助电极5083。即本实施例中除尘电场阳极5082和除尘电场阴极5081的长度相同，除尘电场阳极5082和除尘电场阴极5081在前后方向上位置相对；辅助电极5083位于除尘电场阳极5082和除尘电场阴极5081的后方。这样，辅助电极5083与除尘电场阴极5081之间形成辅助电场，该辅助电场给除尘电场阳极5082和除尘电场阴极5081之间带负电荷的氧离子流施加向后的力，使得除尘电场阳极5082和除尘电场阴极5081间带负电荷的氧离子流具有向后的移动速度。当含有待处理物质的气体由前向后流入阳极管5084，带负电荷的氧离子在向除尘电场阳极5082且向后移动过程中将与待处理物质相结合，由于氧离子具有向后的移动速度，氧离子在与待处理物质相结合时，两者间不会产生较强的碰撞，从而避免因较强碰撞而造成较大的能量消耗，使得氧离子易于与待处理物质相结合，并使得气体中待处理物质的荷电效率更高，进而在除尘电场阳极5082及阳极管5084的作用下，能将更多的待处理物质收集起来，保证本电场装置的除尘效率更高。
另外，如图14所示，本实施例中阳极管5084的后端与除尘电场阴极5081的后端之间具有夹角α，且0°＜α≤125°、或45°≤α≤125°、或60°≤α≤100°、或α＝90°。
本实施例中除尘电场阳极5082、辅助电极5083、及除尘电场阴极5081构成除尘单元，且该除尘单元有多个，以利用多个除尘单元有效提高本电场装置的除尘效率。
本实施例中上述待处理物质可以是呈颗粒状的粉尘，也可以是其它需处理的杂质。
本实施例中上述气体可以是欲进入发动机的气体，或发动机排出的气体。
本实施例中直流电源具体可为直流高压电源。上述除尘电场阴极5081和除尘电场阳极5082之间形成尾气电离除尘电场，该尾气电离除尘电场是一种静电场。在无上述辅助电极5083的情况下，除尘电场阴极5081和除尘电场阳极5082之间电场中离子流沿垂直于电极方向，且在两电极间折返流动，并导致离子在电极间来回折返消耗。为此，本实施例利用辅助电极5083使电极相对位置错开，形成除尘电场阳极5082和除尘电场阴极5081间相对不平衡，这个不平衡会使电场中离子流发生偏转。本电场装置利用辅助电极5083形成能使离子流具有方向性的电场。本实施例中上述电场装置也称作一种有加速方向电场装置。本电场装置对顺离子流方向进入电场的颗粒物的收集率比对逆离子流方向进入电场的颗粒物的收集率提高近一倍，从而提高电场积尘效率，减少电场电耗。另外，现有技术中集尘电场的除尘效率较低的主要原因也是粉尘进入电场方向与电场内离子流方向相反或垂直交叉，从而导致粉尘与离 子流相互冲撞剧烈并产生较大能量消耗，同时也影响荷电效率，进而使现有技术中电场集尘效率下降，且能耗增加。
本实施例中电场装置在用于收集气体中的粉尘时，气体及粉尘顺离子流方向进入电场，粉尘荷电充分，电场消耗小；单极电场集尘效率会达到99.99％。当气体及粉尘逆离子流方向进入电场，粉尘荷电不充分，电场电耗也会增加，集尘效率会在40％-75％。另外，本实施例中电场装置形成的离子流有利于无动力风扇流体输送、增氧、热量交换等。
实施例19
本实施例中电场装置应用于发动机尾气除尘系统，包括除尘电场阴极和除尘电场阳极分别与直流电源的阴极和阳极电性连接，辅助电极与直流电源的阴极电性连接。本实施例中辅助电极和除尘电场阴极均具有负电势，除尘电场阳极具有正电势。
本实施例中辅助电极可与除尘电场阴极固接。这样，在实现除尘电场阴极与直流电源的阴极电性连接后，也实现了辅助电极与直流电源的阴极电性连接。同时，本实施例中辅助电极沿前后方向延伸。
本实施例中除尘电场阳极呈管状，除尘电场阴极呈棒状，除尘电场阴极穿设在除尘电场阳极中。同时本实施例中上述辅助电极也棒状，且辅助电极和除尘电场阴极构成阴极棒。该阴极棒的前端向前超出除尘电场阳极的前端，该阴极棒与除尘电场阳极相比向前超出的部分为上述辅助电极。即本实施例中除尘电场阳极和除尘电场阴极的长度相同，除尘电场阳极和除尘电场阴极在前后方向上位置相对；辅助电极位于除尘电场阳极和除尘电场阴极的前方。这样，辅助电极与除尘电场阳极之间形成辅助电场，该辅助电场给除尘电场阳极和除尘电场阴极之间带负电荷的氧离子流施加向后的力，使得除尘电场阳极和除尘电场阴极间带负电荷的氧离子流具有向后的移动速度。当含有待处理物质的气体由前向后流入管状的除尘电场阳极，带负电荷的氧离子在向除尘电场阳极且向后移动过程中将与待处理物质相结合，由于氧离子具有向后的移动速度，氧离子在与待处理物质相结合时，两者间不会产生较强的碰撞，从而避免因较强碰撞而造成较大的能量消耗，使得氧离子易于与待处理物质相结合，并使得气体中待处理物质的荷电效率更高，进而在除尘电场阳极作用下，能将更多的待处理物质收集起来，保证本电场装置的除尘效率更高。
本实施例中除尘电场阳极、辅助电极、及除尘电场阴极构成除尘单元，且该除尘单元有多个，以利用多个除尘单元有效提高本电场装置的除尘效率。
本实施例中上述待处理物质可以是呈颗粒状的粉尘，也可以是其它需处理的杂质。
实施例20
如图15所示，本实施例中电场装置应用于发动机尾气除尘系统，辅助电极5083沿左右方向延伸。本实施例中辅助电极5083的长度方向与除尘电场阳极5082和除尘电场阴极5081的长度方向不同。且辅助电极5083具体可与除尘电场阳极5082相垂直。
本实施例中除尘电场阴极5081和除尘电场阳极5082分别与直流电源的阴极和阳极电性连接，辅助电极5083与直流电源的阳极电性连接。本实施例中除尘电场阴极5081具有负电势，除尘电场阳极5082和辅助电极5083均具有正电势。
如图15所示，本实施例中除尘电场阴极5081和除尘电场阳极5082在前后方向上位置相对，辅助电极5083位于除尘电场阳极5082和除尘电场阴极5081的后方。这样，辅助电极5083与除尘电场阴极5081之间形成辅助电场，该辅助电场给除尘电场阳极5082和除尘电场阴极5081之间带负电荷的氧离子流施加向后的力，使得除尘电场阳极5082和除尘电场阴极5081间带负电荷的氧离子流具有向后的移动速度。当含有待处理物质的气体由前向后流入除尘电场阳极5082和除尘电场阴极5081之间的电场，带负电荷的氧离子在向除尘电场阳极5082且向后移动过程中将与待处理物质相结合，由于氧离子具有向后的移动速度，氧离子在与待处理物质相结合时，两者间不会产生较强的碰撞，从而避免因较强碰撞而造成较大的能量消耗，使得氧离子易于与待处理物质相结合，并使得气体中待处理物质的荷电效率更高，进而在除尘电场阳极5082的作用下，能将更多的待处理物质收集起来，保证本电场装置的除尘效率更高。
实施例21
如图16所示，本实施例中电场装置应用于发动机尾气除尘系统，辅助电极5083沿左右方向延伸。本实施例中辅助电极5083的长度方向与除尘电场阳极5082和除尘电场阴极5081的长度方向不同。且辅助电极5083具体可与除尘电场阴极5081相垂直。
本实施例中除尘电场阴极5081和除尘电场阳极5082分别与直流电源的阴极和阳极电性连接，辅助电极5083与直流电源的阴极电性连接。本实施例中除尘电场阴极5081和辅助电极5083均具有负电势，除尘电场阳极5082具有正电势。
如图16所示，本实施例中除尘电场阴极5081和除尘电场阳极5082在前后方向上位置相对，辅助电极5083位于除尘电场阳极5082和除尘电场阴极5081的前方。这样，辅助电极5083与除尘电场阳极5082之间形成辅助电场，该辅助电场给除尘电场阳极5082和除尘电场阴极5081之间带负电荷的氧离子流施加向后的力，使得除尘电场阳极5082和除尘电场阴极5081间带负电荷的氧离子流具有向后的移动速度。当含有待处理物质的气体由前向后流入除 尘电场阳极5082和除尘电场阴极5081之间的电场，带负电荷的氧离子在向除尘电场阳极5082且向后移动过程中将与待处理物质相结合，由于氧离子具有向后的移动速度，氧离子在与待处理物质相结合时，两者间不会产生较强的碰撞，从而避免因较强碰撞而造成较大的能量消耗，使得氧离子易于与待处理物质相结合，并使得气体中待处理物质的荷电效率更高，进而在除尘电场阳极5082的作用下，能将更多的待处理物质收集起来，保证本电场装置的除尘效率更高。
实施例22
本实施例中发动机发动机尾气除尘系统，包括上述实施例18、19、20、或21中的电场装置。由发动机排出的尾气需先流经该电场装置，以利用该电场装置有效地将气体中的粉尘等污染物清除掉；随后，经处理后的气体再排放至大气，以降低发动机尾气对大气造成的影响。本实施例中发动机排气装置也称作尾气处理装置，除尘电场阴极5081也称作尾气除尘电场阴极，除尘电场阳极5082也称作尾气除尘电场阳极。
实施例23
本实施例提供一种尾气电场装置，包括尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极。尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极分别与直流电源的两个电极电性连接，尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极之间具有尾气电离除尘电场，尾气电场装置还包括补氧装置。补氧装置用于在所述尾气电离除尘电场之前向尾气中添加包括氧气的气体。补氧装置可通过单纯增氧、通入外界空气、通入压缩空气和/或通入臭氧的方式添加氧气。本实施例中尾气电场装置，利用补氧装置向尾气中补充氧气，以提高气体含氧量，从而当尾气流经尾气电离除尘电场时，使得气体中更多的粉尘荷电，进而在尾气除尘电场阳极的作用下将更多的荷电的粉尘收集起来，使得本尾气电场装置的除尘效率更高。
本实施例中至少根据尾气颗粒含量决定补氧量。
本实施例中尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极分别与直流电源的阴极和阳极电性连接，使得尾气除尘电场阳极具有正电势、尾气除尘电场阴极具有负电势。同时，本实施例中直流电源具体可为高压直流电源。本实施例中尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极之间形成的电场具体可称作一种静电场。
本实施例中尾气电场装置适用于低氧环境中，该尾气电场装置也称作一种适用于低氧环境的电场装置。本实施例中补氧装置包括风机，以利用风机将外界的空气及氧气补入尾气中，让进入电场的尾气中氧的浓度得以提高，从而提高尾气中粉尘等颗粒物的荷电几率，进而提 高电场及本尾气电场装置对氧浓度较低的尾气中粉尘等物质的收集效率。另外，风机向尾气中补入的空气也能作为冷却风，对尾气起到降温的作用。本实施例中风机将空气通入尾气中，并在尾气电场装置入口之前，对尾气起到降温的作用。通入的空气可以是尾气的50％至300％、或100％至180％、或120％至150％。
本实施例中尾气电离除尘电场及尾气电场装置具体可用于收集燃油发动机尾气或燃烧炉尾气中的粉尘等颗粒物，即上述气体具体可为燃油发动机尾气或燃烧炉尾气。本实施例利用补氧装置向尾气中补入新风或单纯增氧，以提高尾气的含氧量，就能提升尾气电离除尘电场收集尾气中颗粒物以及气溶胶态物质的效率。同时，还能对尾气起到降温的作用，从而更有利于电场收集尾气中的颗粒物。
本实施例也可通过补氧装置向尾气中通入压缩空气、或臭氧等方式实现尾气增氧；同时调整前级发动机或锅炉等设备的燃烧情况，使产生的尾气含氧量稳定，从而满足电场荷电及集尘需要。
本实施例中补氧装置具体可包括正压风机和管道。尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极构成电场组件，且上述尾气除尘电场阴极也称作一种电晕极。高压直流电源和电源线构成电源组件。本实施例利用补氧装置将空气中的氧气补充到尾气中，使粉尘充荷电，避免尾气因氧含量波动引发电场效率波动。同时，补氧也会提高电场臭氧含量，有利于提高电场对尾气中有机物进行净化、自洁、脱硝等处理的效率。
本实施例中尾气电场装置也称作一种除尘器。上述尾气除尘电场阴极和尾气除尘电场阳极之间具有除尘通道，该除尘通道中形成上述尾气电离除尘电场。如图17和图18所示，本尾气电场装置还包括与除尘通道相通的叶轮涵道3091、与叶轮涵道3091相通的尾气通道3092、及与叶轮涵道3091相通的增氧涵道3093。叶轮涵道3091中安装有叶轮3094，该叶轮3094构成上述风机，即上述补氧装置包括叶轮3094。增氧涵道3093位于尾气通道3092的外围，增氧涵道3093也称作外涵道。增氧涵道3093的一端设有空气进口30931，尾气通道3092的一端设有尾气进口30921，且该尾气进口30921与燃油发动机或燃烧炉的排气口相通。这样，发动机或燃烧炉等排放的尾气将通过尾气进口30921及尾气通道3092进入叶轮涵道3091，并推动叶轮涵道3091中的叶轮3094旋转，同时起到对尾气降温的作用，且叶轮3094旋转时将外界的空气由空气进口30931吸入增氧涵道3093及叶轮涵道3091，从而使空气混入尾气中，达到对尾气增氧降温的目的；补入氧气的尾气再经叶轮涵道3091流经除尘通道，进而利用电场对增氧后的尾气进行除尘，且使得除尘效率更高。本实施例中上述叶轮涵道3091及叶轮3094构成涡扇。
实施例24
如图19至图21所示，本实施例提供一种电凝装置，包括：
第一电极301，能将电子传导给水雾；当电子被传导给水雾时，水雾带电；
第二电极302，能给带电的水雾施加吸引力。
同时，如图19所示，本实施例中电凝装置还包括具有电凝进口3031和电凝出口3032的电凝壳体303，第一电极301和第二电极302均安装在电凝壳体303中。且第一电极301通过电凝绝缘件304与电凝壳体303的内壁固接，第二电极302直接与电凝壳体303固接。本实施例中电凝绝缘件304呈柱状，又称作绝缘柱。在另一种实施例中电凝绝缘件304还可以呈塔状等。本电凝绝缘件304主要是防污染防漏电。本实施例中第一电极301和第二电极302均呈网状，且两者均于电凝进口3031和电凝出口3032之间。第一电极301具有负电势，第二电极302具有正电势。同时，本实施例中电凝壳体303与第二电极302具有相同的电势，该电凝壳体303同样对带电的物质具有吸附作用。本实施例中电凝壳体中设有电凝流道3036，第一电极301和第二电极302均安装在电凝流道3036中，且第一电极301的截面面积与电凝流道3036的截面面积比为99％～10％、或90～10％、或80～20％、或70～30％、或60～40％、或50％。
如图19所示，本实施例中电凝装置的工作原理如下：尾气由电凝进口3031流入电凝壳体303，并经电凝出口3032流出；在此过程中，尾气将流经第一电极301，当尾气中的水雾与第一电极301接触时，或与第一电极301的距离达到一定值时，第一电极301将电子传递给水雾，水雾带电，第二电极302给带电的水雾施加吸引力，水雾向第二电极302移动，并附着在第二电极302上；由于水雾具有易带且易失电特性，某个带电的雾滴在向第二电极302移动过程中又将失电，此时其它带电的雾滴又将快速将电子传递给该失电的雾滴，如此重复，雾滴处于持续带电状态，第二电极302就能持续给雾滴施加吸附力，并使得雾滴附着在第二电极302，从而实现对水雾的去除。本实施例中上述第一电极301和第二电极302构成吸附单元。
如图21所示，本实施例中第一电极301上设有3个前连接部3011，3个前连接部3011分别通过3个电凝绝缘件304与电凝壳体303的内壁上的3个连接部固接，此种连接形式能有效增强第一电极301与电凝壳体303间的连接强度。本实施例中前连接部3011呈圆柱形，在其它实施例中前连接部3011还可以呈塔状等。本实施例中电凝绝缘件304呈圆柱状，在其它实施例中电凝绝缘件304还可以呈塔状等。本实施例中后连接部呈圆柱状，在其它实施例中电凝绝缘件304还可以呈塔状等。如图19所示，本实施例中电凝壳体303包括由电凝进口 3031至电凝出口3032方向依次分布的第一壳体部3033、第二壳体部3034、及第三壳体部3035。电凝进口3031位于第一壳体部3033的一端，电凝出口3032位于第三壳体部3035的一端。第一壳体部3033的轮廓大小由电凝进口3031至电凝出口3032方向逐渐增大，第三壳体部3035的轮廓大小由电凝进口3031至电凝出口3032方向逐渐减小。本实施例中第二壳体部3034的截面呈矩形。本实施例中电凝壳体303采用上述结构设计，使尾气在电凝进口3031处达到一定的入口流速，更主要能使气流分布更加均匀，进而使尾气中的介质、如雾滴更容易在第一电极301的激发作用下带电。同时本电凝壳体303封装更加方便，减少材料用量，并节省空间，可以用管道连接，且还有利用于绝缘的考虑。任何可达到上述效果的电凝壳体303均可以接受。
本实施例中电凝进口3031和电凝出口3032均呈圆形，电凝进口3031也可称作进气口，电凝出口3032也可称作出气口。本实施例中电凝进口3031的直径为300mm～1000mm，具体为500mm。同时，本实施例中电凝进口3031的直径为300mm～1000mm，具体为500mm。
实施例25
如图22和图23所示，本实施例提供一种电凝装置，包括：
第一电极301，能将电子传导给水雾；当电子被传导给水雾时，水雾带电；
第二电极302，能给带电的水雾施加吸引力。
如图22和图23所示，本实施例中第一电极301有两个，两个第一电极301均呈网状且呈球笼状。本实施例中第二电极302有一个，该第二电极302呈网状且呈球笼状。第二电极302位于两个第一电极301之间。同时，如图33所示，本实施例中电凝装置还包括具有电凝进口3031和电凝出口3032的电凝壳体303，第一电极301和第二电极302均安装在电凝壳体303中。且第一电极301通过电凝绝缘件304与电凝壳体303的内壁固接，第二电极302直接与电凝壳体303固接。本实施例中电凝绝缘件304呈柱状，又称作绝缘柱。本实施例中第一电极301具有负电势，第二电极302具有正电势。同时，本实施例中电凝壳体303与第二电极302具有相同的电势，该电凝壳体303同样对带电的物质具有吸附作用。
如图22所示，本实施例中电凝装置的工作原理如下：尾气由电凝进口3031流入电凝壳体303，并经电凝出口3032流出；在此过程中，尾气将先流经其中一个第一电极301，当尾气中水雾与该第一电极301接触时，或与该第一电极301的距离达到一定值时，第一电极301将电子传递给水雾，部分水雾带电，第二电极302给带电的水雾施加吸引力，水雾向第二电极302移动，并附着在第二电极302上；另有一部分水雾未被吸附在第二电极302上，该部分水雾继续向电凝出口3032方向流动，当该部分水雾与另一个第一电极301接触时，或与另 一个第一电极301的距离达到一定值时，该部分水雾将带电，电凝壳体303给该部分带电的水雾施加吸附力，使得该部分带电的水雾附着在电凝壳体303的内壁上，从而大大减少了尾气中水雾。另外，本实施例中电凝进口3031和电凝出口3032均呈圆形，电凝进口3031也可称作进气口，电凝出口3032也可称作出气口。
实施例26
如图24所示，本实施例提供一种电凝装置，包括：
第一电极301，能将电子传导给水雾；当电子被传导给水雾时，水雾带电；
第二电极302，能给带电的水雾施加吸引力。
本实施例中第一电极301呈针状，且第一电极301带有负电势。同时，本实施例中第二电极302呈面状，且第二电极302带有正电势，该第二电极302也称作收集极。本实施例中第二电极302具体呈平面状，且第一电极301垂直于第二电极302。本实施例中第一电极301和第二电极302之间形成线面电场。
实施例27
如图25所示，本实施例提供一种电凝装置，包括：
第一电极301，能将电子传导给水雾；当电子被传导给水雾时，水雾带电；
第二电极302，能给带电的水雾施加吸引力。
本实施例中第一电极301呈线状，且第一电极301带有负电势。同时，本实施例中第二电极302呈面状，且第二电极302带有正电势，该第二电极302也称作收集极。本实施例中第二电极302具体呈平面状，且第一电极301平行于第二电极302。本实施例中第一电极301和第二电极302之间形成线面电场。
实施例28
如图26所示，本实施例提供一种电凝装置，包括：
第一电极301，能将电子传导给水雾；当电子被传导给水雾时，水雾带电；
第二电极302，能给带电的水雾施加吸引力。
本实施例中第一电极301呈网状，且第一电极301带有负电势。同时，本实施例中第二电极302呈面状，且第二电极302带有正电势，该第二电极302也称作收集极。本实施例中第二电极302具体呈平面状，且第一电极301平行于第二电极302。本实施例中第一电极301和第二电极302之间形成网面电场。另外，本实施例中第一电极301由金属丝制成的网状结 构，该第一电极301由金属丝网构成。本实施例中第二电极302的面积大于第一电极301的面积。
实施例29
如图27所示，本实施例提供一种电凝装置，包括：
第一电极301，能将电子传导给水雾；当电子被传导给水雾时，水雾带电；
第二电极302，能给带电的水雾施加吸引力。
本实施例中第一电极301呈点状，且第一电极301带有负电势。同时，本实施例中第二电极302呈桶状，且第二电极302带有正电势，该第二电极302也称作收集极。本实施例中第一电极301通过金属线或金属针进行固定。且本实施例中第一电极301位于桶状的第二电极302的几何对称中心处。本实施例中第一电极301和第二电极302之间形成点桶电场。
实施例30
如图28所示，本实施例提供一种电凝装置，包括：
第一电极301，能将电子传导给水雾；当电子被传导给水雾时，水雾带电；
第二电极302，能给带电的水雾施加吸引力。
本实施例中第一电极301呈线状，且第一电极301带有负电势。同时，本实施例中第二电极302呈桶状，且第二电极302带有正电势，该第二电极302也称作收集极。本实施例中第一电极301通过金属线或金属针进行固定。且本实施例中第一电极301位于桶状的第二电极302的几何对称轴上。本实施例中第一电极301和第二电极302之间形成线桶电场。
实施例31
如图29所示，本实施例提供一种电凝装置，包括：
第一电极301，能将电子传导给水雾；当电子被传导给水雾时，水雾带电；
第二电极302，能给带电的水雾施加吸引力。
本实施例中第一电极301呈网状，且第一电极301带有负电势。同时，本实施例中第二电极302呈桶状，且第二电极302带有正电势，该第二电极302也称作收集极。本实施例中第一电极301通过金属线或金属针进行固定。且本实施例中第一电极301位于桶状的第二电极302的几何对称中心处。本实施例中第一电极301和第二电极302之间形成网桶电凝电场。
实施例32
如图30所示，本实施例提供一种电凝装置，包括：
第一电极301，能将电子传导给水雾；当电子被传导给水雾时，水雾带电；
第二电极302，能给带电的水雾施加吸引力。
本实施例中第二电极302有两个，且第一电极301位于两个第二电极302之间，第一电极301沿左右方向方向上的长度大于第二电极302沿左右方向上的长度，有第一电极301的左端位于第二电极302的左方。第一电极301的左端与第二电极302的左端形成沿斜向延伸的电力线。本实施例中第一电极301与第二电极302之间形成非对称电凝电场。在使用时，水雾(低比电阻物质)、如雾滴由左进入两个第二电极302之间。部分雾滴带电后，由第一电极301的左端沿斜向向第二电极302的左端移动，从而对雾滴形成拉动作用。
实施例33
如图31所示，本实施例提供一种电凝装置，包括：
第一电极，能将电子传导给水雾；当电子被传导给水雾时，水雾带电；
第二电极，能给带电的水雾施加吸引力。
本实施例中第一电极和第二电极构成吸附单元3010。本实施例中吸附单元3010有多个，且全部吸附单元3010沿水平方向分布。本实施例中全部吸附单元3010具体沿左右方向分布。
实施例34
如图32所示，本实施例提供一种电凝装置，包括：
第一电极，能将电子传导给水雾；当电子被传导给水雾时，水雾带电；
第二电极，能给带电的水雾施加吸引力。
本实施例中第一电极和第二电极构成吸附单元3010。本实施例中吸附单元3010有多个，且全部吸附单元3010沿上下方向分布。
实施例35
如图33所示，本实施例提供一种电凝装置，包括：
第一电极，能将电子传导给水雾；当电子被传导给水雾时，水雾带电；
第二电极，能给带电的水雾施加吸引力。
本实施例中第一电极和第二电极构成吸附单元3010。本实施例中吸附单元3010有多个，且全部吸附单元3010沿斜向分布。
实施例36
如图34所示，本实施例提供一种电凝装置，包括：
第一电极，能将电子传导给水雾；当电子被传导给水雾时，水雾带电；
第二电极，能给带电的水雾施加吸引力。
本实施例中第一电极和第二电极构成吸附单元3010。本实施例中吸附单元3010有多个，且全部吸附单元3010沿螺旋方向分布。
实施例37
如图35所示，本实施例提供一种电凝装置，包括：
第一电极，能将电子传导给水雾；当电子被传导给水雾时，水雾带电；
第二电极，能给带电的水雾施加吸引力。
本实施例中第一电极和第二电极构成吸附单元3010。本实施例中吸附单元3010有多个，且全部吸附单元3010沿左右方向、上下方向和斜向分布。
实施例38
如图36所示，本实施例提供一种发动机尾气除尘系统，包括上述电凝装置30100和文氏板3051。本实施例中电凝装置30100与文氏板3051组合使用。
实施例39
如图37所示，本实施例提供一种发动机尾气除尘系统，包括上述电凝装置30100、电晕装置3054和文氏板3051，其中电凝装置30100位于电晕装置3054和文氏板3051之间。
实施例40
如图38所示，本实施例提供一种发动机尾气除尘系统，包括上述电凝装置30100、离心装置3056和文氏板3051，其中电凝装置30100位于离心装置3056和文氏板3051之间。
实施例41
如图39所示，本实施例提供一种发动机尾气除尘系统，包括上述电凝装置30100、电晕装置3054、文氏板3051、及分子筛3057，其中文氏板3051和电凝装置30100位于电晕装置3054和分子筛3057之间。
实施例42
如图40所示，本实施例提供一种发动机尾气除尘系统，包括上述电凝装置30100、电晕装置3054和电磁装置3058，其中电凝装置30100位于电晕装置3054和电磁装置3058之间。
实施例43
如图41所示，本实施例提供一种发动机发动机尾气除尘系统，包括上述电凝装置30100、电晕装置3054和辐照装置3059，其中辐照装置3059位于电晕装置3054和电凝装置30100之间。
实施例44
如图42所示，本实施例提供一种发动机发动机尾气除尘系统，包括上述电凝装置30100、电晕装置3054和湿电除尘装置3061，其中湿电除尘装置3061位于电晕装置3054和电凝装置30100之间。
实施例45
如图43所示，本实施例提供一种尾气电场装置，包括依次相通的尾气电场装置入口3085、尾气流道3086、电场流道3087、及尾气电场装置出口3088，尾气流道3086中安装有尾气前置电极3083，尾气前置电极3083的截面面积与尾气流道3086的截面面积比为99％～10％，尾气电场装置还包括尾气除尘电场阴极3081和尾气除尘电场阳极3082，电场流道3087位于尾气除尘电场阴极3081和尾气除尘电场阳极3082之间。本发明尾气电场装置的工作原理为：含污染物的气体通过尾气电场装置入口3085进入尾气流道3086，安装在尾气流道3086中的尾气前置电极3083将电子传导给部分污染物，部分污染物带电，当污染物由尾气流道3086进入电场流道3087后，尾气除尘电场阳极3082给已带电的污染物施加吸引力，带电的污染物向尾气除尘电场阳极3082移动，直至该部分污染物附着在尾气除尘电场阳极3082上，同时，电场流道3087中尾气除尘电场阴极3081和尾气除尘电场阳极3082之间形成尾气电离除尘电场，该尾气电离除尘电场将使另一部分未带电的污染物带电，这样另一部分污染物在带电后同样会受到尾气除尘电场阳极3082施加的吸引力，并最终附着在尾气除尘电场阳极3082，从而利用上述尾气电场装置使污染物带电效率更高，带电更充分，进而保证尾气除尘电场阳极3082能收集更多的污染物，并保证本发明尾气电场装置对污染物的收集效率更高。
尾气前置电极3083的截面面积是指尾气前置电极3083沿截面上实体部分的面积之和。另外，尾气前置电极3083的截面面积与尾气流道3086的截面面积比可以为99％～10％、或 90～10％、或80～20％、或70～30％、或60～40％、或50％。
如图43所示，本实施例中尾气前置电极3083和尾气除尘电场阴极3081均与直流电源的阴极电性连接，尾气除尘电场阳极3082与直流电源的阳极电性连接。本实施例中尾气前置电极3083和尾气除尘电场阴极3081均具有负电势，尾气除尘电场阳极3082具有正电势。
如图43所示，本实施例中尾气前置电极3083具体可呈网状。这样，当气体流经尾气流道3086时，利用尾气前置电极3083呈网状的结构特点，便于气体及污染物流过尾气前置电极3083，并使气体中污染物与尾气前置电极3083接触更加充分，从而使尾气前置电极3083能将电子传导给更多的污染物，并使污染物的带电效率更高。
如图43所示，本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极3082呈管状，尾气除尘电场阴极3081呈棒状，尾气除尘电场阴极3081穿设在尾气除尘电场阳极3082中。本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极3082和尾气除尘电场阴极3081呈非对称结构。当气体流入尾气除尘电场阴极3081和尾气除尘电场阳极3082之间形的电离电场将使污染物带电，且在尾气除尘电场阳极3082施加的吸引力作用下，将带电的污染物收集在尾气除尘电场阳极3082的内壁上。
另外，如图43所示，本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极3082和尾气除尘电场阴极3081均沿前后方向延伸，尾气除尘电场阳极3082的前端沿前后方向上位于尾气除尘电场阴极3081的前端的前方。且如图43所示，尾气除尘电场阳极3082的后端沿前后方向上位于尾气除尘电场阴极3081的后端的后方。本实施例中尾气除尘电场阳极3082沿前后方向上的长度更长，使得位于尾气除尘电场阳极3082内壁上的吸附面面积更大，从而对带有负电势的污染物的吸引力更大，并能收集更多的污染物。
如图43所示，本实施例中尾气除尘电场阴极3081和尾气除尘电场阳极3082构成电离单元，电离单元有多个，以利用多个电离单元收集更多的污染物，并使得本尾气电场装置对污染物的收集能力更强，且收集效率更高。
本实施例中上述污染物包括导电性较弱的普通粉尘等、及导电性较强的金属粉尘、雾滴、气溶胶等。本实施例中尾气电场装置，对气体中导电性较弱的普通粉尘，及导电性较强的污染物的收集过程为：当气体通过尾气电场装置入口3085流入尾气流道3086中，气体中导电性较强的金属粉尘、雾滴、或气溶胶等污染物在与尾气前置电极3083相接触时，或与尾气前置电极3083的距离达到一定范围时会直接带负电，随后，全部污染物随气流进入电场流道3087，尾气除尘电场阳极3082给已带负电的金属粉尘、雾滴、或气溶胶等施加吸引力，并将该部分污染物收集起来，同时，尾气除尘电场阳极3082与尾气除尘电场阴极3081形成电离电场，该电离电场通过电离气体中的氧获得氧离子，且带负电荷的氧离子在与普通粉尘结合 后，使普通粉尘带负电荷，尾气除尘电场阳极3082给该部分带负电荷的粉尘施加吸引力，并将该部分污染物收集起来，从而将气体中导电性较强和导电性较弱的污染物均收集起来，并使得本尾气电场装置所能收集物质的种类更广泛，且收集能力更强。
本实施例中上述尾气除尘电场阴极3081也称作电晕荷电电极。上述直流电源具体为直流高压电源。尾气前置电极3083和尾气除尘电场阳极3082之间通入直流高压，形成导电回路；尾气除尘电场阴极3081和尾气除尘电场阳极3082之间通入直流高压，形成电离放电电晕电场。本实施例中尾气前置电极3083为密集分布的导体。当容易带电的粉尘经过尾气前置电极3083时，尾气前置电极3083直接将电子给粉尘，粉尘带电，随后被异极的尾气除尘电场阳极3082吸附；同时未带电的粉尘经过尾气除尘电场阴极3081和尾气除尘电场阳极3082形成的电离区，电离区形成的电离氧会把电子荷电给粉尘，这样粉尘继续带电，并被异极的尾气除尘电场阳极3082吸附。
本实施例中尾气电场装置能形成两种及两种以上的上电方式。比如，在气体中氧气充足情况下，可利用尾气除尘电场阴极3081和尾气除尘电场阳极3082之间形成的电离放电电晕电场，电离氧，来使污染物荷电，再利用尾气除尘电场阳极3082收集污染物；而在气体中氧气含量过低、或无氧状态、或污染物为导电尘雾等时，利用尾气前置电极3083直接使污染物上电，让污染物充分带电后被尾气除尘电场阳极3082吸附。本尾气电场装置让电场可以收集各类粉尘同时，也可以应用在各种含氧量尾气环境中，扩大了集尘电场治理粉尘应用范围，提高了集尘效率。本实施例采用上述两种带电方式的电场，可以同时收集容易荷电的高阻值粉尘以及容易上电的低阻值金属粉尘、气溶胶、液雾等。两种上电方式同时使用，电场适用范围扩大。
实施例46
本实施例中发动机尾气除尘系统包括尾气降温装置，用于在尾气电场装置入口之前降低尾气温度。本实施例中尾气降温装置可与尾气电场装置入口相连通。
如图44所示，本实施例提供一种尾气降温装置，包括：
换热单元3071，用于与发动机的尾气进行热交换，以将换热单元3071中液态的换热介质加热成气态的换热介质。
本实施例中换热单元3071可以包括：
尾气通过腔，与发动机的排气管路相连通，该尾气通过腔用于供发动机的尾气通过；
介质气化腔，介质气化腔用于将液态换热介质与尾气发生热交换后转化成气态的换热介质。
本实施例中介质气化腔中具有液态的换热介质，液态的换热介质与尾气通过腔中的尾气发生热交换后会转化成气态的换热介质。尾气通过腔实现对汽车尾气的收集。本实施例中介质气化腔和尾气通过腔的长度方向可以相同，即介质气化腔的轴线与尾气通过腔的轴线相重合。本实施例中介质气化腔可以位于尾气通过腔内，或位于尾气通过腔外部。这样，当汽车尾气流过尾气通过腔时，汽车尾气携带的热量将传递给对介质气化腔内的液体，将液体加热到沸点以上，液体汽化为高温高压的蒸气等气态介质，该蒸气将在介质气化腔中流动。本实施例中介质气化腔具体可全包覆或除其前端外的部分包覆在尾气通过腔的内外侧。
本实施例中尾气降温装置还包括动力产生单元3072，该动力产生单元3072用于将换热介质的热能和/或尾气的热能转换为机械能。
本实施例中尾气降温装置还包括发电单元3073，该发电单元3073用于将动力产生单元3072产生的机械能转换为电能。
本实施例中尾气降温装置的工作原理为：换热单元3071与发动机的尾气进行热交换，以将换热单元3071中的液态的换热介质加热成气态的换热介质；动力产生单元3072将换热介质的热能或尾气的热能转换机械能；发电单元3073将动力产生单元3072产生的机械能转换为电能，从而实现利用发动机的尾气进行发电，避免尾气携带的热量及压力被浪费掉；且换热单元3071在与尾气进行热交换时，还能起到对尾气散热、降温的作用，以便于能采用其它尾气净化装置等对尾气进行处理，并提高后续对尾气处理的效率。
本实施例中换热介质可以为水、甲醇、乙醇、油、或烷等。上述换热介质为能因温度而相变的物质，同时在相变过程其体积及压力也产生相应的变化。
本实施例中换热单元3071也称作换热器。本实施例中换热单元3071可采用管式换热设备。换热单元3071的设计考虑因素包括承压、减少体积、及增加换热面积等。
如图44所示，本实施例中尾气降温装置还可以包括连接于换热单元3071与动力产生单元3072之间的介质传输单元3074。介质气化腔中形成的蒸气等气态介质通过介质传输单元3074作用于动力产生单元3072。介质传输单元3074包括承压管路。
本实施例中动力产生单元3072包括涡扇。该涡扇能将蒸气或尾气等气态介质产生的压力转换成动能。且涡扇包括涡扇轴、及至少一组固定在涡扇轴上的涡扇组件。涡扇组件包括导流扇和动力扇。当蒸气的压力作用于涡扇组件时，涡扇轴将随涡扇组件一起转动，从而将蒸气的压力转换成动能。当动力产生单元3072包括涡扇时，发动机尾气的压力也可作用于涡扇上，以带动涡扇转动。这样，蒸气的压力和尾气产生的压力可交替地、无缝切换作用于涡扇上。当涡扇以第一方向转动时，发电单元3073将动能转换为电能，实现余热发电；当产生的 电能反过来带动涡扇转动，且涡扇以第二方向转动时，发电单元3073将电能转换为排气阻力，为发动机提供排气阻力，当安装于发动机上的排气制动装置起作用，产生发动机制动高温高压尾气时，涡扇将这种制动能转换为电能，实现发动机排气制动和制动发电。本实施例可通过高速涡扇抽气产生恒定排气负压，减少了发动机的排气阻力，实现发动机助动。且当动力产生单元3072包括涡扇时，动力产生单元3072还包括涡扇调节模块，该涡扇调节模块利用发动机排气压力峰值推动涡扇产生转动惯量，进一步延时产生尾气负压，推动发动机吸气、降低使发动机排气阻力，提升发动机功率。
本实施例中尾气降温装置可应用于燃油发动机，如柴油发动机、或汽油发动机。本实施例中尾气降温装置还可应用于燃气发动机。具体地，本尾气降温装置用于车辆的柴油发动机上，即上述尾气通过腔与柴油发动机的排气口相连通。
发电单元3073包括发电机定子和发电机转子，发电机转子与动力产生单元3072的涡扇轴相连接。这样，发电机转子将随涡扇轴的转动而转动，从而与发电机定子共同作用实现发电。本实施例中发电单元3073可采用可变负荷发电机，或使用直流发电机将转矩变换为电能。同时，本发电单元3073可通过调整励磁绕组电流，调整发电量匹配尾气热量的变化；以适应车辆上坡、下坡、重载、轻载等尾气温度变化。本实施例中发电单元3073还可以包括电池组件，以利用该电池组件储存电能，即实现对发出的电暂时缓存。本实施例中电池组件中储存的电可供换热器动力扇、水泵、制冷压缩机以及车辆中其它电器使用。
如图44所示，本实施例中尾气降温装置还可以包括耦合单元3075，该耦合单元3075电性连接于动力产生单元3072和发电单元3073之间，发电单元3073通过该耦合单元3075与动力产生单元3072同轴耦合。本实施例中耦合单元3075包括电磁耦合器。
本实施例中发电单元3073还可以包括发电机调控组件，该发电机调控组件用于调节发电机的电动转矩，产生排气负压以改变发动机强制制动力大小，产生排气背压以提高余热转换效率。具体地，发电机调控组件通过调节发电励磁或发电电流，能够改变发电功输出，从而调节汽车尾气排放阻力，实现发动机做功、排气背压、排气负压平衡，提高发电机效率。
本实施例中尾气降温装置还可以包括保温管路，该保温管路连接于发动机的排气管路和换热单元3071之间。具体地，保温管路的两端分别与发动机系统的排气口和尾气通过腔相连通，以利用该保温管路来维持尾气的高温，并将尾气引入尾气通过腔中。
本实施例中尾气降温装置还可以包括风机，该风机将空气通入尾气中，并在尾气电场装置入口之前，对尾气起到降温的作用。通入的空气可以是尾气的50％至300％、或100％至180％、或120％至150％。
本实施例中尾气降温装置可以协助发动机系统实现发动机排气余热的回收再利用，有助于减少发动机排放温室气体，也助于减少燃油发动机排放有害气体，减少了污染物的排放，并使燃油发动机排放更环保。
尾气降温装置的进气可以用来净化空气，当本发明发动机尾气除尘系统处理过的尾气的颗粒含量的比空气还要少。
实施例47
如图45所示，本实施例在上述实施例46的基础上，其换热单元3071还可以包括介质循环回路3076；该介质循环回路3076的两端分别与介质气化腔的前后两端相连通，并形成封闭式的气液循环回路；介质循环回路3076上安装有冷凝器30761，冷凝器30761用于将气态的换热介质冷凝为液态的换热介质。介质循环回路3076通过动力产生单元3072与介质气化腔相连通。本实施例中介质循环回路3076的一端用于收集蒸气等气态换热介质，并将蒸气冷凝为液态的换热介质、即液体，另一端用于将液态的换热介质注入到介质气化腔中，以重新生成蒸气，从而实现了换热介质的循环回收利用。本实施例中介质循环回路3076包括蒸气回路30762，该蒸气回路30762与介质气化腔的后端相连通。另外，本实施例中上述冷凝器30761还通过介质传输单元3074与动力产生单元3072相连通。本实施例中气液循环回路与尾气通过腔不相通。
本实施例中冷凝器30761可采用风冷散热器等散热设备，具体可采用承压翘片风冷散热器。当车辆行驶时，冷凝器30761通过自然风强行散热，无自然风时，可使用电扇对冷凝器30761进行散热。具体地，介质气化腔中形成的蒸气等气态介质在作用于动力产生单元3072后将进行泄压，并流入介质循环回路3076及风冷散热器，蒸气的温度随着散热器的散热而降低，并继续冷凝为液体。
如图45所示，本实施例中介质循环回路3076的一端可以设有增压模块30763，该增压模块30763用于将冷凝后的换热介质进行加压，以推动冷凝后的换热介质流入介质气化腔。本实施例中增压模块30763包括循环水泵或高压泵，液态的换热介质在循环水泵的叶轮推动下实现增压，并通过补水管道被挤压、进入介质气化腔中，以在介质气化腔中继续进行加热、并汽化。另外，涡扇转动时可替代循环水泵或高压泵，此时液体在涡扇余压的推动下，通过补水管道被挤压进介质气化腔中，继续被加热汽化。
如图45所示，本实施例中介质循环回路3076还可以包括设置在冷凝器30761和增压模块30763之间的储液模块30764，该储液模块30764用于存储经过冷凝器30761冷凝后液态的换热介质。上述增压模块30763位于储液模块30764和介质气化腔之间的一输送管路上， 储液模块30764中的液体经增压模块30763增压后注入介质气化腔。本实施例中介质循环回路3076还包括液体调节模块30765，该液体调节模块30765设置于储液模块30764与介质气化腔之间，具体设置在位于储液模块30764与介质气化腔之间的另一输送管路上。上述液体调节模块30765用于调节向介质气化腔回流液体的量。当汽车尾气的温度持续高于液态换热介质的沸点温度时，液体调节模块30765将储液模块30764中的液体注入介质气化腔。本实施例中介质循环回路3076还包括设置于储液模块30764与介质气化腔之间的加注模块30766，该加注模块30766具体与上述增压模块30763和液体调节模块30765相通。本实施例中加注模块30766可包括喷嘴307661。喷嘴307661位于介质循环回路3076的一端，且喷嘴307661设置在介质气化腔的前端内，以通过该喷嘴307661向介质气化腔内注入液体。上述增压模块30763将储液模块30764中的液体加压后，经加注模块30766的喷嘴307661注入介质气化腔中。上述储液模块30764中的液体也可经液体调节模块30765注入加注模块30766，并经加注模块30766的喷嘴307661注入介质气化腔中。上述输送管路也称作热介质管道。
本实施例中尾气降温装置具体应于一台13升柴油发动机上，上述尾气通过腔具体与该柴油发动机的排气口相连通，发动机排放的尾气温度为650摄氏度，流量约4000立方米/小时，尾气热量约80千瓦左右。本实施例具体采用水作为介质气化腔中的换热介质，并采用涡扇为动力产生单元3072。本尾气降温装置可以回收15千瓦电能，可以用于驱动车载电器；同时，加上循环水泵的直接效能回收利用，可回收40千瓦尾气热能。本实施例中尾气降温装置既可以提高燃油经济性，还可以把尾气温度降低到露点以下，以有利于需要低温环境的湿电除尘的进行。
综上所述，本尾气降温装置可应用于柴油、汽油、燃气发动机节能减排领域，是发动机效率提升、节省燃料技术、提高发动机经济性的创新技术。本尾气降温装置能够帮助汽车省油、提高燃油经济性；也能使发动机废热得到回收利用，实现能源高效利用。
实施例48
如图46和图47所示，本实施例中上述实施例47的基础上，其动力产生单元3072具体采用涡扇。同时，本实施例中涡扇包括涡扇轴30721和介质腔涡扇组件30722，介质腔涡扇组件30722安装在涡扇轴30721上，且介质腔涡扇组件30722位于介质气化腔30711中，具体可位于介质气化腔30711中的后端处。
本实施例中介质腔涡扇组件30722包括介质腔导流扇307221和介质腔动力扇307222。
本实施例中涡扇包括尾气腔涡扇组件30723，安装在涡扇轴30721上，且尾气腔涡扇组件30723位于尾气通过腔30712中。
本实施例中尾气腔涡扇组件30723包括尾气腔导流扇307231和尾气腔动力扇307232。
本实施例中尾气通过腔30712位于介质气化腔30711中，即介质气化腔30711套设在尾气通过腔30712的外侧。本实施例中介质气化腔30711具体可全包覆或除其前端外的部分包覆在尾气通过腔30712的外侧。介质气化腔30711中形成的蒸气等气态介质流过介质腔涡扇组件30722，在蒸气压力的作用下推动介质腔涡扇组件30722及涡扇轴30721运转。介质腔导流扇307221具体设置在介质气化腔30711的后端处，蒸气等气态介质流经介质腔导流扇307221时，推动介质腔导流扇307221运转，并在该介质腔导流扇307221的作用下，蒸气按设定的路径流动至介质腔动力扇307222；介质腔动力扇307222设置在介质气化腔30711的后端处，具体位于介质腔导流扇307221的后方，流过介质腔导流扇307221的蒸气流动至介质腔动力扇307222，并推动介质腔动力扇307222及涡扇轴30721运转。本实施例中介质腔动力扇307222又称作第一级动力扇。尾气腔涡扇组件30723设置在介质腔涡扇组件30722的后方或前方，与介质腔涡扇组件30722同轴运转。尾气腔导流扇307231设置在尾气通过腔30712中，尾气流经尾气通过腔30712时，推动尾气腔导流扇307231运转，并在该尾气腔导流扇307231的作用下，尾气按设定的路径流动至尾气腔动力扇307232。尾气腔动力扇307232设置在尾气通过腔30712中，具体位于尾气腔导流扇307231的后方，流过尾气腔导流扇307231的尾气流动至尾气腔动力扇307232，且在尾气压力作用下推动尾气腔动力扇307232及涡扇轴30721运转，最后尾气经尾气腔动力扇307232及尾气通过腔30712排出。本实施例中尾气腔动力扇307232又称作第二级动力扇。
如图46所示，本实施例中发电单元3073包括发电机定子30731和发电机转子30732。另外，本实施例中上述发电单元3073也设置在尾气通过腔30712外部，并与涡扇同轴连接，即发电机转子30732与涡扇轴30721相连接，这样发电机转子30732将随涡扇轴30721的转动而转动。
本实施例中动力产生单元3072正是采用涡扇，使得蒸气和尾气能够快速移动，节省了体积和重量，满足汽车尾气能量转换的需求。当本实施例中涡扇以第一方向转动时，发电单元3073将涡扇轴30721的动能转换为电能，从而实现余热发电；当涡扇以第二方向转动时，发电单元3073将电能转换为排气阻力，为发动机提供排气阻力，当安装于发动机上的排气制动装置起作用，产生发动机制动高温高压尾气时，涡扇将这种制动能转换为电能，实现发动机排气制动和制动发电。具体地，涡扇产生的动能可以用于发电，从而实现汽车余热发电；所产生的电能反过来带动涡扇转动，为发动机提供排气负压，从而就实现发动机排气制动和制动发电，极大地提升了发动机的效率。
如图46和图47所示，本实施例中尾气通过腔30712全部设置在介质气化腔30711内，从而实现汽车尾气收集。本实施例中介质气化腔30711与尾气通过腔30712的横向轴向相重合。
本实施例中动力产生单元3072还包括涡扇转动负压调节模块，该涡扇转动负压调节模块利用发动机排气压力峰值推动涡扇产生转动惯量，进一步延时产生尾气负压，推动发动机吸气、降低使发动机排气阻力，提升发动机功率。
如图46所示，本实施例中发电单元3073包括电池组件30733，以利用该电池组件30733储存电能，即实现对发出的电暂时缓存。本实施例中电池组件30733中储存的电可供换热器动力扇、水泵、制冷压缩机以及车辆中其它电器使用。
本实施例中尾气降温装置能够利用汽车尾气的余热进行发电，同时兼顾了体积和重量的要求，且热能转换效率高，换热介质可循环利用，极大地提升了能源利用率，绿色环保，实用性强。
在初始状态下，发动机排放的尾气推动尾气腔动力扇307232旋转，实现尾气压力直接换能；由尾气腔动力扇307232和涡扇轴30721的转动惯量，实现尾气排气瞬时负压；发电机调控组件3078通过调节发电励磁或发电电流，能够改变发电功输出，从而调节汽车尾气排放阻力，适应发动机做功工况。
当采用汽车尾气余热发电时，且汽车尾气温度连续高于200摄氏度时，向介质气化腔30711注入水，水吸收尾气的热量形成高温高压的蒸气，同时产生蒸气动力，继续加速推动介质腔动力扇307222，使介质腔动力扇307222和尾气腔动力扇307232转动更快，力矩更大。通过调节发动电流或励磁电流平衡发动机做功和排气背压平衡；通过调节向介质气化腔30711注入的水量，适应排气温度变化，从而恒定排气温度。
当汽车制动发电时，发动机压气通过尾气腔动力扇307232，并推动尾气腔动力扇307232转动，从而将压力转变为发电机旋转动力，通过调节发电电流或励磁电流，改变阻力大小，实现发动机制动和制动力缓释。
当汽车电动制动时，发动机压气通过尾气腔动力扇307232，推动尾气腔动力扇307232正向转动，开启电动机，输出反向转动力矩，通过涡扇轴30721传递到介质腔动力扇307222和尾气腔动力扇307232上，形成强烈反推阻力，将能耗转变为腔体热量，同时使发动机制动力增加，强制制动。
介质传输单元3074包括反推涵道。当蒸气制动时，连续压气制动蓄积热量通过蒸气，产生更大推力，并通过反推涵道，将蒸气输出到介质腔动力扇307222上，强制介质腔动力扇 307222和尾气腔动力扇307232反转，实现制动发动同时进行。
实施例49
如图48所示，本实施例在上述实施例48的基础上，其介质气化腔30711位于尾气通过腔30712中；且介质腔涡扇组件30722位于介质气化腔30711中，并具体位于介质气化腔30711的后端处；尾气腔涡扇组件30723位于尾气通过腔30712中，并具体位于尾气通过腔30712的后端处。介质腔涡扇组件30722和尾气腔涡扇组件30723均安装在涡扇轴30721上。本实施例中尾气腔涡扇组件30723位于介质腔涡扇组件30722的后方。这样，流经尾气通过腔30712的汽车尾气将直接作用于尾气腔涡扇组件30723，以带动尾气腔涡扇组件30723及涡扇轴30721转动；同时，当汽车尾气流经尾气通过腔30712时，将与介质气化腔30711中的液体进行换热，并使介质气化腔30711中的液体形成蒸气，该蒸气的压力作用于介质腔涡扇组件30722，以带动介质腔涡扇组件30722及涡扇轴30721转动，从而进一步加快推动涡扇轴30721转动；涡扇轴30721转动时将带动与其相连接的发电机转子30732一起转动，进而利用发电单元3073实现发电。另外，介质气化腔30711中的蒸气在向后流经介质腔涡扇组件30722后，将流入介质循环回路3076，并经介质循环回路3076中的冷凝器30761冷凝为液体后，再重新注入介质气化腔30711，以实现换热介质的循环回收利用。尾气通过腔30712中的汽车尾气在流经尾气腔涡扇组件30723后排放至大气。
另外，本实施例中介质气化腔30711的侧壁上设有弯折段307111，该弯折段307111能有效增加介质气化腔30711与尾气通过腔30712的接触面积，即换热面积。本实施例中弯折段307111的截面呈锯齿状。
实施例50
为提高发动机热效率，需要把发动机尾气热能和背压回收换能，达到高效率，特别是混动车辆，既要燃油直接带动发电机，也要尾热高效转换为电能，这样燃油热效率可以提高15％-20％。对于混动车辆来说，在节省燃油同时可以为电池组件充更多的电，燃油转换为电能的效率可以达到70％以上。
具体地，在混动车辆燃油发动机的排气口，安装上述实施例48或实施例49中尾气降温装置，开启燃油发动机，发动机尾气进入尾气通过腔30712，在尾气背压作用下，经尾气腔导流扇307231调整方向，直接推动尾气腔动力扇307232旋转，从而在涡扇轴30721上产生旋转扭矩。由于存在转动惯量介质腔动力扇307222和尾气腔动力扇307232继续旋转时，将产生抽气，使发动机排气处于瞬时负压，这样，发动机排气阻力极低，有利于发动机继续排 气并做功。同样燃油供给和输出负载情况下，提升发动机转速3％-5％左右。
发动机排气温度会因为翘片导热集聚在介质气化腔30711，当集聚温度大于水的沸点温度时，将水注入介质气化腔30711，水瞬间汽化，体积急剧膨胀，通过介质腔导流扇导向，推动介质腔动力扇307222及涡扇轴30721进一步加速旋转，产生更大的转动惯量和转矩。继续提升发动机转速，而燃油并没有增加，负载也没有减轻，获得的额外转速提升10％-15％。在转速因回收背压和温度提升同时，发动机动力输出将增加，根据排气温度差异，提高功率输出13％-20％左右，对于提高燃油经济性、减少发动机体积来说，非常有帮助。
实施例51
本实施例将实施例48或实施例49中的尾气降温装置应用于一台13升柴油发动机上，该柴油发动机尾气温度为650摄氏度，流量约4000立方米/小时，尾气热量约80千瓦左右。同时，本实施例使用水为换热介质，本尾气降温装置可以回收20千瓦电能，可以用于驱动车载电器。因此，本实施例中尾气降温装置既可以提高燃油经济性，还可以把尾气温度降低到露点以下，有利于需要低温环境的静电除尘及湿电除尘的实施；同时实现了发动机变扭连续高效制动和强制连续制动。
具体地，本实施例的尾气降温装置直接连接在一台13升柴油发动机的排气口，并通过在本尾气降温装置的出口、即上述尾气通过腔30712的出口连接尾气电场装置和尾气湿电除尘，就能够实现尾热发电、尾气降温、发动机制动、除尘、脱硝等。本实施例中尾气降温装置安装在尾气电场装置的前方。
其中，本实施例使用3寸的介质腔动力扇307222和尾气腔动力扇307232，并使用10kw高速直流发电电动机，电池组件采用48v300ah动力电池组，使用发电电动手动切换开关。初始状态时，发动机怠速运转，转速小于750转，发动机输出功率10％左右，通过发动机排气推动尾气腔动力扇307232旋转，转速在2000转左右，实现尾气压力直接换能；尾气腔动力扇307232以及涡扇轴30721的转动惯量使尾气排气瞬时负压；由于尾气腔动力扇307232转动，在排气管道内产生瞬时负压-80kp左右，通过调节发电电流，改变发电功输出，从而调节尾气排放阻力，适应发动机做功工况，获得发电功率0.1-1.2kw。
当带负载30％时，发动机转速上升到1300转，尾气温度连续高于300摄氏度，向介质气化腔30711注入水，尾气温度下降到200摄氏度，产生大量高温高压蒸气，吸收尾气温度同时产生蒸气动力，由于介质腔导流扇和喷口限制，喷到介质腔动力扇上的蒸气压力继续加速推动介质腔动力扇转动，使介质腔动力扇及涡扇轴转动更快，力矩更大，带动发电机高速大扭矩旋转，通过调节发动电流或励磁电流平衡发动做功和排气背压平衡，获得发电量1kw-3kw， 通过调节注入水量，适应排气温度变化，达到恒定排气温度目的，从而获得连续排气温度150摄氏度。低温排气有利于后续尾气电场装置回收颗粒物，达到环保目的。
当发动机停止供油时，通过涡扇轴30721拖动发动机压气，发动机压气通过排气管路到达尾气腔动力扇307232，推动尾气腔动力扇307232，将压力转变为涡扇轴30721旋转动力，在涡扇轴30721上同时安装的发电机，通过调节发电电流，改变通过涡扇的排气量，从而改变排气阻力大小，实现发动机制动和制动力缓释，可以获得3-10kw左右的制动力，同时回收1-5kw的发电量。
当发电机切换到电动制动模式时，发电机瞬间变成电动机，等于驾驶员快速踏下制动踏板。这时发动机压气通过尾气腔动力扇307232，推动尾气腔动力扇307232正向转动。开启电动机，输出反向转动力矩，通过涡扇轴30721传递到介质腔动力扇307222和尾气腔动力扇307232上，形成强烈反推阻力，进一步增加制动效果。大量压气做功将能耗转变为高温气体，使腔体热量蓄积，同时使发动机制动力增加，强制制动。强制制动功率15-30kw。这种制动可以间歇发电，发电功率3-5kw左右。
当使用电动反推制动同时间歇发电时，突然需要紧急制动，可以停止发电，将制动热量产生蒸气用于制动，连续压气制动蓄积热量传递给介质气化腔中的水，介质气化腔中产生的蒸气通过反推涵道，输出到介质腔动力扇307222上，且蒸气反推介质腔动力扇307222，强制介质腔动力扇307222和尾气腔动力扇307232反转，实现强制制动，可产生制动功率30kw以上。
综上所述，本发明的尾气降温装置能够基于汽车尾气实现余热发电，且热能转换效率高，换热介质可循环利用；能够应用于柴油发动机、汽油发动机和燃气发动机等的节能减排领域，使发动机废热得到回收利用，从而提高发动机的经济性；通过高速涡扇抽气产生恒定排气负压，减少了发动机的排气阻力，提了高发动机效率。所以，本发明有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价值。
综上所述，本发明有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价值。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种发动机尾气除尘系统，其特征在于，包括尾气除尘系统入口、尾气除尘系统出口、尾气电场装置；尾气均风装置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发动机尾气除尘系统，其特征在于，所述尾气均风装置在所述尾气除尘系统入口与所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极形成的尾气电离除尘电场之间，当所述尾气除尘电场阳极为四方体时，所述尾气均风装置包括：设置于所述尾气除尘电场阳极一侧边的进气管和设置于另一侧边的出气管；其中，所述进气管与所述出气管相对立。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的发动机尾气除尘系统，其特征在于，所述尾气均风装置在所述尾气除尘系统入口与所述尾气除尘电场阳极和所述尾气除尘电场阴极形成的尾气电离除尘电场之间，当所述尾气除尘电场阳极为圆柱体时，所述尾气均风装置由若干可旋转的均风叶片组成。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的发动机尾气除尘系统，其特征在于，所述尾气均风装置第一文氏板均风机构和设置于所述尾气除尘电场阳极的出气端的第二文氏板均风机构，所述第一文氏板均风机构上开设有进气孔，所述第二文氏板均风机构上开设有出气孔，所述进气孔与所述出气孔错位排布，且正面进气侧面出气，形成旋风结构.
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的发动机尾气除尘系统，其特征在于，所述尾气除尘电场阳极长度为10-90mm，所述尾气除尘电场阴极长度为10-90mm。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的发动机尾气除尘系统，其特征在于，当电场温度为200℃时，对应的集尘效率为99.9％。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的发动机尾气除尘系统，其特征在于，当电场温度为400℃时，对应的集尘效率为90％。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的发动机尾气除尘系统，其特征在于，当电场温度为500℃时，对应的集尘效率为50％。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的发动机尾气除尘系统，其特征在于，所述尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面积与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积的比为6.67：1-56.67：1。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的发动机尾气除尘系统，其特征在于，所述尾气除尘电场阴极直径为1-3毫米，所述尾气除尘电场阳极与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的极间距为2.5-139.9毫米；所述尾气除尘电场阳极的积尘面积与所述尾气除尘电场阴极的放电面积的比为1.667：1-1680：1。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的发动机尾气除尘系统，其特征在于，当运行时， 所述尾气电离除尘电场的耦合次数≤3。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11任一项所述的发动机尾气除尘系统，其特征在于，还包括发动机。
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CN112969845B (zh) 2023-08-15
WO2020083123A1 (zh) 2020-04-30
EP3872315A4 (en) 2021-12-22
WO2020083157A1 (zh) 2020-04-30
EP3872306A1 (en) 2021-09-01
EP3872317A4 (en) 2022-06-22
EP3872311A4 (en) 2022-07-27
WO2020083151A1 (zh) 2020-04-30
JP2022508862A (ja) 2022-01-19
JP2022508861A (ja) 2022-01-19
US20210379601A1 (en) 2021-12-09
WO2020083172A1 (zh) 2020-04-30
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US20220025794A1 (en) 2022-01-27
MX2021004574A (es) 2021-09-08
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JP2022505939A (ja) 2022-01-14
WO2020083148A1 (zh) 2020-04-30
WO2020083153A1 (zh) 2020-04-30
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